WO2014024731A1 - 連系系統切替装置及び電力制御システム - Google Patents
連系系統切替装置及び電力制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
- H02J3/0012—Contingency detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to an interconnection system switching device and an electric power control system connected to an interconnection system distributed power source.
- Distributed power supply is connected to a power system via a power control device such as a power conditioner including an inverter function, and supplies power to a power consumption unit such as a load together with the power system. At this time, the power of the distributed power source is converted into a power form suitable for being linked to the power system by the power control device.
- a power control device such as a power conditioner including an inverter function
- the power system supplies the insufficient active power.
- the power supply possible amount of the distributed power source is equal to the required power amount of the power consumption unit, the power system does not supply active power.
- the power control device When the power supply capacity of the distributed power source is larger than the required power amount of the power consuming unit and power flow (reverse power flow) to the power system is permitted, the power control device To the power grid.
- the power control device narrows down the output power of the power control device by controlling and narrowing down the power input from the distributed power source so that no surplus power is generated. In this case, the power system does not supply power to the power consumption unit, and a state in which no reverse power flow occurs is maintained.
- the power control apparatus includes an abnormality detection unit that detects a system abnormality such as a power failure, a voltage change, and a frequency change occurring in the power system.
- a system abnormality such as a power failure, a voltage change, and a frequency change occurring in the power system.
- the power control apparatus reduces the burden on the power system by narrowing down or stopping the output power input from the distributed power source, and protects the power system.
- the abnormality detection unit detects such an isolated operation and immediately stops the output of the power control device.
- the power control device narrows down or stops the input voltage from the distributed power source according to the abnormality detection, the power supply amount to the power consumption unit may be insufficient with respect to the required power amount. At this time, the power consumption unit tries to receive supply of insufficient power from the power system.
- Embodiments of the present invention have been proposed in order to solve the above-described problems, and the purpose thereof is to supply power from a power generation unit when an abnormality occurs in a power system connected to the power generation unit. It is to provide an interconnection system technology that contributes to the stabilization of the power system by cutting off the unstable power system without restricting or stopping the system.
- an interconnection system switching apparatus connected to a power control apparatus connected to a power generation unit and an electric power system and linked to a reference waveform generated based on information input from the electric power system
- An abnormality detection unit that detects an abnormality of the power system
- information that is a generation source of the reference waveform is information different from information from the power system Switching part to switch to
- the block diagram which shows the interconnection system switching apparatus of 1st Embodiment The block diagram which shows the example by which 1st Embodiment was comprised by the power control apparatus.
- the schematic diagram which shows the time of abnormality detection of the electric power system of 1st Embodiment Schematic diagram showing when switching to the auxiliary system of the first embodiment The schematic diagram which shows the time of abnormality detection of the auxiliary
- the block diagram which shows the interconnection system switching apparatus of 3rd Embodiment The schematic diagram which shows the time of abnormality detection of the electric power system of 3rd Embodiment Schematic diagram showing when switching to the auxiliary system of the third embodiment
- strain of 3rd Embodiment Schematic diagram showing when switching to the auxiliary system of the third embodiment The block diagram which shows the interconnection system switching apparatus of 4th Embodiment
- a power control system including a power system 1, an auxiliary system 2, a power generation unit 3, a power consumption unit 4 and a power control device 50 and a connected system switching device 60 is connected via a power supply path.
- a power control system including a power system 1, an auxiliary system 2, a power generation unit 3, a power consumption unit 4 and a power control device 50 and a connected system switching device 60 is connected via a power supply path.
- the electric power system 1 is a system that transforms the electric power generated in the power plant and transmits it.
- a general commercial power system can be applied.
- the auxiliary system 2 is a power system (second power system) independent of the power system 1.
- the auxiliary system 2 includes a power system, a power storage system, and a power generation system that are different from the power system 1.
- the power source used for the auxiliary system 2 includes various power generation devices and storage batteries.
