WO2015186360A1 - 防曇膜つき透明物品 - Google Patents
防曇膜つき透明物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015186360A1 WO2015186360A1 PCT/JP2015/002818 JP2015002818W WO2015186360A1 WO 2015186360 A1 WO2015186360 A1 WO 2015186360A1 JP 2015002818 W JP2015002818 W JP 2015002818W WO 2015186360 A1 WO2015186360 A1 WO 2015186360A1
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- antifogging film
- mass
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RCIJACVHOIKRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;1,4-dioctoxy-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCCCCCCCC RCIJACVHOIKRAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- OQTSOKXAWXRIAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CCC(C)O[Si](OC(C)CC)(OC(C)CC)OC(C)CC OQTSOKXAWXRIAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/046—Forming abrasion-resistant coatings; Forming surface-hardening coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/054—Forming anti-misting or drip-proofing coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/056—Forming hydrophilic coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D159/00—Coating compositions based on polyacetals; Coating compositions based on derivatives of polyacetals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/24—Doped oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
- C03C2217/445—Organic continuous phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/44—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the composition of the continuous phase
- C03C2217/45—Inorganic continuous phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
- C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
- C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
- C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
- C03C2217/475—Inorganic materials
- C03C2217/478—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/76—Hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2400/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2400/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent article with an antifogging film comprising a transparent article and an antifogging film formed on the transparent article, and more particularly to a transparent article with an antifogging film, wherein the antifogging film contains a water-absorbing resin.
- Transparent articles with antifogging film are used as antifogging mirrors in bathrooms and toilets, and as antifogging windows in vehicle openings.
- an antifogging film a film containing a water absorbent resin such as polyvinyl acetal is known.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a two-layer antifogging film including a water absorbing layer containing a water absorbing resin and a water-permeable protective layer formed on the layer.
- the water absorption layer contains polyvinyl acetal and a hydrolyzate or partial hydrolyzate of alkylsilyl isocyanate.
- the protective layer is composed of a hydrolyzate or partial hydrolyzate of alkylsilyl isocyanate.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group of the alkylsilyl isocyanate is specified as 1 or 2 (claims 1 and 3).
- Patent Document 2 discloses an antifogging film having a two-layer structure including a water absorbing layer containing a water absorbing resin and a water repellent layer formed on this layer.
- the water repellent layer is formed using a compound having a methyl group and an isocyanate group (paragraph 0031).
- Patent Document 3 discloses a single-layer antifogging film.
- This anti-fogging film contains a water-absorbing resin, colloidal silica (silica fine particles), and silica derived from a hydrolyzate or partial hydrolyzate of silicon alkoxide in a predetermined ratio. Tetraalkoxysilane is disclosed as a silicon alkoxide.
- this antifogging film is a single layer film, it has improved strength by adding inorganic components such as silica fine particles.
- the antifogging film is required to satisfy both the strength of the film, particularly the scratch resistance and abrasion resistance, and the antifogging property. Then, an object of this invention is to provide the transparent article provided with the anti-fogging film
- the antifogging film is a single layer film containing a water absorbent resin, a water repellent group and a metal oxide component,
- the water repellent group is a linear or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine atoms;
- a transparent article with an antifogging film wherein the water repellent group is directly bonded to a metal atom constituting the metal oxide component.
- a transparent article, and an antifogging film formed on the transparent article contains polyvinyl acetal, a silica component, and metal atoms other than silicon,
- the silica component is derived from a hydrolyzable silicon compound or a hydrolyzate of a hydrolyzable silicon compound added to a coating solution for forming the antifogging film,
- a transparent article with an antifogging film in which metal atoms other than silicon are derived from an organometallic compound added to the coating solution.
- the strength and antifogging property of the film It has been found that it is easy to achieve both.
- an anti-fogging film containing polyvinyl acetal, a silica component derived from a hydrolyzable silicon compound or a hydrolyzate thereof, and a metal atom other than silicon derived from an organometallic compound the strength and prevention of the film are improved. It has also been found that compatibility with cloudiness is facilitated.
- water-repellent group means a linear or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine atoms.
- metal oxide component is intended to include a component consisting of only metal atoms and oxygen atoms bonded to each other, as well as a portion where metal atoms and oxygen atoms are directly bonded. Therefore, for example, the portion represented by MO in the component represented by the formula RMO (R: water repellent group, M: metal atom) constitutes a metal oxide component.
- RMO water repellent group
- M metal atom
- metal oxide component constitutes a metal oxide component.
- metal oxide component in the terms “metal oxide component”, “metal atom”, “metal compound” and the like is used in a sense including boron (B) and silicon (Si) according to common usage.
- the transparent article with an antifogging film according to the present embodiment includes a transparent article and a single-layer antifogging film formed on the surface thereof.
- the antifogging film contains a water repellent group.
- the shape of the transparent article is not limited, but a transparent substrate typified by a resin plate or a glass plate is suitable.
- a transparent substrate typified by a resin plate or a glass plate is suitable.
- a glass plate having a high surface hardness is suitable.
- the glass plate may be, for example, a float plate glass that is most commonly used in the fields of vehicles, buildings, and industries.
- the glass plate need not be colored, but may be colored green, bronze or the like. Moreover, you may process or process into tempered glass, a laminated glass, a multilayer glass, etc.
- the shape of the main surface may be either a flat surface or a curved surface.
- the plate thickness is, for example, 1 to 12 mm, preferably 3 to 10 mm for construction and 1 to 5 mm for vehicles.
- a ceramic shielding layer may be formed on the periphery of the vehicle window glass in order to improve the design of the vehicle.
- the ceramic shielding layer also plays a role of preventing deterioration of the resin material such as an adhesive and a foam material for joining the window glass to the vehicle body due to ultraviolet rays.
- the ceramic shielding layer is formed by applying a ceramic paste and baking it.
- the article of the present invention may be such a glass plate with a ceramic shielding layer.
- an acrylic resin plate represented by a polycarbonate plate or a polymethyl methacrylate plate is suitable.
- the thickness of the resin plate is suitably 2 to 8 mm, and preferably 3 to 6 mm.
- the surface of the resin plate may be subjected to a surface treatment for improving the adhesion with the antifogging film.
- Surface treatment of the resin plate includes corona discharge treatment, plasma treatment, chromic acid treatment (wet), flame treatment, hot air treatment, oxidation treatment such as ozone / ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and roughening treatment such as sandblasting and solvent treatment. Can be mentioned. Among these treatments, corona discharge treatment is preferable from the viewpoints of effects and operability.
- the transparent article may be a mirror provided with a reflective film on one main surface thereof.
- the glass plate and resin plate described above can also be used as the transparent substrate constituting the mirror.
- the antifogging film is preferably formed on the main surface opposite to the main surface of the transparent substrate provided with the reflective film.
- the mirror with an antifogging film can be used as a so-called antifogging mirror.
- the antifogging film is a single layer film formed on the surface of the transparent article.
- the antifogging film which is a single layer film contains at least a water absorbent resin, a water repellent group and a metal oxide component.
- the antifogging film may further contain other functional components as necessary.
- the type of water-absorbing resin is not limited as long as it can absorb and retain water.
- the water repellent group can be supplied to the antifogging film from a metal compound having a water repellent group (water repellent group-containing metal compound).
- the metal oxide component can be supplied to the antifogging film from a water repellent group-containing metal compound, other metal compounds, metal oxide fine particles and the like.
- each component will be described.
- Water absorbent resin examples include hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetal, and polyvinyl acetate.
- the water absorbent resin preferably contains polyvinyl acetal.
- Polyvinyl acetal can be obtained by subjecting polyvinyl alcohol to an acetal reaction by condensation reaction of aldehyde with polyvinyl alcohol.
- the acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol may be carried out using a known method such as a precipitation method using an aqueous medium in the presence of an acid catalyst, or a dissolution method using a solvent such as alcohol.
- Acetalization can also be carried out in parallel with saponification of polyvinyl acetate.
- the degree of acetalization is preferably 2 to 40 mol%, more preferably 3 to 30 mol%, particularly 5 to 20 mol%, and in some cases 5 to 15 mol%.
- the degree of acetalization can be measured based on, for example, 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
- Polyvinyl acetal having an acetalization degree in the above range is suitable for forming an antifogging film having good water absorption and water resistance.
- the average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 200 to 4500, more preferably 500 to 4500.
- a high average degree of polymerization is advantageous for the formation of an antifogging film having good water absorption and water resistance, but if the average degree of polymerization is too high, the viscosity of the solution becomes too high, which may hinder the formation of the film. is there.
- the saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 75 to 99.8 mol%.
- aldehyde to be subjected to a condensation reaction with polyvinyl alcohol examples include aliphatic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexyl carbaldehyde, octyl carbaldehyde, decyl carbaldehyde.
- benzaldehyde 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, other alkyl group-substituted benzaldehydes; chlorobenzaldehyde, other halogen atom-substituted benzaldehydes; alkyl such as hydroxy group, alkoxy group, amino group, cyano group
- aromatic aldehydes such as condensed aromatic aldehydes such as naphthaldehyde and anthraldehyde.
- Aromatic aldehydes with strong hydrophobicity are advantageous in forming an antifogging film having a low degree of acetalization and excellent water resistance.
