WO2015119239A1 - Transparent conductive film, method for producing transparent conductive film, and electronic device formed using transparent conductive film - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a transparent conductive film having excellent moist heat characteristics, a method for producing said transparent conductive film, and an electronic device formed using such a transparent conductive film. This transparent conductive film is provided, on at least one side of a resin substrate, with a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film that is formed according to a sputtering method, wherein the zinc oxide film includes zinc oxide and is formed by doping gallium and indium, and if, in relation to the total content (100 atom%) of zinc content, gallium content, oxygen content, and indium content according to XPS elemental analysis measurement, the indium content is configured to a value within the range of 0.01-25 atom%, if the gallium content is configured to a value within the range of 0.1-10 atom%, if the initial specific resistance is termed ρ_0, and if the specific resistance after storing for 500 hours under conditions of 60°C and 95% relative humidity is termed ρ₅₀₀, then the ratio represented by ρ₅₀₀/ρ₀ is configured to a value of 1.5 or less, and the film thickness of the zinc oxide film is configured to a value within the range of 20-300 nm.

Description

Transparent conductive film, method for producing transparent conductive film, and electronic device using transparent conductive film

The present invention relates to a transparent conductive film, a method for producing a transparent conductive film, and an electronic device using the transparent conductive film, and in particular, a transparent conductive film having excellent gas barrier properties and wet heat characteristics, and production of such a transparent conductive film. The present invention relates to a method and an electronic device using such a transparent conductive film.

Conventionally, in an image display device provided with a liquid crystal device or an organic electroluminescence device (organic EL element), a transparent conductive film using tin-doped indium oxide as a material for forming a transparent conductive layer has been widely used.
On the other hand, a transparent conductive film using zinc oxide having excellent transparency and surface smoothness has been proposed as an alternative to a transparent conductive layer using tin-doped indium oxide containing a large amount of indium which is an expensive and rare metal.
More specifically, a transparent conductive film is proposed in which an Al ₂ O ₃ thin film is formed on an organic polymer film substrate, and a GZO thin film of ZnO doped with Ga is formed thereon. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

In addition, a low-resistivity transparent conductor has been proposed which has a zinc oxide as a main component and a dopant whose concentration can be easily controlled.
That is, a transparent conductor composed of zinc oxide, indium oxide, and gallium oxide, and a low-resistivity transparent conductor in which the element concentrations of indium and gallium are each within a predetermined range has been proposed (for example, Patent Documents). 2).

On the other hand, a transparent conductive zinc oxide film doped with a specific element has been proposed for the purpose of obtaining excellent moisture and heat resistance characteristics even at an extremely thin film level.
That is, a first element composed of Ga and / or Al and a second element composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of In, Bi, Se, Ce, Cu, Er, and Eu are added to zinc oxide. A transparent conductive zinc oxide film having a specific resistance value within a predetermined range before and after a predetermined wet heat test, and a transparent value in which the atomic quantity ratio between the zinc and the second element and the film thickness are specified within the predetermined range. A conductive zinc oxide film has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 3).

Furthermore, in order to solve the problems of sputtering targets such as high content of indium and gallium and easy to increase the thickness, ion plating targets for transparent conductive zinc oxide thin films with excellent heat and moisture resistance, and obtained from them. A transparent conductive zinc oxide thin film has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 4).
More specifically, it is composed of a sintered body in which zinc oxide contains a predetermined amount of gallium and indium, and the obtained transparent conductive zinc oxide thin film has an In / Ga mass ratio of 0.01 to 0.00. This is an ion plating target having a value of less than 6.

Japanese Patent No. 4917897 (Claims etc.) JP 2006-147325 A (Claims etc.) JP 2013-147727 A (Claims etc.) JP 2011-74779 A (Claims etc.)

However, although the transparent conductive film disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires an Al ₂ O ₃ thin film as an undercoat layer, the zinc oxide film doped only with gallium still has insufficient moisture and heat resistance characteristics. There was a problem.
Moreover, although the low resistivity transparent conductor disclosed in Patent Document 2 has improved the resistivity, there has been a problem that no consideration has been given to the wet heat characteristics.

Moreover, although the transparent conductive zinc oxide film disclosed in Patent Document 3 has some wet heat characteristics, the film forming conditions are relatively severe, and the film thickness must be 140 nm or less. However, there has been a problem that the application is relatively narrow and limited.
Further, the transparent conductive zinc oxide film disclosed in Patent Document 4 cannot be formed by a general-purpose sputtering apparatus, and is characterized by being formed by expensive ion plating. There was a problem that it became an economic disadvantage.

Accordingly, as a result of intensive studies on such problems, the present inventors combined a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method, and the zinc oxide film contains a predetermined amount of gallium and indium. The inventors have found that excellent gas barrier properties and wet heat characteristics can be obtained by having a specific resistance and a film thickness of predetermined values, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention uses a transparent conductive film having excellent gas barrier properties and wet heat characteristics that can be formed using a general-purpose sputtering apparatus, a method for producing such a transparent conductive film, and such a transparent conductive film. An object is to provide an electronic device.

According to the present invention, a transparent conductive film including a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface of a resin base material, the zinc oxide film containing zinc oxide. In addition, a zinc oxide film doped with gallium and indium, and the amount of indium with respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount and indium amount by XPS elemental analysis measurement The value is within the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, the gallium amount is within the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, the initial specific resistance is ρ ₀ , and the temperature is 60 ° C. and the relative humidity is 95% for 500 hours. When the specific resistance after storage is ρ ₅₀₀ , the ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is 1.5 or less, and the thickness of the zinc oxide film is in the range of 20 to 300 nm. When The transparent conductive film characterized by doing is provided, and the problem mentioned above can be solved.
That is, the zinc oxide film constituting a part of the present invention contains a predetermined amount of gallium and indium and is combined with a gas barrier layer, so that even a relatively thin film has extremely good wet heat characteristics. And gas barrier properties.
In addition, since the zinc oxide film is formed by a general-purpose sputtering method and has a predetermined blending composition and film thickness, it can exhibit suitable light transmittance and conductivity, and is economically advantageous. It is.
As will be described later, the zinc oxide film is measured by XPS analysis in the film thickness direction as shown in FIG. 2 or elemental analysis by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) as shown in FIG. In some cases, the present invention includes a plurality of regions (first region and second region) having a non-uniform concentration distribution regarding the amount of zinc, the amount of gallium, the amount of oxygen, and the amount of indium. Even so, the zinc oxide film is treated as a single layer (the same applies hereinafter).

In constructing the present invention, when the initial specific resistance in the zinc oxide film is ρ ₀ and the specific resistance after storage for 1000 hours at 60 ° C. and a relative humidity of 95% is ρ ₁₀₀₀ , _The ratio represented by ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ is preferably set to a value of 2.0 or less.
By comprising in this way, the transparent conductive film which is further excellent in wet heat characteristics can be obtained.

