WO2015137419A1 - 間葉系幹細胞の賦活化剤、賦活化された間葉系幹細胞およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
間葉系幹細胞の賦活化剤、賦活化された間葉系幹細胞およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mesenchymal stem cell activator, a mesenchymal stem cell activated by the activator, a production method thereof, and a medicament containing the activated mesenchymal stem cell.
- Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy which are the three major complications of diabetes, are all caused by organ damage due to microangiopathy, which is a pathological change that occurs in thin blood vessels centering on capillaries. Develops. These complications can be prevented to some extent by controlling blood glucose appropriately through diet and drug therapy, but there is no fundamental cure if the complications become severe .
- Mesenchymal stem cells are cells that can be differentiated not only into mesenchymal cells but also into various cells beyond the germ layer, and control tissue development and repair / regeneration. Known to have the ability.
- Mesenchymal stem cells are easy to culture and proliferate, can secure the number of cells that can be transplanted in a short period of time, can be autotransplanted without immune rejection, have few ethical problems, Because allogeneic transplantation is realistic without requiring pretreatment due to sex, therapeutic applications for various diseases are being studied as an ideal material for cell transplantation therapy.
- Non-patent Document 1 brain / cardiovascular disease
- Patent Document 3 autoimmune disease
- Non-patent Document 3 mice / cardiovascular disease
- diseases such as encephalomyelitis model (Non-patent document 4), inflammatory diseases (Non-patent document 5 for pulmonary fibrosis model, Non-patent document 6 for inflammatory bowel disease), etc. ing.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a cell growth medium for suppressing senescence of mesenchymal stem cells during subculture.
- the umbilical cord extract disclosed in Patent Document 2 is only a serum replacement material, and Patent Document 3 is intended to maintain the quality of mesenchymal stem cells or suppress the degree of deterioration in in vitro growth. Therefore, the quality of low-quality mesenchymal stem cells that are not suitable for therapeutic use at the time of collection is not improved or modified.
- mesenchymal stem cells collected from a subject who has developed diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis have a lower therapeutic effect on diabetes and its complications and rheumatoid arthritis than mesenchymal stem cells derived from healthy subjects. Rather, they have found that they also have the effect of exacerbating these diseases.
- mesenchymal stem cells are collected from the subject and autologous cell transplantation therapy is performed, and the effect cannot be expected. Therefore, in order to perform effective autologous cell transplantation therapy, it is necessary to collect autologous mesenchymal stem cells in advance before onset or before the mesenchymal stem cells become abnormal and lose their therapeutic effect.
- the collection of mesenchymal stem cells is invasive, which is a heavy burden both physically and economically for healthy individuals.
- the present invention aims to activate abnormal mesenchymal stem cells that have lost or reduced therapeutic effects or have disease exacerbation effects to a state suitable for cell transplantation therapy. is there.
- an extract from a mammalian fetal appendage activates abnormal mesenchymal stem cells, and has completed the following inventions.
- An abnormal mesenchymal stem cell activator comprising an extract from a mammalian fetal appendage as an active ingredient.
- the activator according to (1), wherein the fetal appendage is umbilical cord tissue, placental tissue or egg membrane.
- An activated mesenchymal stem cell comprising a step of treating an abnormal mesenchymal stem cell isolated from a subject with an activator containing an extract from a mammalian fetal appendage as an active ingredient Manufacturing method.
- the method for producing mesenchymal stem cells according to (10), wherein the disease is diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
- a medicament for treating and / or preventing a disease, comprising the mesenchymal stem cell according to any one of (13) to (15) and / or a culture thereof.
- abnormal mesenchymal stem cells collected from a subject can be activated to a state suitable for cell transplantation therapy.
- This makes it possible to apply autologous cell transplantation therapy to patients whose autologous cell transplantation therapy is inappropriate due to abnormalities of their own mesenchymal stem cells.
- the activator of the present invention does not include cells having proliferative ability derived from a mammal which is a fetal appendage donor. Therefore, removal of donor-derived cells after the activation treatment is unnecessary, and there is an advantage that no extra cell processing steps are involved.
- phase-contrast microscope observation image (A) and electron microscope observation image (B) of the umbilical cord tissue extract (WJ) which is an example of the extract from a fetus appendage.
- 2 is a graph showing growth factor content (A), hyaluronic acid content (B), and L-glutamic acid content (C) in umbilical cord tissue extract. It is a graph which shows the viscosity of an umbilical cord tissue extract.
- Electron micrograph (A) of exosome in umbilical cord tissue extract, Western blot (B) using anti-CD9 antibody and anti-HSP70 antibody, and graph (C) showing exosome content measured using anti-CD9 antibody is there. In FIG.
- # 1 to # 6 correspond to exosome fractions derived from six umbilical cord tissue extracts each in a different lot. It is a figure which shows the culture image of the umbilical cord tissue extract from which a lot differs. Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced type I diabetes model rat mesenchymal stem cells (DM-MSC-WJ (+)) subjected to activation treatment with umbilical cord tissue extract, and STZ-induced type I diabetes model not subjected to activation treatment It is a graph which shows the MTT assay result of a rat mesenchymal stem cell (DM-MSC-WJ (-)). FIG.
- Control-MSC normal rat mesenchymal stem cells
- DM-MSC-WJ DM-MSC-WJ (+)
- Ki67 staining of Control-MSC, DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) and DM-MSC-WJ (+) are shown.
- the upper row is a fluorescence microscope observation image
- the lower row is a graph showing the total number of cells per visual field and the ratio of Ki67 positive cells calculated from the number of DAPI positive cells and Ki67 positive cells.
- It is a Western blot which shows the activation of ERK1 / 2 in DM-MSC-WJ (-) and DM-MSC-WJ (+).
- Lane 1 corresponds to DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ )
- lanes 2 to 8 correspond to DM-MSC-WJ (+) subjected to activation treatment with seven umbilical cord tissue extracts from different lots.
- the hatched bar graph shows the gene expression level in DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) / the gene expression level in Control-MSC
- the black bar graph shows the gene expression level in DM-MSC-WJ (+) / DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ )
- DM-MSC-WJ (+) Represents the gene expression level.
- the broken line corresponds to the isotype control
- the solid line corresponds to the target antibody.
- MTT assay result (A) and phase-contrast microscope observation image (B) of STZ induction type I diabetes model rat mesenchymal stem cell which performed the activation process with the umbilical cord tissue extract.
- the letter above each photograph of B represents the added concentration (mg / mL) of the umbilical cord tissue extract in the activation process.
- the letter above each photograph of B represents the added concentration (mg / mL) of the umbilical cord tissue extract in the activation process.
- results of MTT assay A of STZ-induced type I diabetes model rat mesenchymal stem cells subjected to activation treatment with or without addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and addition concentration of umbilical cord tissue extract, phase contrast microscope image (B) and Western blot (C) in which expression of JNK1 / 3 and ⁇ -SMA protein was analyzed.
- the letter above each photograph of B represents the added concentration (mg / mL) of the umbilical cord tissue extract in the activation process.
- Results of MTT assay (A), phase-contrast microscope observation image (B), and JNK1 / of OLETF type II diabetes model rat mesenchymal stem cells subjected to activation treatment with and without FBS addition and the addition concentration of umbilical cord tissue extract 3 is a Western blot (C) analyzing the expression of 3 and ⁇ -SMA proteins.
- the letter above each photograph of B represents the added concentration (mg / mL) of the umbilical cord tissue extract in the activation process.
- the letter above each photograph of B represents the added concentration (mg / mL) of the umbilical cord tissue extract in the activation process.
- FIG. 2 shows MTT assay results (A), phase contrast microscopic image (B), and electron microscopic image (C) of DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) cultured in a medium with or without L-glutamic acid added.
- DM-MSC-WJ (-) cultured in a medium with or without hyaluronic acid cultured or with hyaluronic acid digested umbilical cord tissue extract or hyaluronic acid undigested umbilical cord tissue extract It is a MTT assay result (A), a phase-contrast microscope observation image (B), and an electron microscope observation image (C). Results of MTT assay (A), phase contrast microscopic image (B), electron microscopic image (C) and JNK1 of DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) cultured in a medium supplemented with umbilical cord tissue extract or exosome fraction thereof / B and Western blot (D) analyzing expression of ⁇ -SMA protein.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing an activation protocol of DM-MSC-WJ (+) used for evaluation of therapeutic effects on STZ mice (9-2 in Example 9)
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a treatment test plan. . It is a graph of the body weight change rate in the treatment test (9-2 in Example 9) of STZ mice. It is a graph of the blood glucose level in the treatment test (9-2 in Example 9) of STZ mice.
- FIG. 1 It is a graph of the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio in the treatment test of STZ mice (9-2 in Example 9).
- Figure (A) showing an activation protocol of DM-MSC-WJ (+) used for evaluation of therapeutic effect on STZ-induced type I diabetic nephropathy model rat (STZ rat) (10-1 of Example 10); It is a figure (B) showing a treatment test plan. It is a graph of the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio in the treatment test of STZ rats (10-1 of Example 10).
- OLETF type II diabetic model rat mesenchymal stem cells (OLETF-DM-MSC-WJ (+) used for evaluation of therapeutic effect on OLETF type II diabetic nephropathy model rat (OLETF rat) (10-2 of Example 10) ))
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing an activation protocol of RA rat mesenchymal stem cells used for evaluation of therapeutic effects on RA rats (11-3 in Example 11)
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a treatment test plan. It is a graph of the foot volume in the RA rat treatment test. It is a graph of the arthritis score in the RA rat treatment test.
- FIG. 3 is a graph of the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio in a treatment test of Control-MSC (A) and MSC-CM (B) on STZ mice (1-1 of Reference Example 1).
- FIG. 2 shows PAS-stained images and Azan-stained images of kidney tissue sections in a control test of Control-MSC and MSC-CM on STZ mice (1-1. Of Reference Example 1).
- FIG. 2 is a graph of the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio in a treatment test of Control-MSC (A) and MSC-CM (B) on HFD mice (1-2 of Reference Example 1).
- FIG. 2 shows PAS-stained images and Azan-stained images of kidney tissue sections in a treatment test of Control-MSC and MSC-CM on HFD mice (1-2 of Reference Example 1).
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to an activator for abnormal mesenchymal stem cells, which contains an extract from a mammalian fetal appendage as an active ingredient.
- the second aspect of the present invention is the production of activated mesenchymal stem cells comprising the step of treating abnormal mesenchymal stem cells isolated from a subject with the activator of the first aspect. Regarding the method.
- the fetal appendage is an organ that plays a role in supporting the development of the fetus formed in the womb during pregnancy, and is composed of the placenta, umbilical cord, egg membrane (consisting of three layers: amniotic membrane, chorion, and decidua) and amniotic fluid.