- the use of an aromatic aldehyde is also advantageous in forming a film having high water absorption while leaving many hydroxyl groups remaining.
- the polyvinyl acetal preferably contains an acetal structure derived from an aromatic aldehyde, particularly benzaldehyde.
- the content of the water-absorbing resin in the anti-fogging film is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 65% by mass or more, from the viewpoints of film hardness, water absorption and anti-fogging property. It is 95 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 90 mass% or less, Most preferably, it is 85 mass% or less.
- water repellent group In order to sufficiently obtain the above-described effects due to the water repellent group, it is preferable to use a water repellent group having high water repellency.
- Preferred water repellent groups are (1) a chain or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and (2) a chain or cyclic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms. It is at least one selected from alkyl groups (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fluorine-substituted alkyl groups”).
- the chain or cyclic alkyl group is preferably a chain alkyl group.
- the chain alkyl group may be a branched alkyl group, but is preferably a linear alkyl group.
- An alkyl group having more than 30 carbon atoms may cause the antifogging film to become cloudy.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 6 to 14.
- Particularly preferred alkyl groups are linear alkyl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, particularly 8 to 12 carbon atoms, such as n-decyl group (10 carbon atoms) and n-dodecyl group (12 carbon atoms).
- the fluorine-substituted alkyl group may be a group in which only part of the hydrogen atoms of the chain or cyclic alkyl group is substituted with fluorine atoms, and all of the hydrogen atoms of the chain or cyclic alkyl group. May be a group substituted with a fluorine atom, for example, a linear perfluoroalkyl group. Since the fluorine-substituted alkyl group has high water repellency, a sufficient effect can be obtained by adding a small amount. However, if the content of the fluorine-substituted alkyl group is too large, it may be separated from other components in the coating solution for forming a film.
- a metal compound having a water repellent group (water repellent group-containing metal compound), particularly a metal compound having a water repellent group and a hydrolyzable functional group or a halogen atom ( A water repellent group-containing hydrolyzable metal compound) or a hydrolyzate thereof may be added to a coating solution for forming a film.
- the water repellent group may be derived from a water repellent group-containing hydrolyzable metal compound.
- the water repellent group-containing hydrolyzable metal compound is preferably a water repellent group-containing hydrolyzable silicon compound represented by the following formula (I).
- R is a water repellent group, that is, a linear or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in which at least part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with fluorine atoms
- Y is a hydrolyzable functional group.
- a group or a halogen atom, and m is an integer of 1 to 3.
- the hydrolyzable functional group is, for example, at least one selected from an alkoxyl group, an acetoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, and an amino group, preferably an alkoxy group, particularly an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- An alkenyloxy group is, for example, an isopropenoxy group.
- the halogen atom is preferably chlorine.
- the functional groups exemplified here can also be used as “hydrolyzable functional groups” described below.
- m is preferably 1 to 2.
- the compound represented by formula (I) supplies the component represented by the following formula (II) when hydrolysis and polycondensation have completely proceeded.
- R and m are as described above.
- the compound represented by formula (II) actually forms a network structure in which silicon atoms are bonded to each other through oxygen atoms in the antifogging film.
- the compound represented by the formula (I) is hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed, and further, at least partly polycondensed to alternately connect silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, and three-dimensionally.
- a network structure of spreading siloxane bonds Si—O—Si
- a water repellent group R is connected to silicon atoms included in the network structure.
- the water repellent group R is fixed to the network structure of the siloxane bond through the bond R—Si. This structure is advantageous in uniformly dispersing the water repellent group R in the film.
- the network structure may contain a silica component supplied from a silicon compound (for example, tetraalkoxysilane, silane coupling agent) other than the water repellent group-containing hydrolyzable silicon compound represented by the formula (I).
- a silica component supplied from a silicon compound for example, tetraalkoxysilane, silane coupling agent
- a hydrolyzable silicon compound having no water repellent group and a hydrolyzable functional group or halogen atom water repellent group-free hydrolyzable silicon compound
- a network structure of siloxane bonds including silicon atoms bonded to water repellent groups and silicon atoms not bonded to water repellent groups can be formed. With such a structure, it becomes easy to adjust the water repellent group content and the metal oxide component content in the antifogging film independently of each other.
- the water repellent group has an effect of improving the antifogging performance by improving the water vapor permeability on the surface of the antifogging film containing the water-absorbing resin. Since the two functions of water absorption and water repellency are contradictory to each other, the water-absorbing material and the water-repellent material have been conventionally assigned to different layers, but the water-repellent group is located near the surface of the antifogging layer. Eliminates the uneven distribution of water, prolongs the time until condensation, and improves the antifogging property of the antifogging film having a single layer structure. The effect will be described below.
- Water vapor that has entered the anti-fogging film containing the water-absorbing resin is hydrogen-bonded with a hydroxyl group of the water-absorbing resin or the like, and is retained in the form of bound water. As the amount increases, the water vapor is retained from the bound water form to the semi-bound water form and finally to the free water form retained in the voids in the antifogging membrane.
- the water repellent group prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds and facilitates the dissociation of the formed hydrogen bonds. If the content of the water-absorbing resin is the same, there is no difference in the number of hydroxyl groups capable of hydrogen bonding in the film, but the water-repellent group reduces the rate of hydrogen bond formation.
- the anti-fogging film containing a water repellent group moisture is finally retained in the film in any of the above forms, but by the time it is retained, it remains as water vapor up to the bottom of the film. Can diffuse. Also, the water once retained is easily dissociated and easily moves to the bottom of the membrane in the state of water vapor. As a result, the distribution of moisture retention in the film thickness direction is relatively uniform from the vicinity of the surface to the bottom of the film. That is, since all of the thickness direction of the anti-fogging film can be effectively utilized and water supplied to the film surface can be absorbed, water droplets hardly condense on the surface and the anti-fogging property is improved.
- a water-repellent group is introduced into an antifogging film using a water-repellent group-containing hydrolyzable silicon compound (see formula (I))
- a strong siloxane bond (Si—O—Si) network structure is formed.
- the formation of this network structure is advantageous not only from the viewpoint of wear resistance but also from the viewpoint of improving hardness, water resistance and the like.
- the water repellent group may be added to such an extent that the contact angle of water on the surface of the antifogging film is 70 degrees or more, preferably 80 degrees or more, more preferably 90 degrees or more.
- the contact angle of water a value measured by dropping a 4 mg water droplet on the surface of the membrane is adopted.
- a methyl group or an ethyl group having a slightly weak water repellency is used as the water repellent group, it is preferable to add an amount of the water repellent group having a water contact angle in the above range to the antifogging film.
- the upper limit of the contact angle of the water droplet is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 150 degrees or less, for example, 120 degrees or less, and further 100 degrees or less. It is preferable that the water repellent group be uniformly contained in the antifogging film so that the contact angle of the water droplets is in the above range in all regions of the surface of the antifogging film.
- the anti-fogging film is 0.05 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin. It is preferable that a water repellent group is contained so that it may become in the range of 5 parts by mass or less, preferably 5 parts by mass or less.
- the antifogging film contains a metal oxide component.
- the metal oxide component is, for example, an oxide component of at least one element selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Nd, La, Ce and Sn, and preferably an Si oxide component (silica component) ).
- the antifogging film is 0.01 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, further preferably 1 part by mass or more, particularly preferably 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin.
- the metal oxide component is included so that the amount is 35 parts by mass or less, particularly preferably 33 parts by mass or less, and in some cases, 30 parts by mass or less.
- the metal oxide component is a component necessary for ensuring the strength of the film, particularly the scratch resistance. However, if its content is excessive, the antifogging property of the film is lowered.
- the metal oxide component may be a hydrolyzable metal compound or a metal oxide component derived from the hydrolyzate added to a coating solution for forming an antifogging film.
- the hydrolyzable metal compound has a) a metal compound having a water repellent group and a hydrolyzable functional group or a halogen atom (water repellent group-containing hydrolyzable metal compound), and b) a water repellent group. It is at least one selected from a metal compound having a hydrolyzable functional group or a halogen atom (a water-repellent group-free hydrolyzable metal compound).
- the metal oxide component derived from a) and / or b) is an oxide of metal atoms constituting the hydrolyzable metal compound.
- the metal oxide component includes the metal oxide component derived from the metal oxide fine particles added to the coating solution for forming the antifogging film, the hydrolyzable metal compound added to the coating solution, or the And a metal oxide component derived from the hydrolyzate.
- the hydrolyzable metal compound is at least one selected from a) and b) above.
- the b), that is, the hydrolyzable metal compound having no water repellent group may contain at least one selected from tetraalkoxysilane and a silane coupling agent.
- the metal oxide fine particles and the above b) will be described except for the above-described a).
- the antifogging film may further contain metal oxide fine particles as at least a part of the metal oxide component.
- the metal oxide constituting the metal oxide fine particles is, for example, an oxide of at least one element selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Nd, La, Ce and Sn, preferably silica fine particles. is there.
- Silica fine particles can be introduced into the film, for example, by adding colloidal silica.
- the metal oxide fine particles are excellent in the action of transmitting the stress applied to the antifogging film to the transparent article supporting the film, and have a high hardness. Therefore, the addition of metal oxide fine particles is advantageous from the viewpoint of improving the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the antifogging film.