In constituting the present invention, the resin substrate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, cycloolefin copolymer, cycloolefin polymer, polyether sulfone, and polyimide. It is preferable.
By comprising in this way, a softness | flexibility and transparency can be provided to a transparent conductive film.

In constituting the present invention, the gas barrier layer is selected from metals, inorganic oxides, inorganic nitrides, inorganic oxynitrides, inorganic carbides, inorganic sulfides, inorganic oxynitride carbides, polymer compounds, and composites thereof. It is preferable to consist of at least one selected from the above.
By comprising in this way, a gas barrier layer can exhibit sufficient gas barrier property.

In configuring the present invention, it is preferable that the water vapor permeability of the gas barrier layer is 0.1 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ or less.
By limiting the water vapor transmission rate in this way, even if water vapor or the like permeates through the resin base material, further penetration of the water vapor or the like is prevented, and as a result, deterioration of the zinc oxide film is prevented. be able to.

Another embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device characterized by using any of the transparent conductive films described above as a transparent electrode.
Thus, the long-term stability of an electronic device can be suitably achieved by using a transparent conductive film excellent in wet heat characteristics and gas barrier properties as a transparent electrode.

Still another embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a transparent conductive film comprising a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface of a resin base material, the following steps: A method for producing a transparent conductive film comprising (1) to (3).
(1) Step of preparing a resin base material and a sintered body, respectively (2) Step of forming a gas barrier layer on at least one surface of the resin base material (3) On the gas barrier layer, a sintered body using a sputtering method To zinc oxide film containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium, and the total amount of zinc, gallium, oxygen and indium by XPS elemental analysis (100 atom%) On the other hand, the amount of indium is set to a value in the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, the amount of gallium is set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, the initial specific resistance of the zinc oxide film is set to ρ _0, and 60 ° C. When the specific resistance after storage for 500 hours at a relative humidity of 95% is ρ ₅₀₀ , the ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is 1.5 or less, and the film thickness is 20-300n Step of forming a zinc oxide film having a value within the range of m That is, by manufacturing in this way, a transparent conductive film excellent in wet heat characteristics and gas barrier properties can be stably manufactured.

In practicing the present invention, the temperature of the resin base material when forming the zinc oxide film on the resin base material is preferably set to a value within the range of 10 to 150 ° C.
By manufacturing in this way, the types of resin base materials that can be used increase, so that it is possible not only to manufacture a transparent conductive film that can be used for many purposes, but also economically advantageous.

1 (a) to 1 (d) are diagrams for explaining each aspect of the transparent conductive film of the present invention. FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c) are views for explaining the zinc oxide film (first region and second region) in the transparent conductive film (Example 4) of the present invention based on XPS measurement. FIG. 3 is a diagram provided for explaining the zinc oxide film (first region and second region) based on SIMS measurement. FIG. 4 is a photograph provided to explain the crystal structure of a zinc oxide film (GZO) or the like in the transparent conductive film of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction chart by an In Plane method of a zinc oxide film containing zinc, gallium, and oxygen and doped with indium in the transparent conductive film of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart on the 002 plane of the zinc oxide film in the transparent conductive film of the present invention by the Out of Plane method. FIG. 7 illustrates the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (Example 1 etc.) in comparison with the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 1 etc. with a constant indium amount (0.3 wt%). FIG. FIG. 8 is for explaining the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (Example 4 etc.) in comparison with the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 3 etc. with the indium content (1.0 wt%) being constant. FIG. FIG. 9 illustrates the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (Example 7 and the like) in comparison with the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 5 and the like with a constant indium amount (5.0% by weight). FIG. FIG. 10 is used to explain the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (Example 1) in comparison with the transparent conductive film of Example 4 or the like, with the number of gas barrier layers (one layer) being constant. FIG. FIG. 11 is used to explain the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (Example 2) in comparison with the transparent conductive film of Example 5 while keeping the number of gas barrier layers (two layers) constant. FIG. FIG. 12 is used for explaining the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (Example 3) in comparison with the transparent conductive film of Example 6 while keeping the number of gas barrier layers (three layers) constant. FIG.

[First embodiment]
As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the first embodiment is a transparent material including a gas barrier layer 14 and a zinc oxide film 10 formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface of a resin base material 12. The conductive film 50 is a zinc oxide film 10 containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium, and the zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen by XPS elemental analysis measurement The amount of indium and the total amount of indium (100 atom%), the indium content is in the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, and the gallium content is in the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%. Film 50.
When the initial specific resistance is ρ ₀ and the specific resistance after storage for 500 hours under the conditions of 60 ° C. and 95% relative humidity is ρ ₅₀₀ , the ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is 1.5. The transparent conductive film is characterized in that the following values are set, and further, the thickness of the zinc oxide film is set in the range of 20 to 300 nm.
Hereinafter, the transparent conductive film of the first embodiment will be specifically described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

1. Zinc Oxide Film A zinc oxide film (sometimes referred to as a transparent conductive layer) used in the present invention is a zinc oxide film formed on a gas barrier layer and containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium. . The amount of indium is within a range of 0.01 to 25 atom% with respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc, gallium, oxygen and indium measured by XPS elemental analysis. The amount is set to a value within the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%.
That is, the zinc oxide film on the gas barrier layer can exhibit good wet heat characteristics and transparency even if it is a relatively thin film by containing a specific element in a predetermined amount.

(1) Crystal Structure The zinc oxide film has a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, and a zinc oxide film doped with gallium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a GZO film) is also shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, it is known that the film has a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and has a strong c-axis orientation.
The zinc oxide film formed on the gas barrier layer in the present invention is a zinc oxide film containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an In-GZO film). Even when it is doped with indium, it has been found from the X-ray diffraction chart that a predetermined crystallinity is exhibited.
More specifically, FIG. 5 shows an X-ray diffraction chart of the zinc oxide film by the in plane method when the amount of indium is changed.
Here, the characteristic curve A is an X-ray of an In-GZO film obtained from a sintered body having a weight ratio of ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 94.0: 5.7: 0.3. It is a diffraction chart, and the characteristic curve B shows an In-GZO film obtained from a sintered body having a weight ratio of ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 93.3: 5.7: 1.0. It is an X-ray diffraction chart.
The characteristic curve C shows the X-ray diffraction of an In-GZO film obtained from a sintered body having a weight ratio of ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 89.3: 5.7: 5.0. The characteristic curve D is an X of an In-GZO film obtained from a sintered body having a weight ratio of ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 84.3: 5.7: 10.0. It is a line diffraction chart.
The characteristic curve E does not contain indium, that is, an X-ray diffraction chart of the GZO film.