- auxiliary system 2 a backup power system that is generally provided can be applied to a large-scale facility such as a building or a factory or a data center that requires power supply reliability.
- an AC power generator such as a diesel generator, or a DC power generator or a storage battery connected via a power converter such as an inverter can be applied to the auxiliary system 2.
- the power generation unit 3 is a distributed power source that can be connected to the power system 1.
- the power generation unit 3 includes a device that converts renewable energy such as sunlight, wind power, and tidal power into electric power.
- a fuel cell and a private generator are also included in the power generation unit 3.
- the power consumption unit 4 is a device that consumes power supplied from the power system 1 and the power generation unit 3 or the auxiliary system 2 and the power generation unit 3 via the power supply path.
- the power consumption unit 4 includes a general power load. For example, electrical devices such as lighting and air conditioners are included in the power consumption unit 4.
- the power control device 50 is a processing unit connected to the power generation unit 3 and connected to the power system 1 by boosting the DC voltage output from the power generation unit 3 and converting the DC power to AC power.
- the power control device 50 has a power system protection function such as a DC-DC converter function for direct current transformation, an inverter function for conversion to alternating current, a function equivalent to an overvoltage relay or a function equivalent to an underfrequency relay.
- the power control device 50 converts the frequency and voltage of AC power output from the power generation unit 3 and may be linked to the power system 1.
- the power control device 50 has a detection unit that detects a system abnormality in order to realize the power system protection function.
- the detection unit is a processing unit that detects an abnormality in the power system 1 based on the voltage, current, frequency change, and the like of the power system 1. As described later, there are various methods for detecting an abnormality.
- the interconnection system switching device 60 of the present embodiment is connected to a power feeding path to the power consumption unit 4 between the power system 1 and the auxiliary system 2 and the power control device 50.
- the connection system switching device 60 may be configured as a switchboard or may be configured as the power control device 50.
- the interconnection system switching device 60 includes an abnormality detection unit 62 and a connection switching unit 63 (switching unit).
- the abnormality detection unit 62 is a processing unit that detects the presence or absence of an abnormality in the power system 1 based on the voltage, current, frequency change, and the like of the power system 1. Various methods can be applied to the method of detecting an abnormality by the abnormality detecting unit 62, as will be described later.
- the interconnection system switching device 60 is connected to an external system such as a higher-level power management system via a network (not shown), and based on information and commands from the external system, the power system 1 or auxiliary It may be regarded as an abnormality detection of the system 2. For this, for example, not only the abnormalities that have been manifested as described above, but also information that may cause abnormalities such as the approach of thunderclouds to the wiring of the electric power system 1 is obtained and detected as abnormalities. Can be considered.
- the threshold value of the detection unit of the power control device 50 is set.
- the threshold value of the abnormality detection unit 62 may be set to a low value, or the detection time period of the abnormality detection unit 62 may be made shorter than the detection time period of the detection unit of the power control device 50.
- the abnormality detection unit 62 can determine that an abnormality has occurred at a lower level than the abnormality detection by the normal power control device 50.
- connection switching unit 63 is connected to the power supply path from the power system 1 and the auxiliary system 2, and when the abnormality detection unit 62 detects an abnormality, a power supply source to the power consumption unit 4 is supplied from the power system 1 to the auxiliary system. 2 is a processing unit for switching to 2. Further, the connection switching unit 63 can also perform return by switching from the auxiliary system 2 to the power system 1. A circuit breaker can be applied as the connection switching unit 63.
- the power control device 50 is linked to the power system 1 using a reference waveform generated based on information input from the power system 1.
- This reference waveform is a waveform serving as a reference of the PWM pulse for driving the inverter circuit.
- Information that is a source of the reference waveform (for generating the reference waveform) widely includes a signal for generating a waveform that reflects the phase of the power system. For this reason, the waveform signal of the voltage detected from the electric power system 1 or the auxiliary
- assistant system 2 can be grasped
- a reference waveform can be created based on this. Therefore, such information is also included in the information that is the generation source of the reference waveform.
