WO2016063543A1 - 流体システム - Google Patents
流体システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016063543A1 WO2016063543A1 PCT/JP2015/005343 JP2015005343W WO2016063543A1 WO 2016063543 A1 WO2016063543 A1 WO 2016063543A1 JP 2015005343 W JP2015005343 W JP 2015005343W WO 2016063543 A1 WO2016063543 A1 WO 2016063543A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow rate
- fluid
- control device
- machine
- rotating electrical
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/08—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/08—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow
- F03B15/12—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by speed, e.g. by measuring electric frequency or liquid flow with retroactive action
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
- F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
- F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
- F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
- F03B15/16—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/0004—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P23/0031—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control implementing a off line learning phase to determine and store useful data for on-line control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/40—Regulating or controlling the amount of current drawn or delivered by the motor for controlling the mechanical load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/20—Application within closed fluid conduits, e.g. pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/301—Pressure
- F05B2270/3015—Pressure differential
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/327—Rotor or generator speeds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/335—Output power or torque
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid system.
- a bypass pipe (detour) is connected in parallel, and a flow rate control valve provided in the bypass pipe is controlled to keep the flow rate on the supplied water side constant.
- Some are controlled (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a flow rate detector (flow meter) is provided on the supplied water side, and the rotational speed of the water turbine is controlled based on the flow rate detected by the flow meter.
- the flow meter is expensive, which increases the cost of the system. Further, since a relatively long straight pipe portion is required for the flow meter to exhibit a predetermined accuracy, the installation space tends to be large and the construction cost may increase.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above problem, and it is an object of the present invention to be able to control the total flow rate without using a flow meter in a fluid system having a bypass.
- the first aspect is: A fluid machine (W) installed in a pipeline system (1) through which a fluid flows with a head; A rotating electrical machine (G) connected to a rotating shaft (9) of the fluid machine (W); A flow control valve (6) provided in the middle of a bypass (5) connected in parallel with the fluid machine (W), Based on the above-described characteristics relating to the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) in the fluid machine (W), which are detectable characteristics related to the rotating electrical machine (G), the fluid machine (W) Estimating the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H), and the flow resistance characteristic line (S) showing the relationship between the effective head (H) and the total flow rate (QT) in the pipeline system (1) The total flow rate (QT) in the pipeline system (1) is estimated based on the estimated flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H), and the estimated value of the total flow rate (QT) is A control device (20) for cooperatively controlling the fluid machine (W) and the flow rate adjusting valve (6) so
- the fluid machine (W) and the flow rate adjustment are adjusted so that the fluid machine (W) and the flow rate adjustment valve (6) are closer to their target flow rate (QT * ).
- the valve (6) is cooperatively controlled.
- the second aspect is the first aspect
- the control device (20) acquires the total flow rate (QT) and the effective head (H) at a plurality of operating points of the rotating electrical machine (G), and constructs the flow resistance characteristic line (S). It is characterized by.
- control device (20) has a function of constructing the flow resistance characteristic line (S).
- the third aspect is the second aspect,
- the control device (20) has a function of updating the constructed flow resistance characteristic line (S).
- control device (20) has a function of updating the flow resistance characteristic line (S).
- the fourth aspect is any one of the first to third aspects.
- the control device (20) repeats the cooperative control so that the estimated value converges to the target flow rate (QT * ).
- the estimated value converges to the target flow rate (QT * ).
- the fifth aspect is any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- the control device (20) includes an operating state in which a maximum amount of power is generated as a fluid system using the rotating electrical machine (G) as a generator, an operating state in which the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine (G) is maximized, and the fluid
- the cooperative control is performed so that the operation state is one of the operation states in which the efficiency of the machine (W) is maximized.
- the fluid machine (W) and the flow rate adjustment valve (6) are cooperatively controlled so as to achieve a highly efficient operation state.
- the total flow rate in the fluid system having a bypass, can be controlled without using a flow meter. Therefore, cost reduction and space saving can be expected as compared with the control of the total flow rate using a flow meter.
- the flow resistance characteristic line can be easily constructed.