- the placenta is a villous tissue that functions as a place for exchanging substances between the fetus and the mother. It contains various growth factors and cytokines and also produces hormones.
- the umbilical cord is an organ that connects the fetus and the placenta, and is composed of two umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein, Walton's glue, connective tissue called umbilical cord stroma, and an amniotic sheath covering the periphery.
- Walton's colloid includes a small amount of cells and extracellular matrix such as collagen, glucosaminoglycan and mucin. Most of the glucosaminoglycan in Walton's colloid is hyaluronic acid, and in addition, sulfated glucosaminoglycans such as keratan sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate and heparan sulfate are included.
- Walton's glue includes IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-1), PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor), EGF (Epidmal Growth Factor), and FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor).
- the fetal appendages used in the present invention are those delivered from the mother as a postpartum after delivery of the fetus, or removed from the mother by caesarean section.
- the extracts of the present invention can be prepared from whole fetal appendages obtained from the mother.
- a part of the fetal appendage that is, one or more of organs or tissues constituting the fetal appendage may be used as the extraction material.
- the extraction material preferably contains umbilical cord tissue, placental tissue or egg membrane.
- Fetal appendages may be used immediately after collection to prepare the extract, or may be used after being placed in a sterile container and stored refrigerated or frozen to avoid contamination.
- Fetal appendages can be collected from mammals.
- the fetal appendages are collected from humans, but non-human animals (eg, primates such as chimpanzees, rodents such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters). It is also possible to use fetal appendages collected from cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, goats, sheep and pigs, terrestrial hogs such as horses, rabbits, dogs and cats.
- the fetal appendage is preferably collected from an individual of the same species or a close relative to the individual to which the mesenchymal stem cells are administered in consideration of the safety in the subsequent cell transplantation therapy.
- the extract used in the present invention can be prepared by extracting from the fetal appendage collected as described above with an extraction medium.
- the fetal appendage is preferably used for extraction after washing off the adhering excess components with physiological saline or the like.
- the washed fetal appendage may be used for extraction in its original form, but is preferably cut or crushed to increase the extraction efficiency.
- the frozen fetal appendages can be extracted with a simpler operation by crushing them with a mixer.
- an umbilical cord tissue obtained by appropriately cutting the umbilical cord tissue and substantially maintaining a three-dimensional structure is extracted. Use.
- umbilical cord tissue in which the three-dimensional structure is substantially maintained refers to a cutting means such as a scalpel, scissors, tweezers, or the like, without a process of crushing or homogenizing the tissue such as homogenization.
- the umbilical cord tissue obtained by cutting the umbilical cord tissue into a shape or size suitable for extraction.
- the cutting direction is not limited as long as the three-dimensional structure of the umbilical cord tissue is maintained, but it is preferable to cut along the long axis direction of the umbilical cord because of the structure of the umbilical cord tissue.
- the extraction medium used in the present invention can be a medium commonly used in the field of biochemistry as long as it does not negatively affect the activity of the active ingredient contained in the fetal appendage, and an aqueous medium is preferable.
- Aqueous media usually used for cell culture and preparation are more preferred, such as distilled water, physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline, and media usually used in cell culture, such as ⁇ -MEM medium, DMEM medium, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the extraction medium preferably does not contain components that may adversely affect the recipient individual.
- activation of mesenchymal stem cells is performed by culturing mesenchymal stem cells using the extract itself as a medium.
- those skilled in the art can appropriately select a cell culture medium that can sufficiently extract the active ingredient in the fetal appendage and is suitable for culturing mesenchymal stem cells as an extraction medium.
- the extraction involves immersing the fetal appendage in the extraction medium and for a period of 24 hours to 144 hours, preferably 48 hours to 96 hours, more preferably 72 hours, at a temperature of 2 ° C to 25 ° C, preferably 2 ° C to 8 ° C, More preferably, it is carried out at 4 ° C. by standing or shaking.
- the shaking speed is set to such an extent that the liquid being extracted does not excessively foam.
- the amount of extraction medium used is from 0.2 mL to 100 mL, preferably from 0.5 mL to 20 mL, more preferably from 1 mL to 10 mL per gram wet weight of the fetal appendage, and this amount is the degree of fetal appendage cleavage. And appropriately adjusted according to the extraction temperature, shaking speed and the like.
- Extracts containing fetal appendages after extraction can be obtained by collecting the supernatant fraction obtained after standing or centrifuging, or collecting the filtrate after filtration. It can be used after removing the solid content.
- the extracted fetal appendages can be reused as long as the active ingredient is extracted. That is, it is also possible to obtain an additional extract by adding the extraction medium to the fetal appendage after extracting the active ingredient and performing the above-described extraction process. Thus, the yield of an active ingredient can be raised by performing extraction several times.
- the extract thus obtained can be used as it is in the liquid state.
- the extract can be used after being concentrated or dried so as not to impair the activity of the active ingredient contained therein, to be a concentrated solution or a dried product, and then diluted or dissolved in an appropriate liquid at the time of use.
- the extract may be used immediately after preparation, or may be used after refrigerated or frozen storage.
- the extract does not contain cells having proliferative potential derived from a mammal that is a donor of a fetal appendage. If donor-derived cells with proliferative potential are mixed, donor-derived cells may proliferate along with the target mesenchymal stem cells during the activation process. This is because it may cause undesirable effects such as rejection and graft-versus-host disease.
- Such an extract containing no proliferating cells can be obtained, for example, by subjecting a fetal appendage to a cell killing treatment such as irradiation.
- a cell killing treatment such as irradiation.
- Such an extract can also be obtained without the need for cell removal treatment by the above-described extraction method using umbilical cord tissue in which the three-dimensional structure is substantially maintained.
- the presence or absence of proliferating cells in the extract is determined by a known method for evaluating cell proliferating ability / viability, for example, a cell culture test using an appropriate growth medium or a biochemical test such as an MTT assay. Can be confirmed.
- Mesenchymal stem cells are stem cells having pluripotency and self-replicating ability that are present in minute amounts in stromal cells of mesenchymal tissues, and are mesenchymal systems such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and muscle cells. In addition to differentiating into cells belonging to, it can differentiate into neurons and hepatocytes beyond the germ layer. Further, it is known that mesenchymal stem cells further have a paracrine effect and cell adhesion interaction due to humoral factors produced by themselves.
- mesenchymal stem cells exhibit the ability to repair and regenerate target tissues and cells, and immunoregulatory functions such as anti-inflammation, resulting in the treatment of various diseases. It has been.
- abnormal mesenchymal stem cells in the present invention have lost the above-mentioned various abilities, or have lost their disease therapeutic effects as a result of these abilities being reduced as compared to normal mesenchymal stem cells. Or mesenchymal stem cells that have a reduced therapeutic effect compared to normal mesenchymal stem cells. The inventors have further confirmed that abnormal mesenchymal stem cells not only have no therapeutic effect, but rather have an effect of exacerbating the disease. Such mesenchymal stem cells having a disease exacerbating effect are also included in the “abnormal mesenchymal stem cells” referred to in the present invention.
- mesenchymal stem cells collected from individuals with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis are abnormal. Similar abnormalities are presumed to occur in individuals with diseases such as autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, and allergic diseases, and in aging individuals. Furthermore, although it is considered that abnormalization of mesenchymal stem cells can occur even in healthy individuals, abnormal cells derived from these healthy individuals can also be activated by the present invention.
- diseases in which mesenchymal stem cells become abnormal include type I diabetes and type II diabetes; rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism , Hypothyroidism, autoimmune adrenal dysfunction, erythrocytic anemia, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis, etc .; chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colon Chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammation and Behcet's disease; allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma; osteoporosis.
- the abnormal mesenchymal stem cells used in the present invention are collected from the subject.
- the term “subject” as used herein means any animal having mesenchymal stem cells, preferably a mammal individual, for example, a primate such as a human or chimpanzee, a mouse, a rat, a guinea pig, a hamster, or the like. Individuals such as teeth, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, etc., horses, etc., rabbits, dogs, cats, etc., more preferably humans.
- the subject is an individual having a disease in which the mesenchymal stem cells become abnormal or an aging individual.
- the disease is preferably diabetes, autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory disease, allergic disease or osteoporosis, more preferably diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
- mesenchymal stem cells are preferably collected from individuals of the same or related species as the cells to which the cells are administered.
- cells collected from a human who is the same species are preferably used, more preferably cells collected from the same human individual receiving administration, that is, autologous mesenchymal stem cells are used. .
- Mesenchymal stem cells can be collected from a sample of mammalian bone marrow fluid, adipose tissue, fetal appendage tissue, dental pulp, etc. by a general method. For example, when using bone marrow fluid as a sample, density gradient centrifugation It is possible to isolate mesenchymal stem cells by a known technique such as bone marrow seeding.
- the abnormal mesenchymal stem cells may be those that have been subcultured in vitro after being collected from a living body.
- bone marrow-derived cells are used as abnormal mesenchymal stem cells.
- the disease used as an evaluation system for judging abnormality may be any disease that can be treated with normal mesenchymal stem cells, but it is planned to use the collected mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic purposes after activation. In this case, it is preferable to use an evaluation system for a disease that is the same as or related to the disease to be treated. For example, if it is planned to use mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, the abnormality evaluation of the collected mesenchymal stem cells should be performed in an evaluation system reflecting diabetic nephropathy. preferable.
- the collected mesenchymal stem cells have no therapeutic effect, or have a lower therapeutic effect than that of normal mesenchymal stem cells, or have a disease exacerbating effect, it is determined that the mesenchymal stem cells are abnormal can do.
- abnormalities of mesenchymal stem cells can be determined using various factors such as cell and organelle morphology, cell proliferation ability, differentiation ability, growth factors, differentiation-related factors, and cytokines / chemokines as in the following test examples. It can also be performed by using evaluation indexes such as protein expression level, gene expression level, and extracellular secretion level.
- Abnormal mesenchymal stem cells have, for example, the following properties different from normal mesenchymal stem cells.
- the morphology of cells and organelles can be determined by microscopic observation, and the cell proliferation ability can be determined by cell culture tests using an appropriate growth medium and biochemical tests such as MTT assay.
- a differentiation induction test using an induction medium protein expression can be evaluated by a protein quantification method such as ELISA or Western blotting, and gene expression can be evaluated by a gene quantification method such as quantitative PCR or Northern blotting.
- the collected mesenchymal stem cells behave differently from normal mesenchymal stem cells for one or more of the evaluation indices as described above, it can be determined that the mesenchymal stem cells are abnormal.
- the activator of the present invention can activate abnormal mesenchymal stem cells.
