WO2017068820A1 - 蓄電デバイスの集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材、その製造方法、前記アルミニウム不織繊維材を用いた電極、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
蓄電デバイスの集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材、その製造方法、前記アルミニウム不織繊維材を用いた電極、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017068820A1 WO2017068820A1 PCT/JP2016/070752 JP2016070752W WO2017068820A1 WO 2017068820 A1 WO2017068820 A1 WO 2017068820A1 JP 2016070752 W JP2016070752 W JP 2016070752W WO 2017068820 A1 WO2017068820 A1 WO 2017068820A1
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- fiber
- fibers
- fiber material
- electrode
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 366
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 366
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum non-woven fiber material for a current collector of an electricity storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor, a manufacturing method thereof, an electrode using the non-woven aluminum fiber material, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Capacitors and secondary batteries are used in various fields for the purpose of energy reduction and prevention of global warming. Especially in the automobile industry, technological development using these has been accelerated by adopting electric energy.
- the electric double layer capacitor is conventionally used for backing up a memory of an electronic circuit to which a low voltage is applied, and has a higher input / output reliability than a secondary battery.
- the structure of the electric double layer capacitor is composed of positive and negative electrode portions, an electrolyte, and a separator that prevents a short circuit between the opposing positive and negative electrode portions.
- the electrode part is made by mixing a polarizable electrode (currently mainly activated carbon), a binder for holding the activated carbon, and a conductive additive (mainly carbon fine particles and fine fibers) into an aluminum foil ( It is formed by applying several layers on a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m.
- a polarizable electrode currently mainly activated carbon
- a binder for holding the activated carbon a conductive additive (mainly carbon fine particles and fine fibers) into an aluminum foil ( It is formed by applying several layers on a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m.
- a conductive additive mainly carbon fine particles and fine fibers
- Charging of the electric double layer capacitor is performed by electrolyte ions moving through the solution and adsorbing and desorbing on the surface of the fine pores of the activated carbon.
- the electric double layer is formed at the interface between the activated carbon powder and the electrolyte.
- the particle diameter of normal activated carbon is about 4 to 8 ⁇ m as an example, and the specific surface area is 1600 to 2500 m 3 / g as an example.
- the electrolytic solution has a cation, an anion, and a solvent. Tetraethylammonium salt is used as a cation, tetrafluoroborate ion is used as an anion, and propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or the like is used as a solvent.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
- a positive electrode is a current collector of 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil, and active material powder, usually lithium cobaltate, a conductive additive as an additive, and a binder are kneaded together.
- the material is applied to a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m, and the negative electrode is obtained by applying a carbon material to a copper foil as a current collector, and these are separated by a separator such as polyethylene and immersed in an electrolytic solution.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is configured.
- Such a lithium ion secondary battery is disclosed in Patent Document 2, for example.
- Charging / discharging is performed by moving lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and during charging, when lithium ions move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, the lithium ions in the positive electrode disappear or the lithium ions cannot be stored in the negative electrode. Charging is complete. The reverse occurs when discharging.
- electric double layer capacitors are different from secondary batteries mainly consisting of lithium ion secondary batteries. They do not involve a chemical reaction, and self-discharge results in loss of charge over time, storage time is short, and current is released. The time is short.
- the lithium battery has several hundred Wh / L
- the electric double layer capacitor has several tens Wh / L.
- the electrical double layer capacitors are not being used for power storage, but are being studied for backup power sources for electrical components, starting energy for idling stop systems, brake control, power assist, and the like because of the above-described differences.
- Secondary batteries mainly lithium batteries
- problems in performance capacity, charge / discharge speed, life
- manufacturing cost there are still many problems in performance (capacity, charge / discharge speed, life) and manufacturing cost, and the problems are particularly remarkable in large batteries such as automobiles.
- the current used in a mobile phone is several mA
- the current used in a hybrid vehicle is several hundred A, and the difference between the two is 10,000 times or more. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the size in order to increase the capacity.
- problems in increasing the size such as capacity, charging speed, reliability, and difficulty in manufacturing.
- the reaction of the lithium ion secondary battery is a reversible chemical reaction, and the volume of the active material expands and contracts when the electrode is charged and discharged. Therefore, the active material peels from the current collector, and the charge / discharge characteristics are deteriorated. That is, the same charging / discharging is not always performed 100%, and the charging / discharging ability is reduced. Since batteries are used for many years in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, it is necessary to suppress separation of the current collector and the active material in order to prevent the above deterioration.
- the internal resistance is the resistance when lithium ions move in the electrolyte between the positive electrode and negative electrode inside the battery, but the main reason why this transfer resistance cannot increase the capacity or increase the charge / discharge speed It is.
- the capacity increases, but the movement resistance increases. Therefore, there is a limit to the thickness at present.
- the charge / discharge rate is slowed by the resistance.
- the coating thickness is reduced, the internal resistance is reduced and the charge / discharge rate is increased, but the capacity is reduced. For this reason, it is necessary to stack current collectors coated with an active material several times or to increase the area of the current collector coated with an active material.
- the speed of charging and discharging also depends on the amount of lithium ions generated. If many ions are created at one time and can move at once, the charge and discharge rates will increase. Since the chemical reaction of the secondary battery occurs at the interface with the electrolyte, if the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte can be increased, the charge / discharge rate is also improved.
- secondary batteries such as electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion secondary batteries, which are power storage devices, have large capacity, high output, and long life for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and high power energy devices. Efforts are being made to reduce costs and costs.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an aluminum non-woven fiber material for a current collector of a power storage device capable of improving the charge / discharge speed of the power storage device, a manufacturing method thereof,
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode using a woven fiber material and a method for producing the same.
- the method for producing an aluminum non-woven fiber material for a current collector of an electricity storage device is formed by extruding molten aluminum into a space through fine holes and extruding the aluminum.
- the method for producing an aluminum non-woven fiber material for a current collector of an electricity storage device was formed by extruding molten aluminum into a space through fine holes and extruding the aluminum.
- the ratio of the long fibers in the aluminum non-woven fiber material is increased. For this reason, when electrons are exchanged between the adsorbent powder or active material powder and each aluminum fiber, the resistance of the electrons to move to the input / output terminal provided at the end of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material is reduced. Can be small.
- the wire diameter of each aluminum fiber is small, the electron movement resistance at the contact portion between the aluminum fibers is increased depending on the contact state.
- the proportion of the long fibers is increased. The amount of aluminum fibers that cannot send electrons to the input / output terminals without other aluminum fibers is reduced.
- the aluminum short fibers can be removed by applying vibration to the aluminum fiber lump.
- the short fibers can be efficiently removed from the intertwined aluminum fiber lump.
- the aluminum fiber formed by the extrusion is dropped into the predetermined support surface by a blower or a force applying mechanism. It is also possible to apply a force in the extrusion direction. As a result, the aluminum passes more smoothly through the fine holes 42a having a small diameter, which is advantageous in efficiently producing long fibers having a small average wire diameter.
- the pressure reduction process which makes the said space a negative pressure before the said lump formation process.
- the aluminum passes more smoothly through the fine holes 42a having a small diameter, which is advantageous in efficiently producing long fibers having a small average wire diameter.