- the flow resistance characteristic line is appropriately updated, it is possible to maintain the flow rate estimation accuracy with high accuracy.
- the fluid system can be efficiently operated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an entire configuration of a pipeline system including a fluid system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a control system and a power supply interconnection of the rotating electrical machine of the fluid system.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a characteristic map stored in advance in a control device provided in the fluid system.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the optimum operation control device provided in the control device.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining system loss curve construction and cooperative control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing how the system loss curve is measured.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state of cooperative operation between the water wheel of the fluid system and the flow rate adjustment valve on the characteristic map. It is a flowchart explaining the construction and cooperative control of a system loss curve according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall schematic configuration of a pipeline system (1) including a fluid system (A) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a water (fluid) storage tank (2) is disposed at the upstream end of the pipeline system (1), and a water receiving tank (3) is disposed at the downstream end.
- the water wheel (W) of the fluid system (A) is arranged in the middle of the pipeline system (1). That is, the pipe line system (1) has a drop and fluid flows, and the water turbine (W) is an example of the fluid machine of the present invention.
- a rotating electric machine (G) is connected to the rotating shaft (9) of the water wheel (W).
- a bypass (5) that bypasses the water turbine (W) is connected to the pipeline system (1), and an electromagnetic flow regulating valve (6) is disposed in the middle of the bypass (5). . That is, the flow regulating valve (6) is connected to the pipe system (1) in parallel with the water turbine (W). For example, the amount of water to be supplied from the storage tank (2) to the pipe system (1) Open control is performed when the maximum processing flow rate of W) is exceeded, and part of the water volume from the storage tank (2) is routed to the pipeline (1) downstream of the water turbine (W) via the detour (5) Used to return.
- the drop from the water level of the storage tank (2) to the water level of the receiving tank (3) is the total drop (Ho)
- the water in the storage tank (2) is the pipeline system
- the head which is obtained by subtracting the head corresponding to the pipe resistance from 1) through the water tank (3) from the total head (Ho), is the effective head (H) at the water turbine (W).
- FIG. 2 shows the control system and power supply interconnection of the rotating electrical machine (G).
- the rotating electrical machine (G) is a generator, and the power generation output is converted into a DC output by the converter unit (13) and then smoothed by the smoothing capacitor (12). ) And returned to the power supply (10).
- a control device (20) is provided in the control system.
- the control device (20) controls the operating state of the rotating electrical machine (G) via the converter unit (13).
- the control device (20) has a memory device storing a microcomputer and a program for operating the microcomputer, and a characteristic map (M) shown in FIG. 3 is stored therein in advance.
- This characteristic map (M) is based on the HQ map with the vertical axis representing the effective head (H) of the pipeline system (1) and the horizontal axis representing the flow rate (Q) supplied to the water turbine (W). The characteristic which can be detected in the machine (G) and correlates with the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) in the water turbine (W) is recorded.
- the characteristics correlating with the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) are the torque value (T), the rotation speed, and the power generation (P) of the rotating electrical machine (G). More specifically, the characteristic map (M) of this embodiment is obtained by recording a plurality of equal torque curves and a plurality of constant velocity curves on the HQ map. It is stored in the memory device constituting the control device (20) in the form of a mathematical expression (function).
- a curve (E) connecting the vertices of the plurality of equal power generation curves is a maximum power generation curve in which the rotating electric machine (G) obtains the maximum power generation as a generator.
- the characteristic map (M) in which the torque value (T), rotational speed (N), and power generation (P) of the rotating electrical machine (G) are recorded on the HQ map is connected to the fluid system (A). It is unrelated to the pipeline system (1) and is a characteristic map specific to the fluid system (A).
- This system loss curve (S) is a flow resistance characteristic line specific to the pipe system (1) shown in FIG. 1.
- the effective head (H) decreases with a quadratic curve as the flow rate (Q) increases, and its curvature has a value specific to the pipe system (1) in FIG.
- the total flow rate (QT) and effective head (H) in the pipeline system (1) including the fluid system (A) correspond to points on the system loss curve (S).