- Activation in the present specification means that abnormal mesenchymal stem cells are restored to at least a part of their various abilities and are able to exert a disease treatment effect. Abnormal mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a therapeutic effect similar to or higher than that of normal mesenchymal stem cells by activation. In addition, “activation” of the present invention includes a state in which the therapeutic effect is improved as compared with that before activation although it does not reach the same level as normal mesenchymal stem cells.
- the activator of the present invention contains an extract from a mammalian fetal appendage as an active ingredient.
- the extract obtained by the above-described method can be used as it is, or diluted with an aqueous medium usually used for cell culture or preparation.
- the aqueous medium used for dilution include distilled water, physiological saline, phosphate buffered physiological saline, and media usually used in cell culture, such as ⁇ -MEM media and DMEM media.
- the present invention provides an activated mesophyll comprising a step of treating abnormal mesenchymal stem cells isolated from a subject with an activator containing an extract from a fetal mammal appendage as an active ingredient.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing leaf stem cells.
- the activator of the present invention is added to the medium of abnormal mesenchymal stem cells, and the reaction is performed for 24 hours to 144 hours, preferably 24 hours to 72. It is carried out by culturing for a period of time, more preferably 48 hours.
- the temperature and gas concentration of the activation treatment may be within the range of the temperature and gas concentration usually used for culturing mesenchymal stem cells, and the temperature is, for example, 25 ° C. to 37 ° C., preferably 30 ° C. to 37 ° C., more preferably. Is 37 ° C., and the oxygen concentration is, for example, 2% to 30%, preferably 2% to 20%.
- the activation process can be performed a plurality of times until sufficient activation is achieved.
- the concentration of the activator in the activation treatment can be appropriately set as long as activation is achieved.
- the activator of the present invention is an extract from fetal appendages 0.01 mg / mL to 25 mg / mL, preferably 0.05 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, more preferably 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL. Contains mL.
- the activator of the present invention activates mesenchymal stem cells more efficiently in the presence of components necessary for the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells, such as serum components and mesenchymal stem cell culture media. Let Therefore, the activator of the present invention is preferably used together with these components.
- the activation treatment can be performed not only on abnormal mesenchymal stem cells in a state separated from a biological sample, but also on abnormal mesenchymal stem cells in a state included in a cell population derived from a biological sample. it can.
- abnormal mesenchymal stem cells in a cell population contained in the bone marrow fluid by subjecting the collected bone marrow fluid to an activation treatment as it is.
- the determination of whether or not abnormal mesenchymal stem cells have been activated can be performed by evaluating the therapeutic effect of the cells after activation treatment using the evaluation system reflecting the disease as described above. it can.
- the mesenchymal stem cells after the activation treatment lose the disease exacerbation effect and / or when the therapeutic effect is increased as compared with that before the activation treatment, the mesenchymal stem cells are activated Determined.
- activated mesenchymal stem cells may not recover to the same extent as that of mesenchymal stem cells with normal therapeutic effects. However, as long as the therapeutic effect is increased by the activation treatment, such mesenchymal stem cells can be used in the present invention.
- the activation determination is performed by the same cell biological evaluation index as the abnormality determination described above, that is, cell or organelle morphology, cell proliferation ability, differentiation ability, and expression of proteins and genes of various factors. It can also be carried out by using an index such as the amount and the amount of extracellular secretion. If the mesenchymal stem cells after activation show the same or similar properties as normal mesenchymal stem cells for one or more of these evaluation indices, the mesenchymal stem cells are activated. Can be determined.
- Mesenchymal stem cells may be proliferated by in vitro subculture at the same time as activation or after activation.
- activated mesenchymal stem cells may be maintained in an undifferentiated state or may be differentiated into desired cells.
- the differentiation state of the cells after activation is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the use of the cells such as the disease to be treated and the treatment method.
- mesenchymal stem cells in an undifferentiated state can be achieved by using a medium suitable for maintaining the undifferentiated state, such as HyClone AdvanceSTEM Messenchymal Stem Cell Expansion Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) MSen Basal EMS , Stelling Cultures (trademark) Media (DV Biologics), a mesenchymal stem cell-dedicated medium kit (MSCGM BulletKit, Lonza) and the like can be used for culturing mesenchymal stem cells.
- a medium suitable for maintaining the undifferentiated state such as HyClone AdvanceSTEM Messenchymal Stem Cell Expansion Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) MSen Basal EMS , Stelling Cultures (trademark) Media (DV Biologics), a mesenchymal stem cell-dedicated medium kit (MSCGM BulletKit, Lonza) and the like can be used for culturing mesenchymal stem cells.
- a medium suitable for maintaining the undifferentiated state
- Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells can be performed by a generally known method such as culturing in a differentiation induction medium to which a factor having an action of inducing differentiation into a desired cell is added.
- a factor having an action of inducing differentiation into a desired cell is added.
- BMP Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
- BMP2 BMP2 and the like are used as differentiation-inducing factors for differentiation into osteoblasts
- dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, insulin and the like are used for differentiation into adipocytes.
- the method for confirming the differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells can be appropriately selected according to the type of the differentiated cells. For example, for confirmation of differentiation into osteoblasts, a method for detecting alkaline phosphatase of cells, for example, alkaline phosphatase staining is used as an example, and for confirmation of differentiation into adipocytes, a method for detecting triglycerides of cells, For example, Oil Red O staining is used.
- the target mesenchymal stem cell is separated from the activated cell population as necessary or It may be concentrated.
- Isolation or enrichment of mesenchymal stem cells can be achieved by culturing in a medium in which mesenchymal stem cells are selectively amplified, or by one or more cell surface antigens specific to mesenchymal stem cells (eg, CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, etc.) can be performed by flow cytometry and cell sorting.
- a medium in which mesenchymal stem cells are selectively amplified or by one or more cell surface antigens specific to mesenchymal stem cells (eg, CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, etc.) can be performed by flow cytometry and cell sorting.
- Mesenchymal stem cells can be preserved by a general technique such as cryopreservation before and after treatment such as activation, proliferation culture, and differentiation induction culture. For example, after activated mesenchymal stem cells are grown by culturing, they are stored separately so as to have a certain number of cells, and a necessary amount can be thawed and used for each administration.
- the third aspect of the present invention includes a mesenchymal stem cell for treatment and / or prevention of a disease produced by the production method of the second aspect, and the mesenchymal stem cell and / or a culture thereof.
- the present invention relates to a medicament for treating and / or preventing a disease.
- the activated mesenchymal stem cells obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used for treatment and / or prevention of diseases.
- the present invention further relates to a medicament for treating and / or preventing a disease, comprising activated mesenchymal stem cells and / or cultures thereof.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating and / or preventing a disease using a mesenchymal stem cell that has been activated or using a medicament containing the same.
- the disease to be treated and / or prevented can be any disease for which treatment and / or prevention by mesenchymal stem cells is known.
- the activated mesenchymal stem cells are used for the treatment and / or prevention of diabetes or its complications, autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory disease, allergic disease or osteoporosis.
- diseases specifically include type I diabetes and type II diabetes and their complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, cerebral infarction, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina.
- Rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, autoimmune adrenal dysfunction, true erythrocytic Autoimmune diseases such as anemia, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis; chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Behcet's disease; atopic dermatitis, Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma; osteoporosis can be mentioned.
- the disease to be treated and / or prevented is diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy or diabetic neuropathy.
- Activated mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be able to treat and / or prevent these diabetic complications by improving microangiopathy.
- rheumatoid arthritis is also a disease that is preferably treated and / or prevented by activated mesenchymal stem cells.
- the medicament of the present invention contains an effective amount of activated mesenchymal stem cells.
- an effective amount means an amount effective to treat and / or prevent a disease.
- the effective amount is appropriately adjusted according to the type of disease, the severity of symptoms, the patient and other medical factors.
- the effective amount of mesenchymal stem cells is 10 6 to 10 9 , preferably 10 7 to 10 9 , per kg body weight of the individual to be administered.
- the medicament of the present invention can also contain an effective amount of a culture of activated mesenchymal stem cells.
- the culture is preferably a culture supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells.
- the culture supernatant of mesenchymal stem cells contains various humoral factors produced by mesenchymal stem cells, and is known to have a disease therapeutic effect in the same manner as mesenchymal stem cells (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A)). 2013-018756 publication and Watanabe, S. et al., J Gastroenterol. 2013; Pub ahead of print, PMID: 24217964). Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of the mesenchymal stem cell culture supernatant has also been clarified in the reference examples described later.
- the culture can be obtained by culturing the activated mesenchymal stem cells in a medium usually used for culturing mesenchymal stem cells, such as ⁇ -MEM medium or DMEM medium.
- a medium usually used for culturing mesenchymal stem cells such as ⁇ -MEM medium or DMEM medium.
- the effective amount of the mesenchymal stem cell culture is 0.1 mg to 100 mg, preferably 0.2 mg to 50 mg, more preferably 0.5 mg to 20 mg per kg body weight of the administered individual. It can be administered in one or more divided doses.
- the medicament of the present invention is usually used in the form of parenteral preparations such as injections and drops.
- carriers that can be used for parenteral preparations include aqueous carriers such as physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose, D-sorbitol and the like.
- the pharmaceutical of the present invention may further be a composition containing a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, stabilizer, preservative and other components.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients are well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can use the ingredients described in the 16th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and other standards, depending on the form of the preparation, within the scope of normal performance. It can be appropriately selected and used.
- the administration method of the medicament of the present invention is not particularly limited, and in the case of a parenteral preparation, examples include intravascular administration (preferably intravenous administration), intraperitoneal administration, intestinal administration, and subcutaneous administration. .
- the medicament of the present invention is administered to a living body by intravenous administration.
- the medicament of the present invention may be used in combination with other medicaments depending on the disease to be treated and / or prevented.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for treating and / or preventing a disease, comprising administering to a subject a medicament comprising an effective amount of the mesenchymal stem cells and / or cultures thereof according to the third aspect. .
- the meaning of each term in the fourth aspect is as described in the third aspect.
- Preparation of an extract from umbilical cord tissue was performed as follows. All operations were performed in a clean bench. 1) The blood adhering to the umbilical cord tissue and the blood in the blood vessel were washed away with physiological saline as much as possible. 2) 10-30 mL of a serum-free and antibiotic-free ⁇ -MEM cell culture medium was dispensed into a glass culture dish. 3) The washed umbilical cord tissue was divided every about 5 g by wet weight, and about 5 g of umbilical cord tissue was put per culture dish. 4) The amnion sheath was dissected in the long axis direction using forceps and sharp scissors in the culture dish medium.
- Example 2 Analysis of umbilical cord tissue extract> The umbilical cord tissue extract prepared in Example 1 was subjected to the following analysis.
- the morphological observation extract was subjected to phase contrast microscopy using a fluorescence microscope (with phase contrast observation) BZ9000 (Keyence) or TE200 (Nikon).