FIG. 6 shows an X-ray diffraction chart according to the out of plane method on the 002 plane of the zinc oxide film.
Here, characteristic curves A to E in FIG. 6 are the same as the samples corresponding to the X-ray diffraction chart of FIG.
Therefore, as understood from the comparison of the X-ray diffraction charts of FIGS. 5 and 6, since the In-GZO film shows the same diffraction peak as that of the GZO film on the gas barrier layer, the crystal structure is Inferred to be similar.
That is, from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, it is considered that the crystal structures are similar to each other, and thus it is estimated that each has a columnar structure with high c-axis orientation.

(2) Configuration In the present invention, the zinc oxide film formed on the gas barrier layer is based on the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount, and indium amount as measured by XPS elemental analysis. The amount of indium is set to a value in the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, and the amount of gallium is set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%.
This is because if the amount of indium in the zinc oxide film is less than 0.01 atom%, the dopant effect is not exhibited and good wet heat characteristics may not be obtained.
On the other hand, when the amount of indium exceeds 25 atom%, the initial specific resistance is remarkably large, and the electrical characteristics of the transparent conductive film may be deteriorated.
Therefore, in order to improve the wet heat characteristics and stabilize the initial specific resistance low, the indium content is preferably set to a value in the range of 0.015 to 8 atom% with respect to the total amount. A value in the range of 0.02 to 6 atom% is more preferable, and a value in the range of 0.05 to 4 atom% is more preferable.
Further, when the amount of gallium is outside the above range, the electrical characteristics of the zinc oxide film may be inferior.
Accordingly, in the zinc oxide film, it is more preferable that the gallium amount is within a range of 0.5 to 8 atom% with respect to the total amount of zinc amount, gallium amount and oxygen amount (100 atom%). More preferably, the value is within the range of%.

In addition, each element amount by the elemental analysis measurement of XPS means the average value of the element amount in each depth measured by the XPS analysis of the depth direction in the whole zinc oxide film.
However, even if the zinc oxide film includes a plurality of regions (first region and second region) having different compositions, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the thickness of the first region is usually set. The thickness is less than 20 nm. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, each element amount obtained by XPS elemental analysis means an average value of element amounts at each depth in the second region.

(3) Dopant Further, gallium and indium are selected as dopants for the zinc oxide film.
That is, it is because the chemical stability of zinc oxide can be improved by including two or more dopants to be added.
In addition, in the case of a group 13 element in the periodic table of elements, in the case of assuming that the zinc site has one more valence electron than that of group 12 zinc and a dopant is substituted at the zinc site, aluminum, gallium, and indium This is because each of the first ionization energies is small and is considered to be effective as a carrier generation source.
Furthermore, since the first ionization energy is small, the Madelung energy, which is an index of bond energy in an ion-bonded ion crystal such as zinc oxide, is assumed as described above with respect to the occupied site of zinc as a dopant. Are -6.44 eV for aluminum, -13.72 eV for gallium, and -9.73 eV for indium.
Therefore, the stability as a dopant for zinc oxide is considered to be higher in the order of gallium, indium, and aluminum.
In addition, the covalent bond radius is 1.25 Å for zinc, 1.18 ア ル ミ ニ ウ ム for aluminum, 1.26 ガ リ ウ ム for gallium, and 1.44 イ ン ジ ウ ム for indium, while the ionic radius is 0.74 亜 鉛 for zinc and 0 for aluminum. .53Å, gallium is 0.61Å, and indium is 0.76Å.
Assuming that zinc dopant is substituted for the zinc site in the crystal mainly composed of zinc oxide, and considering its structural stability, gallium is most stably substituted from the viewpoint of the covalent bond radius. From the viewpoint of ionic radius, it is presumed that indium is most stably substituted, and therefore these are selected as dopants.

(5) Film thickness In the present invention, the film thickness of the zinc oxide film is a value in the range of 20 to 300 nm.
This is because when the thickness of the zinc oxide film is less than 20 nm, not only stable formation of the zinc oxide film may be difficult, but also the wet heat characteristics may be significantly reduced.
On the other hand, when the thickness of the zinc oxide film exceeds 300 nm, it takes an excessive amount of time to form the zinc oxide film, and the productivity may decrease.
Therefore, the thickness of the zinc oxide film is more preferably in the range of 25 to 250 nm, and further preferably in the range of 30 to 200 nm.
The film thickness (d) of the zinc oxide film can be measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer, as will be specifically described in Example 1.

(6) Initial Specific Resistance The initial specific resistance (ρ ₀ ) of the zinc oxide films 10 and 10 ′ illustrated in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d) exceeds 5 × 10 ⁻⁴ Ω · cm, and 1 It is preferable to set it as the value of x10 < ^-1 > ohm * cm or less.
This is because the film forming conditions may be complicated when the initial specific resistance of the zinc oxide film is 5 × 10 ⁻⁴ Ω · cm or less.
On the other hand, when the initial specific resistance of the zinc oxide film exceeds 1 × 10 ⁻¹ Ω · cm, suitable conductivity may not be obtained.
Therefore, the initial specific resistance of the zinc oxide film is more preferably set to a value within the range of 5.5 × 10 ⁻⁴ Ω · cm to 1 × 10 ⁻² Ω · cm, more preferably 6 × 10 ⁻⁴ Ω · cm. More preferably, the value is in a range of ˜5 × 10 ⁻³ Ω · cm.
The initial specific resistance (ρ ₀ ) of the zinc oxide film should be calculated from the film thickness (d) of the transparent conductive film and the measured surface resistivity (R), as specifically described in Example 1. Can do.

In addition, the initial specific resistance (ρ ₀ ) is preferably set in the above-described range by setting the amount of indium (atom%) contained in the first region and the second region of the zinc oxide film of the transparent conductive film to a value within a predetermined range. The value can be

(5) Wet heat characteristics Referring to FIGS. 7 to 9, the indium content (0.3% by weight, 1% by weight, 5% by weight) of the zinc oxide film in the transparent conductive film and the ratio before and after the environmental test The relationship with the resistance change will be described.
That is, the abscissa of FIGS. 7 to 9 shows the elapsed time under the condition of 60 ° C. and relative humidity of 95%, and the ordinate represents X under the condition of 60 ° C. and relative humidity of 95%. The ratio represented by ρ _X / ρ ₀ calculated with ρ _X as the specific resistance after storage for time and storage is shown.
Characteristic curves A to E in FIG. 7 correspond to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which will be described later, respectively.
In addition, characteristic curves F to J in FIG. 8 correspond to Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 described later, respectively.
Also, the characteristic curves K to O in FIG. 9 correspond to Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 5 to 6 described later, respectively.
From the comparison of these characteristic curves, the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film having such a zinc oxide film are dramatically improved by adding a predetermined amount of indium as a dopant in the zinc oxide film formed on the gas barrier layer. It is understood that it has improved.
Therefore, since the specific resistance of the transparent conductive film having such a zinc oxide film is stable for a long time and can be used for various applications, the specific resistance ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is set to a value of 1.4 or less. Preferably, the value is 1.3 or less, more preferably 1.2 or less.
For the same reason, the specific resistance ratio represented by ρ ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ is preferably 1.8 or less, more preferably 1.6 or less, and 1.4 or less. It can be said that the value is more preferable.