- the flow rate adjustment valve (6) is fully closed and water is allowed to flow only to the water turbine (W)
- the flow rate in the water wheel (W) is reduced in the pipeline system (1) including the fluid system (A). It is the total flow rate (QT), and the point corresponding to the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) of the water turbine (W) at that time is on the system loss curve (S).
- the operating point of the water turbine (W) is on the system loss curve (S).
- the flow rate in the water turbine (W) and the flow rate in the detour (5) (that is, the flow rate in the flow control valve (6))
- the total value is the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) including the fluid system (A), and the total flow rate (QT) and the effective head (H) at that time are points on the system loss curve (S).
- the operation point of the water turbine (W) is not on the system loss curve (S).
- the measured system loss curve (S) is also stored in a memory device that constitutes the control device (20) in the form of a table (numerical table) or a mathematical expression (function) in the program.
- the control device (20) includes a speed detector (21), an optimum operation control device (22), a speed controller (23), a torque controller (24), and a current.
- a controller (25) and a selector (26) are provided.
- the speed detector (21) receives the output of the current sensor (27) that detects the output current of the rotating electrical machine (G) and the output of the current controller (25) and determines the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine (G). To detect.
- the optimum operation control device (22) Based on the rotational speed (N) detected by the speed detector (21) and the torque value (T) from the torque controller (24), the optimum operation control device (22) ) And the operation point (effective head (H) and flow rate (Q)) of the water turbine (W) on the characteristic map (M) corresponding to the torque value (T).
- the torque command value (T * ) or the rotation speed command value is calculated so that the operation point shifts to the operation point on the maximum power generation curve (E) that is the maximum power generation.
- the optimum operation control device (22) switches between speed control and torque control with a selector (26) according to the operation state.
- Fig. 4 shows the internal configuration of the optimum operation control device (22) of the control device (20).
- the optimum operation control device (22) includes a flow rate calculation unit (30), an effective head calculation unit (31), and an optimum operation command calculator (32).
- the flow rate calculation unit (30) receives the rotational speed (N) from the speed detector (21) in FIG. 2 and the torque value (T) from the torque controller (24), and receives the characteristic map ( M)
- the flow rate (Q) at the operating point of the rotating electrical machine (G) determined by these rotational speed (N) and torque value (T) is calculated.
- the effective head calculation unit (31) receives the internal calculation value of the flow rate calculation unit (30) (that is, the estimated value of the flow rate (Q)) and the rotational speed (N) from the speed detector (21), The effective head (H) at the operating point on the characteristic map (M) determined by the flow rate (Q) and the rotational speed (N) is calculated. That is, the effective head calculation unit (31) estimates the effective head (H).
- the optimum operation command calculator (32) is operated based on the flow rate (Q) calculated by the flow rate calculation unit (30) and the effective head (H) calculated by the effective head calculation unit (31).
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the construction of the system loss curve (S) and the cooperative control described later.
- the rotating electrical machine (G) has its rotational speed (N) or torque value (T) controlled by the control device (20) so that it reaches the operating point (Y) on the maximum power generation curve (E).
- Sequential search control (MPPT control, Maximum Power Point Track control) is performed (step S02).
- MPPT control the control device (20) controls the load of the rotating electrical machine (G), that is, the converter unit (13).
- the control device (20) changes the operating point while maintaining the closed state of the flow rate adjustment valve (6) (see step S03).
- the torque command value (T * ) to the torque controller (24) is first set to a predetermined value of the current torque value (To), for example, 30%, and the rotating electric machine (G) drive.
- the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) at this operating point are estimated (step S04).
- the control device (20) monitors the rotational speed (N) of the rotating electrical machine (G) detected by the speed detector (21) and the torque value (T) from the torque controller (24).
- the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) of the operating point on the characteristic map (M) determined by the information on the rotational speed (N) and torque value (T) are converted.
- the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) obtained by the conversion are stored in the memory device in the control device (20) (step S05).
- the control device (20) sequentially sets the torque command value (T * ) to the torque controller (24) to, for example, 60% value, 90% value, and 120% value of the initial torque value (To).