- connection switching unit 63 when the electrical connection to the interconnected power system 1 or auxiliary system 2 is switched by the connection switching unit 63, the reading destination of the information serving as the reference waveform generation source is switched. 63 also functions as a reading destination switching unit.
- the power control device 50 is provided between the power generation unit 3, the power system 1, and the auxiliary system 2.
- a connection switching unit 63 is provided between the power control device 50 and the power system 1 and the auxiliary system 2.
- a connection switch 3a is provided on the downstream side of the connection switching unit 63 with respect to the power system 1, and the power control device can be electrically disconnected from the power system.
- the power consuming unit 4 is generally connected between the connection switching unit 63 and the connection switch 3a.
- the power control device 50 includes an inverter circuit 5 for converting the direct current power generated by the power generation unit 3 into alternating current power and sending the alternating current power to the power system 1. A description of the DC-DC converter for direct current transformation is omitted.
- a pulse generator 7 is connected to the inverter circuit 5.
- the pulse generator 7 drives the inverter circuit 5 by generating a PWM pulse in consideration of the current value detected by the current detector 8 based on the reference waveform.
- the reference waveform is generated by the reference waveform generation unit 10.
- the reference waveform generation unit 10 includes a waveform generation unit 10A and an output unit 10B.
- the reference waveform generation unit 10 of the present embodiment includes an active isolated operation detection unit 19 described later, this is not essential.
- the waveform generation unit 10A is a processing unit that generates a waveform based on information that is the basis of a reference waveform.
- the waveform generated here is a waveform having the same phase as the reference waveform, and can also be called a synchronization signal.
- the waveform generation unit 10A includes a voltage detection unit 10a, a phase analysis unit 10b, and a power factor control unit 10c.
- the voltage detection unit 10a is a processing unit that detects a waveform of the system voltage.
- the phase analysis unit 10b is a processing unit that analyzes the phase from the waveform of the system voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 10a.
- the power factor control unit 10c is a processing unit that controls the power factor in relation to the phase of the current.
- the waveform of the system voltage of the power system 1 or the auxiliary system 2 is used.
- a signal generated by simulating the waveform (synchronization signal) generated by the waveform generation unit 10A may be used. Further, it may be a signal generated by simulating the waveform of the system voltage.
- the output unit 10B is a processing unit that biases and outputs the waveform (synchronization signal) generated by the waveform generation unit 10A.
- the power control device 50 includes an active isolated operation detection unit 19 and a passive isolated operation detection unit 20 as functions for detecting an isolated operation.
- the passive isolated operation detection unit 20 is directly connected to the voltage detection unit 10a, and the active isolated operation detection unit 19 is interposed between the waveform generation unit 10A and the output unit 10B as described above.
- a switching control unit 21 is connected to the active isolated operation detection unit 19 and the passive isolated operation detection unit 20.
- the switching control unit 21 controls switching of the gate block of the pulse generator 7, the connection switching unit 63, and the changeover switch 16.
- the functions of the changeover switch 16, the current control unit 15, and the voltage control unit 13 will be described in a fourth embodiment.
- the active isolated operation detection unit 19 and the passive isolated operation detection unit 20 detect the isolated operation of the power generation unit 3.
- Independent operation means that when the power system 1 connected to the power generation unit 3 is disconnected from the system power source due to an accident or the like, the power generation unit 3 continues to operate independently and supplies power to the system load.
- the isolated operation refers to a state where the power generation unit 3 is not stopped while the power generation unit 3 and the load are balanced while the power system 1 is stopping the power supply.
- the active isolated operation detection method is a method of detecting the fluctuation by giving the reference waveform a characteristic that gives a specific fluctuation to the output when the isolated operation occurs.