(6) Multiple regions As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the transparent conductive film has a zinc oxide film doped with gallium and indium on the gas barrier layer, and the zinc oxide A plurality of regions (first region and second region) having a non-uniform concentration distribution with respect to zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount, and indium amount measured by XPS analysis in the film thickness direction from the film to the substrate. It is preferable to include.
More specifically, FIG. 2A is an XPS analysis chart in which the horizontal axis represents the etching time (min.) And the vertical axis represents the element amount (atom%). 2 (b) is an enlarged view for making it easier to understand the change in the element amount (atom%) in FIG. 2 (a). FIG. 2C is an XPS analysis chart in which the horizontal axis represents the etching time (min.) And the vertical axis represents the In / Ga ratio (−).
From these XPS analysis charts, in the first region, the zinc amount is 20 to 60 atom% with respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount and indium amount by XPS elemental analysis measurement. The amount of gallium is a value within the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, the amount of oxygen is within the range of 22 to 79.89 atom%, and the amount of indium is 0.01 to 8 atom%. It is understood that a value within the range is preferred.
In the second region, the zinc amount is set to a value in the range of 35 to 65 atom% with respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount and indium amount by XPS elemental analysis measurement, The amount of gallium is set to a value within the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, the amount of oxygen is set to a value within the range of 17 to 64.89 atom%, and the amount of indium is set to a value within the range of 0.01 to 8 atom%. It is understood that this is preferred.
It is understood that the value of [In] / [Ga] in the first region is preferably larger than the value of [In] / [Ga] in the second region.
That is, with respect to the zinc amount, the gallium amount, the oxygen amount, and the indium amount in the zinc oxide film, in the film thickness direction from the surface of the zinc oxide film toward the substrate, the first region having a relatively large indium amount, and the relatively indium When the second region having a small amount is sequentially included, the wet heat characteristics of the zinc oxide film can be remarkably improved. Moreover, with such a composition, excellent adhesion can be obtained with a gas barrier layer described later.

However, the interface between the first region and the second region included in the zinc oxide film is not necessarily clear, and there is a portion where the composition ratio of each region changes continuously or stepwise. Also good.
In addition, regarding the formation of the first region and the second region having different composition ratios, the first region and the second region may be formed by performing one sputtering process, or may be formed by performing two or more sputtering processes.
That is, even in a single sputtering step, a zinc oxide-gallium oxide-indium oxide ternary sintered body is used as a sputtering target, and the blending ratios of the respective components are appropriately adjusted. As shown in FIG. 1, in the vicinity of the surface of the zinc oxide film opposite to the substrate side, a relatively large amount of indium (first region) and a relatively small amount of indium inside the zinc oxide film. The region (second region) can be formed continuously.
This is because, from the viewpoint of the Madelung energy, gallium is large and stably incorporated into the crystal grains, while indium is presumed to be unstable compared to gallium, and in addition, from the viewpoint of the covalent bond radius. Therefore, it is estimated that indium is larger than zinc and gallium. That is, since indium is expected to have low solubility in zinc oxide, it is presumed that indium, which is relatively excessive in maintaining the crystal structure, segregates on the surface.
In addition, since it was confirmed that such segregation occurred more significantly when the sputtering method was used than when the ion plating method or the vacuum deposition method was used, the sputtering method was adopted in the present invention.
Needless to say, the first region and the second region having different composition ratios may be formed by performing the sputtering process two or more times and changing the sputtering conditions, the type of sputtering target, and the like.

2. Gas Barrier Layer (1) Aspect In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D, gas barrier layers 14 and 14 ′ are formed on at least one surface of the resin base material 12. .
More specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the gas barrier layer 14 is formed between the resin base material 12 and the zinc oxide film 10, and passes through the resin base material 12 so that water vapor or the like is generated. Even if it penetrates, it is a layer for preventing further penetration of the water vapor and the like, and as a result, preventing the zinc oxide film 10 from deteriorating.
Therefore, the configuration of the gas barrier layer is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits a predetermined gas barrier property. For example, a metal such as aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, titanium, zinc, tin; silicon oxide, Inorganic oxides such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide and tin oxide; inorganic nitrides such as silicon nitride; inorganic carbides; inorganic sulfides; and silicon oxynitride which is a composite of these Inorganic oxycarbides such as: inorganic nitriding carbides; inorganic oxynitriding carbides; polymer compounds and the like alone or in combination of two or more.
The gas barrier layer may contain other compounding components such as various polymer resins, curing agents, anti-aging agents, light stabilizers, and flame retardants.
As shown in FIG. 1C, a plurality of gas barrier layers may be formed on a resin base material, or a gas barrier layer may be formed after forming the above-described zinc oxide film (not shown).

(2) Film thickness The film thickness of the gas barrier layer 14 illustrated in FIG. 1 is preferably set to a value in the range of 20 nm to 50 μm.
The reason for this is that by using such a gas barrier layer having a predetermined film thickness, further excellent gas barrier properties and adhesion can be obtained, and at the same time, both flexibility and coating strength can be achieved.
Therefore, the thickness of the gas barrier layer is more preferably set to a value within the range of 30 nm to 1,000 nm, and further preferably set to a value within the range of 40 nm to 500 nm.

(3) Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)
In addition, the water vapor transmission rate measured in an atmosphere of the gas barrier layer at 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% is preferably set to a value of 0.1 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ or less, and 0.05 g · m ^−2. More preferably, the value is not more than day ⁻¹ , and more preferably not more than 0.01 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ .
The reason for this is that by setting such a value of water vapor transmission rate, the zinc oxide film is prevented from deteriorating, and gas barrier properties excellent in wet heat resistance are obtained.
In addition, as a water vapor transmission rate of a gas barrier layer, it can measure by a well-known method, For example, as shown in Example 1, it can measure using a commercially available water vapor transmission rate measuring apparatus.

(4) Number of Layers The number of gas barrier layers in the transparent conductive film, that is, the number of layers is not particularly limited, but it is usually preferably 1 to 8 layers.
This is because the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film can be remarkably improved if there is even one gas barrier layer.
On the other hand, if the number of gas barrier layers exceeds 8, the total thickness of the transparent conductive film becomes thick and the flexibility may be lowered, or the stable production of the transparent conductive film may be difficult. Because.
Therefore, although depending on the application, the number of gas barrier layers is preferably 1 to 6 (or 2 to 6), and the number of layers is preferably 2 to 4 (or 3 to 4). It is more preferable to set the value within the range.