- the rotating electric machine (G) is operated in the same manner as described above, and the rotational speed (N) and torque value (T) of the rotating electric machine (G) in each operating state are monitored to rotate these machines. It is converted into the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) at the operating point on the characteristic map (M) determined by the information on speed (N) and torque value (T).
- the operating state of the rotating electrical machine (G) may be changed by changing the rotational speed (N) or a combination of these instead of changing the torque command value (T * ).
- control device (20) confirms whether or not information on two or more operating points necessary for constructing the system loss curve (S) has been acquired (step S06). If the required number of points is not obtained, return to step S03 to change the operating point, and based on the characteristic map (M), the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) after the operating point change To estimate.
- the control device (20) constructs a system loss curve (S) (step S07).
- a system loss curve (S) (step S07).
- the system loss curve (S) is estimated using a piping model stored in advance.
- this piping model has a characteristic that the effective head (H) decreases in proportion to the square of the flow rate (Q), that is, the square of the flow rate (Q).
- the characteristic curve is expressed by a table or a mathematical expression.
- the total head (Ho) and the piping resistance coefficient of the pipeline system (1) are estimated, and the acquired plurality of Interpolate the data between operating points to derive a new system loss curve (S) for the pipeline system (1).
- the water turbine region is actually measured by operating the water wheel (W), and the large flow rate region is measured using a mathematical formula (or numerical value) obtained based on the measurement result of the water turbine region.
- region which cannot drive a water turbine (W) can be obtained.
- the system loss curve (S) of the pipeline system (1) constructed in this way is recorded in the characteristic map (M) of FIG.
- the control device (20) stores the table or mathematical expression associated with the characteristic map (M) in the memory device in the control device (20).
- the system loss curve (S) can be constructed by acquiring data of at least two operating points.
- the operating point (torque value (T) and rotational speed (N)) of the rotating electrical machine (G) is changed a plurality of times for estimating the system loss curve (S), etc.
- the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) on the characteristic map (M) at the operating points were ascertained.
- the system loss curve (S) of the pipeline system (1) was constructed without arranging expensive flow sensors and pressure sensors in the pipeline system (1).
- the system loss curve (S) may be constructed at the time of system construction in which the fluid system (A) is installed in the pipeline system (1), or the constructed flow resistance characteristic line (S) is updated.
- the function may be provided in the control device (20), and may be appropriately updated by the control device (20) as necessary after the fluid system (A) is operated.
- steps S08 to S12 correspond to the cooperative control.
- the control may be started from any operating point (the target flow rate (QT * ) may be a value in the water turbine region or a value in the large flow region).
- the target flow rate (QT * ) may be a value in the water turbine region or a value in the large flow region.
- the rotating electric machine (G) is operated with the maximum generated power as an example.
- the flow rate adjustment valve (6) is fully closed.
- the control device (20) can estimate the flow rate (Qa) and the effective head (Ha) at this time based on the characteristic map (M).
- the flow rate (Qa) in the water turbine (W) is the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1).
- the control device (20) controls the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve (6) by a small opening degree (step width) that is set in advance, and fluid (here water ) Begins to flow (step S08). Further, the control device (20) maintains the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve (6) as it is, while operating the rotating electrical machine (G) (rotational speed (N) or torque value (T), or Both of them are sequentially searched (MPPT control) so as to be the operating point on the maximum power generation curve (E), and the convergence of the operating point is waited (step S09).
- G rotating electrical machine
- N rotational speed
- T torque value
- E maximum power generation curve
- the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) is increased, and the flow rate corresponding to the point (Pb) on the system loss curve (S) from the initial flow rate (Qa) (eg, flow rate Qb) become.
- the drop corresponding to the pipe resistance of the pipeline system (1) also increases, and the effective drop decreases from the effective drop (Ha) to the effective drop (Hb).