- the active isolated operation detection unit 19 changes the reference waveform generation unit 10 to change the phase of the output current with respect to the system voltage according to the frequency of the system voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 10a and the rate of change thereof. Control. By this control, the active isolated operation detection unit 19 changes the reactive power output from the power control device 50, promotes the change in frequency, and determines whether the frequency change rate is excessive or not. Judge by comparison.
- the passive islanding detection method is a method for detecting a change in voltage detected from the system. More specifically, the passive isolated operation detection unit 20 monitors the waveform of the output voltage of the inverter circuit 5 detected by the voltage detection unit 10a, and the voltage, frequency, phase of the voltage waveform, etc. deviate from the normal range. It is determined by comparison with a predetermined threshold value.
- connection switching unit 63 is in a connection state with the power system 1.
- the electric power control apparatus 50 makes the electric power generation part 3 connect with the electric power grid
- the power consumption unit 4 is supplied with necessary power from the power system 1 together with the power generation unit 3.
- the power consumption unit 4 when the power of the power generation unit 3 is surplus, the output is reduced by the power control device 50 or the surplus power is caused to flow backward to the power system 1.
- the abnormality detection unit 62 detects an abnormality in the power system 1. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, based on the signal S ⁇ b> 1 from the abnormality detection unit 62, the connection switching unit 63 sends the power supply source (information generation source that generates the reference waveform) to the auxiliary system 2. Switch.
- the active isolated operation detection unit 19 or the passive isolated operation detection unit 20 detects the isolated operation based on the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 10a. Then, since the switching control unit 21 outputs a switching signal to the connection switching unit 63, the connection switching unit 63 performs switching.
- the power control device 50 causes the power generation unit 3 to be connected to the auxiliary system 2 based on the reference waveform generated based on the waveform of the system voltage input from the auxiliary system 2. It is possible to continue power supply to the power consumption unit 4 through interconnection.
- the abnormality detection unit 62 Since the abnormality detection unit 62 detects an abnormality on the system power side of the connection switching unit 63, the abnormality detection unit 62 can detect an abnormality on the auxiliary system 2 side after switching, as shown in FIG.
- connection switching unit 63 can switch from the auxiliary system 2 to the power system 1 again by the signal S1 from the abnormality detection unit 62 that detects the abnormality. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, such switching is performed only when the abnormality detection unit 62 can determine that the power system 1 has returned to normal based on the information D1 from the host system. Can be considered.
- the power control device 50 does not need to suppress or stop the power supply, it does not waste low-carbon energy.
- the power generation unit 3 and the power consumption unit 4 are disconnected from the power system 1 that has become more unstable. This prevents a vicious circle to a system that could cause a large-scale system disruption.
- the abnormality detection threshold value by the abnormality detection unit 62 is set lower than the abnormality detection threshold value of the power control device 50, switching can be performed before normal abnormality. That is, it is possible to prevent this in the case where there is a high probability that the system will be adversely affected.
- connection switching unit 63 switches to the auxiliary system 2 as described above.
- the detection unit 62a detects that the abnormality of the power system 1 has been resolved. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the connection switching unit 63 returns the connection to the power system 1 side by the signal S1 from the detection unit 62a.
- connection switching unit 63 can switch the power supply source to the power consumption unit 4 from the power system 1 to one of the auxiliary systems 2a and 2b.
- detection units 62 a and 62 b are provided in the power supply path of the connection switching unit 63 on the power system 1 and auxiliary systems 2 a and 2 b sides.
- 62c are provided to monitor the states of the power system 1 and the auxiliary systems 2a and 2b, respectively.
- this embodiment has the setting part 68 which set the priority of auxiliary system 2a, 2b which the connection switching part 63 switches, as shown in FIG.
- This priority order may be a predetermined static one or a dynamic one that changes according to the state.
- an arbitrary priority order may be set according to the scale of the system, the power that can be supplied, the type such as the commercial system or the power generation device or the storage battery, the historical statistical stability, and the like.