- metal oxide fine particles when metal oxide fine particles are added to the antifogging film, fine voids are formed at sites where the fine particles are in contact with or close to, and water vapor is easily taken into the film from the voids. For this reason, the addition of metal oxide fine particles may advantageously work to improve antifogging properties.
- the metal oxide fine particles can be supplied to the antifogging film by adding metal oxide fine particles formed in advance to a coating solution for forming the antifogging film.
- the preferable average particle diameter of the metal oxide fine particles is 1 to 20 nm, particularly 5 to 20 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the metal oxide fine particles is described in the state of primary particles.
- the average particle diameter of the metal oxide fine particles is determined by measuring the particle diameters of 50 fine particles arbitrarily selected by observation using a scanning electron microscope and adopting the average value. If the content of the metal oxide fine particles is excessive, the water absorption amount of the entire film is lowered and the film may become cloudy.
- the metal oxide fine particles are 0 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 30 parts by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the water absorbent resin. It may be added so as to be 10 to 20 parts by mass.
- the anti-fogging film may contain a metal oxide component derived from a hydrolyzable metal compound having no water-repellent group (water-repellent group-free hydrolyzable compound).
- a preferred hydrolyzable metal compound containing no water repellent group is a hydrolyzable silicon compound having no water repellent group.
- the hydrolyzable silicon compound having no water repellent group is, for example, at least one silicon compound selected from silicon alkoxide, chlorosilane, acetoxysilane, alkenyloxysilane and aminosilane (however, having no water repellent group), Silicon alkoxide having no water repellent group is preferred.
- An example of alkenyloxysilane is isopropenoxysilane.
- the hydrolyzable silicon compound having no water repellent group may be a compound represented by the following formula (III).
- SiY 4 (III) As described above, Y is a hydrolyzable functional group, and is preferably at least one selected from an alkoxyl group, an acetoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an amino group, and a halogen atom.
- the water repellent group-free hydrolyzable metal compound is hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed, and further, at least a part thereof is polycondensed to supply a metal oxide component in which a metal atom and an oxygen atom are bonded.
- This component can strongly bond the metal oxide fine particles and the water-absorbent resin, and can contribute to improvement of the wear resistance, hardness, water resistance, etc. of the antifogging film.
- the metal oxide component derived from the hydrolyzable metal compound having no water repellent group is 0 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin. It may be 20 parts by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass, and in some cases 4 to 12 parts by mass.
- a preferred example of the hydrolyzable silicon compound having no water repellent group is tetraalkoxysilane, more specifically, tetraalkoxysilane having an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Tetraalkoxysilanes include, for example, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, tetraisobutoxysilane, tetra-sec-butoxysilane, and tetra-tert- It is at least one selected from butoxysilane.
- the metal oxide component derived from tetraalkoxysilane may be added in the range of 0 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin.
- silane coupling agents are silicon compounds having different reactive functional groups. A part of the reactive functional group is preferably a hydrolyzable functional group.
- the silane coupling agent is, for example, a silicon compound having an epoxy group and / or an amino group and a hydrolyzable functional group.
- preferable silane coupling agents include glycidyloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane and aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane. In these silane coupling agents, the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group directly bonded to the silicon atom is preferably 1 to 3.
- the glycidyloxyalkyl group and the aminoalkyl group include a functional group (epoxy group or amino group) that exhibits hydrophilicity, the glycidyloxyalkyl group and the aminoalkyl group are not water-repellent as a whole although they include an alkylene group.
- the silane coupling agent strongly binds the water-absorbing resin that is an organic component and the metal oxide fine particles that are an inorganic component, and can contribute to the improvement of wear resistance, hardness, water resistance, and the like of the antifogging film.
- the metal oxide component derived from the silane coupling agent is in the range of 0 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water absorbent resin. Should be added.
- the antifogging film may include a crosslinked structure derived from a crosslinking agent, preferably at least one crosslinking agent selected from an organic boron compound, an organic titanium compound, and an organic zirconium compound.
- a crosslinked structure improves the wear resistance, scratch resistance and water resistance of the antifogging film. From another viewpoint, the introduction of a crosslinked structure facilitates improving the durability of the antifogging film without deteriorating the antifogging performance.
- the antifogging film When a crosslinked structure derived from a crosslinking agent is introduced into the antifogging film in which the metal oxide component is a silica component, the antifogging film has a metal atom other than silicon as a metal atom, preferably boron, titanium or zirconium, May be contained.
- the type of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it can crosslink the water-absorbing resin to be used.
- the organic titanium compound is, for example, at least one selected from titanium alkoxide, titanium chelate compound, and titanium acylate.
- the titanium alkoxide is, for example, titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetra-n-butoxide, or titanium tetraoctoxide.
- the titanium chelate compound include titanium acetylacetonate, titanium ethylacetoacetate, titanium octylene glycol, titanium triethanolamine, and titanium lactate.
- the titanium lactate may be an ammonium salt (titanium lactate ammonium).
- the titanium acylate is, for example, titanium stearate.
- Preferred organic titanium compounds are titanium chelate compounds, particularly titanium lactate.
- a preferable cross-linking agent is an organic titanium compound, particularly titanium lactate.
- Additives may be surfactants, leveling agents, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, antifoaming agents, preservatives, and the like.
- the preferred film thickness of the antifogging film is 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 15 ⁇ m, particularly 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a coating liquid for forming the antifogging film is applied onto a transparent article such as a transparent substrate, the applied coating liquid is dried, and a high-temperature and high-humidity treatment is performed as necessary.
- a film can be formed.
- Conventionally known materials and methods may be used as the solvent used for preparing the coating liquid and the coating method.
- the relative humidity of the atmosphere it is preferable to maintain the relative humidity of the atmosphere at less than 40%, more preferably 30% or less. Keeping the relative humidity low can prevent the film from absorbing excessive moisture from the atmosphere. If a large amount of moisture is absorbed from the atmosphere, the water remaining in the membrane matrix may reduce the strength of the membrane.
- the drying process of the coating liquid includes an air drying process and a heating drying process with heating.
- the air drying step is preferably performed by exposing the coating liquid to an atmosphere in which the relative humidity is kept below 40%, and further 30% or less.
- the air drying process can be performed as a non-heating process, in other words, at room temperature.
- the temperature applied in the heat drying process should not be excessively high.
- An appropriate heating temperature in this case is 300 ° C. or less, for example, 100 to 200 ° C., and the heating time is 1 minute to 1 hour.
- a high-temperature and high-humidity treatment step may be appropriately performed. By carrying out the high-temperature and high-humidity treatment step, it is possible to more easily balance the antifogging property and the strength of the film.
- the high-temperature and high-humidity treatment step can be carried out, for example, by holding in an atmosphere of 50 to 100 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 95% for 5 minutes to 1 hour.
- the high temperature and high humidity treatment step may be performed after the coating step and the drying step, or may be performed after the coating step and the air drying step and before the heat drying step. Particularly in the former case, a heat treatment step may be further performed after the high temperature and high humidity treatment step. This additional heat treatment step can be performed, for example, by holding in an atmosphere of 80 to 180 ° C. for 5 minutes to 1 hour.
- the antifogging film formed from the coating solution may be washed and / or wiped with a poultice as necessary. Specifically, it can be carried out by exposing the surface of the antifogging film to a water flow or wiping with a cloth soaked with water.
- the water used in these is suitably pure water. It is better to avoid using solutions containing detergents for cleaning. By this step, dust, dirt, etc. adhering to the surface of the anti-fogging film can be removed to obtain a clean coating surface.
- the transparent article with an antifogging film according to the present embodiment includes a transparent article and an antifogging film formed on the surface thereof.
- the antifogging film contains metal atoms other than silicon, and is preferably a single layer film.
- the antifogging film includes at least polyvinyl acetal, a silica component derived from a hydrolyzable silicon compound or a hydrolyzate thereof, and a metal atom other than silicon derived from an organometallic compound.
- the antifogging film may further contain metal oxide fine particles and other functional components as required.
- Polyvinyl acetal is a water absorbent resin that absorbs and retains water.
- the antifogging film may contain a crosslinked structure containing a metal atom other than silicon. In this case, the crosslinked structure further improves the scratch resistance of the antifogging film.
- each component will be described.
- Polyvinyl acetal The polyvinyl acetal is as described in the first embodiment.
- the content of polyvinyl acetal in the antifogging film of the present embodiment is 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably from the viewpoint of film hardness, water absorption and antifogging property. Is 75% by mass or more, and is 99.5% by mass or less, preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less.
- the antifogging film contains a silica component derived from a hydrolyzable silicon compound or a hydrolyzate thereof added to a coating solution for forming a film.
- the hydrolyzable silicon compound is hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed, and at least a part thereof is polycondensed to supply a silica component in which silicon atoms and oxygen atoms are bonded.
- This silica component can contribute to improvement of wear resistance, hardness, water resistance, etc. of the antifogging film.
- the hydrolyzable silicon compound is a silicon compound having a hydrolyzable functional group or a halogen atom.
- the hydrolyzable functional group is, for example, at least one selected from an alkoxyl group, an acetoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, and an amino group, preferably an alkoxy group, particularly an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- An alkenyloxy group is, for example, an isopropenoxy group.
- the halogen atom is preferably chlorine.