- the flow rate through the water turbine (W) converges from the initial flow rate (Qa) to the flow rate (Q1) (Q1 ⁇ Qa) at the operating point on the maximum power generation curve (E) corresponding to the effective head (Hb). is doing. Therefore, the flow rate that flows through the flow rate adjustment valve (6) is the difference between the current flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) (QT) and the flow rate (Q1) that flows through the water turbine (W) (Qb- Q1).
- the control device (20) estimates the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) at the operating point (step S10). Since the control device (20) can grasp the current rotational speed (N) and the torque value (T), the control device (20) can determine the water turbine (W) based on the grasped values and the characteristic map (M). The flow rate (Q1) and the effective head (Hb), that is, the operating point of the water turbine (W) are estimated (step S10). When the operating point of the water turbine (W) is obtained in this way, the control device (20), based on the effective head (Hb) and the system loss curve (S) estimated in step S10, the effective head (Hb) Qb which is the total flow rate (QT) corresponding to can be estimated (step S11).
- the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) is calculated from the flow rate (Qa) by the control device (20) controlling the water turbine (W) and the flow rate adjustment valve (6) in a coordinated manner. While increasing to the flow rate (Qb), the flow rate of the turbine (W) itself is the flow rate (Q1) corresponding to the operating point on the maximum power generation curve (E) in the turbine region (operation region of the turbine (W)). In the rotating electric machine (G), it is possible to obtain the maximum power generation with higher efficiency. That is, the control device (20) controls the rotating electrical machine (G) to an operating state where the maximum power generation amount is obtained as the fluid system (A) using the rotating electrical machine (G) as a generator.
- control device (20) compares the current total flow rate (QT) with the target flow rate (QT * ) (step S12), and the total flow rate (QT) converges to the target flow rate (QT * ) (for example, If both are equal), the process returns to step S10. Otherwise, the control device (20) further opens the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve (6) by the above minute opening (step width).
- the control is sequentially repeated, and each time the minute opening increases, the search state (MPPT) is set so that the operating state of the rotating electrical machine (G) becomes the operating point on the maximum power generation curve (E) as described above. Control) and wait for convergence of the operating point (steps S08 to S12).
- the flow rate through the flow rate adjustment valve (6) gradually increases, and the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) is changed from the flow rate (Qb) to the maximum processing flow rate (Qm) of the water turbine (W). Increase to the target flow rate (QT * ).
- the flow rate in the water turbine (W) decreases on the maximum power generation curve (E) toward the lower left in FIG.
- the control device (20) allows the water turbine to move so that the estimated value of the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) approaches the target flow rate (QT * ) of the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1).
- (W) and the flow regulating valve (6) are coordinated and controlled.
- the flow rate that flows through the flow control valve (6) is the difference between the target flow rate (QT * ) and the flow rate (QE) that flows through the water turbine (W). (QT-QE).
- the total flow rate (QT) can be controlled in the large flow rate region because the system loss curve (S) is extrapolated to this region.
- the control device (20) it is needless to say that the total flow rate (QT) in the water turbine region can be estimated by the control device (20).
- the total flow rate can be controlled without using a flow meter in a fluid system having a bypass. Therefore, compared with what controls a total flow using a flow meter, cost reduction and space saving can be anticipated.
- the total flow rate can be controlled in the water turbine region or in the large flow region.
- the water turbine (W) and the flow rate regulating valve (6) are coordinated to maintain the total flow rate (QT) of the pipeline system (1) at the target flow rate (QT * ), It becomes possible to obtain the maximum power generation possible under the total flow rate (QT). That is, highly efficient operation is possible. This highly efficient operation is possible in both the water turbine area and the large flow area. Therefore, in this embodiment, for example, when a value in the water turbine region is given as the target flow rate (QT * ) of the total flow rate (QT), the flow rate adjustment valve (6) is opened by the control device (20), for example. It is also possible to perform control so that the operation point of the water turbine (W) approaches a point on the maximum power generation curve (E).
- Embodiment 2 of the Invention >> In the second embodiment, another example of the system loss curve construction flow will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the construction of the system loss curve (S) according to the second embodiment.
- This flow includes Steps S21 to S25 and Steps S07 to S12.