- the most stable system that is immediately or sequentially estimated from voltage or frequency stability may be prioritized.
- a system that gives the lowest power cost determined statically or dynamically may be prioritized.
- connection switching unit 63 further performs switching. This switching also follows the priority set in the setting unit 68. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, switching to the auxiliary system 2a is performed. As described above, the power control device 50 continues the power supply to the power consumption unit 4 by connecting the power generation unit 3 to the auxiliary system 2a.
- the priority order is dynamically set, as shown in FIG. 14, the system of which the abnormality detection unit 62 has determined to be most stable based on the voltage, frequency, current, etc. of each system or an external command is used.
- the setting unit 68 sets the priority order higher. Thereby, the connection switching unit 63 can switch to the most stable system.
- auxiliary systems 2a and 2b a system of a different type that is affected by external factors.
- the number of auxiliary systems is not limited to two. By setting the number to three or more, the possibility of securing a more stable system can be increased.
- a virtual system 80 is connected to the interconnection system switching device 60 of the present embodiment.
- the virtual system 80 is a processing unit that outputs virtual information that simulates information output from the power system 1 or information for generating a reference waveform based on the information. That is, the virtual system 80 generates and outputs information as a reference waveform generation source in a simulated manner.
- the virtual system 80 accumulates information from the power system 1 in a normal state in which no abnormality has occurred in a storage unit such as a buffer, and the virtual synchronization generated based on the accumulated information after the abnormality has occurred.
- a signal can be output.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 switches the generation source of information input to the power control device 50 from the power system 1 to the virtual system 80. Is provided.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 switches the reading destination of the information that is the generation source of the reference waveform.
- a disconnecting unit 70 is provided in the power supply path between the power control device 50 and the power system 1.
- the disconnecting unit 70 is a circuit breaker that disconnects the power system 1 when the abnormality detecting unit 62 detects an abnormality.
- the disconnecting unit 70 corresponds to the connection switching unit 63 of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is basically the same as the power control device 50 shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 is connected in parallel with the phase analysis unit 10b, the power factor control unit 10c, and the active isolated operation detection unit 19 between the voltage detection unit 10a and the output unit 10B. ing.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 is a processing unit that virtually generates information serving as a reference waveform generation source.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 stores a waveform signal of the voltage of the power system 1 at the normal time, and generates a virtual waveform (synchronization signal) based on the waveform signal.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 generates a simulated waveform (synchronization signal) generated by the waveform generation unit 10A during normal operation.
- This virtual information generation unit 22 corresponds to the virtual system 80.
- a reading destination switching unit 69 is provided between the virtual information generation unit 22, the active isolated operation detection unit 19, and the output unit 10B.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 has a function of switching the reading destination of information serving as a reference waveform generation source.
- a changeover switch 16 is provided between the pulse generator 7 and the voltage control unit 13 and the current control unit 15. In response to the switching signal from the switching control unit 21, the reading destination switching unit 69 connects the reference waveform generation unit 10 to the virtual independent information generation unit 22 from the active isolated operation detection unit 19, and the changeover switch 16 includes a pulse generator. 7 is switched from the current control unit 15 to the voltage control unit 13.
- a disconnecting unit 70 is provided between the power control device 50 and the power system 1.
- the disconnecting unit 70 disconnects the electric power system 1 by a switching signal from the switching control unit 21.
- the disconnecting unit 70 is in a connected state with the power system 1, and the power consuming unit 4 is supplied with necessary power from the power generating unit 3.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 is connected to the power system 1 side (active single operation detection unit 19 side) as a generation source of information that is a generation source of the reference waveform, and the pulse generator 7 is connected to the current control unit. 15 receives a command from 15 and generates a pulse signal.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 sets the information generation source serving as the generation source of the reference waveform as the power source. Switching from the system 1 to the virtual system 80, the changeover switch 16 switches the connection to the pulse generator 7 from the current control unit 15 to the voltage control unit 13. Further, the disconnecting unit 70 disconnects the power system 1.