- the aluminum is extruded downward through the fine holes to form the aluminum fibers, and the support surface is moved in a predetermined transport direction.
- a lump of aluminum fibers is formed on the support surface by dropping the formed aluminum fiber onto the support surface. It is also possible. This increases the number of contacts between adjacent aluminum fibers, which is advantageous in reducing the resistance to movement of electrons between the active material powder or adsorbent powder and the input / output terminals.
- An aluminum non-woven fiber material for a current collector of an electricity storage device includes an aluminum non-woven fiber material having an average fiber diameter of aluminum fibers of 100 ⁇ m or less, and the aluminum non-woven fiber material The number of ends of aluminum fibers appearing on one and other surfaces in the thickness direction is 5 or less per square centimeter on average.
- the number of end portions of aluminum fibers appearing on one and other surfaces in the thickness direction is small, and the proportion of long fibers in the aluminum non-woven fiber material is increased accordingly. For this reason, when electrons are exchanged between the adsorbent powder or active material powder and each aluminum fiber, the resistance of the electrons to move to the input / output terminal provided at the end of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material is reduced. Can be small.
- the aluminum fiber so as to have a portion.
- the adsorbent powder or the active material powder is disposed in the concave portion of each aluminum fiber, the adsorbent powder or the active material powder is difficult to move with respect to each aluminum fiber in the aluminum non-woven fiber material. This is advantageous in maintaining the contact between the material powder or the active material powder and each aluminum fiber over a long period of time.
- a method for producing an electrode of an electricity storage device is a liquid or gel slurry containing an adsorbent powder that adsorbs electrolyte ions during charging or an active material powder that chemically reacts during charging and discharging, and a binder.
- a slurry creating step for creating the slurry an introducing step for introducing the slurry into the aluminum nonwoven fiber material produced by the above production method, and drying for drying the slurry adhering to the aluminum nonwoven fiber material after the introducing step. Process.
- a slurry creating step for creating a liquid or gel slurry containing adsorbent powder, a binder, a conductive aid, etc., and the slurry is introduced into the aluminum nonwoven fiber material produced by the above production method.
- a slurry creating step for creating a liquid or gel slurry containing an active material (titanium oxide, etc.), a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and the like,
- the ratio of long fibers in the aluminum nonwoven fiber material is high as in the above aspect. For this reason, by drying the slurry, a large amount of adsorbent powder or active material powder comes into contact with each aluminum fiber of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material, and electrons are transferred between the adsorbent powder or active material powder and each aluminum fiber. When this is performed, the resistance of the electrons to move to the input / output terminal provided at the end of the aluminum nonwoven fabric can be reduced.
- a plurality of aluminum nonwoven fiber materials into which the slurry has been introduced are laminated, and the slurry introduced into each aluminum nonwoven fiber material in the laminated state is dried, whereby 1 It is also possible to produce one electrode. If it does in this way, since each aluminum nonwoven fiber material can be made thin, it will become possible to introduce slurry into each aluminum nonwoven fiber material easily and reliably.
- the said 4th aspect WHEREIN It is also possible to further perform the pressurization process which pressurizes the said aluminum nonwoven fabric material after the said introduction process or the said drying process. In this case, the gap between the aluminum fibers in the aluminum nonwoven fiber material is reduced by pressurization. For this reason, it becomes difficult for the adsorbent powder or active material powder introduced into the aluminum non-woven fiber material to come out from the inside of the aluminum non-woven fiber material, and contact between the adsorbent powder or active material powder and each aluminum fiber is prevented. It is advantageous in maintaining for a long time.
- the slurry containing the adsorbent powder or the active material powder, the binder, and carbon fibers having an average thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or less may be prepared. Is possible. In this way, for example, even when the adsorbent powder and the aluminum fiber are not in direct contact, the adsorbent powder and the aluminum fiber are electrically connected via the carbon fiber. Further, even when the adsorbent powder and the aluminum fiber are in direct contact, the electrical resistance between the adsorbent powder and the aluminum fiber is further reduced due to the connection by the carbon fiber.
- the electrode of the electricity storage device comprises the aluminum nonwoven fiber material, an adsorbent powder that is held by the binder on the aluminum nonwoven fiber material and adsorbs electrolyte ions during charging, or a chemical reaction during charging. Active material powder.
- the ratio of long fibers in the aluminum nonwoven fiber material is high as in the above aspect. For this reason, most of the adsorbent powder or active material powder held by the binder comes into contact with each aluminum fiber of the aluminum non-woven fiber material, and electrons are exchanged between the adsorbent powder or active material powder and each aluminum fiber. When performed, it is possible to reduce the resistance of the electrons moving to the input / output terminals provided at the ends of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material.
- the said aluminum nonwoven fabric material has at least 1 part which is contacting so that two said aluminum fibers may cross
- the fifth aspect may further include carbon fibers that are held by the aluminum nonwoven fiber material and that reduce electrical resistance between the adsorbent powder or the active material powder and the aluminum nonwoven fiber material. good. If comprised in this way, the electrical resistance between adsorption material powder or active material powder, and aluminum fiber can be reduced, and it is advantageous when reducing the resistance to which an electron moves to an input-output terminal.
- an electrode in which a plurality of the aluminum non-woven fiber materials respectively holding the adsorbent powder or the active material powder is laminated may be used. If comprised in this way, since each aluminum non-woven fiber material can be made thin, introduction
- the charge / discharge speed of the electricity storage device can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an aluminum fiber lump forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is principal part sectional drawing of the bending pipe
- this electrode includes an aluminum nonwoven fiber material 10 having an average fiber diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less and an active material that is held by binder B on the aluminum nonwoven fiber material 10 and chemically reacts during charge and discharge.
- the material powder 20 is provided, and the conductive auxiliary agent 30 held by the binder B is provided on the aluminum nonwoven fabric material 10 as necessary.
- the aluminum nonwoven fiber material 10 it is also possible to cause the aluminum nonwoven fiber material 10 to hold an adsorbent powder that adsorbs electrolyte ions during charging, instead of the active material powder 20.
- molten aluminum is prepared in a sealed container 40 made of ceramic, stainless steel, or the like, into which a rear portion of a bent tube 41 having a bent tip is inserted, and the distal end of the bent tube 41 is sealed container 40.
- the pressure in the sealed container 40 is increased by injecting air or an inert gas from the gas introduction pipe 40a in a state where it is outside, the molten aluminum rises from the rear part of the bent pipe 41 and the tip part. To reach.
- the aluminum it is preferable to use a material having a purity of 99.9% or more for easy processing, and it is more preferable to use a material having a purity of 99.99% or more for easy processing. Alloys with other metals are also possible.
- the space may be filled with air, may be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen, or may be filled with other gases.
- the nozzle 42 is arranged so that aluminum blows out in a substantially horizontal direction.
- the aluminum coming out of the fine holes 42a of the nozzle 42 is cooled while flying laterally in the space to become aluminum fibers.
- the exit side hole 42b of each micro hole 42a inclines diagonally upward several degrees toward the blowing direction, it is possible to make the air suspension time of the aluminum fiber longer. Can do.