- a fluorescence microscope with phase contrast observation
- BZ9000 Keyence
- TE200 TE200
- erythrocytes thought to be derived from umbilical cord blood were found, but the presence of other cells having proliferative ability was not observed (FIG. 1A).
- an electron microscope observation sample was prepared as follows, and the extract was observed with an electron microscope.
- the extract was fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 24 hours. Thereafter, the sample was washed with 0.1 M PBS, fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide aqueous solution, and dehydrated with ethanol.
- the sample was immersed in propylene oxide, embedded with an epoxy resin, and polymerized by heating.
- An ultrathin section of the sample was prepared using an ultramicrotome MT-X (RMC), and after electron staining, observed with a transmission electron microscope H-7650 (Hitachi High Technologies). The presence of a fibrous substance considered to be an extracellular matrix was observed (FIG. 1B).
- IGF-1 is Human IGF-I Quantikine ELISA Kit (R & D Systems)
- EGF is Human EGF Quantikine ELISA Kit (R & D Systems)
- PDGF-AB is Human PDGF-AB Quit Human FGF basic Quantikine ELISA Kit (R & D Systems)
- hyaluronic acid was Hyaluronan Quantikine ELISA Kit (R & D Systems)
- L-glutamic acid was F-kit L-glutamic acid measurement kit (J. For hyaluronic acid and L-glutamic acid, the extract stored at ⁇ 80 ° C. in addition to 4 ° C. was also measured.
- Exosome content The exosome fraction was extracted from the umbilical cord tissue extract using Total Exosome Isolation Kit (Invitrogen). The exosome fraction was collected as a pellet and then observed with an electron microscope.
- the recovered pellet was extracted with a buffer solution, and exosomes were labeled with CD9 and HSP70 expression by Western blotting using anti-human CD9 antibody (system bioscience) and anti-human HSP70 antibody (system bioscience).
- the existence of Furthermore, the exosome content was quantified by ELISA using an anti-human CD9 antibody (CD9, Exosome, ELISA Kit, ExoELISA, system bioscience).
- FIG. 4A shows an electron microscopic image
- FIG. 4B shows a Western blot result for 6 lots of umbilical cord tissue extract
- FIG. 4C shows an ELISA quantitative result for 15 lots of umbilical cord tissue extract.
- the umbilical cord tissue extract contained an average of about 17 ⁇ 10 8 exosomes / mL.
- Example 3 Activation of diabetic animal-derived mesenchymal stem cells by umbilical cord tissue extract> 3-1. Collection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (Japan SLC) were administered with 500 ⁇ L of STZ citrate buffer solution containing STZ in an amount corresponding to 40 mg / kg body weight in the tail vein. . The blood glucose level of the rat became 600 mg / dL or more from 1 week after administration of STZ, resulting in a hyperglycemic state. Rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after STZ administration, and long bones were collected. Total bone marrow cells were collected from the long bones, seeded on a 150 cm 2 culture dish, and cultured.
- DM-MSC bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- P0 Passage 0
- Control mesenchymal stem cells derived from normal rats (Control-MSC, P0) were collected in the same manner as DM-MSC except that citrate buffer was administered instead of STZ solution.
- Activation treatment In an ⁇ -MEM medium (containing 15% FBS, 1% penicillin, 1% streptomycin) to which the extract of Example 1 was added to 1.0 mg / mL, DM-MSC of P1 was added. Activation treatment was performed by culturing at 37 ° C. for 48 hours to 96 hours under 20% O 2 . The cells were subcultured when the cells adhered to the culture dish became 85% to 90% confluent, and cultured in the same manner using the extract-added medium. The P3 cells subcultured in this way were designated as DM-MSC-WJ (+).
- DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) as a control without activation treatment was obtained by adding DM-MSC of P1 to ⁇ -MEM medium (15% FBS, 1% penicillin, 1%) containing no extract of Example 1. It was prepared in the same manner as DM-MSC-WJ (+) using streptomycin.
- Control-MSC derived from normal rats as a control is 3-1.
- the P1 Control-MSC collected in (1) was subcultured in a medium containing no extract in the same manner as the DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) described above.
- Ki67 staining After seeding each mesenchymal stem cell on a chamber slide, the extract of Example 1 (1 lot) was added to 1.0 mg / mL, or ⁇ -MEM medium without addition was added. And cultured for 48 hours. After incubation, Ki67 staining was performed using an anti-Ki67 antibody (abcam) fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and labeled with Cy3. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (DOJINDO). Observation was performed using a confocal laser scanning microscope system LSM 510 META (ZEISS), and the number of DAPI positive cells and Ki67 positive cells was counted. The results are shown in FIG.
- DM-MSC-WJ (+) after the activation treatment increased significantly compared to DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ).
- the proportion of Ki67-positive cells exhibiting proliferative activity was significantly lower in DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) than in Control-MSC, and in DM-MSC-WJ (+) after activation treatment, it was It recovered to the same extent. That is, it was shown that the cells were activated by the extract of Example 1.
- Example 2 2) Activation of ERK1 / 2 After seeding each mesenchymal stem cell, the extract of Example 1 (7 lots) was added to 1.0 mg / mL, or ⁇ -MEM medium without addition For 48 hours. Cells were collected, proteins were extracted according to a conventional method, and analyzed by Western blotting. ERK1 / 2 was detected using an anti-ERK1 / 2 antibody (SantaCruz), phosphorylated ERK1 / 2 was detected using an anti-p-ERK1 / 2 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology), and ⁇ -actin was detected using an anti- ⁇ -actin antibody (Sigma). The results are shown in FIG. In DM-MSC-WJ (+) after the activation treatment, the expression of phosphorylated ERK1 / 2 was increased compared to DM-MSC-WJ (-). 2 was shown to be activated.
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress After seeding each mesenchymal stem cell, the ⁇ -MEM medium with or without the extract of Example 1 (5 lots) added to 1.0 mg / mL was used. For 48 hours. Cells were collected, proteins were extracted according to conventional methods, and expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins was analyzed by Western blotting.
- BiP Breast Immunoglobulin Protein
- CHOP C / EBP-Homologous Protein
- JNK c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1/3 were detected using an anti-JNK1 / 3 antibody (SantaCruz).
- DM-MSC-WJ (+) after the activation treatment the expression of BiP, CHOP and JNK1 / 3 was decreased and the expression of Ero1-L ⁇ was increased as compared with DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ). This result shows that endoplasmic reticulum stress is suppressed by the activation treatment, similarly to the result observed in the electron microscope observation of the cells.
- RNA expression of growth factor, differentiation-related factor and cytokine / chemokine mRNA was extracted from each mesenchymal stem cell (reagent; TRI reagent, Molecular Research Center, Inc.). Expression of the factors shown in Table 2 was analyzed by a real-time PCR method (reagent; Power SYBR (registered trademark) Green PCR Master Mix, Applied Biosystems, instrument; Applied Biosystems 7500 real-time PCR system). In addition, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a control for normalizing the expression level of each factor.
- GPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- DM-MSC-WJ (+) was expressed by anti-CD90 antibody (Immunotec), anti-CD44 antibody (Immunotec), anti-CD45 antibody (Immunotec), anti-CD43 antibody (Immunotec), It was analyzed by flow cytometry using CD31 antibody (Immunotec), anti-CD11b antibody (Immunotec), and anti-HLA-DR antibody (abcam) (instrument; BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer). As shown in FIG.
- DM-MSC-WJ (+) expresses CD90, which is a marker for mesenchymal stem cells, and expresses CD44, CD45, CD43, CD31, CD11b, and HLA-DR, which are negative markers. It wasn't. This suggests that the activation treatment does not affect the cell surface antigen of mesenchymal stem cells.
- Example 4-1 Examination of extract addition concentration From STZ-administered rat and OLETF rat (6 months old), in Example 3-1.
- the extract addition concentration is set in the range of 0.1 mg / mL to 2.0 mg / mL, and 3-2.
- the activation process was performed in the same manner as described above. From the results of the MTT assay and cell morphology observation, sufficient activation was confirmed at the extract addition concentration of 0.5 mg / mL or more in any diabetic rat mesenchymal stem cells (FIGS. 16 and 17).
- JNK1 / 3 and ⁇ -SMA changes in protein expression of JNK1 / 3 and ⁇ -SMA were evaluated.
- Example 3-3 In the same manner as described above, analysis by Western blotting was performed, and JNK1 / 3 was detected using an anti-JNK1 / 3 antibody (SantaCruz) and ⁇ -SMA was detected using an anti- ⁇ -SMA antibody (abcam).
- JNK1 / 3 and ⁇ -SMA whose expression was enhanced in diabetic rat mesenchymal stem cells, showed a decrease in protein amount when FBS was added and an extract was added. However, in the absence of FBS addition, no change in the amount of protein was observed, or even if it was observed, it was weak.
- the umbilical cord tissue extract efficiently activates abnormal mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of FBS.
- Example 5 Activation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from diabetic patients> Mesenchymal stem cells were prepared from bone marrow fluid collected from a type II diabetic patient (69-year-old female, HbA1c value 6.8%) in the same manner as in Example 3, and the concentration of umbilical cord tissue extract was examined using this. Evaluation of activation ability in the absence of serum components was performed in the same manner as in Example 4.
- FIG. 21 shows the transition of the total cell number in the activation treatment at the extract addition concentration of 0.5 mg / mL in the presence of FBS.
- the conical tube of 5) was centrifuged at 1000 ⁇ g for 5 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant was collected in a new conical tube.
- the supernatant collected in 6) was again centrifuged at 4 ° C. at 1000 ⁇ g for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was collected to remove impurities such as erythrocyte components and placental tissue.
- the supernatant collected in 7) was appropriately dispensed and stored frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. until use.
- the average protein concentrations of the obtained placental tissue extract (P) and egg membrane extract (PM) were 9.405 mg / mL and 10.511 mg / mL, respectively.
- placental tissue and egg membrane extract were evaluated for their ability to activate mesenchymal stem cells in STZ rats. Evaluation was performed using the method described in Example 3 except that placenta tissue extract or egg membrane extract was used at a final concentration of 0.5 mg / mL or 1.0 mg / mL instead of umbilical cord tissue extract. went.
- the results of the MTT assay are shown in FIG. 25A.
- the placenta tissue extract and egg membrane extract proliferated STZ rat mesenchymal stem cells at least as well as the umbilical cord tissue extract.
- a phase contrast microscope image is shown in FIG. 25B.
- the mesenchymal stem cells cultured without adding the extract were flat polygonal fibroblast-like cells with few protrusions, and stress fibers were observed inside.