- Steps S08 to S12 are the flow of the cooperative control, and are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- steps S21 to S25 and step S07 are the system loss curve (S) construction flow, and in particular, steps S21 to S25 are different from the first embodiment. Below, a flow is demonstrated centering on this difference location.
- control device (20) starts the operation of the water wheel (W) or the like with the flow rate adjustment valve (6) in a fully closed state (step S21). In this state, the control device (20) sets the operating point to an appropriate initial state (step S22). Then, the control device (20) waits for a predetermined time until the operation state at the operation point is stabilized, and then estimates the operation point (step S23).
- the rotational speed (N) of the rotating electrical machine (G) detected by the speed detector (21) and the torque value (T) from the torque controller (24) are monitored,
- the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) at the operating point on the characteristic map (M) determined by the information on the rotational speed (N) and torque value (T) are converted.
- the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) obtained by the conversion are stored in the memory device in the control device (20) (step S24).
- the control device (20) confirms whether or not the current operation point is the power generation output maximum point (step S25).
- the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) at the changed operating point are estimated.
- the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) obtained thereby are stored in the memory device (steps S23 to S24).
- the system loss curve (S) can be constructed (estimated) by acquiring data for at least two operating points, but in general, the operating point can be changed repeatedly until it converges to the maximum power generation output point. Thus, it is possible to obtain a sufficient number of data for estimating the system loss curve (S).
- the control device (20) estimates the system loss curve (S) (step S07).
- the system loss curve (S) is estimated in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the large flow rate region is extrapolated to the large flow rate region by using a mathematical formula (or a numerical value) obtained based on the measurement result of the water turbine region. Estimate the system loss curve (S) at.
- the system loss curve (S) estimated as described above can also be used for the cooperative control (steps S08 to S12). Steps S08 to S12 shown in FIG. 8 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the total flow rate can be controlled without using a flow meter. That is, this embodiment can obtain the same effect as that of the first embodiment.
- control is performed so that the operating state of the rotating electrical machine (G) reaches the maximum power generation state, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the rotating electrical machine (G) is in a predetermined operating state. It is sufficient to control.
- a characteristic map (a curve indicating the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine (G), a curve indicating the efficiency of the water turbine (W), or a curve indicating the efficiency of the converter unit (13) ( The information in M) is stored in the control device (20), and the vehicle is operated at the operating point at which the efficiency obtained from this curve is maximized.
- the operating state where the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine (G) is maximized the fluid machine (W).
- the operation state in which the efficiency of () is maximized or the operation state in which the efficiency of the converter section (13) is maximized is used.
- the system loss curve (S) with the effective head (H) on the vertical axis and the flow rate (Q) on the horizontal axis is adopted as the flow resistance characteristic line of the pipeline system (1).
- the system loss curve with the vertical axis indicating the pressure difference (effective pressure difference) before and after the turbine (W) Equivalent to system loss curve (S) with effective head (H) on the axis. That is, a system loss curve in which the vertical axis represents the pressure difference before and after the water turbine (W) and the horizontal axis represents the flow rate (Q) may be used.
- the operating point on the characteristic map (M) of the rotating electrical machine (G) is grasped by the combination of the rotational speed (N) and the torque value (T).
- a combination of (N) and generated power (P), or a combination of torque value (T) and generated power (P) may be used. That is, the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine (G) used for the characteristic map (M) are the characteristics of the rotating electrical machine (G) correlated with the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) in the water turbine (fluid machine), and If it is a detectable characteristic, it is not limited to the rotational speed (N) and the torque value (T).
- the flow rate (Q) and effective head (H) of the water turbine (W) can be correlated with the characteristics (detectable) of the rotating electrical machine (G), the fluid system (A)
- the form of the water turbine (W) and the rotating electric machine (G) to be configured is not particularly limited. For example, even when the operation of the water turbine (W) cannot be varied by the rotating electric machine (G), the flow rate (Q) and the effective head (H) can be estimated as in the above embodiment.