- the silica component is 0.01 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, depending on the case with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal.
- the hydrolyzable silicon compound preferably contains a compound (SiY 4 ) represented by the above formula (III).
- the compound represented by formula (III) supplies the silica component represented by SiO 2 by hydrolysis and subsequent polycondensation.
- This silica component actually forms a network structure in which silicon atoms are bonded to each other through oxygen atoms in the antifogging film.
- the compound represented by the formula (III) is preferably tetraalkoxysilane.
- the tetraalkoxysilane is as described in the first embodiment.
- the hydrolyzable silicon compound preferably contains a compound represented by the formula (IV) together with a compound represented by the formula (III).
- L is a chain or cyclic hydrocarbon group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted.
- Y and m are as described above.
- L is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, a chain hydrocarbon group, particularly a straight chain hydrocarbon group, in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted. May be.
- the chain hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group.
- a preferred chain hydrocarbon group is a linear alkyl group.
- L may be a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, a cycloalkyl group or a phenyl group, in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted.
- Examples of the functional group that substitutes a hydrogen atom include an epoxy group, an amino group, a (meth) acryloxy group, a ureido group, a mercapto group, and an isocyanate group.
- the hydrogen atom may be substituted with a halogen atom such as chlorine or fluorine.
- L may be the water repellent group R described in the first embodiment.
- the compound represented by the formula (IV) supplies a silica component represented by SiO 2 (4-m) / 2 by hydrolysis and subsequent polycondensation.
- This silica component together with SiO 2 supplied from the compound represented by formula (III), forms a network structure in which silicon atoms are bonded to each other through oxygen atoms in the antifogging film.
- the compound represented by the formula (IV) may typically be a compound known as a silane coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent is a silicon compound having different reactive functional groups, and has, for example, an epoxy group and / or an amino group and a hydrolyzable functional group.
- preferable silane coupling agents include glycidyloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane and aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane.
- the alkyl group directly bonded to the silicon atom preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the silane coupling agent improves the affinity between the polyvinyl acetal and the silica component.
- the silicon compound represented by formula (III) Since the silicon compound represented by formula (III) has four hydrolyzable functional groups, it can form a stronger network structure than the silicon compound represented by formula (IV) having three hydrolyzable functional groups. Is suitable. In consideration of this, even when the silicon compound represented by the formula (IV) is used, it is desirable that a relatively larger amount of the silicon compound represented by the formula (III) is blended when compared by the number of silicon atoms.
- formula (ratio N Si of the number of silicon atoms contained in the compounds shown in IV) N Si (IV) ( IV) / N Si (T) is from 0.01 to 0.4, more 0. It is preferably in the range of 1 to 0.35.
- the antifogging film contains metal atoms other than silicon. It is preferable that the antifogging film has a crosslinked structure containing the metal atom.
- the crosslinked structure can contribute to the improvement of the abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and water resistance of the antifogging film.
- the metal atom other than silicon is, for example, at least one selected from boron, titanium and zirconium, particularly at least one selected from titanium and zirconium.
- the crosslinked structure can be introduced into the antifogging film by adding a crosslinking agent to the coating solution for forming the antifogging film.
- a preferred crosslinking agent is at least one selected from an organic boron compound, an organic titanium compound, and an organic zirconium compound, particularly an organic titanium compound.
- the organic titanium compound is, for example, at least one selected from titanium alkoxide, titanium chelate compound, and titanium acylate.
- the titanium alkoxide is, for example, titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetra-n-butoxide, or titanium tetraoctoxide.
- titanium chelate compound examples include titanium acetylacetonate, titanium ethylacetoacetate, titanium octylene glycol, titanium triethanolamine, and titanium lactate.
- the titanium lactate may be an ammonium salt (titanium lactate ammonium).
- the titanium acylate is, for example, titanium stearate.
- Preferred organic titanium compounds are titanium chelate compounds, particularly titanium lactate.
- the strength of the antifogging film has been implemented by blending a silica component into the film.
- a silica component derived from a hydrolyzable silicon compound forms a firm network structure.
- the introduction of this silica component improves the scratch resistance of the antifogging film, but on the other hand hardens the film, and as a result, the movement of the polymer chain accompanying water absorption is limited. For this reason, if the strength of the film is improved by blending only the silica component, the antifogging property is greatly reduced.
- the introduction of a crosslinked structure containing a metal atom other than silicon is suitable for improving the strength of the film while avoiding the hardening of the film, which causes the movement of the polymer chain.
- the metal atom other than silicon contained in the crosslinked structure is 0.01 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal. It is good if it is contained in the antifogging film in the range of not less than 50 parts by mass, preferably not more than 50 parts by mass, preferably not more than 40 parts by mass, more preferably not more than 20 parts by mass, still more preferably not more than 10 parts by mass, and in some cases 5 It is good if it is contained in the anti-fogging film in a range of less than or equal to the part.
- the antifogging film may further contain metal oxide fine particles.
- the kind of metal oxide constituting the metal oxide fine particles, the action thereof, the supply method to the film, the preferable average particle diameter and the appropriate content are as described in the first embodiment.
- the anti-fogging article was left for 1 hour in an environment of room temperature 20 ° C. and relative humidity 30%.
- warm water whose water temperature is kept at 40 ° C. is accommodated in a constant temperature water tank, and an antifogging article is disposed above the warm water so that the antifogging film is exposed to water vapor until the antifogging film is clouded.
- fogging was confirmed in 10 seconds or less.
- a nell cloth (No. 300) is attached to a reciprocating abrasion tester (“HEIDON-18” manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.), and the surface of the antifogging film of the antifogging article is 0.25 kg / cm.
- the flannel cloth was reciprocated 1000 times while applying a load of 2 , and the appearance of the film surface was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- ⁇ No change in appearance
- ⁇ Slightly unclear and very shallow scratches can be confirmed.
- ⁇ A clear flaw can be visually confirmed.
- X Peeling of the antifogging film is observed.
- Example A1 Polyvinyl acetal resin-containing solution (“SREC KX-5” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content 8% by mass, acetalization degree 9 mol%, including acetal structure derived from benzaldehyde) 62.5% by mass, tetraethoxysilane ( TEOS, 1.04% by mass of “KBE-04” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., titanium lactate (“Orgatechs TC-310” manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.); 44 Ti (OH) 2 [OCH (CH 3 ) COOH] 2 (Solution containing 2-propanol and water as a mixed solvent) 1.21% by mass, alcohol solvent (“Solmix AP-7” manufactured by Nippon Alcohol Industry) 17.79% by mass, purified water 17.44% by mass %, Nitric acid 0.01% by weight as acid catalyst, leveling agent (“SREC KX-5” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd
- the coating solution was applied by a flow coating method on a washed float plate glass (soda lime silicate glass, thickness 3.1 mm, size 100 ⁇ 100 mm) in an environment of room temperature 20 ° C. and relative humidity 30%. After drying for 10 minutes in the same environment, a (preliminary) heat treatment at 120 ° C. was performed. Thereafter, high temperature and high humidity treatment was performed by applying the atmosphere and time described above, and additional heat treatment was performed by applying the atmosphere and time as described above to produce an antifogging article.
- Example A2 Silica fine particle dispersion (“Snowtex OS” manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 20% by mass, average particle size (primary particle size) 10 nm) 3.75% by mass is further added, and the amount of alcohol solvent added is 17.
- a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that 04 mass% and the amount of purified water added was 14.44 mass%, to produce an antifogging article.
- Example A3 Niobium oxide fine particle dispersion (manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd. “Vilar Nb-X10”, solid content 10% by mass) is further added at 5.00% by mass, the amount of alcohol solvent is 16.94% by mass, and purified water is added A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the amount was 13.29% by mass, and an antifogging article was produced.
- Example A4 Further, 2.50% by mass of zirconium oxide fine particle dispersion (“Biral Zr-C20” manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content 20% by mass), 17.29% by mass of alcohol solvent, and addition of purified water A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the amount was 15.44% by mass, and an antifogging article was produced.
- zirconium oxide fine particle dispersion (“Biral Zr-C20” manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content 20% by mass), 17.29% by mass of alcohol solvent, and addition of purified water A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the amount was 15.44% by mass, and an antifogging article was produced.
- Example A5 Tin oxide fine particle dispersion (“Selnax CX-S301H” manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 30% by mass) 0.17% by mass was further added, the addition amount of alcohol solvent was 17.73% by mass, purified water A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1 except that the addition amount was 17.33% by mass, and an antifogging article was produced.
- Example A6 Further, 0.14% by mass of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS, “KBM-403” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added, the amount of alcohol solvent added was 16.90% by mass, the amount of purified water added A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A2 except that the amount was 14.44% by mass, and an antifogging article was produced.
- GTMS 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- Example A7 The addition amount of the polyvinyl acetal resin-containing solution was 50.0% by mass, 0.35% by mass of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS, “KBM-403” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and silica fine particle dispersion 7 .50% by mass, tetraethoxysilane added to 2.60% by mass, titanium lactate added to 1.20% by mass, alcohol solvent added to 20.01% by mass, A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1, except that the amount of purified water added was 18.32% by mass, and 0.01% by mass acetic acid was used instead of 0.01% by mass nitric acid. Thus, an antifogging article was produced.