(5) Wet heat characteristics Referring also to FIGS. 10 to 12, as the wet heat characteristics of the transparent conductive film, the number of gas barrier layers (1 layer, 2 layers, 3 layers), etc., and the change in specific resistance before and after the environmental test Will be described.
That is, the horizontal axis of FIGS. 10 to 12 shows the elapsed time (X) under the conditions of 60 ° C. and relative humidity of 95%, and the vertical axis represents the specific resistance represented by ρ _X / ρ _0. The ratio is shown.
The characteristic curves A, F, and K in FIG. 10 correspond to Examples 1, 4, and 7, respectively.
Further, characteristic curves B, G, and L in FIG. 11 correspond to Examples 2, 5, and 8, respectively.
Furthermore, characteristic curves C, H, and M in FIG. 12 correspond to Examples 3, 6, and 9, respectively.
From the comparison of these characteristic curves, if there is even one gas barrier layer, the change in specific resistance of the zinc oxide film in the transparent conductive film becomes small regardless of the amount of indium as a dopant, that is, the wet heat characteristics are remarkably improved. It is understood.
Therefore, the specific resistance ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is preferably a value of 1.4 or less, more preferably a value of 1.3 or less, and a value of 1.2 or less. Further preferred.
Further, the specific resistance ratio represented by ρ ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ is preferably 1.8 or less, more preferably 1.6 or less, and 1.4 or less. Further preferred.

3. Resin base material (1) type The resin used for the resin base material 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is excellent in flexibility and transparency. Polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyphenylene Ether, polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyolefin, polyester, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, acrylic resin, cycloolefin copolymer, cycloolefin polymer, aromatic polymer, Examples thereof include polyurethane polymers.
Among these, since it is excellent in transparency and has flexibility and versatility, it is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyamide, cycloolefin polymer, and polyether sulfone. More preferably, it is a polyester or cycloolefin polymer.
More specifically, examples of the polyester include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polyarylate.
Examples of the polyamide include wholly aromatic polyamide, nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon copolymer, and the like.
Examples of cycloolefin polymers include norbornene polymers, monocyclic olefin polymers, cyclic conjugated diene polymers, vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers, and hydrides thereof. Examples thereof include apell (an ethylene-cycloolefin copolymer manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), arton (a norbornene polymer manufactured by JSR), zeonoa (a norbornene polymer manufactured by Nippon Zeon), and the like.

(2) Film thickness The film thickness of the resin substrate 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 may be determined according to the purpose of use, etc., but is in the range of 1 to 1000 μm from the viewpoint of flexibility and easy handling. The value is preferably in the range of 5 to 250 μm, more preferably in the range of 10 to 200 μm.

(3) Additive In addition to the resin component described above, the resin base material may contain various additives such as an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and a lubricant as long as transparency and the like are not impaired.

4). Other layers Furthermore, various other layers can be provided in the transparent conductive film of this invention as needed.
Examples of such other layers include an undercoat layer (primer layer), a planarizing layer, a hard coat layer, a protective layer, an antistatic layer, an antifouling layer, an antiglare layer, a color filter, an adhesive layer, and a decorative layer. And a printing layer.
Here, as shown in FIG.1 (d), the undercoat layer 16 is a layer provided in order to improve the adhesiveness of a resin base material and a zinc oxide film, As a material, it is a urethane type resin, an acryl, for example Known resins such as a resin, a silane coupling agent, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, and an ultraviolet curable resin can be used.
Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 (d), on the surface on the opposite side to the zinc oxide film | membrane 10 of the resin base material 12, according to each use, the other layer 18 (Anti-glare layer, antistatic layer, antireflection layer, It is also preferable to provide an antifouling layer or the like.

5. Transparent conductive film (1) embodiment The transparent conductive films 50, 50 ', 50 ", 50""illustrated in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d) are gas barrier layers on one or both sides of the resin substrate 12. 14 and 14 'and zinc oxide films 10 and 10', wherein the zinc oxide film contains zinc oxide and is doped with gallium and indium. The zinc oxide film has an indium content within a range of 0.01 to 25 atom% with respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc content, gallium content, oxygen content, and indium content as measured by XPS elemental analysis. In addition, the amount of gallium is set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, and it has predetermined wet heat characteristics and film thickness.
In the present invention, regarding the transparency of the zinc oxide film, the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably a value of 70% or more at a predetermined thickness, for example, any of 20 to 600 nm, and 80% or more. More preferably, the value is 90% or more.
Regarding the transparency of the transparent conductive film, the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably a value of 50% or more and a value of 60% or more at a predetermined thickness, for example, from 10 μm to 1 mm. More preferably, the value is more preferably 70% or more.

(2) Specific Resistance The specific resistance (ρ) of the transparent conductive films 50, 50 ′, 50 ″, 50 ″ ″ illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 1D is the same as that of the zinc oxide films 10, 10 ′. Since it is substantially the same as the specific resistance, the description thereof will be omitted.

[Second Embodiment]
The second embodiment is a method for producing a transparent conductive film comprising a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface of a resin base material, which comprises the following steps (1) to (1): It is a manufacturing method of the transparent conductive film characterized by including (3).
(1) A step of preparing each of the resin base material and the sintered body (hereinafter sometimes referred to as step (1)).
(2) A step of forming a gas barrier layer on at least one surface of the resin base material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as step (2)).
(3) A zinc oxide film containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium, formed from a sintered body on the gas barrier layer by sputtering, and in the zinc oxide film, XPS With respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc, gallium, oxygen and indium determined by elemental analysis, the indium content is set to a value within the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, and the gallium content is 0. The initial resistivity of the zinc oxide film is ρ ₀ and the resistivity after storage for 500 hours at 60 ° C. and 95% relative humidity is ρ ₅₀₀ . Then, the ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is set to a value of 1.5 or less, and further, a step of forming a zinc oxide film having a thickness in the range of 20 to 300 nm (hereinafter referred to as step (3) ) May be.)
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the transparent conductive film of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated concretely.