- the inlet side hole 42c of each micro hole 42a has a tapered shape whose diameter gradually decreases toward the outlet side. For this reason, the molten aluminum flows smoothly into the outlet-side hole 42b, which is advantageous in reducing the tearing of the aluminum fibers after being blown out.
- the outlet side holes 42b of the respective micro holes 42a of the nozzle 42 are inclined obliquely upward by several degrees toward the blowing direction, so the position where the aluminum fibers fall is the direction of blowing aluminum (FIG. 1). 2 and in the left-right direction in FIG. 2), the aluminum fibers are prevented from being perfectly oriented in the aluminum fiber lump.
- the aluminum melted as described above is blown out of the nozzle 42 to form a lump of aluminum fibers having an average wire diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less. If the nozzle 42 is replaced with one having fine holes 42a having other hole diameters, a mass of aluminum fibers having other average wire diameters can be formed.
- the short fiber removal process is performed on the aluminum fiber lump formed as described above as shown in FIG.
- an aluminum lump formed on the belt conveyor 43 is placed on a plate 44 having a plurality of holes 44a, or is passed through the plate 44.
- a relatively short fiber in the aluminum fiber lump is dropped from the hole 44 a of the plate 44 by applying a vibration in the vertical direction with a vibration applying device such as 45.
- the length of the fiber dropped from the hole 44a can be adjusted by adjusting the size and shape of the hole 44a, the direction, size, frequency, etc. of the vibration to be applied. In this embodiment, this is performed to remove short fibers of 5 mm or less, but some short fibers of 5 mm or less may remain in the aluminum fiber lump. On the other hand, short fibers exceeding 5 mm may be removed, and some long fibers may be removed together with the short fibers. However, the object of removing and reducing short fibers having a predetermined length (for example, 5 mm) or less is achieved. At this time, it is possible to remove and reduce aluminum particles formed by dripping aluminum from the fine holes 42a of the nozzle 42 without forming fibers.
- the length of the short fiber to be removed is preferably 3 cm or less, and more preferably 5 cm or less.
- short fibers tend to fall from the holes 44a due to the vibration because there are few contacts and engagement with other fibers in the lump of aluminum fibers.
- an aluminum fiber lump is placed on the net or passed over the net, and the net is vibrated at this time, and relatively short fibers in the aluminum fiber lump are meshed. It is also possible to drop from the hole. It is also possible to remove relatively short fibers in the aluminum fiber mass by blowing air from the compressed air tank to the aluminum fiber mass with or instead of the vibration. It is also possible to remove relatively short fibers in the mass.
- the aluminum fiber lump subjected to the short fiber removal treatment is used as it is as the aluminum non-woven fiber material for the current collector of the electrode
- the aluminum fiber lump subjected to the short fiber removal treatment is formed by pressing with a pair of rollers.
- the applied pressure can be appropriately changed according to the target shape and characteristics of the current collector and the electrode.
- the number of ends of aluminum fibers appearing on one and other surfaces in the thickness direction is an average value of 5 or less per square centimeter Preferably there is. If comprised in this way, the ratio of the long fiber in an aluminum nonwoven fiber material will become high, and the resistance which an electron will move to the input-output terminal provided in the edge etc. of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material can be made small. .
- the number of ends of aluminum fibers appearing on one and the other surfaces in the thickness direction of the aluminum non-woven fiber material should be as small as possible, more preferably not more than 3 per square centimeter. Preferably, it is 1 or less.
- the formed aluminum non-woven fiber material is cut into a predetermined size for an electrode.
- an aluminum non-woven fiber material is moved in the longitudinal direction by a belt conveyor or the like, and is rotated by a disk-shaped cutter arranged at a predetermined position in the width direction of the aluminum non-woven fiber material.
- the aluminum nonwoven fiber material is cut in its longitudinal direction.
- a liquid or gel slurry containing the active material powder 20 that chemically reacts during charging, the conductive additive 30 and the binder B is prepared.
- the slurry is prepared by kneading a mixture of the active material powder 20, the conductive additive 30, and the binder B.
- the slurry is introduce
- the introduction of the slurry into the aluminum non-woven fiber material is not limited to the introduction of the slurry into all the numerous gaps or recesses existing between adjacent aluminum of the aluminum non-woven fiber material. It also means putting the slurry only in a part of the recess.
- the drying process which dries the aluminum nonwoven fabric material in which the slurry was introduce
- the binder B in a slurry is hardened and the active material powder 20 and the conductive support agent 30 in a slurry are hold
- the pressurization process which pressurizes the aluminum nonwoven fabric material after a drying process is performed.
- the pressurizing process is performed after the drying process, but the pressurizing process may be performed before the drying process.
- the holding force for holding the active material powder 20 may decrease due to the pressure after drying. For this reason, when using such a binder B, the holding power fall of the binder B can be prevented by performing a pressurization process before a drying process.
- the aluminum fiber lump subjected to the short fiber removal treatment is used as it is as an aluminum non-woven fiber material for a current collector, when the slurry is introduced into the aluminum non-woven fiber material, the introduction is smoother. Can be done.
- the purity is 99.9% or more, more preferably, the purity is 99.99% or more.
- the process is performed, at the portion where the aluminum fibers are in contact with each other so as to cross each other, the two intersecting aluminum fibers are deformed so as to bite each other. In other words, the aluminum fibers are flattened at the contacted portion, so that the two intersecting aluminum fibers seem to bite into each other. In this case, it is possible to reduce the movement resistance of electrons at the contact portion between the aluminum fibers, which is advantageous in reducing the resistance of the electrons moving to the input / output terminals.
- the slurry containing the carbon fiber CF powder having an average thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less. It is also possible to use. In this case, as shown in FIG. 15, when the slurry is introduced into the aluminum nonwoven fiber material, a plurality of carbon fibers CF are arranged in the gaps formed in the aluminum nonwoven fiber material. The carbon fiber CF is in contact with the aluminum fiber, the active material powder 20, the conductive additive 30, and another carbon fiber CF. In the present embodiment, carbon fibers CF having an average thickness of about 0.1 to 0.2 ⁇ m and a length of about 20 to 200 ⁇ m are used. Note that the resistivity of the carbon-based conductive additive 30 is 0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ cm, whereas the resistivity of the carbon fiber CF is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the active material powder 20 and the aluminum fiber are electrically connected via the carbon fiber CF. Further, even when the active material powder 20 and the aluminum fiber are in direct contact, the electrical resistance between the active material powder 20 and the aluminum fiber is further reduced by the connection by the carbon fiber CF. As described above, the carbon fiber CF having good conductivity can reduce the resistance of electron movement between the active material powder 20 and the aluminum fiber, which is advantageous in reducing the resistance of the electron moving to the input / output terminal. It is.
- an aluminum non-woven fiber material having a predetermined thickness used for an electrode is cut into a predetermined size and a slurry is introduced.
- a slurry is introduced into a predetermined size and a slurry is introduced.
- a plurality of aluminum nonwoven fiber materials 10 having a thickness of 1/2 or less (for example, 10 ⁇ m or less) of the predetermined thickness are formed, and each aluminum nonwoven fiber material is formed.