- placental tissue extract or egg membrane extract was added and cultured, the shape of mesenchymal stem cells became spindle-shaped, and the development of lamellipodia (prosthetic foot) was observed. In addition, the stress fiber decreased significantly.
- FIG. 25C shows the results of evaluating changes in protein expression of JNK1 / 3, ⁇ -SMA, which is one of the activation indices.
- the expression is expressed in STZ rat mesenchymal stem cells. Decreased amounts of JNK1 / 3 and ⁇ -SMA protein were increased.
- the egg-membrane extract (lane 7) which made the shape at the time of extraction strip-shaped showed the activity equivalent to the egg-membrane extract (lane 8) obtained by shredding.
- Example 7 umbilical cord tissue extract constituent The ability to activate mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated for L-glutamic acid, hyaluronic acid, and exosome, which are constituents contained in the umbilical cord tissue extract.
- Example 3-3-2 DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) obtained in (1) was added to 20% O 2 in ⁇ -MEM medium (containing 15% FBS, 1% penicillin, 1% streptomycin) with or without the components shown in Table 3. The cells were cultured at 37 ° C. for 48 hours, and then observed with a phase contrast microscope and an electron microscope.
- L-glutamic acid or hyaluronic acid alone does not show the same mesenchymal stem cell activation effect as the extract of Example 1, and even if hyaluronic acid is digested from the extract of Example 1, mesenchyme It became clear that it did not affect the activation effect of the stem cell.
- DM-MSC-WJ ( ⁇ ) cultured in a medium supplemented with an exosome fraction showed increased proliferation ability (FIG. 28A), and the number of protrusions and thickness of the cells increased.
- the cell morphology was the same as when the product was added (FIG. 28B).
- the addition of the exosome fraction suppressed endoplasmic reticulum expansion (FIG. 28C).
- a decrease in the expression level was observed although it was weaker than when the extract of Example 1 was added (FIG. 28D).
- Example 8 Activation of placental tissue extract and egg membrane extract by exosome fractionation> The activation of mesenchymal stem cells by exosome fractionation of placental tissue extract and egg membrane extract was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 7. The results are shown in FIG. The mesenchymal stem cells activated by the exosome fraction of placenta tissue extract or egg membrane extract have the proliferation ability, cell morphology, JNK1 / 3 and ⁇ -SMA expression level, all of which are umbilical cord tissue extracts. The same tendency as in the case of. From the results of Example 7 and Example 8, it was shown that the exosome fraction in the extract from the fetal appendage is at least one component that contributes to activation of mesenchymal stem cells.
- Example 9 Treatment effect of activated mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic nephropathy (mouse model)> About the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) activated by the extract of Example 1, the therapeutic effect was evaluated using the diabetic nephropathy model mouse.
- MSC mesenchymal stem cell
- Example 9-1 The MSC used for the therapeutic effect of MSC in which only the P1 cells were activated is shown below.
- P3 cells obtained in (1) were used.
- Example 3 Of Example 3 except that only DM-MSC of P1 was cultured in an extract-added medium and thereafter a medium containing no extract was used. P3 cells subcultured in the same manner as above (FIG. 30A).
- STZ-induced type I diabetes model mice (STZ mice) were prepared by intraperitoneally administering 200 ⁇ L of STZ citrate buffer solution containing STZ in an amount corresponding to 150 mg / kg body weight to 8-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice. did. A normal group of mice received citrate buffer instead of STZ solution.
- STZ mice were divided into 4 groups, 250 ⁇ L of phosphate buffer containing 1 ⁇ 10 4 Control-MSC / g (body weight) in the STZ-Control-MSC group, and DM- in the STZ-DM-MSC group.
- MSC-WJ (-) to 1x10 4 cells / g (body weight) 250 [mu] L phosphate buffer containing, STZ-DM-MSC-WJ the group DM-MSC-WJ the (+) 1x10 4 cells / g (body weight)
- the phosphate buffer solution containing 250 ⁇ L, and STZ-Vehicle group was administered a single dose from the tail vein as a vehicle, 250 ⁇ L phosphate buffer solution.
- Body weight measurement, blood collection, and urine collection were performed every 4 weeks after administration of MSC or vehicle. At 8 weeks, mice were dissected and kidneys were collected.
- the blood glucose level was determined by measuring the urinary albumin and creatinine, which are indicators of renal function, by an immunoturbidimetric method and an enzymatic method, respectively, using a blood glucose measuring device Antsense III (HORIBA Medical).
- the collected kidney was used for evaluation of organ damage such as microangiopathy.
- FIG. 31 shows the rate of change in body weight when the weight at the start of MSC or vehicle administration is 1.
- the STZ-Vehicle group a slight weight loss was observed compared to the normal group.
- the STZ-Control-MSC group in which Control-MSC was administered to diabetic mice, the change in body weight was recovered to the same level as in the normal group.
- the STZ-DM-MSC group lost weight compared to the STZ-Vehicle group, while the STZ-DM-MSC-WJ group suppressed weight loss to the same extent as the normal group and the STZ-Control-MSC group. It was done.
- FIG. 32 shows the blood glucose level results.
- the blood sugar level increased in the STZ-Vehicle group compared with the normal group, but the blood sugar level increase was suppressed in the STZ-Control-MSC group.
- the STZ-DM-MSC group had a higher blood glucose level than the STZ-Vehicle group, but the STZ-DM-MSC-WJ group had a gradual increase in blood glucose level than the STZ-DM-MSC group.
- Urinary albumin / creatinine ratio (FIG. 33) was highest in the STZ-Vehicle group, and a decrease with time was observed in the STZ-Control-MSC group. In addition, the value decreased in the STZ-DM-MSC-WJ group than in the STZ-DM-MSC group.
- Example 10 Treatment effect of activated mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic nephropathy (rat model)> About MSC activated by the extract of Example 1, the therapeutic effect was evaluated using the diabetic nephropathy model rat. Unless otherwise specified below, Example 3-1. And 3-2. And the procedure described in Example 9 was used.
- STZ-cited type I diabetic nephropathy model rats were prepared by administering 500 ⁇ L of STZ citrate buffer solution containing STZ in an amount equivalent to 55 mg / kg body weight intravenously from the tail vein to 8-week-old male SD rats. did.
- Rats were divided into 3 groups 4 weeks after administration, and the STZ-DM-MSC group contained ⁇ -MEM medium containing 1 ⁇ 10 4 DM-MSC-WJ (-) / g (body weight) (serum component and antibiotics not included) ), 1000 ⁇ L of ⁇ -MEM medium containing 1 ⁇ 10 4 DM / MSC-WJ (+) / g (body weight) in the STZ-DM-MSC-WJ group, and ⁇ -MEM as a vehicle in the STZ-Vehicle group
- the medium was administered at a dose of 1000 ⁇ L from the tail vein.
- Urine was collected at 0, 1, 4, and 7 weeks after administration of MSC or vehicle, and urinary albumin and creatinine were measured.
- the change in the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio is shown in FIG.
- the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio remained the same in the STZ-DM-MSC group as in the STZ-Vehicle group, but decreased in the STZ-DM-MSC-WJ group, suggesting improved renal function.
- the test was conducted according to the test plan shown in FIG. 40B.
- 6.5-month-old male OLETF rats were divided into 4 groups.
- the OLETF-Control-MSC group had 1000 ⁇ L of ⁇ -MEM medium containing 1 ⁇ 10 4 Control-MSC / g (body weight), and the OLETF-DM-MSC group had OLETF-DM-MSC-WJ ( -) to 1x10 4 cells / g (body weight) including alpha-MEM medium 1000 ⁇ L, OLETF-DM-MSC- WJ the group OLETF-DM-MSC-WJ ( +) to 1x10 4 1000 ⁇ L of ⁇ -MEM medium containing 1 cell / g (body weight) and 1000 ⁇ L of ⁇ -MEM medium as a vehicle were administered to the OLETF-Vehicle group once from the tail vein.
- Body weight measurement, blood collection, and urine collection were performed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks after administration of MSC or vehicle, and blood glucose level and
- Control-MSC derived from normal animals has a therapeutic effect on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, whereas DM-MSC derived from diabetic animals has a weak therapeutic effect or rather exacerbates these diseases. It was shown that DM-MSC recovers the therapeutic effect by activation treatment using umbilical cord tissue extract.
- RA rheumatoid arthritis
- an emulsion was prepared by mixing equal volumes of complete Freund's adjuvant (20 mg / mL tuberculosis killed bacteria, Chondrex) and bovine type II collagen solution (type 2 collagen 2 mg / mL, Chondrex).
- An emulsion containing 2 mg of tuberculosis killed bacteria and 0.2 mg of type II collagen was administered to the ridge.
- the same concentration of emulsion was continuously administered 4 to 5 times every 7 to 10 days to develop arthritis.
- the onset of arthritis was determined by swelling of the left and right feet, ie, changes in foot volume.
- a transparent plastic container filled with water in precision electronics (accuracy 0.01 g, A & D) is installed, and the hind leg foot is inserted into the water to the position of the marker drawn on the upper part of the rat's ankle joint, and is rested.
- a total of 4.5 cm 3 or more of the left and right foot volume was considered as arthritis onset.
- Example 3-1. And 3-2. Prepare bone marrow cells from arthritic RA rats or normal rats 6 to 9 weeks after the initial administration of the emulsion using the method described in 1), twice in medium without extract, and then extract No subculture or subculture was performed once in a medium containing 1.0 mg / mL of the extract of Example 1 (FIG. 43A).
- the resulting P3 MSCs (RA-MSC and RA-MSC-WJ) were used in the following tests.
- P3 MSC (Control-MSC) obtained by subculturing bone marrow cells of a 7-week-old normal wild-type rat three times in a medium containing no extract was also used.
- RA-MSC, RA-MSC- of P3 at 48 hours and 72 hours after seeding 24 hours and 48 hours after addition of the extract
- the proliferation ability of WJ was determined according to Example 3-3.
- RA-MSC-WJ was more proliferative than RA-MSC at both 24 and 48 hours after addition of the extract (FIG. 42A).
- RA-MSC had a wider and flatter vesicle and fewer cells than Control-MSC.
- RA-MSC-WJ a large number of spindle-shaped MSCs were observed as in Control-MSC (FIG. 42B).
- RA-MSC is Control -Fewer than MSC, more RA-MSC-WJ than RA-MSC.
- the emulsion was administered in half of the initial sensitization. Baseline was day 0 after treatment, and foot swelling was measured on days 3, 5, and 11 after treatment. Further, visual observation of the ankle joint part (upper part, rear part, tarsal part), middle foot part, and footpad part (Metatarsophalangeal: MTP joint, Proximal Inter-phalangeal; PIP joint) was performed, and swelling and deformation were observed. The joint score was calculated as the total score by adding 0.1 to each. Furthermore, serum CRP levels were measured by Rat C-Reactive Protein ELISA Kit (eBioscience).