- the output unit 10B biases the synchronization signal generated and output by the virtual information generation unit 22 and outputs it as a reference waveform.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 generates a synchronization signal that can be generated based on the information from the auxiliary system 2 in the first embodiment. It can be regarded as being connected to the virtual system 80. Therefore, the power control device 50 can continue to supply power from the power generation unit 3 as in the interconnected state.
- the power control device 50 switches the changeover switch 16 to the voltage control unit 13 side to perform voltage control.
- the power control device 50 supplies power by the power generation unit 3 using a reference waveform based on a virtual synchronization signal that simulates a synchronization signal that can be generated from the power system 1 before the occurrence of an abnormality. Can be continued. For this reason, the power supply to the power consumption unit 4 is not interrupted. Further, since the power generation unit 3 and the power consumption unit 4 are separated from the unstable power system 1 by the disconnecting unit 70, the same as in the above embodiment, without providing additional equipment such as an auxiliary system. An effect is obtained.
- the power supplied to the power consumption unit 4 is limited to the power output from the power generation unit 3.
- the power supply to the power consuming unit 4 can be continued only by the power control device 50, it is not necessary to prepare a system for actually supplying power in advance. For this reason, the effect similar to 1st Embodiment can be acquired only with a small-sized electric power installation, and cost and installation space can be saved.
- This embodiment is not limited to the above aspects. (1) After switching from the power system to the auxiliary system, it is not always necessary to return to the power system. In the auxiliary system, when a sufficient amount of power can be secured, the supply by the auxiliary system may be continued. Even when returning to the power system, the timing may be a time zone in which the power consumption by the power consumption unit is small.
- the auxiliary system does not have to be inferior in terms of the amount of power supply and stability than the power system. Even when power equal to or greater than that of the power system can be stably supplied, it can be used as an auxiliary system.
- the present embodiment can also be applied to a system without a power consumption unit.
- the present invention can be applied even when all the power supplied from the power generation unit is reversely flowed. In this case, the reverse power flow can be continued by switching the interconnection with the power system to the auxiliary system.
- the information that is the generation source of the reference waveform is not limited to the aspect exemplified in the above embodiment.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 in the fourth embodiment outputs a voltage waveform signal simulating this to the phase analysis unit 10b. May be.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 is connected to a position where the output source of the voltage waveform input to the phase analysis unit 10b is switched from the voltage detection unit 10a to the virtual information generation unit 22.
- the virtual information generation unit 22 may output information after analysis by the phase analysis unit 10b to the power factor control unit 10c.
- the reading destination switching unit 69 is connected to a position where the output source of the voltage waveform input to the power factor control unit 10c is switched from the phase analysis unit 10b to the virtual information generation unit 22.
- the reference waveform can be generated if there is the maximum value (or the minimum value) of the voltage and the time information of the zero point or the time information of the point biased from zero to positive (or negative).
- the interconnection system switching device can be configured as a switchboard or the like and separately from the PCS. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 16 described above, a system in which the power control device and the interconnection system switching device are integrated with the PCS can be provided. All or a part of each part constituting such a power control device and the interconnection system switching device can be realized by controlling the computer with a predetermined program. The program in this case realizes the processing of each unit as described above by physically utilizing computer hardware.
- a method, a program, and a recording medium storing the program for executing the processing of each unit described above are also one aspect of the embodiment. Moreover, how to set the range processed by hardware and the range processed by software including a program is not limited to a specific mode. It is also possible to configure any one of the above-described units as a circuit that realizes each process.