- the slurry is introduced into 10 and the slurry is dried, the plurality of aluminum non-woven fiber materials 10 are stacked and cut into a predetermined size, thereby creating one electrode.
- transducing a slurry may be the thing after performing the pressurization by the said roller etc., and the thing which is not performing the pressurization may be sufficient as it.
- electrical_connection member which mutually connects several aluminum non-woven fiber materials 10 by the edge part can also be provided.
- the slurry does not have to be inserted deep into the gaps in the nonwoven fiber material, and the active material slurry is applied to the aluminum fiber foil (aluminum nonwoven fiber material) 10 like a normal aluminum foil. It is possible to apply. Moreover, since the lithium ion can move in the thickness direction of the aluminum fiber foil 10 through the gap between the aluminum fiber foils 10, the electrode can be thickened in the stack of the aluminum fiber foils 10 coated with the slurry. The capacity can be increased. That is, by increasing the number of laminated aluminum fiber foils 10 to which the slurry is applied, it is possible to increase the capacity of the electrode by increasing the thickness of the electrode while improving the charge / discharge rate.
- the slurry containing the adsorbent powder to which electrolyte ions adsorb at the time of charging instead of the active material powder 20 as the slurry.
- the adsorbent powder is held in place of the active material powder 20 on each aluminum fiber of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material after the drying step.
- the average length of the carbon fibers CF is preferably at least half of the average particle diameter of the active material powder 20 or the adsorbent powder, and the average particle diameter is 2 / 3 or more is more preferable.
- the active material powder or adsorbent powder is introduced into the aluminum nonwoven fiber material, the active material powder 20, the adsorbent powder, the carbon fiber CF, etc. are physically separated by the aluminum fibers in the aluminum nonwoven fiber by the pressurizing process. It is also possible to use a slurry that does not contain the binder B.
- the active material powder is not particularly limited as long as it can be held by the binder B or the like on the aluminum non-woven fiber material as a current collector, and is preferably excellent in cycle characteristics.
- Examples of the active material include lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ) and iron phosphate-based active materials.
- the adsorbent powder used in place of the active material powder is not particularly limited as long as it can be held by the binder B or the like on the aluminum non-woven fiber material, which is a current collector, and is preferably excellent in cycle characteristics.
- adsorbent powders include polyacene (PAS), polyaniline (PAN), activated carbon, carbon black, graphite, and carbon nanotube.
- PAS polyacene
- PAN polyaniline
- activated carbon carbon black
- graphite graphite
- carbon nanotube carbon nanotube
- Active material powder and adsorbent powder are preferably pulverized using a mortar, ball mill, vibration ball mill, or the like, so that the average particle size is not more than a predetermined value.
- a predetermined value the value etc. which added 10 micrometers to the average wire diameter of an aluminum nonwoven fabric material etc. can be considered.
- the average particle diameter of the active material powder and the adsorbent powder is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- binder a thermoplastic resin, a polysaccharide polymer material, or the like can be used.
- the material of the binder include polyacrylic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and the like.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- the conductive auxiliary agent may be a conductive material, and is preferably a material that is not chemically changed by an electrolyte or a solvent.
- Examples of the conductive aid include graphite and carbon black.
- the electrode made as described above can be used as an electrode of an electricity storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery, a hybrid capacitor including a lithium ion capacitor.
- an electricity storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery, a hybrid capacitor including a lithium ion capacitor.
- it can be used for a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, can be used for a positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery as an example of a secondary battery, and can be used for a positive electrode of a lithium ion capacitor. is there.
- the application example will be described in the following embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a coin-type secondary battery using the electrode of the first embodiment.
- the coin-type secondary battery includes a case (exterior can) 100 having a case main body 102 and a lid 101, and a power storage unit housed in the case 100.
- the power storage unit includes the electrode of the first embodiment as the positive electrode 110.
- the negative electrode 120 facing the positive electrode 110 and the separator 130 disposed between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 120 are included.
- the positive electrode 110 is in surface contact with the case main body 102
- the negative electrode 120 is in surface contact with the lid 101, whereby the lid 101 and the case main body 102 function as input / output terminals of the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 120.
- the active material powder 20 is held on the aluminum nonwoven fiber material of the positive electrode 110.
- the negative electrode 120 only needs to have the structure and material of a known negative electrode of a secondary battery.
- a carbon material such as graphite is used as an active material, and a copper is used as a current collector.
- a foil is used.
- the separator 130 may be any material as long as it electrically insulates the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 120, has ion permeability, and has resistance to oxidation / reduction at the contact surface between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 120.
- a porous polymer, an inorganic material, an organic / inorganic hybrid material, glass fiber, or the like can be used.
- the case 100 containing the power storage unit is filled with an electrolytic solution.
- a lithium salt, potassium salt, sodium salt, magnesium salt, or the like can be used as the electrolyte of the electrolytic solution.
- a lithium salt is used in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous solvent is used as a solvent in which the electrolyte dissolves, and ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, carbonate ester, and the like can be used as the non-aqueous solvent.
- one surface in the thickness direction of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material of the positive electrode 110 is in contact with the case main body 102.
- the aluminum non-woven fiber material of the positive electrode 110 is filled with the active material powder 20 in the entire range from one surface in the thickness direction to the other surface, and many of the active material powders 20 are made of aluminum non-woven material. It is in contact with each aluminum fiber of the fiber material. For this reason, the distance between the aluminum fiber carrying the electrons to the input / output terminal and the active material powder 20 is reduced, which is advantageous in improving the charge / discharge rate.
- the ratio of the long fibers in the aluminum non-woven fiber material becomes high.
- the active material powder and the aluminum fiber are in direct contact with each other, or the aluminum fiber and the active material powder are arranged close to each other and are electrically connected through the conductive auxiliary agent 30 and the like. For this reason, when electrons are exchanged between the active material powder and each aluminum fiber, the resistance of the electrons to move to the input / output terminal provided at the end of the aluminum non-woven fiber material can be reduced. it can.
- the coin-type secondary battery includes a positive electrode 140 having a current collector 141 made of aluminum foil and an electrode layer 142 applied to one surface in the thickness direction of the current collector 141.
- the electrode layer 142 contains active material powder, a conductive aid, a binder, and the like. Since the coin-type secondary battery has a limited space, the amount of active material powder in the conventional coin-type secondary battery is limited by the thickness of the current collector 141. Moreover, since the electrons of the active material powder arranged on the separator 130 side move to the current collector 141 via the active material powder and the conductive auxiliary agent arranged between the current collector 141, the charge / discharge speed is increased. It is not preferable for improvement.
- the electrode structure of the first embodiment can be used for the negative electrode 120.
- the current collector of the electrode is an aluminum non-woven fiber material, and lithium titanate, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide or the like is used as the active material powder 20 instead of the carbon material.
- the electrode structure of the first embodiment has only a positive electrode, only a negative electrode, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode, similar to the coin-type secondary battery. It is possible to use both.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of an electric double layer capacitor using the electrode of the first embodiment.
- the electric double layer capacitor includes, for example, a container 200 and a power storage unit accommodated in the container 200.
- the power storage unit includes the electrode of the first embodiment as the positive electrode 210.