- FIG. 44 shows changes in foot volume. Foot swelling decreased in the Control-MSC group and RA-MSC-WJ group 3 days after the treatment, and remained low on the 5th and 11th days after the treatment. On the other hand, there was no change in foot swelling in the RA-MSC group and the RA-Vehicle group. In the RA-MSC-WJ group, swelling was significantly reduced at 3, 5, and 11 days compared to 0 days after treatment. Also in the arthritis score, the arthritis was significantly reduced in the Control-MSC group and the RA-MSC-WJ group 11 days after the treatment compared with the RA-MSC group (FIG. 45). CRP values decreased in the Control-MSC and RA-MSC-WJ groups 11 days after treatment (FIG. 46).
- Control-MSC derived from normal animals has a therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis
- RA-MSC derived from rheumatoid arthritis animals has no therapeutic effect
- RA-MSC is activated using an umbilical cord tissue extract. It was shown that the treatment effect is restored by the chemical treatment.
- Example 3-3-2 Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell culture supernatant on diabetic nephropathy> Example 3-3-2.
- MSC-CM used the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the culture medium of P3.
- Example 1-1 The evaluation test in STZ-induced type I diabetes model mice was performed according to the test plan shown in FIG. Example 9-1.
- STZ-administered mice prepared in the same manner as above were divided into 3 groups, and the STZ-Control-MSC group was administered 2 times every 4 weeks with 250 ⁇ L of phosphate buffer containing 1 ⁇ 10 4 Control / MSC (body weight),
- the STZ-MSC-CM group 2 mg / kg (body weight) of MSC-CM was administered once a day for 5 days a week.
- the STZ-Vehicle group was administered with 250 ⁇ L of phosphate buffer as a vehicle twice every four weeks or once a day for 5 days a week.
- Example 9-1 In the same manner as above, an 8-week treatment test was conducted and various measurements were performed. Further, the collected kidney tissue sections were prepared and subjected to PAS staining and Azan staining.
- FIG. 49 shows a microscopic observation image of kidney tissue section staining.
- STZ-Vehicle group expanded glomerular mesangial region, cell infiltration and inflammatory cell infiltration of tubulointerstitium, and degenerated tubules positive for PAS staining of tubules were observed compared to the normal group.
- fibrosis that was positive for Azan staining was observed around the glomeruli and in the tubular interstitium.
- Reference example 1-2 The evaluation test in the high fat diet-induced type II diabetes model mouse was performed according to the test plan shown in FIG. Eight-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice were fed a high fat diet containing 60% lard (High-Fat Diet 32, Japan Marie) to induce diabetes. 28 weeks after the start of feeding, the prepared high-fat diet-induced type II diabetes model mice were divided into 3 groups, and the HFD-Control-MSC group had a phosphate buffer solution of 250 ⁇ L containing 1 ⁇ 10 4 Control / MSC (body weight). Was administered 4 times every 2 weeks, and 2 mg / kg (body weight) of MSC-CM was administered once a day for 5 days a week for the HFD-MSC-CM group.
- the HFD-Vehicle group was administered with 250 ⁇ L of phosphate buffer as a vehicle 4 times every 2 weeks or once a day for 5 days a week.
- An 8-week treatment test was conducted, and Example 9-1.
- Various measurements were performed in the same manner as above.
- FIG. MSC-CM like Control-MSC, reduced the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio.
- FIG. 52 shows a microscope observation image of kidney tissue section staining.
- the HFD-Vehicle group showed an increase in glomerular mesangial matrix, deposition of PAS staining positive diffuse material, thickening of glomerular capillaries and basement membranes, and hyaline-like changes in the import / export arteries and arteriole walls. It was.
- degeneration (unevenness) of the booklet edge of the proximal tubular epithelium was observed. These changes were suppressed in the HFD-Control-MSC group and the HFD-MSC-CM group.
- MSC-CM has the same therapeutic effect for diabetic nephropathy as Control-MSC.
- the present invention it is possible to activate abnormal mesenchymal stem cells having a disease treatment effect lost or reduced, or rather having a disease exacerbation effect.
- the activated mesenchymal stem cells can be used for treatment and / or prevention of various diseases.
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Abstract
Description
(1)哺乳動物の胎児付属物からの抽出物を有効成分として含有する、異常な間葉系幹細胞の賦活化剤。
(2)胎児付属物が臍帯組織、胎盤組織または卵膜である、(1)に記載の賦活化剤。
(3)前記抽出物が、前記哺乳動物由来の増殖能を有する細胞を含まない、(1)または(2)に記載の賦活化剤。
(4)前記異常な間葉系幹細胞が骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞である、(1)から(3)のいずれか一項に記載の賦活化剤。
(5)前記異常な間葉系幹細胞が、疾患を有する対象から分離されたものである、(1)から(4)のいずれか一項に記載の賦活化剤。
(6)前記疾患が、糖尿病、自己免疫疾患、慢性炎症性疾患、アレルギー性疾患または骨粗鬆症である、(5)に記載の賦活化剤。
(7)前記疾患が糖尿病または関節リウマチである、(5)に記載の賦活化剤。
(8)対象から分離された異常な間葉系幹細胞を、哺乳動物の胎児付属物からの抽出物を有効成分として含有する賦活化剤で処理する工程を含む、賦活化された間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
(9)前記異常な間葉系幹細胞が骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞である、(8)に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
(10)前記対象が疾患を有する対象である、(8)または(9)に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
(11)前記疾患が、糖尿病、自己免疫疾患、慢性炎症性疾患、アレルギー性疾患または骨粗鬆症である、(10)に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
(12)前記疾患が糖尿病または関節リウマチである、(10)に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
(13)(8)から(12)のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造された、疾患治療および/または予防用の間葉系幹細胞。
(14)前記疾患が糖尿病もしくはその合併症、自己免疫疾患、慢性炎症性疾患、アレルギー性疾患または骨粗鬆症である、(13)に記載の間葉系幹細胞。
(15)前記疾患が糖尿病性腎症、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性神経障害または関節リウマチである、(13)に記載の間葉系幹細胞。
(16)(13)から(15)のいずれか一項に記載の間葉系幹細胞および/またはその培養物を含む、疾患治療および/または予防用の医薬。
胎児付属物は、妊娠時に子宮内で形成される胎児の発育を支える役割を担う器官であり、胎盤、臍帯、卵膜(羊膜、絨毛膜、脱落膜の3層からなる)および羊水から構成される。胎盤は、胎児と母体との間の物質交換を行う場として機能する絨毛組織であって、様々な増殖因子やサイトカインを含み、ホルモン産生も行っている。臍帯は、胎児と胎盤をつなぐ器官であり、2本の臍帯動脈と1本の臍帯静脈、ワルトン膠質、臍帯間質と呼ばれる結合組織、およびその周囲を覆う羊膜鞘から構成される。