1. Process (1): The process of preparing a resin base material and a sintered compact Process (1) is a process of preparing a resin base material and a sintered compact.
That is, the zinc oxide film illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 1D is preferably formed from a sintered body containing zinc oxide as a main component and further containing gallium oxide and indium oxide.
Further, in the sintered body forming the zinc oxide film, the blending amount of zinc oxide is set to a value within the range of 15 to 99.98% by weight with respect to the total amount of the sintered body, and the blending amount of gallium oxide is It is preferable to set the value within the range of 0.01 to 15% by weight and the amount of indium oxide to be within the range of 0.01 to 70% by weight.
The reason for this is that by using a ternary sintered body of zinc oxide-gallium oxide-indium oxide in which the blending amount is controlled, a zinc oxide film having excellent wet heat characteristics can be efficiently formed. This is because production efficiency can be improved.
More specifically, when the blending amount of indium oxide is less than 0.01% by weight relative to the total amount of the sintered body, the amount of indium contained in the zinc oxide film after film formation is significantly reduced. This is because sufficient wet heat characteristics may not be obtained.
Accordingly, the zinc oxide content is within the range of 27 to 99.4% by weight and the gallium oxide content is within the range of 0.5 to 8% by weight relative to the total amount of the sintered body. More preferably, the blending amount of indium oxide is set to a value within the range of 0.1 to 65% by weight.
The blending amount of zinc oxide is set to a value within the range of 33 to 98.7% by weight, and the blending amount of gallium oxide is set to a value within the range of 1 to 7% by weight with respect to the total amount of the sintered body. Further, it is more preferable that the blending amount of indium oxide is a value within the range of 0.3 to 60% by weight.
The details of the resin base material are the same as those already described, and will be omitted.

2. Step (2): Gas Barrier Layer Forming Step Step (2) is a step of forming the gas barrier layers 14 and 14 'of the transparent conductive film, and a resin base material 12 for which gas barrier properties are desired is prepared. In this step, the gas barrier layers 14 and 14 'are formed.

In addition, the method for forming the gas barrier layer is not particularly limited. For example, a method for forming the above-described material on a substrate by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a thermal CVD method, a plasma CVD method, or the like. , A method in which a solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing the above-described material in an organic solvent is applied on a resin substrate by a known application method, and the obtained coating film is appropriately dried, or the obtained coating film And a method of forming by performing a modification process such as an atmospheric pressure plasma process, an ion implantation process, and a lamp annealing process.

For example, the gas barrier layer 14 described above can be formed by performing plasma ion implantation on the polysilazane compound-containing layer by performing plasma ion implantation on the polysilazane compound-containing layer.
As such plasma ion implantation treatment, a method for injecting ions present in plasma generated using an external electric field into a polysilazane compound-containing layer, or for forming a gas barrier layer without using an external electric field. There is a method in which ions existing in plasma generated only by an electric field generated by a negative high voltage pulse applied to a layer made of a material are implanted into the polysilazane compound-containing layer.
Examples of ions to be implanted include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, neon, xenon, and krypton.

3. Step (3): Zinc Oxide Film Forming Step Step (3) is a method of forming a zinc oxide film on at least one surface of a resin base material.
That is, as a method for forming a zinc oxide film, a physical production method typified by a sputtering method or a vapor deposition method, and a chemical production method typified by a chemical vapor deposition method can be mentioned. Since a transparent conductor layer can be efficiently formed, a sputtering method is used.
This is because, according to the sputtering method, even in only one step, a zinc oxide film comprising a first region and a second region having different compositions can be efficiently formed by adjusting the composition of the target. This is because it can.
In order to efficiently form the zinc oxide film including the first region and the second region having different compositions, the target of the ternary sintered body of zinc oxide-gallium oxide-indium oxide is used as described above. When the total amount is 100% by weight, the blending amount of zinc oxide is 70 to 99.98% by weight (56 to 80% by weight as zinc), and the blending amount of gallium oxide is 0.01 to 15% by weight (0.007 to 11.2% by weight as gallium) and 0.01 to 15% by weight of indium oxide (0.008 to 12.4% by weight as indium) ) Within the range.
Therefore, the blending amount of zinc oxide is set to a value in the range of 76 to 99.4% by weight (61 to 80% by weight as zinc) with respect to the total amount of the sintered body, and the blending amount of gallium oxide is 0.5. The value is within a range of ˜12% by weight (0.37 to 8.9% by weight as gallium), and the blending amount of indium oxide is 0.1 to 12% by weight (0.08 to 9.9% by weight as indium). It is more preferable to set the value within the range.
Further, the blending amount of zinc oxide is set to a value in the range of 80 to 98.7% by weight (64 to 79% by weight as zinc) with respect to the total amount of the sintered body, and the blending amount of gallium oxide is 1 to 10%. % By weight (0.74 to 7.4% by weight as gallium), and 0.3 to 10% by weight of indium oxide (0.25 to 8.3% by weight as indium) It is more preferable to set the value within the range.
Furthermore, the blending amount of zinc oxide is set to a value within the range of 80 to 94.3 wt% (64 to 79 wt% as zinc) with respect to the total amount of the sintered body, and the blending amount of gallium oxide is 5.4. The value is in the range of ˜10% by weight (4.1 to 7.4% by weight as gallium), and the blending amount of indium oxide is 0.3 to 10% by weight (0.25 to 8.3% by weight as indium). %) Is more preferable.

Here, as a more specific sputtering method, DC sputtering method, DC magnetron sputtering method, RF sputtering method, RF magnetron sputtering method, DC + RF superposition sputtering method, DC + RF superposition magnetron sputtering method, counter target sputtering method, ECR sputtering method, dual The magnetron sputtering method etc. are mentioned.

The sputtering conditions are not particularly limited, but the back pressure is preferably 1 × 10 ⁻² Pa or less, and more preferably 1 × 10 ⁻³ Pa or less.
In addition, when a formation method in which argon gas is introduced into the system is selected, the internal pressure is preferably set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 5 Pa, more preferably 0.2 to 1 Pa.
Furthermore, it is preferable in terms of production cost to use argon (Ar) or a mixed gas of argon (Ar) and oxygen (O ₂ ) as the gas species introduced into the system when performing the sputtering method. A rare gas, nitrogen (N ₂ ), or the like may be used.
When a mixed gas is used, the mixing ratio (O ₂ / (Ar + O ₂ )) is preferably set to a value within the range of 0.01 to 20, and preferably set to a value within the range of 0.1 to 10. Is more preferable.
This is because when the mixing ratio of argon and oxygen is in the above-described range, a conductive layer having a low specific resistance and low reflectance can be formed.

Further, the temperature of the resin base material when forming the zinc oxide film on the resin base material is preferably set to a value within the range of 10 to 150 ° C.
This is because, if the temperature of the resin substrate is a value within the range of 10 to 150 ° C., a zinc oxide film can be suitably formed even with a resin substrate having a relatively low softening point. is there.

[Third embodiment]
The third embodiment is an electronic device using the transparent conductive film of the first embodiment described above as a transparent electrode.
More specifically, a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, an inorganic EL display, an electronic paper, a solar cell, an organic transistor, an organic EL lighting, an inorganic EL lighting, a thermoelectric device, which are mounted with a transparent electrode provided with a predetermined transparent conductive film. A conversion device, a gas sensor, etc. are mentioned.