- a negative electrode 220 that opposes the positive electrode 210 and a separator 230 that is disposed between the positive electrode 210 and the negative electrode 220 are provided.
- a positive electrode input / output terminal 210 a is connected to the positive electrode 210, and a negative electrode input / output terminal 220 a is similarly connected to the negative electrode 220, and each input / output terminal extends to the outside of the container 200.
- the adsorbent powder is held on the aluminum nonwoven fiber material of the positive electrode 210.
- the negative electrode 220 only needs to have the structure and material of a negative electrode of a known electric double layer capacitor.
- the current collector 221 made of aluminum foil and the current collector are coated on one surface in the thickness direction.
- an electrode layer 222 contains adsorbent powder, a conductive aid, a binder, and the like.
- the separator 230 may be any material as long as it electrically insulates the positive electrode 210 and the negative electrode 220, has ion permeability, and has resistance to oxidation / reduction at the contact surface between the positive electrode 210 and the negative electrode 220.
- a porous polymer, an inorganic material, an organic / inorganic hybrid material, glass fiber, or the like can be used.
- the container 200 containing the power storage unit is filled with an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution contains a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte and the non-aqueous solvent may be any known substance used for electric double layer capacitors.
- ammonium salts and phosphonium salts can be used as the electrolyte
- cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, cyclic esters, chain esters, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, nitriles, sulfur-containing compounds, etc. can be used as non-aqueous solvents. it can.
- one end of the aluminum nonwoven fiber material of the positive electrode 210 is connected to the positive electrode input / output terminal 210a. Further, the aluminum non-woven fiber material of the positive electrode 210 is filled with the adsorbent powder in the entire range from one surface in the thickness direction to the other surface, and many adsorbent powders are made of the aluminum non-woven fiber material. In contact with each aluminum fiber. For this reason, the distance between the aluminum fiber carrying the electrons to the positive electrode input / output terminal 210a and the adsorbent powder is reduced, which is advantageous in improving the charge / discharge rate. Since the structure of the conventional positive electrode is the same as that of the negative electrode 220, it is easier to understand the advantages compared to the negative electrode 220.
- the electrode structure of the first embodiment can be used for the negative electrode 220.
- the positive electrode of the electricity storage device in which the active material powder and the adsorbent powder are arranged in the vicinity of the high purity aluminum fiber as described above. As a result, it is possible to manufacture an electricity storage device having higher capacity, less deformation resistance, and excellent charge / discharge characteristics.
- the production of aluminum foil used for ordinary capacitors and secondary batteries is made by forming a very large square column aluminum ingot called a slab, cutting it, heating it, rolling it several times, and surface treatment. Etc. are produced. This requires a great deal of energy and cost.
- the aluminum fiber used in the first embodiment can be produced by simply melting and blowing out a high-purity aluminum ingot. Further, when aluminum foil into which adsorbent powder, active material powder, conductive additive, etc. are introduced to form a foil, the press pressure can be reduced. For this reason, it becomes possible to manufacture a collector foil and a positive electrode foil easily and at low cost without requiring a large facility.
- the amount of adsorbent powder or active material powder that can contact the current collector is more linear or meshed as in the positive electrode of FIG. 7 than in the case of using the current collector as a foil as in the positive electrode of FIG. It is possible to make the adsorbent powder and the active material powder exist in a range close to the current collector. Further, when the current collector is a foil, the distance between the adsorbent powder or the active material powder and the foil is increased. Since the thickness of the electrode is often about 100 ⁇ m, in that case, the distance between the adsorbent powder or active material powder and the foil is about 100 ⁇ m. If the adsorbent powder and the active material powder can be evenly placed in the ultrafine aluminum non-woven fiber material, it is advantageous in increasing the electric capacity and decreasing the internal resistance.
- high-purity aluminum fibers are very flexible and have large voids between the fibers before being compacted.
- adsorbent powder, active material powder, conductive additive, etc. are introduced into this void and pressed, the adsorbent powder is applied to an aluminum non-woven fiber material (current collector) having a fine mesh (hole or void) of several ⁇ m, It becomes possible to form a foil in which active material powder or the like is confined.
- aluminum is blown out from the fine hole 42a of the nozzle 42 in a substantially horizontal direction.
- the nozzle 42 is disposed so as to face downward, and blown downward from the fine hole 42a of the nozzle 42. It is also possible to drop the aluminum fibers on the belt conveyor 43. Even in this case, a lump of aluminum fibers can be formed on the belt conveyor 43.
- the nozzle 42 when forming a lump of aluminum fibers having a small average wire diameter, it may be preferable to arrange the nozzle 42 so as to face downward.
- the nozzle 42 is disposed so as to face downward, and the outlet side hole 42b of the fine hole 42a is also disposed so that its axis is parallel to the vertical axis. This makes it difficult for the aluminum fibers to be entangled with each other.
- the surrounding member 46 which encloses the lower part of the nozzle 42 and the ventilation part 47 which sends the wind which goes down to the aluminum fiber which comes out from the lower part of the surrounding member 46 and falls below are provided, it will descend
- This is advantageous in efficiently producing long fibers having a small average wire diameter, for example, long fibers having an average wire diameter of several ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the air blower part 47 can also be provided in the circumferential direction several places, and it is also possible to provide the single air blower which has a ring-shaped blower outlet.
- an enclosing member 48 that encloses each aluminum fiber coming out of the fine hole 42a.
- the enclosure member 48 is attached to the lower surface of the bent tube 41 or the nozzle 42, and the enclosure member 48 is provided with a plurality of through holes 48a extending in the vertical direction so as to correspond to the fine holes 42a.
- the aluminum fibers coming out of the fine holes 42a pass through the through holes 48a.
- the enclosure member 48 includes a first block 48b attached to the lower surface of the bent pipe 41 or the nozzle 42 and a second block 48c attached to the lower surface of the first block 48b.
- a gap communicating with each through hole 48a is provided between the block 48b and the second block 48c, and an air supply path 48d for supplying air is provided in the gap.
- the plurality of aluminum fibers exiting from the nozzle 42 are each surrounded by the through holes 48a, and the air from the air supply path 48d passes through the gaps and enters the respective through holes 48a downward (in the extrusion direction of the aluminum fibers). Blow out. Thereby, a downward force is surely applied to each aluminum fiber. That is, the gap functions as a blower that supplies the downward air flow into the through hole 48a. In addition, you may comprise so that the aluminum fiber which exits from the four or less micropores 42a by one through-hole 48a may be enclosed. Even in this case, a downward force is reliably applied to each aluminum fiber.
- blower 47 it is also possible to provide a force applying mechanism for applying a downward force to the downward aluminum fiber.
- a force applying mechanism for applying a downward force to the downward aluminum fiber.
- a pair of rollers can be provided below the nozzle 42, the aluminum fibers can be lightly sandwiched by the rollers, and a downward force can be applied to the aluminum fibers by the rotation of the rollers. It is also possible to apply a downward force to the aluminum fiber by other mechanisms.