間葉系幹細胞は、間葉系組織の間質細胞の中に微量に存在する多分化能および自己複製能を有する幹細胞であり、骨芽細胞、軟骨細胞、脂肪細胞、筋細胞といった間葉系に属する細胞に分化するだけでなく、神経細胞や肝細胞などにも胚葉を超えて分化することができる。また、間葉系幹細胞はさらに、自身が産生する液性因子によるパラクライン効果および細胞接着相互作用も有することが知られている。
本発明の賦活化剤は、異常な間葉系幹細胞を賦活化させることができる。
本発明の第三の態様は、前記第二の態様の製造方法により製造された、疾患治療および/または予防用の間葉系幹細胞、ならびに該間葉系幹細胞および/またはその培養物を含む、疾患治療および/または予防用の医薬に関する。
臍帯組織は、母体に合併症のない帝王切開手術施行ヒト症例(n=20)の胎盤娩出直後に、臍帯根部から切断することにより採取した。採取した臍帯組織を滅菌容器に回収し、氷上で保持した。
1) 生理食塩水で臍帯組織に付着した血液および血管内の血液を可能な限り洗い流した。
2) ガラス製の培養皿に、無血清および抗生剤非添加のα-MEM細胞培養用培地を10~30mL分取した。
3) 洗浄した臍帯組織を湿重量で約5g毎に分割し、培養皿1枚あたり約5gの臍帯組織を入れた。
4) 培養皿の培地の中で、ピンセットおよび先鋭のハサミを用いて羊膜鞘を長軸方向に切開した。
5) さらに長軸方向に走行する臍帯動脈、臍帯静脈をピンセットでワルトン膠質から剥離した。
6) さらにワルトン膠質および羊膜鞘を、ピンセットを用いて5mm程の幅で長軸方向に細切した。
7) 5)および6)で得られた臍帯血管、ワルトン膠質および羊膜鞘のすべてを含む培地を、50mLのサンプル管に回収した。
8) 7)を4℃の冷蔵庫内で振とう機の上に水平に置き、70~100rpmの強度で72時間、往復振とうさせた。
9) 72時間後にサンプル管を4℃、2000rpm(300×g)で5分間遠心分離した。
10) 9)の上清を回収して、臍帯組織抽出物(以下、「WJ」ともいう)を得た。抽出物は、滅菌容器内で4℃または-80℃で保存し、以降の実施例および参考例において用いた。なお、特に記載がないかぎり、上記2)で使用したα-MEM培地の量は20mLであり、抽出物は4℃で保存した。
実施例1において調製された臍帯組織抽出物について、以下の分析を行った。
抽出物について、蛍光顕微鏡(位相差観察付)BZ9000(キーエンス)またはTE200(ニコン)を用いた位相差顕微鏡観察を行った。網目状の細胞外マトリクス成分のほか、臍帯血に由来すると考えられる赤血球が見出されたが、その他の増殖能を有する細胞の存在は認められなかった(図1A)。
抽出物に含まれる増殖因子(IGF-1、EGF、PDGF-AB、FGFb)(16ロットの抽出物を使用)、ヒアルロン酸(8ロットの抽出物を使用)、L-グルタミン酸(19ロットの抽出物を使用)の量をELISAで測定した。測定の際、IGF-1はHuman IGF-I Quantikine ELISA Kit(R&D Systems)、EGFはHuman EGF Quantikine ELISA Kit(R&D Systems)、PDGF-ABはHuman PDGF-AB Quantikine ELISA Kit(R&D Systems)、FGFbはHuman FGF basic Quantikine ELISA Kit(R&D Systems)、ヒアルロン酸はHyaluronan Quantikine ELISA Kit(R&D Systems)、L-グルタミン酸はF-キット L-グルタミン酸測定キット(J.K.International)を用いた。なお、ヒアルロン酸およびL-グルタミン酸については、4℃のほか-80℃で保存した抽出物についても測定を行った。L-グルタミン酸については、10mL、20mLまたは30mLの抽出媒体(α-MEM培地)を使用して調製した抽出物について測定を行った。
結果を図2に示す。抽出媒体の量を増やすと抽出物中のL-グルタミン酸濃度は若干減少した(図2C)。また、抽出物の保存温度は、測定した成分の含有量に大きな影響を与えなかった(図2B、C)。
10mL、20mLまたは30mLの抽出媒体(α-MEM培地)を使用して調製し、4℃および-80℃で保存した抽出物(それぞれ15ロット)の粘度を音叉型振動式粘度計SV-1A(A&D)で測定した。結果を図3に示す。L-グルタミン酸含有量の結果と同様に、使用した抽出媒体の量に依存して粘度は低下し、また保存温度は粘度に影響しなかった。
臍帯組織抽出物から、Total Exosome Isolation Kit(Invitrogen)を用いてエクソソーム分画を抽出した。エクソソーム分画をペレットとして回収後、電子顕微鏡観察を行った。
臍帯組織抽出物(6ロット、4℃で14~90日間保存したもの)にFBSを最終濃度10%になるように添加した後、培養皿に播種し、37℃、5%CO2下で96時間の培養を行った。培養後の位相差顕微鏡観察像を図5に示す。抽出物中に含まれるコラーゲン線維や赤血球等は観察されたものの、培養皿に接着して増殖してくる細胞は認められなかった。このことから、抽出物には臍帯組織由来の増殖能を有する細胞が含まれないことが示された。
3-1.間葉系幹細胞の採取
8週齢の雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)ラット(日本SLC)に、40mg/kg体重に相当する量のSTZを含有するSTZクエン酸緩衝液溶液500μLを、尾静脈内投与した。ラットの血糖値は、STZを投与した1週間後から600mg/dL以上となり、高血糖状態となった。STZ投与8週間後にラットを屠殺し、長管骨を採取した。長管骨から全骨髄細胞を回収し、150cm2の培養皿に播種し、培養を行った。培養は、15%FBS、1%ペニシリン、1%ストレプトマイシン、100mg/dLグルコースを含有するα-MEM培地を用いて、20%O2下、37℃で行った。72時間後に培地を交換し、非接着細胞を除去することにより、骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞(DM-MSC、Passage0(P0))を接着細胞として得た。なお以降、数字を伴って用いられる「Passage」または「P」は細胞の継代回数を意味する。例えばP0の細胞とは継代回数がゼロ回である、すなわち継代を行っていない初代培養細胞を表し、P1の細胞とは継代回数が1回の細胞を表す。
実施例1の抽出物を1.0mg/mLになるように添加したα-MEM培地(15%FBS、1%ペニシリン、1%ストレプトマイシンを含有)中で、P1のDM-MSCを、20%O2下、37℃で48時間~96時間培養することにより、賦活化処理を行った。培養皿に接着した細胞が85%~90%コンフルエントになった時点で継代し、抽出物添加培地を用いて同様に培養した。このように継代培養したP3の細胞をDM-MSC-WJ(+)とした。
上述の3-1.および3-2.で得られた間葉系幹細胞について、以下の評価を行った。
(1)MTTアッセイ
各々の間葉系幹細胞を96ウエル マルチウエル培養皿に播種し、24時間後に実施例1の抽出物(15ロット)を0.5~1.0mg/mLになるように添加した、あるいは非添加のα-MEM培地を用いて48時間培養した。添加開始時を0時として、24時間後または48時間後にWST8(Water soluble Tetrazolium salts、DOJINDO)を各々のウエルに添加した。ホルマザン色素へ還元する酵素活性を測定し、細胞の増殖率を解析した(図6)。賦活化処理後のDM-MSC-WJ(+)は、DM-MSC-WJ(-)と比べて高い増殖能を示した。
実施例2と同様に位相差顕微鏡観察を行った。DM-MSC-WJ(-)は、突起の少ない平坦な線維芽細胞様の細胞であった。一方、DM-MSC-WJ(+)は、Control-MSC以上に突起数が多く、また細胞の厚みが増していることがわかった(図7)。
実施例2と同様に電子顕微鏡観察を行った。DM-MSC-WJ(-)は、ミトコンドリアの数がControl-MSCと比べて減少していた(図8)。また、DM-MSC-WJ(-)では、ミトコンドリア内のクリステの膨化のほか、小胞体ストレス状態を示す小胞体の顕著な拡張が認められた(図9)。これらの形態異常はDM-MSC-WJ(+)において、改善が認められた。
細胞の増殖能を、Ki67染色および細胞増殖、分化、生存促進作用などを媒介するリン酸化酵素であるシグナル伝達因子ERK(Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase)1/2の活性化によりさらに評価した。
各々の間葉系幹細胞をチャンバースライドに播種したのち、実施例1の抽出物(1ロット)を1.0mg/mLになるように添加した、あるいは非添加のα-MEM培地を用いて48時間培養した。培養後、4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、Cy3で標識した抗Ki67抗体(abcam)を用いたKi67染色を行った。細胞核はDAPI(DOJINDO)で染色した。共焦点レーザースキャン顕微鏡システムLSM 510 META(ZEISS)を用いて観察し、DAPI陽性細胞およびKi67陽性細胞の数をカウントした。結果を図10に示す。一定期間において増殖した全細胞数においては、賦活化処理後のDM-MSC-WJ(+)はDM-MSC-WJ(-)に比較して有意に増加した。一方、増殖活性を呈するKi67陽性細胞の割合は、DM-MSC-WJ(-)はControl-MSCと比べて有意に低く、賦活化処理後のDM-MSC-WJ(+)ではControl-MSCと同程度に回復した。すなわち、実施例1の抽出物により細胞が賦活化されたことが示された。
各々の間葉系幹細胞を播種したのち、実施例1の抽出物(7ロット)を1.0mg/mLになるように添加した、あるいは非添加のα-MEM培地を用いて48時間培養した。細胞を回収し、常法に従ってタンパク質を抽出してウエスタンブロット法にて解析した。ERK1/2は抗ERK1/2抗体(SantaCruz)、リン酸化ERK1/2は抗p-ERK1/2抗体(Cell Signaling Technology)、β-アクチンは抗β-アクチン抗体(Sigma)を用いて検出した。結果を図11に示す。賦活化処理後のDM-MSC-WJ(+)では、DM-MSC-WJ(-)と比べて、リン酸化されたERK1/2の発現が上昇していたことから、賦活化処理によりERK1/2が活性化されたことが示された。
各々の間葉系幹細胞を播種したのち、実施例1の抽出物(5ロット)を1.0mg/mLになるように添加した、あるいは非添加のα-MEM培地を用いて48時間培養した。細胞を回収し、常法に従ってタンパク質を抽出し、小胞体ストレス関連タンパク質の発現をウエスタンブロット法にて解析した。BiP(Binding immunoglobulin Protein)は抗BiP抗体(Cell Signaling Technology)、CHOP(C/EBP-Homologous Protein)は抗CHOP抗体(Cell Signaling Technology)、Ero1-L(Ero1-Like protein)αは抗Ero1-Lα抗体(Cell Signaling Technology)、JNK(c-Jun N-terminal Kinase)1/3は抗JNK1/3抗体(SantaCruz)を用いて検出した。結果を図12に示す。賦活化処理後のDM-MSC-WJ(+)では、DM-MSC-WJ(-)と比べて、BiP、CHOPおよびJNK1/3の発現が減少し、Ero1-Lαの発現が増加した。この結果は、細胞の電子顕微鏡観察において認められた結果と同様、賦活化処理により小胞体ストレスが抑制されることを示している。
各々の間葉系幹細胞からmRNAを抽出した(試薬;TRI reagent、Molecular Research Center,Inc.)。表2に示す因子の発現をリアルタイムPCR法(試薬;Power SYBR(登録商標)Green PCR Master Mix、Applied Biosystems、機器;Applied Biosystems7500リアルタイムPCRシステム)で解析した。なお、各因子の発現量を正規化するための対照としてグリセルアルデヒド3リン酸脱水素酵素(GAPDH)を用いた。
各々の間葉系幹細胞を脂肪分化誘導培地(試薬;Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functional Identification Kit、R&D Systems)中で培養し、14日間分化誘導を行った。その後、細胞をOil red O(SIGMA)で染色した。明視野顕微鏡観察像を図14に示す。DM-MSC-WJ(+)ではDM-MSC-WJ(-)と比べて細胞数が増加しているものの、全細胞に占めるOil red O陽性細胞の割合は同程度であった。したがって、賦活化処理は、間葉系幹細胞が本来保持する脂肪分化能に影響を与えないことが示された。
DM-MSC-WJ(+)の表面抗原の発現を、抗CD90抗体(Immunotec)、抗CD44抗体(Immunotec)、抗CD45抗体(Immunotec)、抗CD43抗体(Immunotec)、抗CD31抗体(Immunotec)、抗CD11b抗体(Immunotec)、抗HLA-DR抗体(abcam)を用いてフローサイトメトリーで解析した(機器;BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer)。図15に示すように、DM-MSC-WJ(+)は、間葉系幹細胞のマーカーであるCD90を発現し、ネガティブマーカーであるCD44、CD45、CD43、CD31、CD11b、HLA-DRを発現していなかった。このことから、賦活化処理は間葉系幹細胞の細胞表面抗原に影響を与えないことが示唆された。
I型糖尿病のモデルであるSTZ投与ラット、およびII型糖尿病のモデルであるOLETFラットを用いて、賦活化に必要な臍帯組織抽出物の濃度を検討し、合わせて血清成分の存在が臍帯組織抽出物の賦活化能に与える影響を評価した。