- GTMS 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- Example A8 The addition amount of the polyvinyl acetal resin-containing solution was 50.0% by mass, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS, “KBM-403” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.35% by mass and 3-trimethoxysilyl 1.00% by mass of propyl succinic anhydride (“X-12-967C” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 7.50% by mass of silica fine particle dispersion are added, and the amount of tetraethoxysilane added is 2.60.
- GTMS 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- X-12-967C manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the addition amount of titanium lactate is 1.20% by mass
- the addition amount of alcohol solvent is 19.01% by mass
- the addition amount of purified water is 18.32% by mass
- the nitric acid is 0.01% by mass.
- an antifogging article was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1, except that 0.01% by mass of acetic acid was used.
- Example A2 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A1, except that titanium lactate was not added, the amount of alcohol solvent added was 18.81% by mass, and the amount of purified water added was 17.63% by mass. An antifogging article was prepared.
- Example A3 Except that titanium lactate was not added, the amount of tetraethoxysilane added was 3.47% by mass, the amount of alcohol solvent added was 16.38% by mass, and the amount of purified water added was 17.63% by mass. In the same manner as in Example A1, a coating solution was prepared to produce an antifogging article.
- Example A4 Except that tetraethoxysilane was not added, the amount of titanium lactate added was 2.41% by mass, the amount of alcohol solvent added was 17.05% by mass, and the amount of purified water added was 14.27% by mass. In the same manner as in Example A2, a coating solution was prepared to produce an antifogging article.
- Example A5 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example A2, except that titanium lactate was not added, the amount of alcohol solvent added was 18.06% by mass, and the amount of purified water added was 14.63% by mass. An antifogging article was prepared.
- an antifogging film was formed in the same manner as in Example A1. Thereafter, an aqueous solution containing a surfactant diluted to 10% by mass (“Rapisol A-30”, sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate manufactured by NOF Corporation) was applied to the surface of the antifogging film, A heat drying treatment at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes was performed to obtain an antifogging article.
- a surfactant diluted to 10% by mass (“Rapisol A-30”, sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate manufactured by NOF Corporation
- Example B1 Polyvinyl acetal resin-containing solution (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. “ESREC KX-5”, solid content 8 mass%, acetalization degree 9 mol%, including acetal structure derived from benzaldehyde) 62.5 mass%, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS, “KBM-13” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1.02% by mass, silica fine particle dispersion (“Snowtex OS” manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., solid content 20% by mass with water as dispersion medium, average particle size (Primary particle size: 10 nm) 3.75% by mass, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- KBE-04 1.04% by mass
- titanium lactate Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. “Orga Tix TC-310”)
- Ti (OH) 2 [OCH (CH 3) COOH] 2 hints 44 wt%
- solvent to a mixed solvent of 2-propanol and water ) 1.21% by mass
- alcohol solvent (“SOLMIX AP-7” manufactured by Nippon Alcohol Industry) 16.02% by mass
- nitric acid 0.01% by mass as an acid catalyst leveling agent (Shin-Etsu)
- a coating solution for forming an antifogging film was prepared by placing 0.01% by mass of “KP-341” manufactured by Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. into a glass container and stirring at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 3 hours.
- the coating solution was applied by a flow coating method on a washed float plate glass (soda lime silicate glass, thickness 3.1 mm, size 100 ⁇ 100 mm) in an environment of room temperature 20 ° C. and relative humidity 30%. After drying for 10 minutes in the same environment, a (preliminary) heat treatment at 120 ° C. was performed. Thereafter, high temperature and high humidity treatment was performed by applying the atmosphere and time described above, and additional heat treatment was also performed by applying the atmosphere and time described above.
- Example B2 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.2% by mass of dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES, “KBE-22” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, and the addition amount of the alcohol solvent was 16.84% by mass. Except for the above, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1, and an antifogging article was produced.
- DMDES dimethyldiethoxysilane
- Example B3 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.15% by mass of n-hexyltrimethoxysilane (HTMS, “KBM-3063” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, and the addition amount of the alcohol solvent was 16.89%.
- a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the content was%, and an antifogging article was produced.
- Example B4 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.07% by mass of n-decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS, “KBM-3103” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, and the amount of alcohol solvent added was 16.97% by mass.
- a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the content was%, and an antifogging article was produced.
- Example B5 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.07% by mass of n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DDTMS, “KBM-3103” manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used, and the addition amount of the alcohol solvent was 16.97%.
- a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the content was%, and an antifogging article was produced.
- Example B6 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.5% by mass of fluoroalkylsilane (F8263, “Dynasylan F8263” manufactured by Evonik Degussa Japan; containing a fluoroalkyl group having 30 or less carbon atoms) is used, and alcohol A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the amount of the solvent added was 16.54% by mass, and an antifogging article was produced.
- fluoroalkylsilane F8263, “Dynasylan F8263” manufactured by Evonik Degussa Japan; containing a fluoroalkyl group having 30 or less carbon atoms
- Example B7 Except that silica fine particles and tetraethoxysilane were not added, the addition amount of alcohol solvent was 18.76% by mass, and the addition amount of purified water was 17.44% by mass, as in Example B4, A coating solution was prepared to produce an antifogging article.
- Example B8 Except that the coating liquid was applied by a bar coater, a coating liquid was prepared in the same manner as in Example B4 to produce an antifogging article.
- Example B9 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.27% by mass of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES, “KBE-13” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the addition amount of water is 0.69% by mass, titanium lactate is not added, the addition amount of alcohol solvent is 18.85% by mass, the addition amount of purified water is 17.63% by mass, and 0.05% by mass of nitric acid.
- a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 except that the antifogging article was produced.
- Example B10 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.27% by mass of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES, “KBE-13” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the amount of water added is 0.69% by mass, titanium lactate is not added, the amount of alcohol solvent is 20.88% by mass, the amount of purified water is 15.63% by mass, and the surface conditioner “BYK- 307 "[manufactured by Big Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.] Except that 0.01% by mass was added, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example B1 to produce an antifogging article.
- Example B11 Instead of 1.02% by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane, 0.37% by mass of n-hexyltrimethoxysilane (HTMS, “KBM-3063” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- the coating was performed in the same manner as in Example B1, except that 0.01% by mass was used, the addition amount of the alcohol solvent was 20.44% by mass, and the addition amount of purified water was 15.63% by mass.
- a liquid was prepared to produce an antifogging article.
- Example B1 The float glass plate used in Example B1 was evaluated as it was without applying the coating solution.
- the mass part of the silica component derived from tetraethoxysilane is the mass part obtained by converting tetraethoxysilane into SiO 2
- the mass part of the silica component derived from GPTMS is the mass part obtained by converting GPTMS into SiO 1.5
- the mass part of the silica component derived from the water-repellent group-containing compound means the mass part of the water-repellent group-containing hydrolyzable silicon compound converted to SiO 1.5 or SiO depending on the number of hydrolyzable functional groups. It is.
- Table 3 shows the amount of each component of the coating liquid with respect to 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl acetal
- Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the antifogging articles for the above Examples, Comparative Examples and Reference Examples.