- control apparatus (20) controlled both the rotary electric machine (G) and the flow regulating valve (6)
- the 1st control apparatus which controls a rotary electric machine (G) And a second control device for controlling the flow rate adjusting valve (6), and the operation state of the rotating electrical machine (G) and the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve (6) are entered between the two control devices.
- the control device of the present invention may be constituted by the first and second control devices.
- the present invention is useful as a fluid system.
- a Fluid system G Rotating electrical machine W Turbine (fluid machine) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pipe line system 5 Detour 6 Flow control valve 9 Rotating shaft 20 Control apparatus
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Abstract
Description
落差を有して流体が流れる管路系(1)に設置される流体機械(W)と、
上記流体機械(W)の回転軸(9)に連結された回転電気機械(G)と、
上記流体機械(W)と並列に接続された迂回路(5)の途中に設けられた流量調整弁(6)と、
上記回転電気機械(G)に関する検出可能な特性であって、上記流体機械(W)における流量(Q)と有効落差(H)とに相関する上記特性に基づいて、上記流体機械(W)における上記流量(Q)と上記有効落差(H)とを推定するとともに、上記有効落差(H)と管路系(1)における総流量(QT)との関係を示す流動抵抗特性線(S)と、推定した上記流量(Q)と上記有効落差(H)に基づいて、上記管路系(1)における上記総流量(QT)を推定し、該総流量(QT)の推定値が上記管路系(1)における総流量(QT)の目標流量(QT*)に近づくように上記流体機械(W)と上記流量調整弁(6)とを協調制御する制御装置(20)と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
上記制御装置(20)は、上記回転電気機械(G)の複数の運転点における総流量(QT)と上記有効落差(H)を取得して、上記流動抵抗特性線(S)を構築することを特徴とする。
上記制御装置(20)は、構築した上記流動抵抗特性線(S)を更新する機能を有することを特徴とする。
上記制御装置(20)は、上記推定値が上記目標流量(QT*)に収束するように、上記協調制御を繰り返すことを特徴とする。
上記制御装置(20)は、上記回転電気機械(G)を発電機とする流体システムとして最大発電量となる運転状態、上記回転電気機械(G)の効率が最大となる運転状態、及び上記流体機械(W)の効率が最大となる運転状態の何れかの運転状態となるように、上記協調制御を行うことを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明の実施形態1の流体システム(A)を含む管路系(1)の全体概略構成を示す。同図において、管路系(1)の上流端には水(流体)の貯留槽(2)が配置され、下流端には受水槽(3)が配置されている。管路系(1)の途中には、流体システム(A)の水車(W)が配置されている。すなわち、管路系(1)は、落差を有して流体が流れるものであり、この水車(W)は、本発明の流体機械の一例である。この水車(W)の回転軸(9)には回転電気機械(G)が接続されている。また、管路系(1)には、水車(W)を迂回する迂回路(5)が接続され、この迂回路(5)の途中に電磁式の流量調整弁(6)が配置されている。すなわち、流量調整弁(6)は、管路系(1)に水車(W)と並列に接続されており、例えば貯留槽(2)から管路系(1)に供給すべき水量が水車(W)の最大処理流量を超えるときに開制御されて、貯留槽(2)からの水量の一部を、迂回路(5)を経て水車(W)の下流側の管路系(1)に戻すために使用する。
システムロスカーブ(S)の測定の詳細は次の通りである。図5は、システムロスカーブ(S)の構築と、後述の協調制御を説明するフローチャートである。管路系(1)の流量調整弁(6)が閉じた状態において(ステップS01参照)、回転電気機械(G)が、当初、特性マップ(M)上の水車領域内の任意の運転点、例えば、図6の特性マップ(M)上の最大発電力曲線(E)上の運転点(Y)で運転されている場合を例示して説明する(以下、この運転点(Y)を発電出力最大点とも呼ぶ)。この時、回転電気機械(G)は、制御装置(20)によって、最大発電力曲線(E)上の運転点(Y)になるように、その回転速度(N)又はトルク値(T)が逐次探索制御(MPPT制御、Maximum Power Point Track制御)されている(ステップS02)。なお、MPPT制御では、制御装置(20)は、回転電気機械(G)の負荷、すなわちコンバータ部(13)を制御する。