STZ投与ラットおよびOLETFラット(6月齢)から実施例3の3-1.と同様に調製した間葉系幹細胞に対し、抽出物添加濃度を0.1mg/mL~2.0mg/mLの範囲に設定して、3-2.と同様に賦活化処理を行った。MTTアッセイおよび細胞形態観察の結果から、いずれの糖尿病ラットの間葉系幹細胞においても0.5mg/mL以上の抽出物添加濃度で十分な賦活化を確認した(図16および図17)。
FBSを除いたα-MEM培地を使用して4-1.と同様にSTZ投与ラットおよびOLETFラットの間葉系幹細胞を培養し、MTTアッセイおよび細胞形態観察を行った。結果を図18および図19に示す。FBS非添加かつ抽出物添加下で培養した細胞は、FBS添加かつ抽出物添加下で培養した細胞と比べて極度に増殖能が低下しており、細胞形態にもほとんど変化は認められなかった。
II型糖尿病患者(69歳女性、HbA1c値6.8%)より採取した骨髄液から実施例3と同様の手法で間葉系幹細胞を調製し、これを用いて臍帯組織抽出物の添加濃度検討、および血清成分非存在下での賦活化能の評価を実施例4と同様に行った。
胎盤は、帝王切開手術施行ヒト症例(n=2)より摘出後、滅菌バックに入れ、4℃で搬送および保存を行った。搬送後24時間以内に組織を凍結保存(-80℃)した後、あるいは、凍結させずにそのまま、以下のように各組織を切り離し、抽出物を調製した。
1) 胎盤を滅菌バックから取り出し、生理食塩水で余分な成分を可及的に洗浄した。
2) 胎盤を平トレイにうつし、卵膜と、膜を剥離した母体側胎盤組織とに分離した。
3) 卵膜および母体側胎盤組織それぞれの湿重量を測定し、湿重量50gに対して100mLの割合で無血清培地(α-MEM)をコニカルチューブ(225mL)に入れ、重量に応じて必要な本数を準備した。
4) 卵膜および母体側胎盤組織それぞれを、ハサミを用いてすべて5mm角に細切し、3)で準備したコニカルチューブに入れた。
5) 4)のコニカルチューブを密栓して口部をパラフィルムで被覆した後、横に寝かせて振とう器に固定し、4℃で8の字振とう、80rpmで72時間振とうした。
6) 72時間後、5)のコニカルチューブを4℃で1000xg、5分間遠心し、上清を新しいコニカルチューブに回収した。
7) 6)で回収した上清を再度、4℃で1000xg、5分間遠心して上清を回収することで、赤血球成分、胎盤組織等の夾雑物を除去した。
8) 7)で回収した上清を適宜分注後、使用時まで-80℃で凍結保存した。
臍帯組織抽出物に含まれる構成成分であるL-グルタミン酸、ヒアルロン酸、エクソソームについて、間葉系幹細胞の賦活化能を評価した。
胎盤組織抽出物および卵膜抽出物のエクソソーム分画による間葉系幹細胞の賦活化について、実施例7と同様に評価した。結果を図29に示す。胎盤組織抽出物または卵膜抽出物のエクソソーム分画で賦活化された間葉系幹細胞は、増殖能、細胞形態、JNK1/3およびα-SMA発現量のいずれも臍帯組織抽出物のエクソソーム分画の場合と同様の傾向を示した。実施例7および実施例8の結果から、胎児付属物からの抽出物中のエクソソーム分画は、間葉系幹細胞の賦活化に寄与する成分の少なくとも一つであることが示された。
実施例1の抽出物によって賦活化された間葉系幹細胞(MSC)について、糖尿病性腎症モデルマウスを用いて治療効果を評価した。
使用したMSCを、以下に示す。
Control-MSCおよびDM-MSC-WJ(-):実施例3の3-2.で得たP3の細胞を用いた。
DM-MSC-WJ(+):P1のDM-MSCのみを抽出物添加培地で培養し、その後は抽出物を含まない培地を用いたこと以外は、実施例3の3-2.と同様に継代培養したP3の細胞を用いた(図30A)。
実施例3の3-2.で得たP3のControl-MSC、DM-MSC-WJ(-)およびDM-MSC-WJ(+)(賦活化プロトコールを図34Aに示す)を用いて、上記9-1.と同様に治療効果の評価を行った(図34B)。結果を図35~図37に示す。
実施例1の抽出物によって賦活化されたMSCについて、糖尿病性腎症モデルラットを用いて治療効果を評価した。以下に特に記述がないかぎり、実施例3の3-1.および3-2.、ならびに実施例9に記載された手法を用いた。
雄性STZ誘導I型糖尿病ラットの骨髄細胞を、抽出物を含まない培地で2回、抽出物を含まない培地または抽出物0.5mg/mL添加培地で1回継代培養し、得られたP3のMSC(それぞれDM-MSC-WJ(-)およびDM-MSC-WJ(+))を以下の試験に用いた(図38A)。
6月齢の雄性OLETF II型糖尿病モデルラットの骨髄細胞を、抽出物を含まない培地で2回、抽出物を含まない培地または抽出物0.5mg/mL添加培地で1回継代培養し、P3のMSC(それぞれOLETF-DM-MSC-WJ(-)およびOLETF-DM-MSC-WJ(+))を得た。また、コントロールとして正常野生株ラットの骨髄細胞を、抽出物を含まない培地で3回継代培養して、P3のMSC(Control-MSC)を得た(図40A)。これらのMSCを以下の試験に用いた。
11-1.間葉系幹細胞の採取および賦活化処理
7~9週齢の雌性Lewisラット(日本SLC)を用いて関節リウマチ(RA)ラットを作製した。関節炎の感作には、完全フロイントアジュバント(結核死菌20mg/mL、Chondrex)およびウシII型コラーゲン溶液(II型コラーゲン2mg/mL、Chondrex)をそれぞれ等量混合してエマルジョンを作製し、1匹あたり結核死菌2mgおよびII型コラーゲン0.2mgを含むエマルジョンを尾根部に投与した。さらに、同濃度のエマルジョンを7~10日おきに4~5回継続投与し、関節炎を発症させた。
RAラット間葉系幹細胞の異常化を確認するため、11-1.でRAラットまたは正常ラットから採取した骨髄細胞を別途、10cm2培養皿に1x106個播種し、P0として培養した。10日後にそれぞれの培養皿をメタノール固定してWright-Giemsa染色を行い、直径2mm以上のコロニー数を計測した。コロニー形成数はControl-MSC(7週齢)が26個、Control-MSC(12週齢)が20個、RA-MSC(14週齢)が3個であり、RA-MSCでコロニー形成能の低下を認めた。
11-1.と同様に作製したエマルジョン初回投与から30日後の関節炎発症RAラット12匹を4群(n=3)に分け、RA-Vehicle群、Control-MSC群、RA-MSC群、RA-MSC-WJ群として処置した(図43B)。P3として培養したControl-MSC、RA-MSC、RA-MSC-WJは1x104個/g(体重)を1mLのα-MEM培地で懸濁し尾静脈から投与した。Vehicle群には、α-MEM培地のみ1mL尾静脈投与した。処置後6日にはエマルジョンを初回感作の半量投与した。処置後0日をベースラインとし、処置後3日、5日、11日の足部腫脹を計測した。さらに、足関節部(上部、後部、足根部)、中足部、足趾部(Metatarsophalangeal:MTP関節、Proximal Inter-phalangeal;PIP関節)の目視観察を行い、腫脹および変形が認められた場合にそれぞれ0.1を加算することで、その合計点として関節スコアを算出した。さらに、Rat C-Reactive Protein ELISA Kit(eBioscience)により血清CRP値を測定した。
実施例3の3-2.で得たP3のControl-MSCおよびこのMSCの培養上清(MSC-CM)について、糖尿病性腎症に対する治療効果を評価した。MSC-CMは、P3の培養液を遠心分離して得た上清を用いた。
試験は、図47に示す試験計画にしたがって行った。実施例9の9-1.と同様に作製したSTZ投与マウスを3群に分け、STZ-Control-MSC群にはControl-MSCを1x104個/g(体重)含むリン酸緩衝液250μLを4週おきに2回投与し、STZ-MSC-CM群には2mg/kg(体重)のMSC-CMを1日1回、週5日間投与した。また、STZ-Vehicle群にはビークルとしてリン酸緩衝液250μLを4週おきに2回、または1日1回、週5日間、投与した。実施例9の9-1.と同様に8週間の治療試験を行い、各種測定を行った。さらに、採取した腎臓の組織切片を作製し、PAS染色およびAzan染色を行った。
試験は、図50に示す試験計画にしたがって行った。8週齢の雄性C57BL/6マウスに60%ラードを含有する高脂肪食(High-Fat Diet 32、日本クレア)を給餌し、糖尿病を誘導した。給餌開始から28週間後、作製した高脂肪食誘導II型糖尿病モデルマウスを3群に分け、HFD-Control-MSC群にはControl-MSCを1x104個/g(体重)含むリン酸緩衝液250μLを2週おきに4回投与し、HFD-MSC-CM群には2mg/kg(体重)のMSC-CMを1日1回、週5日間投与した。また、HFD-Vehicle群にはビークルとしてリン酸緩衝液250μLを2週おきに4回、または1日1回、週5日間、投与した。8週間の治療試験を行い、実施例9の9-1.と同様に各種測定を行った。
Claims (16)
- 哺乳動物の胎児付属物からの抽出物を有効成分として含有する、異常な間葉系幹細胞の賦活化剤。
- 胎児付属物が臍帯組織、胎盤組織または卵膜である、請求項1に記載の賦活化剤。
- 前記抽出物が、前記哺乳動物由来の増殖能を有する細胞を含まない、請求項1または2に記載の賦活化剤。
- 前記異常な間葉系幹細胞が骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の賦活化剤。
- 前記異常な間葉系幹細胞が、疾患を有する対象から分離されたものである、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の賦活化剤。
- 前記疾患が、糖尿病、自己免疫疾患、慢性炎症性疾患、アレルギー性疾患または骨粗鬆症である、請求項5に記載の賦活化剤。
- 前記疾患が糖尿病または関節リウマチである、請求項5に記載の賦活化剤。
- 対象から分離された異常な間葉系幹細胞を、哺乳動物の胎児付属物からの抽出物を有効成分として含有する賦活化剤で処理する工程を含む、賦活化された間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
- 前記異常な間葉系幹細胞が骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞である、請求項8に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
- 前記対象が疾患を有する対象である、請求項8または請求項9に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
- 前記疾患が、糖尿病、自己免疫疾患、慢性炎症性疾患、アレルギー性疾患または骨粗鬆症である、請求項10に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
- 前記疾患が糖尿病または関節リウマチである、請求項10に記載の間葉系幹細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項8から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の方法により製造された、疾患治療および/または予防用の間葉系幹細胞。
- 前記疾患が糖尿病もしくはその合併症、自己免疫疾患、慢性炎症性疾患、アレルギー性疾患または骨粗鬆症である、請求項13に記載の間葉系幹細胞。
- 前記疾患が糖尿病性腎症、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性神経障害または関節リウマチである、請求項13に記載の間葉系幹細胞。
- 請求項13から請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の間葉系幹細胞および/またはその培養物を含む、疾患治療および/または予防用の医薬。
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WO2017188458A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | 骨格筋前駆細胞及び骨格筋細胞の製造方法 |
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CN114703132A (zh) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 深圳丹伦基因科技有限公司 | 一种细胞外囊泡在制备缓解iPSC-MSCs衰老培养基的应用 |
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US10512660B2 (en) | 2019-12-24 |
KR20160131112A (ko) | 2016-11-15 |
US20170071984A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
JPWO2015137419A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
EP3118307A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
KR102260122B1 (ko) | 2021-06-03 |
JP6555691B2 (ja) | 2019-08-07 |
EP3118307A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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