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Abstract
Description
透明物品と、前記透明物品上に形成された防曇膜と、を備え、
前記防曇膜が、吸水性樹脂、撥水基及び金属酸化物成分を含む単層膜であり、
前記撥水基が、水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基であり、
前記撥水基が前記金属酸化物成分を構成する金属原子に直接結合している、防曇膜つき透明物品、を提供する。
透明物品と、前記透明物品上に形成された防曇膜と、を備え、
前記防曇膜が、ポリビニルアセタール、シリカ成分、及びシリコン以外の金属原子を含み、
前記シリカ成分が、前記防曇膜を形成するための塗工液に添加された、加水分解性シリコン化合物又は加水分解性シリコン化合物の加水分解物に由来し、
前記シリコン以外の金属原子が、前記塗工液に添加された、有機金属化合物に由来する、防曇膜つき透明物品、を提供する。
本実施形態による防曇膜つき透明物品は、透明物品と、その表面上に形成された単層の防曇膜とを備えている。防曇膜は撥水基を含有する。
透明物品は、その形状を問わないが、樹脂板、ガラス板に代表される透明基板が適している。透明基板としては、高い表面硬度を有するガラス板が好適である。
ガラス板は、例えば、車両用、建築用及び産業用の各分野で最も一般に用いられているフロート板ガラスであってよい。ガラス板は、着色されている必要はないが、グリーン、ブロンズ等に着色されていてもよい。また、強化ガラス、合わせガラス、複層ガラス等へと処理又は加工されていてもよい。主面の形状も、平面、曲面のいずれであってもよい。板厚は、例えば1~12mmであり、建築用としては3~10mmが、車両用としては1~5mmがそれぞれ好適である。
樹脂板としては、ポリカーボネート板、ポリメチルメタクリレート板に代表されるアクリル樹脂板が適している。樹脂板の板厚は、2~8mmが適切であり、3~6mmが好適である。樹脂板の表面には、防曇膜との密着性を向上させるための表面処理を施してもよい。樹脂板の表面処理としては、コロナ放電処理、プラズマ処理、クロム酸処理(湿式)、火炎処理、熱風処理、オゾン・紫外線照射処理等の酸化処理、及びサンドブラスト法、溶剤処理法等の凹凸化処理を挙げることができる。これらの処理の中では、効果及び操作性の観点からコロナ放電処理が好ましい。
透明物品は、その一方の主面上に反射膜を設けた鏡であってもよい。鏡を構成する透明基板としても、上述したガラス板及び樹脂板を使用できる。この場合、防曇膜は、反射膜を設けた透明基板の主面と反対側の主面に形成されることが好ましい。防曇膜つき鏡は、いわゆる防曇鏡として使用できる。
第一の実施形態において、防曇膜は、透明物品の表面に形成された単層膜である。単層膜である防曇膜は、少なくとも吸水性樹脂と撥水基と金属酸化物成分とを含んでいる。防曇膜は、必要に応じ、その他の機能成分をさらに含んでいてもよい。吸水性樹脂は、水を吸収して保持できる樹脂であればその種類を問わない。撥水基は、撥水基を有する金属化合物(撥水基含有金属化合物)から防曇膜に供給することができる。金属酸化物成分は、撥水基含有金属化合物その他の金属化合物、金属酸化物微粒子等から防曇膜に供給することができる。以下、各成分について説明する。
吸水性樹脂は、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリ酢酸ビニルを例示できる。吸水性樹脂は、ポリビニルアセタールを含むことが好ましい。
撥水基による上述の効果を十分に得るためには、撥水性が高い撥水基を用いることが好ましい。好ましい撥水基は、(1)炭素数3~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基、及び(2)水素原子の少なくとも一部をフッ素原子により置換した炭素数1~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基(以下、「フッ素置換アルキル基」ということがある)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である。
撥水基を防曇膜に配合するためには、撥水基を有する金属化合物(撥水基含有金属化合物)、特に撥水基と加水分解可能な官能基又はハロゲン原子とを有する金属化合物(撥水基含有加水分解性金属化合物)又はその加水分解物を、膜を形成するための塗工液に添加するとよい。言い換えると、撥水基は、撥水基含有加水分解性金属化合物に由来するものであってもよい。撥水基含有加水分解性金属化合物としては、以下の式(I)に示す撥水基含有加水分解性シリコン化合物が好適である。
RmSiY4-m (I)
ここで、Rは、撥水基、すなわち水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基であり、Yは加水分解可能な官能基又はハロゲン原子であり、mは1~3の整数である。加水分解可能な官能基は、例えば、アルコキシル基、アセトキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基及びアミノ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、好ましくはアルコキシ基、特に炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基である。アルケニルオキシ基は、例えばイソプロペノキシ基である。ハロゲン原子は、好ましくは塩素である。なお、ここに例示した官能基は、以降に述べる「加水分解可能な官能基」としても使用することができる。mは好ましくは1~2である。
RmSiO(4-m)/2 (II)
ここで、R及びmは、上述したとおりである。加水分解及び重縮合の後、式(II)により示される化合物は、実際には、防曇膜中において、シリコン原子が酸素原子を介して互いに結合したネットワーク構造を形成する。
防曇膜は、金属酸化物成分を含んでいる。金属酸化物成分は、例えば、Si、Ti、Zr、Ta、Nb、Nd、La、Ce及びSnから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素の酸化物成分であり、好ましくはSiの酸化物成分(シリカ成分)である。防曇膜は、吸水性樹脂100質量部に対し、0.01質量部以上、好ましくは0.1質量部以上、より好ましくは0.2質量部以上、さらに好ましくは1質量部以上、特に好ましくは5質量部以上、場合によっては10質量部以上、必要であれば20質量部以上、また、60質量部以下、特に50質量部以下、好ましくは45質量部以下、より好ましくは40質量部以下、さらに好ましくは35質量部以下、特に好ましくは33質量部以下、場合によっては30質量部以下となるように、金属酸化物成分を含むことが好ましい。金属酸化物成分は、膜の強度、特に耐擦傷性を確保するために必要な成分であるが、その含有量が過多となると膜の防曇性が低下する。
防曇膜は、金属酸化物成分の少なくとも一部として金属酸化物微粒子をさらに含んでいてもよい。金属酸化物微粒子を構成する金属酸化物は、例えば、Si、Ti、Zr、Ta、Nb、Nd、La、Ce及びSnから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素の酸化物であり、好ましくはシリカ微粒子である。シリカ微粒子は、例えば、コロイダルシリカを添加することにより膜に導入できる。金属酸化物微粒子は、防曇膜に加えられた応力を膜を支持する透明物品に伝達する作用に優れ、硬度も高い。したがって、金属酸化物微粒子の添加は、防曇膜の耐摩耗性及び耐擦傷性を向上させる観点から有利である。また、防曇膜に金属酸化物微粒子を添加すると、微粒子が接触又は近接している部位に微細な空隙が形成され、この空隙から膜中に水蒸気が取り込まれやすくなる。このため、金属酸化物微粒子の添加は、防曇性の向上に有利に作用することもある。金属酸化物微粒子は、防曇膜を形成するための塗工液に予め形成した金属酸化物微粒子を添加することにより、防曇膜に供給することができる。
防曇膜は、撥水基を有しない加水分解性金属化合物(撥水基非含有加水分解性化合物)に由来する金属酸化物成分を含んでいてもよい。好ましい撥水基非含有加水分解性金属化合物は、撥水基を有しない加水分解性シリコン化合物である。撥水基を有しない加水分解性シリコン化合物は、例えば、シリコンアルコキシド、クロロシラン、アセトキシシラン、アルケニルオキシシラン及びアミノシランから選ばれる少なくとも1種のシリコン化合物(ただし、撥水基を有しない)であり、撥水基を有しないシリコンアルコキシドが好ましい。なお、アルケニルオキシシランとしては、イソプロペノキシシランを例示できる。
SiY4 (III)
上述したとおり、Yは、加水分解可能な官能基であって、好ましくはアルコキシル基、アセトキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アミノ基及びハロゲン原子から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。
防曇膜は、架橋剤、好ましくは有機ホウ素化合物、有機チタン化合物及び有機ジルコニウム化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の架橋剤、に由来する架橋構造を含んでいてもよい。架橋構造の導入は、防曇膜の耐摩耗性、耐擦傷性、耐水性を向上させる。別の観点から述べると、架橋構造の導入は、防曇膜の防曇性能を低下させることなくその耐久性を改善することを容易にする。
防曇膜にはその他の添加剤を配合してもよい。添加剤としては、防曇性を改善する機能を有するグリセリン、エチレングリコール等のグリコール類が挙げられる。添加剤は、界面活性剤、レベリング剤、紫外線吸収剤、着色剤、消泡剤、防腐剤等であってもよい。
防曇膜の膜厚は、要求される防曇特性その他に応じて適宜調整すればよい。防曇膜の好ましい膜厚は、1~20μm、好ましくは2~15μm、特に3~10μmである。
防曇膜は、防曇膜を形成するための塗工液を透明基板等の透明物品上に塗布し、塗布した塗工液を乾燥させ、必要に応じてさらに高温高湿処理等を実施することにより、成膜することができる。塗工液の調製に用いる溶媒、塗工液の塗布方法は、従来から公知の材料及び方法を用いればよい。
本実施形態による防曇膜つき透明物品は、透明物品と、その表面上に形成された防曇膜とを備えている。防曇膜は、シリコン以外の金属原子を含み、好ましくは単層膜である。
透明物品については、第一の実施形態で述べたとおりである。
第二の実施形態において、防曇膜は、少なくとも、ポリビニルアセタールと、加水分解性シリコン化合物又はその加水分解物に由来するシリカ成分と、有機金属化合物に由来するシリコン以外の金属原子とを含んでいる。防曇膜は、必要に応じ、金属酸化物微粒子その他の機能成分をさらに含んでいてもよい。ポリビニルアセタールは、水を吸収して保持する吸水性樹脂である。防曇膜は、シリコン以外の金属原子を含む架橋構造を含んでいてもよく、この場合は、架橋構造が防曇膜の耐擦傷性をさらに向上させる。以下、各成分について説明する。
ポリビニルアセタールについては、第一の実施形態で述べたとおりである。
防曇膜は、膜を形成するための塗工液に添加された、加水分解性シリコン化合物又はその加水分解物に由来するシリカ成分を含んでいる。加水分解性シリコン化合物は、加水分解又は部分加水分解し、さらに少なくともその一部が重縮合して、シリコン原子と酸素原子とが結合したシリカ成分を供給する。このシリカ成分は、防曇膜の耐摩耗性、硬度、耐水性等の向上に寄与しうる。加水分解性シリコン化合物は、加水分解可能な官能基又はハロゲン原子を有するシリコン化合物である。加水分解可能な官能基は、例えば、アルコキシル基、アセトキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基及びアミノ基から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、好ましくはアルコキシ基、特に炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基である。アルケニルオキシ基は、例えばイソプロペノキシ基である。ハロゲン原子は、好ましくは塩素である。
LmSiY4-m (IV)
ここで、Lは、水素原子の少なくとも一部が置換されていてもよい鎖状又は環状の炭化水素基である。Y及びmは、上述のとおりである。
防曇膜は、シリコン以外の金属原子を含む。防曇膜には、この金属原子を含む架橋構造が導入されていることが好ましい。架橋構造は、防曇膜の耐摩耗性、耐擦傷性、耐水性の向上に寄与しうる。シリコン以外の金属原子は、例えば、ホウ素、チタン及びジルコニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つ、特にチタン及びジルコニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つである。
防曇膜は、金属酸化物微粒子をさらに含んでいてもよい。金属酸化物微粒子を構成する金属酸化物の種類、その作用、膜への供給方法、好ましい平均粒径及び適切な含有量については、第一の実施形態で述べたとおりである。
防曇膜が含みうるその他の任意成分、防曇膜の膜厚、防曇膜の成膜方法についても、第一の実施形態で述べたとおりである。
防曇膜つき物品(防曇性物品)の透明性及びクラックの有無を目視で観察し、下記の基準で評価した。
○:良好
△:僅かに白濁が認められる。
×:膜中にムラ、白濁、クラック等が認められ、実用上問題がある。
防曇性物品を、室温20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後、KLA Tencor社製の表面形状測定器α-Step500を用いて防曇膜の膜厚を測定した。
防曇性物品を、室温20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後、協和界面科学社製の接触角計(CA-A)を用いて約4μL(=4mg)の水滴を防曇膜の表面に滴下し、防曇膜の表面におけるその水滴の接触角を測定した。
防曇性物品を、室温20℃、相対湿度30%の環境下に1時間放置した。一方で、恒温水槽に水温を40℃に保持した温水を収容し、その温水の上方に防曇性物品を防曇膜が水蒸気に晒されるように配置し、防曇膜に曇りが認められるまでの時間を測定した。なお、防曇膜を設けていないガラス板(ソーダライムガラス板)では、10秒以下で曇りが確認された。曇りが形成されるまでの時間を下記の基準で評価した。
◎:85秒超で曇りが確認された。
○:60秒超85秒以下で曇りが確認された。
△:30秒超60秒以下で曇りが確認された。
×:30秒以下で曇りが確認された。
防曇性物品を、0℃の低温恒温層内に20分間放置した後、室温20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に取り出し、防曇膜の表面に現れた結露が消失するまで同環境下で放置した。このサイクルを10回繰り返した後、(4)と同様にして防曇性を評価した。