- This is advantageous in efficiently producing long fibers having a wire diameter of several ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- it is advantageous to make a negative pressure in a space in which aluminum fibers fly in a substantially horizontal direction in order to efficiently produce long fibers having an average wire diameter of several ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the aluminum fiber blown out from the nozzle 42 is reduced or prevented by evacuating the container 49 shown in FIG. 12 or filling with an inert gas such as argon gas or nitrogen gas. It is also possible to do.
- the molded aluminum fiber lump or aluminum non-woven fiber material is immersed in a chemical such as nitric acid at a concentration of about 15% by weight or caustic soda at a concentration of about 10% by weight to remove the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum fiber. It is also possible to do.
- a belt conveyor 43 as a predetermined support surface may be disposed in the container 49 shown in FIG. 12 so that the aluminum fibers blown from the nozzles 42 fall on the belt of the belt conveyor 43.
- a vibration applying mechanism 43a that vibrates the belt conveyor 43 in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the conveying direction can be provided.
- the vibration imparting mechanism 43a applies a vibration having an amplitude of, for example, several mm to several cm to the belt conveyor 43.
- the aluminum fiber is transported in the transport direction by the belt conveyor 43 in a state where the belt conveyor 43 is vibrating by the vibration applying mechanism 43a.
- the frequency is preferably about 0.1 Hz to several tens Hz.
- the number of the contacts of adjacent aluminum fibers increases. This is advantageous in reducing the resistance of electron movement between the active material powder or adsorbent material powder and the input / output terminal.
- the belt conveyor 43 is reciprocated in the transport direction, the formed aluminum fiber lump becomes thick.
- the aluminum fibers are blown downward as shown in FIGS. 11 to 12, depending on the conditions, the amount of short fibers in the aluminum non-woven fiber material is reduced without performing the short fiber removing step. It becomes possible.
- This electrode uses an aluminum non-woven fiber material having a different fiber cross-sectional shape instead of the aluminum non-woven fiber material 10 of the first embodiment, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, so that the description is omitted.
- the aluminum fiber of the aluminum nonwoven fabric material of this embodiment has an average wire diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less, and the cross-sectional shape is not circular as shown in FIGS. In this case, the average wire diameter is measured at a position where the dimension is maximum, as shown in FIGS.
- the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum fiber is arranged between three or more convex portions having an inner angle of less than 180 ° and two convex portions 180 respectively. And three or more concave portions having an inner angle of not less than °.
- the interior angle referred to here is an angle formed by two sides forming the convex portion or the concave portion and is an angle existing in the cross section.
- an electric double layer capacitor and a lithium battery that are more inexpensive, have low internal resistance, and are excellent in charge and discharge by using aluminum fiber as a current collector.
- aluminum fibers that are current collectors especially those whose cross-sectional shape is as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, active material powder, adsorbent powder, conductive additive, binder, etc. are in close contact with the fibers by pressing. Therefore, when the electrode is charged and discharged as in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, the active material powder expands and contracts, etc. It is possible to prevent the phenomenon of deterioration.
- SYMBOLS 10 Aluminum non-woven fiber material, 20 ... Active material powder, 30 ... Conductive auxiliary agent, 40 ... Sealed container, 41 ... Curved pipe, 42 ... Nozzle, 43 ... Belt conveyor, 44 ... Plate, 45 ... Exciter
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Abstract