That is, since the electronic device of the present invention includes the transparent conductive film described in the first embodiment, the specific resistance is sufficiently small and the conductivity that can suppress an increase in specific resistance over a long period of time is exhibited. can do.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the following description shows the present invention by way of example, and the present invention is not limited to these descriptions.
Note that, as described above, in the zinc oxide film, even if the process is a single step, the first region and the second region having different compositions in the film thickness direction may be formed.
However, since the thickness of the first region is usually less than 20 nm, in the case of the present invention in which the zinc oxide film and the gas barrier layer are used in combination, particularly in the following examples, such a plurality of regions are formed. Even if it has, the zinc oxide film shall be handled as a single layer for convenience.

[Example 1]
1. Production of transparent conductive film (1) Step (1): Step of preparing resin base material and sintered body A polyethylene terephthalate film (A4100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness: 100 μm) was prepared as a resin base material.
Also, a zinc oxide-gallium oxide-indium oxide ternary sintered body (ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 94.0 wt%: 5.7 wt%: 0.3 wt%) was prepared. did.

(2) Step (2): Gas barrier layer forming step Next, after applying an undercoat layer forming solution made of a photocurable resin on a resin substrate, heat treatment is performed at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, Dried.
Next, using a UV light irradiation line, using a high-pressure mercury lamp, UV irradiation was performed under the conditions of line speed: 20 m / min, integrated light quantity: 100 mJ, peak intensity: 1.466 W, number of passes: 2 times, and undercoat A layer was formed.

Next, after applying AQUAMICA NL110-20 (manufactured by Clariant Japan) as a polysilazane compound on the formed undercoat layer, it is heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, dried, and a polysilazane compound-containing layer (Film thickness: 150 nm) was obtained. Thereafter, seasoning was performed in an environment of 23 ° C. and 50% RH.

Next, using the following plasma implantation apparatus, argon plasma ions are implanted into the polysilazane compound-containing layer under the following plasma ion implantation conditions, and a gas barrier layer (hereinafter referred to as a PHPS layer) as a plasma ion implantation film is used. did.

(Plasma ion device)
RF power source: JEOL Ltd., model number “RF” 56000
High voltage pulse power supply: Kurita Seisakusho Co., Ltd., model number “PV-3-HSHV-0835”

(Plasma ion implantation conditions)
Plasma generation gas: Argon (Ar)
Gas flow rate: 100sccm
Duty ratio: 0.5%
Repeat frequency: 1000Hz
Applied voltage: -6kV
RF power supply: frequency 13.56 MHz, applied power 1000 W
Chamber internal pressure: 0.2 Pa
Pulse width: 5μsec
Processing time (ion implantation time): 5 minutes Conveying speed: 0.2 m / min

Moreover, about the resin base material which laminated | stacked the obtained gas barrier layer, the water-vapor-permeation rate in the conditions of 40 degreeC and relative humidity 90% was measured using the water-vapor-permeation measuring apparatus (MOCON Co., Ltd. product, AQUATRAN). However, it was 0.02 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ .

(3) Step (3): Zinc Oxide Film Formation Step Next, the following sputtering is performed on the resin base material obtained by laminating the obtained gas barrier layer by the DC magnetron sputtering method using the above-described ternary sintered body. A zinc oxide film (film thickness: 100 nm) was formed under the conditions to obtain a transparent conductive film.
By XPS measurement, a first region of a thin film (less than 5 nm) is formed on the surface side of the zinc oxide film, that is, the surface opposite to the gas barrier layer, and a second region having a thickness of 95 nm is formed below the first region. It was confirmed separately that it was formed.
Resin substrate temperature: 20 ° C
DC output: 500W
Carrier gas: Argon (Ar)
Deposition pressure: 0.6Pa
Deposition time: 35 sec.

2. Evaluation of transparent conductive film The obtained transparent conductive film was measured and evaluated as follows.

(1) Elemental analysis measurement in XPS analysis While using the following XPS measurement apparatus, zinc, gallium, indium, oxygen and silicon in the thickness direction of the zinc oxide film in the transparent conductive film obtained under the following measurement conditions Elemental analysis was performed. Table 1 shows the amount of each element obtained by XPS measurement.

(XPS measuring device)
Model name: PHI Quantera SXM (manufactured by ULVAC-PHI)
X-ray source: AlKα (1486.6 eV)
X-ray beam diameter: 100 μm

(Measurement condition)
Electric power value: 25W
Voltage: 15kV
Extraction angle: 45 degrees Vacuum degree: 5.0 × 10 ⁻⁸ Pa
Pass Energy: 112eV
Time Per Step: 20msec
eV step: 0.1 eV

(Sputtering conditions)
Sputtering gas: Argon Applied voltage: -4 kV
Sputtering time: 5 min
Interval time: 0.2min

(Measurement element peak)
O: O1s
In: In3d _5/2
Zn: Zn2p _3/2
Ga: Ga2p _3/2

(2) Zinc oxide film thickness (d)
The film thickness (d) of the obtained transparent conductive film in the zinc oxide film was measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer M-2000U (manufactured by JA Woollam Japan).

(3) Calculation of ρ ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ and ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ The initial surface resistivity (R ₀ ) in the zinc oxide film of the obtained transparent conductive film was used as a surface resistance measuring device, and LOCESTA-GP MCP-T600 Using PROBE TYPE ASP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) as a probe (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) and a probe, the measurement was performed under environmental conditions of a temperature of 23 ° C. and 50% RH.
Next, the obtained transparent conductive film was placed in an environment of 60 ° C. and 95% RH for 500 hours, taken out, and then subjected to temperature control and humidity control in a 23 ° C. and 50% RH environment for 1 day. The resistivity (R ₅₀₀ ) was measured.
Further, the obtained transparent conductive film was placed in an environment of 60 ° C. and 95% RH for 1000 hours, taken out, and then subjected to temperature and humidity control for one day in an environment of 23 ° C. and 50% RH. The resistivity (R ₁₀₀₀ ) was measured.
That is, the initial surface resistivity (R ₀ ) in the zinc oxide film, the surface resistivity after the wet heat test (R ₅₀₀ , R ₁₀₀₀ ), and the film thickness (d) of the transparent conductive film were measured. From (1) to (3), the specific resistance (ρ ₀ ) and the specific resistance after the wet heat test (ρ ₅₀₀ , ρ ₁₀₀₀ ) were calculated, and the ratios of ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ and ρ ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ were obtained. . The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
In addition, in FIG. 7, the relationship between the wet heat test elapsed time in Example 1 etc. and the ratio ((rho) ₅₀₀ / (rho) ₀ and (rho) ₁₀₀₀ / (rho) ₀ ) of the specific resistance before and behind a wet heat test is shown.
R ₀ = ρ ₀ / d (1)
R ₅₀₀ = ρ ₅₀₀ / d (2)
R ₁₀₀₀ = ρ ₁₀₀₀ / d (3)

[Example 2]
In Example 2, a transparent conductive film provided with two PHPS layers was evaluated.
That is, after the first PHPS layer is formed, a second PHPS layer is formed thereon, and then a predetermined zinc oxide film (predetermined first region and second region) is formed. A transparent conductive film was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
The water vapor permeability of the resin base material provided with two PHPS layers as the gas barrier layer was 0.005 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ .

[Example 3]
In Example 3, a transparent conductive film provided with three PHPS layers was evaluated.
That is, after the first PHPS layer was formed, a second PHPS layer and a third PHPS layer were formed thereon to form a total of three PHPS layers.
Next, a transparent conductive film was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a predetermined zinc oxide film (predetermined first region and second region) was further formed on the three PHPS layers. did. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
The water vapor transmission rate in a resin base material provided with three PHPS layers as a gas barrier layer was 0.0005 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ .

[Examples 4 to 6]
In Examples 4 to 6, except that the weight ratio of the ternary sintered body used for sputtering was changed to ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 93.3: 5.7: 1.0 A transparent conductive film was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

[Examples 7 to 9]
In Examples 7 to 9, except that the weight ratio of the ternary sintered body used for sputtering was changed to ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 89.3: 5.7: 5.0 A transparent conductive film was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 1]
In Comparative Example 1, a transparent conductive film was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an undercoat layer was formed on the resin base material and then no gas barrier layer was formed. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
The water vapor permeability of the resin base material provided with only the undercoat layer was 6.8 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ .

[Comparative Example 2]
In Comparative Example 2, an undercoat layer was formed on a resin substrate, and then a silicon oxide (SiOx) layer was formed by a sputtering method so as to have a film thickness of 100 nm under the following conditions.
Next, a transparent conductive film was produced on the formed SiOx layer in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
The water vapor permeability of the resin base material provided with the SiOx layer and the undercoat layer was 0.5 g · m ⁻² · day ⁻¹ .

[Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4]
In Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, the weight ratio of the ternary sintered body used for sputtering was changed to ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 93.3: 5.7: 1.0. Otherwise, transparent conductive films were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 5, Comparative Example 6]
In Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6, the weight ratio of the ternary sintered body used for sputtering was changed to ZnO: Ga ₂ O ₃ : In ₂ O ₃ = 89.3: 5.7: 5.0. Otherwise, transparent conductive films were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

In Examples 1 to 9, for example, the rate of change in specific resistance (ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ ) is 1.5 or less even after 500 hours, and further the rate of change in specific resistance after 1000 hours. A small transparent conductive film having (ρ ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ ) of 2.0 or less was obtained.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1, 3 and 5 having no gas barrier layer, the specific resistance after the environmental test is remarkably increased, for example, after 500 hours, compared with the case having the gas barrier layer (Example 1). The specific resistance change rate was 100 times or more.
Further, in Comparative Examples 2, 4 and 6 including the gas barrier layer having a low water vapor transmission rate, the specific resistance after the environmental test is increased. For example, after 500 hours, the gas barrier layer having a low water vapor transmission rate of the present invention is used. Compared to the case of Example 1 (Example 1), the rate of change in specific resistance was 5 times or more.

As described above in detail, according to the transparent conductive film of the present invention, a transparent conductive film comprising a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface on a resin substrate. The zinc oxide film includes a predetermined amount of indium and gallium with respect to zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount, and indium amount measured by XPS elemental analysis, and the zinc oxide film includes: By having specific wet heat characteristics and film thickness, a transparent conductive film having excellent wet heat characteristics and gas barrier properties over a long period of time can be efficiently obtained.
Therefore, the transparent conductive film of the present invention can be used for electrical products, electronic components, image display devices (organic electroluminescence elements, inorganic electroluminescence elements, liquid crystal display devices, electronic paper, etc.) solar cells, etc. for which predetermined wet heat characteristics are desired. It is expected to be used effectively as a transparent electrode in various applications.

10, 10 ': Zinc oxide film 12: Resin substrate 14: Gas barrier layer 16: Undercoat layer 18: Other layer 20: GZO films 50, 50', 50 ", 50"": Transparent conductive film

Claims (8)

1. A transparent conductive film comprising a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface of a resin base material, the zinc oxide film containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium A zinc oxide film,
   In addition, with respect to the total amount (100 atom%) of zinc amount, gallium amount, oxygen amount, and indium amount by XPS elemental analysis measurement, the indium amount is a value within the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, and the gallium amount is When the value is in the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, the initial specific resistance is ρ _0, and the specific resistance after storage for 500 hours at 60 ° C. and relative humidity of 95% is ρ ₅₀₀ , ρ ₅₀₀ The ratio represented by / ρ ₀ is a value of 1.5 or less,
   Furthermore, the transparent conductive film is characterized in that the thickness of the zinc oxide film is set to a value in the range of 20 to 300 nm.
2. The ratio represented by ρ ₁₀₀₀ / ρ ₀ when the initial specific resistance in the zinc oxide film is ρ ₀ and the specific resistance after storage for 1000 hours at 60 ° C. and 95% relative humidity is ρ _1000. The transparent conductive film according to claim 1, wherein the value is 2.0 or less.
3. 2. The resin substrate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, cycloolefin copolymer, cycloolefin polymer, polyether sulfone, and polyimide. Or the transparent conductive film of 2.
4. The gas barrier layer is made of at least one selected from metals, inorganic oxides, inorganic nitrides, inorganic oxynitrides, inorganic carbides, inorganic sulfides, inorganic oxynitride carbides, polymer compounds, and composites thereof. The transparent conductive film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein
5. The transparent conductive film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water vapor permeability of the gas barrier layer is set to a value of 0.1 g · m ^-2 · day ^-1 or less.
6. An electronic device comprising the transparent conductive film according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as a transparent electrode.
7. A method for producing a transparent conductive film comprising a gas barrier layer and a zinc oxide film formed by a sputtering method on at least one surface of a resin substrate,
   A method for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising the following steps (1) to (3):
   (1) Step of preparing each of the resin base material and the sintered body (2) Step of forming the gas barrier layer on at least one surface of the resin base material (3) Sputtering method on the gas barrier layer A zinc oxide film containing zinc oxide and doped with gallium and indium from the sintered body, and in the zinc oxide film, the amount of zinc, the amount of gallium, the amount of oxygen, and indium by XPS elemental analysis measurement With respect to the total amount (100 atom%), the amount of indium is set to a value in the range of 0.01 to 25 atom%, the amount of gallium is set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 10 atom%, and the initial value of the zinc oxide film When the specific resistance is ρ ₀ and the specific resistance after storage at 60 ° C. and 95% relative humidity for 500 hours is ρ ₅₀₀ , the ratio represented by ρ ₅₀₀ / ρ ₀ is 1.5 or less. And further forming the zinc oxide film with a film thickness in the range of 20 to 300 nm.
8. The transparent conductive film according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the resin base material when the zinc oxide film is formed on the resin base material is set to a value within a range of 10 to 150 ° C. Production method.

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