往復摩耗試験機(新東科学社製「HEIDON-18」)にネル布(300番)を取り付け、防曇性物品の防曇膜の表面上を0.25kg/cm2の荷重を加えながらネル布を1000回往復させた後、膜表面の外観を目視で観察し、下記の基準で評価した。
◎:外観に変化なし
○:不明瞭な極浅い傷がわずかに確認できる。
△:明瞭な傷が目視で確認できる。
×:防曇膜の剥離が観察される。
往復摩耗試験機(新東科学社製「HEIDON-18」)にネル布(300番)を取り付け、このネル布に2cm3の蒸留水を染み込ませた。防曇性物品の防曇膜の表面上を0.25kg/cm2の荷重を加えながらネル布を1000回往復させた後、膜表面の外観を目視で観察し、下記の基準で評価した。
○:外観に大きな変化が見られない。
△:白濁、又は試験部分の1/3未満において防曇膜が剥離している。
×:試験部分の1/3以上で防曇膜が剥離している。
TABER INDUSTRIES社製テーバー摩耗試験機「5130」を用いて、250g荷重、500回転の条件で摩耗試験を実施し、試験前後における曇価の変化量ΔHz(%)を測定した。曇価はヘーズメーター(スガ試験機社製「HZ-1S」)を用いて測定した。耐摩耗性を下記の基準で評価した。
(実施例及び比較例のシリーズAにおける基準)
○:ΔHzが7%以下であった。
×:ΔHzが7%超及び膜の剥離の少なくとも一方が生じた。
(実施例、比較例及び参照例のシリーズBにおける基準)
◎:ΔHzが6%以下であった。
○:ΔHzが6%超10%以下であった。
×:ΔHzが10%超及び膜の剥離の少なくとも一方が生じた。
(実施例A1)
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂含有溶液(積水化学工業社製「エスレックKX-5」、固形分8質量%、アセタール化度9モル%、ベンズアルデヒドに由来するアセタール構造を含む)62.5質量%、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS、信越化学工業社製「KBE-04」)1.04質量%、チタンラクテート(マツモトファインケミカル社製「オルガチックスTC-310」;Ti(OH)2[OCH(CH3)COOH]2を44質量%含み、2-プロパノールと水とを混合溶媒とする溶液)1.21質量%、アルコール溶媒(日本アルコール工業製「ソルミックスAP-7」)17.79質量%、精製水17.44質量%、酸触媒として硝酸0.01質量%、レベリング剤(信越化学工業社製「KP-341」)0.01質量%をガラス製容器に入れ、室温(25℃)で3時間撹拌することにより、防曇膜形成用塗工液を調製した。
シリカ微粒子分散液(日産化学工業社製「スノーテックスOS」、固形分20質量%、平均粒径(一次粒径)10nm)3.75質量%をさらに添加し、アルコール溶媒の添加量を17.04質量%、精製水の添加量を14.44質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
酸化ニオブ微粒子分散液(多木化学社製「バイラールNb-X10」、固形分10質量%)5.00質量%をさらに添加し、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.94質量%、精製水の添加量を13.29質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
酸化ジルコニウム微粒子分散液(多木化学社製「バイラールZr-C20」、固形分20質量%)2.50質量%をさらに添加し、アルコール溶媒の添加量を17.29質量%、精製水の添加量を15.44質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
酸化スズ微粒子分散液(日産化学工業社製「セルナックスCX-S301H」、固形分30質量%)0.17質量%をさらに添加し、アルコール溶媒の添加量を17.73質量%、精製水の添加量を17.33質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(GPTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-403」)0.14質量%をさらに添加し、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.90質量%、精製水の添加量を14.44質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A2と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂含有溶液の添加量を50.0質量%とし、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(GPTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-403」)0.35質量%とシリカ微粒子分散液7.50質量%とをさらに添加し、テトラエトキシシランの添加量を2.60質量%とし、チタンラクテートの添加量を1.20質量%とし、アルコール溶媒の添加量を20.01質量%とし、精製水の添加量を18.32質量%とし、硝酸0.01質量%に代えて酢酸0.01質量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂含有溶液の添加量を50.0質量%とし、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(GPTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-403」)0.35質量%と3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸無水物(信越化学工業社製「X-12-967C」)1.00質量%とシリカ微粒子分散液7.50質量%とをさらに添加し、テトラエトキシシランの添加量を2.60質量%とし、チタンラクテートの添加量を1.20質量%とし、アルコール溶媒の添加量を19.01質量%とし、精製水の添加量を18.32質量%とし、硝酸0.01質量%に代えて酢酸0.01質量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
テトラエトキシシランを未添加とし、チタンラクテートの添加量を3.62質量%、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.78質量%、精製水の添加量を17.08質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
チタンラクテートを未添加とし、アルコール溶媒の添加量を18.81質量%、精製水の添加量を17.63質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
チタンラクテートを未添加とし、テトラエトキシシランの添加量を3.47質量%、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.38質量%、精製水の添加量を17.63質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
テトラエトキシシランを未添加とし、チタンラクテートの添加量を2.41質量%、アルコール溶媒の添加量を17.05質量%、精製水の添加量を14.27質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A2と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
チタンラクテートを未添加とし、アルコール溶媒の添加量を18.06質量%、精製水の添加量を14.63質量%としたことを除いては、実施例A2と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂含有溶液(積水化学工業社製「エスレックKX-5」、固形分8質量%、アセタール化度9モル%、ベンズアルデヒドに由来するアセタール構造を含む)43.75質量%、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS、信越化学工業社製「KBE-04」)3.47質量%、シリカ微粒子分散液(日産化学工業社製「スノーテックスOS」、固形分20質量%、平均粒径(一次粒径)10μm)11.65質量%、アルコール溶媒(日本アルコール工業製「ソルミックスAP-7」)26.25質量%、精製水14.86質量%、酸触媒として硝酸0.01質量%、レベリング剤(信越化学工業社製「KP-341」)0.01質量%をガラス製容器に入れ、室温(25℃)で3時間撹拌することにより、防曇膜形成用塗工液を調製した。この塗工液を用い、実施例A1と同様にして防曇性物品を作製した。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂含有溶液(積水化学工業社製「エスレックKX-5」、固形分8質量%、アセタール化度9モル%、ベンズアルデヒドに由来するアセタール構造を含む)43.75質量%、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS、信越化学工業社製「KBE-04」)5.65質量%、シリカ微粒子分散液(日産化学工業社製「スノーテックスOS」、固形分20質量%、平均粒径(一次粒径)10μm)11.65質量%、アルコール溶媒(日本アルコール工業製「ソルミックスAP-7」)24.07質量%、精製水14.86質量%、酸触媒として硝酸0.01質量%、レベリング剤(信越化学工業社製「KP-341」)0.01質量%をガラス製容器に入れ、室温(25℃)で3時間撹拌することにより、防曇膜形成用塗工液を調製した。この塗工液を用い、実施例A1と同様にして防曇膜を形成した。その後、防曇膜の表面に、10質量%に希釈した界面活性剤(日本油脂社製「ラピゾールA-30」、1,4-ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)スルホコハク酸ナトリウム)含有水溶液を塗布し、120℃、10分間の加熱乾燥処理を実施し、防曇性物品を得た。
(実施例B1)
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂含有溶液(積水化学工業社製「エスレックKX-5」、固形分8質量%、アセタール化度9モル%、ベンズアルデヒドに由来するアセタール構造を含む)62.5質量%、メチルトリメトキシシラン(MTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-13」)1.02質量%、シリカ微粒子分散液(日産化学工業社製「スノーテックスOS」、分散媒を水として固形分20質量%、平均粒径(一次粒径)10nm)3.75質量%、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS、信越化学工業社製「KBE-04」)1.04質量%、チタンラクテート(マツモトファインケミカル社製「オルガチックスTC-310」、Ti(OH)2[OCH(CH3)COOH]2を44質量%含み、2-プロパノールと水とを混合溶媒とする溶液)1.21質量%、アルコール溶媒(日本アルコール工業製「ソルミックスAP-7」)16.02質量%、精製水14.44質量%、酸触媒として硝酸0.01質量%、レベリング剤(信越化学工業社製「KP-341」)0.01質量%をガラス製容器に入れ、室温(25℃)で3時間撹拌することにより、防曇膜形成用塗工液を調製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてジメチルジエトキシシラン(DMDES、信越化学工業社製「KBE-22」)0.2質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.84質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてn-ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン(HTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-3063」)0.15質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.89質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてn-デシルトリメトキシシラン(DTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-3103」)0.07質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.97質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてn-ドデシルトリメトキシシラン(DDTMS、東京化成工業社製「KBM-3103」)0.07質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.97質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてフルオロアルキルシラン(F8263、エボニック・デグサ・ジャパン社製「Dynasylan F8263」;炭素数30以下のフルオロアルキル基を含有)0.5質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.54質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
シリカ微粒子及びテトラエトキシシランを添加せず、アルコール溶媒の添加量を18.76質量%、精製水の添加量を17.44質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B4と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