Description
電気二重層キャパシタは、従来、低電圧が印加される電子回路のメモリのバックアップ用として使用されており、二次電池と比較して高い入出力の信頼性を有する。
因みに、通常の活性炭の粒径は、例として約4~8μm、比表面積は、例として1600~2500m3/gである。電解液は陽イオン、陰イオン、および溶媒を有し、陽イオンとしてテトラエチルアンモニウム塩、陰イオンとして四フッ化ホウ酸イオンなどが用いられ、溶媒としてプロピレンカーボネートやエチレンカーボネートなどが使用されている。
大型化の為に集電体に多くの活物質を塗布すると容量は増加するが、移動抵抗が大きくなる。その為、現在、その厚みには限界がある。また、その抵抗により充放電速度が遅くなっている。塗布厚を薄くすると内部抵抗は低減し充放電速度は速くなるが、容量が減少する。その為、何重にも活物質を塗布した集電体を重ねたり、活物質を塗布した集電体の面積を広げたりする必要が生じる。
充電や放電の速さは、リチウムイオンの発生量にも起因する。一度に多くのイオンが作り出され一度に移動できれば、充電速度や放電速度は速くなる。二次電池の化学反応は電解質との界面で起こるので、電極と電解質との接触面積を増やすことができれば、充放電速度も改善される。
本発明の第1の態様に係る蓄電デバイスの集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法は、溶融したアルミニウムを微細な孔を通して空間中に押出すと共に、押出されることにより成形されたアルミニウム繊維を所定の支持面上に落とすことにより、前記支持面上にアルミニウム繊維の塊を形成する塊形成工程と、前記アルミニウム繊維の塊から所定の長さ以下のアルミニウム短繊維を除去するための除去処理を行う短繊維除去工程と、前記短繊維除去工程後の前記アルミニウム繊維の塊を加圧して前記アルミニウム不織繊維材を成形する加圧工程とを有する。
この場合、複雑に絡み合ったアルミニウム繊維の塊から短繊維を効率良く除去することができる。
これにより、径の小さい微細孔42aをアルミニウムがより円滑に通過するようになり、平均線径が小さな長繊維を効率的に作成する上で有利である。
これにより、径の小さい微細孔42aをアルミニウムがより円滑に通過するようになり、平均線径が小さな長繊維を効率的に作成する上で有利である。
これにより、隣接するアルミニウム繊維同士の接点の数が多くなり、活物質粉や吸着物質粉と入出力端子との間の電子の移動抵抗を小さくする上で有利である。
この場合、吸着物質粉又は活物質粉が各アルミニウム繊維の凹形状部内に配置されると、アルミニウム不織繊維材内で各アルミニウム繊維に対し吸着物質粉又は活物質粉が移動し難くなり、吸着物質粉又は活物質粉と各アルミニウム繊維との接触を長期に亘って維持する上で有利である。
このようにすると、各アルミニウム不織繊維材を薄くすることができるので、各アルミニウム不織繊維材へのスラリーの導入を容易且つ確実に行うことが可能となる。
この場合、加圧によりアルミニウム不織繊維材内においてアルミニウム繊維間の隙間が小さくなる。このため、アルミニウム不織繊維材内に導入された吸着物質粉又は活物質粉がアルミニウム不織繊維材の内部から外部に出難くなり、吸着物質粉又は活物質粉と各アルミニウム繊維との接触を長期に亘って維持する上で有利である。
このようにすると、例えば、吸着物質粉とアルミニウム繊維とが直接接触していない場合でも、当該吸着物質粉とアルミニウム繊維とがカーボン繊維を介して電気的に接続される。また、吸着物質粉とアルミニウム繊維とが直接接触している場合でも、カーボン繊維による接続があることによって、当該吸着物質粉とアルミニウム繊維との間の電気抵抗が更に低減される。
この場合、アルミニウム繊維同士の接触部における電子の移動抵抗を低減することができ、電子が入出力端子に移動する抵抗を小さくする上で有利である。
このように構成すると、吸着物質粉又は活物質粉とアルミニウム繊維との間の電気抵抗を低減することができ、電子が入出力端子に移動する抵抗を小さくする上で有利である。
このように構成すると、各アルミニウム不織繊維材を薄くすることができるので、各アルミニウム不織繊維材へのスラリーの導入が容易且つ確実に行われるようになる。
この電極は、図6に示すように、アルミニウム繊維の平均線径が100μm以下であるアルミニウム不織繊維材10と、アルミニウム不織繊維材10にバインダーBにより保持されて充放電時に化学反応する活物質粉20とを備え、必要に応じてアルミニウム不織繊維材10にバインダーBにより保持された導電助剤30を備えている。図6においてアルミニウム不織繊維材10に、活物質粉20の代わりに、充電時に電解質イオンが吸着する吸着物質粉を保持させることも可能である。
例えば図1に示すように、セラミック、ステンレス等から成り先端が曲がった曲がり管41の後方部が挿入された密閉容器40内に溶融したアルミニウムを準備し、曲がり管41の先端部が密閉容器40の外に出ている状態で、空気もしくは不活性ガスなどをガス導入管40aから注入して密閉容器内40の圧力を上げると、溶けたアルミニウムが曲がり管41の後方部から上昇して先端部に到達する。曲がり管41の先端の開口部41aに数μm~数mmの孔径、好ましくは数μm~数十μmの孔径の複数の微細孔42aを有するノズル42をセットしておくと、溶けたアルミニウムが微細孔42aから空間中に吹き出す。このアルミニウムとして、純度が99.9%以上のものを用いることが加工を容易にする上で好ましく、純度が99.99%以上のものを用いることが加工を容易にする上でより好ましいが、その他の金属との合金とすることも可能である。前記空間は空気で満たされていても良く、窒素等の不活性ガスで満たされていても良く、その他のガスで満たされていても良い。
ここで、本実施形態ではノズル42の各微細孔42aの出口側孔42bが吹き出し方向に向かって斜め上方に数度だけ傾斜しているので、アルミニウム繊維が落ちる位置がアルミニウムの吹き出し方向(図1および図2の左右方向)にランダムに変化し、アルミニウム繊維の塊中でアルミニウムの繊維が完全に配向することが防がれる。
本実施形態では、前述のように溶融したアルミニウムをノズル42から吹き出すことにより、平均線径が50μmやそれ以下であるアルミニウム繊維の塊を形成する。なお、ノズル42を他の孔径の微細孔42aを有するものに交換すると、他の平均線径のアルミニウム繊維の塊を成形することができる。
先ず、成形したアルミニウム不織繊維材を電極用に所定の大きさに切断する。例えば、切断工程の一部において、アルミニウム不織繊維材をその長手方向にベルトコンベア等で移動させながら、アルミニウム不織繊維材の幅方向の所定位置に配置され回転している円盤状のカッターにより、アルミニウム不織繊維材をその長手方向に切断する。
そして、所定の大きさに切断されたアルミニウム不織繊維材をスラリーに浸漬することにより、アルミニウム不織繊維材内にスラリーを導入する。スラリーをアルミニウム不織繊維材に塗布することによりアルミニウム不織繊維材内にスラリーを導入することも可能である。なお、アルミニウム不織繊維材内にスラリーを導入するとは、アルミニウム不織繊維材の隣り合うアルミニウムの間に存在する多数の隙間や凹部の全てにスラリーを入れることだけではなく、該多数の隙間又は凹部の一部にだけスラリーを入れることも意味する。
続いて、乾燥工程後のアルミニウム不織繊維材を加圧する加圧工程を行う。加圧工程としては、アルミニウム不織繊維材を一対のローラ間に通す処理、アルミニウム不織繊維材を一対の平面で挟む処理、又は型によってアルミニウム不織繊維材を加圧する処理等を行うことが可能である。
一方、短繊維除去処理を行ったアルミニウム繊維の塊をそのまま集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材として用いる場合、前記スラリーをアルミニウム不織繊維材内に導入する際に、その導入をより円滑に行うことが可能となる。
このように、導電性が良いカーボン繊維CFにより、活物質粉20とアルミニウム繊維との間の電子の移動抵抗を低減することができ、電子が入出力端子に移動する抵抗を小さくする上で有利である。
なお、電気抵抗の低減を効率的に行うために、カーボン繊維CFの平均長さは、活物質粉20や吸着物質粉の平均粒径の半分以上であることが好ましく、当該平均粒径の2/3以上であることがより好ましい。
また、活物質粉や吸着物質粉をアルミニウム不織繊維材内に導入した後に、加圧工程によってアルミニウム不織繊維内のアルミニウム繊維によって活物質粉20、吸着物質粉、カーボン繊維CF等が物理的に保持される場合、バインダーBを入れないスラリーを用いることも可能である。
上記活物質粉としては、バインダーB等によって集電体であるアルミニウム不織繊維材に保持できるものであれば良く、サイクル特性に優れたものが好ましい。活物質の例としては、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)やリン酸鉄系の活物質が挙げられる。なお、二次電池の電極、特に正極に用いられる公知の活物質を使用することが可能である。
活物質粉の代わりに用いる上記吸着物質粉としては、バインダーB等によって集電体であるアルミニウム不織繊維材に保持できるものであれば良く、サイクル特性に優れたものが好ましい。吸着物質粉の例としてはポリアセン(PAS)、ポリアニリン(PAN)、活性炭、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、カーボンナノチューブ等が挙げられる。なお、電気二重層キャパシタの電極、特に正極に用いられる公知の物質を用いることが可能である。