この流体システム(A)では、流量調整弁(6)を操作すると水車(W)の運転点が変動し、水車(W)の運転点を変更すると迂回路(5)の流量が変動することになる。そこで、この流体システム(A)では、水車(W)と流量調整弁(6)の協調制御、すなわち、水車(W)の状態と、流量調整弁(6)の状態の双方を考慮した制御が必要になる。
以上の通り、本実施形態によれば、迂回路を有した流体システムにおいて、流量計を用いなくても総流量の制御が可能になる。したがって、流量計を用いて総流量を制御するものと比べ、低コスト化と省スペース化を期待できる。また、この総流量の制御は、上記水車領域における運転でも、上記大流量領域でも可能である。
実施形態2では、システムロスカーブ構築フローの他の例を説明する。
なお、上記実施形態では、回転電気機械(G)の運転状態が最大発電量の状態になるように制御したが、本発明はこれに限定されず、回転電気機械(G)を所定の運転状態に制御すれば良い。例えば、最大発電力曲線(E)に代えて、回転電気機械(G)の効率を示す曲線、水車(W)の効率を示す曲線、或いはコンバータ部(13)の効率を示す曲線を特性マップ(M)内の情報として制御装置(20)に格納し、この曲線で求めた効率が最大となる運転点で運転するのである。すなわち、制御装置(20)によって回転電気機械(G)と流量調整弁(6)とを協調制御する場合の指標として、回転電気機械(G)の効率が最大となる運転状態、流体機械(W)の効率が最大となる運転状態、或いはコンバータ部(13)の効率が最大となる運転状態を用いるのである。
G 回転電気機械
W 水車(流体機械)
1 管路系
5 迂回路
6 流量調整弁
9 回転軸
20 制御装置
Claims (5)
- 落差を有して流体が流れる管路系(1)に設置される流体機械(W)と、
上記流体機械(W)の回転軸(9)に連結された回転電気機械(G)と、
上記流体機械(W)と並列に接続された迂回路(5)の途中に設けられた流量調整弁(6)と、
上記回転電気機械(G)に関する検出可能な特性であって、上記流体機械(W)における流量(Q)と有効落差(H)とに相関する上記特性に基づいて、上記流体機械(W)における上記流量(Q)と上記有効落差(H)とを推定するとともに、上記有効落差(H)と管路系(1)における総流量(QT)との関係を示す流動抵抗特性線(S)と、推定した上記流量(Q)と上記有効落差(H)に基づいて、上記管路系(1)における上記総流量(QT)を推定し、該総流量(QT)の推定値が上記管路系(1)における総流量(QT)の目標流量(QT*)に近づくように上記流体機械(W)と上記流量調整弁(6)とを協調制御する制御装置(20)と、
を備えたことを特徴とする流体システム。 - 請求項1において、
上記制御装置(20)は、上記回転電気機械(G)の複数の運転点における総流量(QT)と上記有効落差(H)を取得して、上記流動抵抗特性線(S)を構築することを特徴とする流体システム。 - 請求項2において、
上記制御装置(20)は、構築した上記流動抵抗特性線(S)を更新する機能を有することを特徴とする流体システム。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れかにおいて、
上記制御装置(20)は、上記推定値が上記目標流量(QT*)に収束するように、上記協調制御を繰り返すことを特徴とする流体システム。 - 請求項1から請求項4の何れかにおいて、
上記制御装置(20)は、上記回転電気機械(G)を発電機とする流体システムとして最大発電量となる運転状態、上記回転電気機械(G)の効率が最大となる運転状態、及び上記流体機械(W)の効率が最大となる運転状態の何れかの運転状態となるように、上記協調制御を行うことを特徴とする流体システム。
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JP2016118207A (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
EP3190289B1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
EP3190289A4 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
AU2015334312A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
US10352293B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
EP3190289A1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
CN107076102B (zh) | 2019-05-07 |
US20170314527A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
JP2016084814A (ja) | 2016-05-19 |
AU2015334312B2 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
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