塗工液をバーコーターにより塗工したことを除いては、実施例B4と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてメチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES、信越化学工業社製「KBE-13」)0.27質量%を用い、シリカ微粒子分散液を添加せず、テトラエトキシシランの添加量を0.69質量%とし、チタンラクテートを添加せず、アルコール溶媒の添加量を18.85質量%とし、精製水の添加量を17.63質量%とし、硝酸0.05質量%を用いたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてメチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES、信越化学工業社製「KBE-13」)0.27質量%を用い、シリカ微粒子分散液を添加せず、テトラエトキシシランの添加量を0.69質量%とし、チタンラクテートを添加せず、アルコール溶媒の添加量を20.88質量%とし、精製水の添加量を15.63質量%とし、表面調整剤「BYK-307」[ビックケミー・ジャパン(株)製]0.01質量%を添加したことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてn-ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン(HTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-3063」)0.37質量%を、硝酸0.01質量%に代えて塩酸0.01質量%をそれぞれ用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を20.44質量%とし、精製水の添加量を15.63質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
塗工液を塗布することなく、実施例B1で用いたフロート板ガラスをそのまま評価した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えてテトラエトキシシラン(TEOS、信越化学工業社製「KBE-04」)0.18質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.86質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
メチルトリメトキシシラン1.02質量%に代えて3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(GPTMS、信越化学工業社製「KBM-403」)0.07質量%を用い、アルコール溶媒の添加量を16.97質量%としたことを除いては、実施例B1と同様にして、塗工液を調製し、防曇性物品を作製した。
Claims (34)
- 透明物品と、前記透明物品上に形成された防曇膜と、を備え、
前記防曇膜が、吸水性樹脂、撥水基及び金属酸化物成分を含む単層膜であり、
前記撥水基が、水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基であり、
前記撥水基が前記金属酸化物成分を構成する金属原子に直接結合している、防曇膜つき透明物品。 - 前記撥水基が、(1)炭素数3~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基、及び(2)水素原子の少なくとも一部をフッ素原子により置換した炭素数1~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記鎖状又は環状のアルキル基が、鎖状アルキル基である、請求項2に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記鎖状アルキル基が、炭素数6~14の直鎖アルキル基である、請求項3に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜は、前記吸水性樹脂100質量部に対し、前記金属酸化物成分を0.1~60質量部の範囲で含む、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜の表面に4mgの水滴を滴下して測定した水の接触角が70度以上である、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記撥水基がメチル基又はエチル基であり、前記防曇膜の表面に4mgの水滴を滴下して測定した水の接触角が70度以上である、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜は、前記吸水性樹脂100質量部に対し、前記撥水基を0.05~10質量部の範囲で含む、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記吸水性樹脂がポリビニルアセタールである、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタールが、芳香族アルデヒドに由来するアセタール構造を含む、請求項9に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が、有機ホウ素化合物、有機チタン化合物及び有機ジルコニウム化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の架橋剤に由来する架橋構造を含む、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が、前記防曇膜を形成するための塗工液に添加されたチタンラクテートに由来する架橋構造を含む、請求項11に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記金属酸化物成分の少なくとも一部が金属酸化物微粒子である、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記金属酸化物成分の少なくとも一部が、前記防曇膜を形成するための塗工液に添加された、加水分解性金属化合物又は加水分解性金属化合物の加水分解物に由来する金属酸化物成分である、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
ただし、前記加水分解性金属化合物は、a)前記撥水基を有する加水分解性金属化合物及びb)前記撥水基を有しない加水分解性金属化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。 - 前記金属酸化物成分が、前記防曇膜を形成するための塗工液に添加された金属酸化物微粒子に由来する金属酸化物成分と、前記塗工液に添加された、加水分解性金属化合物又は加水分解性金属化合物の加水分解物に由来する金属酸化物成分とを含む、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
ただし、前記加水分解性金属化合物は、a)前記撥水基を有する加水分解性金属化合物及びb)前記撥水基を有しない加水分解性金属化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。 - b)前記撥水基を有しない加水分解性金属化合物が、テトラアルコキシシラン及びシランカップリング剤から選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、請求項14に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記金属酸化物成分がシリカ成分であり、前記防曇膜がシリコン以外の金属原子をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 透明物品と、前記透明物品上に形成された防曇膜と、を備え、
前記防曇膜が、ポリビニルアセタール、シリカ成分、及びシリコン以外の金属原子を含み、
前記シリカ成分が、前記防曇膜を形成するための塗工液に添加された、加水分解性シリコン化合物又は加水分解性シリコン化合物の加水分解物に由来し、
前記シリコン以外の金属原子が、前記塗工液に添加された、有機金属化合物に由来する、防曇膜つき透明物品。 - 前記防曇膜が、前記シリコン以外の金属原子を含む架橋構造を含む、請求項18に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタールが、芳香族アルデヒドに由来するアセタール構造を含む、請求項18に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記シリコン以外の金属原子が、ホウ素、チタン及びジルコニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つである、請求項18に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記シリコン以外の金属原子が、前記塗工液に添加されたチタンラクテートに由来する、請求項21に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記加水分解性シリコン化合物が、下記式(III)に示す化合物を含む、請求項18に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
SiY4 (III)
ここで、Yは、アルコキシル基、アセトキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アミノ基及びハロゲン原子から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。 - 前記加水分解性シリコン化合物が、下記式(IV)に示す化合物をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
LmSiY4-m (IV)
ここで、Yは、アルコキシル基、アセトキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アミノ基及びハロゲン原子から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、Lは、水素原子の少なくとも一部が置換されていてもよい鎖状又は環状の炭化水素基であり、mは1~3の整数である。 - 前記Lが、水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~30の鎖状又は環状のアルキル基である、請求項24に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記式(III)に示す化合物に含まれるシリコン原子の数NSi(III)と前記式(IV)に示す化合物に含まれるシリコン原子の数NSi(IV)との合計NSi(T)に対する、前記式(IV)に示す化合物に含まれるシリコン原子の数NSi(IV)の比NSi(IV)/NSi(T)が、0.01~0.4の範囲内にある、請求項24に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が金属酸化物微粒子をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記金属酸化物微粒子がシリカ微粒子である、請求項27に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記金属酸化物微粒子の平均粒径が1~20nmである、請求項27に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が、前記ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対し、
前記シリカ成分0.01~60質量部、
前記シリコン以外の金属原子0.01~50質量部、
を含む、請求項18に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。 - 前記防曇膜が、前記ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対し、前記シリカ成分1~15質量部を含む、請求項30に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が、前記ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対し、前記シリコン以外の金属原子0.1~10質量部を含む、請求項30に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が、前記ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対し、金属酸化物微粒子0~50質量部を含む、請求項30に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
- 前記防曇膜が、前記ポリビニルアセタール100質量部に対し、前記金属酸化物微粒子1~30質量部を含む、請求項33に記載の防曇膜つき透明物品。
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JPWO2015186360A1 (ja) | 2017-06-08 |
EP3156227B1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
US10011733B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
CL2016003085A1 (es) | 2017-09-08 |
EP3156227A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
US20170096574A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
JP2020044841A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
JP6823141B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
EP3156227A4 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
BR112016028207B1 (pt) | 2021-07-06 |
BR122020004549B1 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
BR112016028207A2 (pt) | 2017-08-22 |
JP6633519B2 (ja) | 2020-01-22 |
BR122018010566B1 (pt) | 2021-02-02 |
US20180273791A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US10400130B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
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