上記バインダーとしては、熱可塑性樹脂や多糖類高分子材料等を用いることが可能である。バインダーの材質の例としては、ポリアクリル系樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、フッ化ビニリデン(VdF)とヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)との共重合体等が挙げられる。なお、二次電池や電気二重層キャパシタの電極に用いられる公知のバインダーを用いることが可能である。
上記導電助剤としては、導電性を有する材質であれば良く、電解質や溶媒によって化学変化しない材質であることが好ましい。導電助剤の例としては、黒鉛やカーボンブラックが挙げられる。なお、二次電池や電気二重層キャパシタの電極に用いられる公知の導電助剤を用いることが可能である。
図7に前記第1実施形態の電極を用いたコイン型二次電池の一例を示す。このコイン型二次電池は、ケース本体102と蓋101とを有するケース(外装缶)100と、ケース100に収容された蓄電部とを備えている。蓄電部は、正極110として前記第1実施形態の電極を備えている。また、正極110と対抗する負極120と、正極110と負極120との間に配置されたセパレータ130とを有する。正極110がケース本体102に面接触し、負極120が蓋101に面接触し、これにより、蓋101およびケース本体102が正極110および負極120の入出力端子として機能する。
正極、負極およびセパレータから成る蓄電部を複数層に積層する二次電池の場合も、前記コイン型二次電池と同様に前記第1実施形態の電極構造を正極のみ、負極のみ、および正極と負極の両方に用いることが可能である。
図9に前記第1実施形態の電極を用いた電気二重層キャパシタの一例を示す。この電気二重層キャパシタは、例えば容器200と、容器200に収容された蓄電部とを備えている。蓄電部は、正極210として前記第1実施形態の電極を備えている。また、正極210と対抗する負極220と、正極210と負極220との間に配置されたセパレータ230とを有する。正極210には正極入出力端子210aが接続され、負極220にも同様に負極入出力端子220aが接続され、各入出力端子は容器200の外まで延びている。
なお、前記電気二重層キャパシタにおいて、負極220に前記第1実施形態の電極の構造を用いることも可能である。
尚、1つの貫通孔48aによって4つ以下の微細孔42aから出るアルミニウム繊維が囲われるように構成しても良い。この場合であっても、各アルミニウム繊維に対して確実に下方に向かう力が加わる。
尚、図1のようにアルミニウム繊維が略水平方向に向かって飛ぶ場合でも、当該略水平方向に向かって飛ぶアルミニウム繊維に水平方向の引張力を付与する送風機や力付与機構を設けることは、平均線径が数μmから50μmの長繊維を効率的に作成する上で有利である。また、アルミニウム繊維が略水平方向に向かって飛ぶ空間を負圧とすることも、平均線径が数μmから50μmの長繊維を効率的に作成する上で有利である。
この電極は、第1実施形態のアルミニウム不織繊維材10の代わりに繊維断面形状が異なるアルミニウム不織繊維材を用いるものであり、その他の構成は第1実施形態と同じであるため説明を割愛する。
本実施形態のアルミニウム不織繊維材のアルミニウム繊維は、平均線径が100μm以下であり、図13、図14等に示すように断面形状が円形状ではない。この場合の平均線径は、図13および図14に示すように、寸法が最大となる位置で測定されるものである。
この場合、吸着物質粉又は活物質粉が各アルミニウム繊維の凹形状部内に配置されると、アルミニウム不織繊維材内で各アルミニウム繊維に対し吸着物質粉又は活物質粉が移動し難くなり、吸着物質粉又は活物質粉と各アルミニウム繊維との接触を長期に亘って維持する上で有利である。
Claims (18)
- 蓄電デバイスの集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法であって、
溶融したアルミニウムを微細な孔を通して空間中に押出すと共に、押出されることにより成形されたアルミニウム繊維を所定の支持面上に落とすことにより、前記支持面上にアルミニウム繊維の塊を形成する塊形成工程と、
前記アルミニウム繊維の塊から所定の長さ以下のアルミニウム短繊維を除去するための除去処理を行う短繊維除去工程と、
前記短繊維除去工程後の前記アルミニウム繊維の塊を加圧して前記アルミニウム不織繊維材を成形する加圧工程と
を有する集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。 - 蓄電デバイスの集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法であって、
溶融したアルミニウムを微細な孔を通して空間中に押出すと共に、押出されることにより成形されたアルミニウム繊維を所定の支持面上に落とすことにより、前記支持面上にアルミニウム繊維の塊を形成する塊形成工程と、
前記アルミニウム繊維の塊から所定の長さ以下のアルミニウム短繊維を除去するための除去処理を行うことにより、前記アルミニウム繊維の塊を前記集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材にする短繊維除去工程と
を有する集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。 - 前記除去処理では、前記アルミニウム繊維の塊に振動を加えることにより前記アルミニウム短繊維を除去する請求項1又は2記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。
- 前記塊形成工程では、前記押出されることにより成形されたアルミニウム繊維に、送風機又は力付与機構により、前記所定の支持面上に落ちるまでの間に当該アルミニウム繊維の押出方向に力を付与する請求項1~3の何れかに記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。
- 前記塊形成工程の前に前記空間を負圧とする圧低減工程を有する請求項1~4の何れかに記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。
- 前記塊形成工程では、前記アルミニウムを前記微細な孔を通して下方に向かって押出して前記アルミニウム繊維を成形し、また、前記支持面を所定の搬送方向に移動させながら、前記支持面に前記搬送方向と直交する方向に振動を加えている状態で、前記成形されたアルミニウム繊維を前記支持面上に落とすことにより、前記支持面上に前記アルミニウム繊維の塊を形成する請求項1~5の何れかに記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウムとして純度が99.9%以上のアルミニウムを用いる請求項1~6の何れかに記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材の製造方法。
- アルミニウム繊維の平均線径が100μm以下であるアルミニウム不織繊維材を備え、
前記アルミニウム不織繊維材の厚さ方向一方および他方の面にあらわれるアルミニウム繊維の端部の数が、平均値で、1平方センチメートル当り5以下である蓄電デバイスの集電体用のアルミニウム不織繊維材。 - 前記アルミニウム繊維の断面形状が、3つ以上の凸形状部と、各々2つの前記凸形状部の間に配置された3つ以上の凹形状部とを有する請求項8に記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材。
- 前記アルミニウム繊維は純度が99.9%以上のアルミニウムから成る請求項8又は9記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材。
- 充電時に電解質イオンが吸着する吸着物質粉又は充電時に化学反応する活物質粉と、バインダーとを含む液状又はゲル状のスラリーを作成するスラリー作成工程と、
前記スラリーを請求項1~7記載の製造方法で製造したアルミニウム不織繊維材内に導入する導入工程と、
前記導入工程の後に前記アルミニウム不織繊維材に付着した前記スラリーを乾燥させる乾燥工程とを有する蓄電デバイスの電極の製造方法。 - 充電時に電解質イオンが吸着する吸着物質粉又は充電時に化学反応する活物質粉と、バインダーとを含む液状又はゲル状のスラリーを作成するスラリー作成工程と、
前記スラリーを請求項1~7記載の製造方法で製造したアルミニウム不織繊維材内に導入する導入工程と、
前記導入工程で前記スラリーを導入した複数のアルミニウム不織繊維材を積層する積層工程と、
前記各アルミニウム不織繊維材に付着した前記スラリーを乾燥させる乾燥工程とを有する蓄電デバイスの電極の製造方法。 - 前記導入工程又は前記乾燥工程の後に前記アルミニウム不織繊維材を加圧する加圧工程をさらに有する請求項11又は12に記載の電極の製造方法。
- 前記スラリー作成工程では、前記吸着物質粉又は前記活物質粉と、前記バインダーと、平均太さが0.5μm以下であるカーボン繊維とを含む前記スラリーを作成する請求項11~13の何れかに記載の電極の製造方法。
- 請求項8~10の何れかに記載のアルミニウム不織繊維材と、
前記アルミニウム不織繊維材に保持され、充電時に電解質イオンが吸着する吸着物質粉又は充電時に化学反応する活物質粉とを備えた蓄電デバイスの電極。 - 前記アルミニウム不織繊維材が、2本の前記アルミニウム繊維が交差するように接触している部分を少なくとも1箇所有し、該交差部分において前記2本のアルミニウム繊維が互いに食い込んでいる請求項15に記載の電極。
- 前記アルミニウム不織繊維材に保持され、前記吸着物質粉又は前記活物質粉と前記アルミニウム不織繊維材との間の電気抵抗を低減するカーボン繊維をさらに備えた請求項15又は16に記載の電極。
- 前記吸着物質粉又は前記活物質粉をそれぞれ保持する前記アルミニウム不織繊維材が複数積層されている請求項15又は16に記載の電極。
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