- the abnormality detection method by the abnormality detection unit or the determination unit can be applied to all methods available at present or in the future. For example, there are a frequency shift method, a slip mode frequency shift method, an active power fluctuation method, a reactive power fluctuation method, a load fluctuation method, and the like as detection methods of the active isolated operation detection unit. As a detection method of the passive islanding detection unit, there are voltage phase jump detection, third-order harmonic distortion rapid increase detection, frequency change rate detection, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 前記電力系統の異常を検出する異常検出部
(2) 前記異常検出部が異常を検出した場合、前記基準波形の生成元となる情報を、前記電力系統からの情報とは別の情報に切り替える切替部
[構成]
[分散型電源システム]
本実施形態が適用される分散型電源システムの構成を、図1を参照して説明する。本システムは、給電路を介して電力系統1、補助系統2、発電部3、電力消費部4が接続されるとともに、電力制御装置50と連系系統切替装置60とを備えた電力制御システムを有している。
本実施形態の連系系統切替装置60は、電力系統1及び補助系統2と、電力制御装置50との間の電力消費部4への給電路に接続されている。この連系系統切替装置60は、配電盤に構成されている場合や、電力制御装置50に構成されている場合などが考えられる。
上記の連系系統切替装置60を、電力制御装置50の機能の一つとして構成した電力制御システムの一例を、図2を参照して説明する。なお、この例では、連系系統切替装置60の異常検出部62は、電力制御装置50の検出部と共通となる。
以上のような本実施形態の作用を、図3~8を参照して説明する。まず、通常時は、図3に示すように、接続切替部63は、電力系統1との接続状態にある。そして、電力制御装置50は、電力系統1からの入力される情報(系統電圧の波形)に基づいて生成される基準波形により、発電部3を電力系統1に連系させている。
以上のような本実施形態によれば、異常の発生前に電力系統1が行なっていた連系を、補助系統2が継続して行うため、電力制御装置50は出力を停止することなく運転を継続できる。また、電力消費部4への電力供給が寸断されることはない。
[構成]
本実施形態は、基本的には、上記の第1の実施形態と同様の構成である。ただし、本実施形態においては、図7に示すように、異常検出部62として、接続切替部63の電力系統1及び補助系統2側の給電路に夫々、検出部62a、62bが設けられている。
以上のような本実施形態の作用を、図7及び図8を参照して説明する。まず、電力系統1の異常が発生した場合、上記と同様に、接続切替部63が、補助系統2へ切り替える。
以上のような本実施形態によれば、補助系統2は、電力系統1より容量が少ないなどの理由で、あくまで補助的な位置付けとしたい場合、電力系統1の異常が解消したら、接続切替部63を電力系統1側へ自動的に再接続する。このため、可能な限り、電力系統1からの電力供給を受けることができる。また、より安定な電力系統1を優先的に利用したい場合などに、連系する電力系統1を選択的に決定することができる。
[構成]
本実施形態は、基本的には、上記の第1の実施形態と同様の構成である。ただし、本実施形態においては、図9に示すように、接続切替部63に、複数の補助系統2a、2bが接続されている。接続切替部63は、電力消費部4への電力の供給源を、電力系統1から、補助系統2a、2bのいずれかに切り替えることができる。
以上のような本実施形態の作用を、図10~図14を参照して説明する。まず、図10に示すように、電力系統1の異常が発生した場合には、接続切替部63による切り替えが行われる。この切り替えは、設定部68に設定された優先順位に従う。たとえば、図11に示すように、補助系統2bへ切り替える。
以上のような本実施形態によれば、複数の補助系統2a、2bへの接続を可能とすることで、システムに冗長性を持たせ、電力供給を継続できる可能性を高めることができる。また、より安定している可能性が高い若しくは実際に安定している系統に切り替えることができるので、発電部3を、より安定して継続運転させることができる。
[構成]
本実施形態の構成を、図15、図16を参照して説明する。本実施形態の連系系統切替装置60には、図15に示すように、仮想系統80が接続されている。この仮想系統80は、電力系統1が出力している情報若しくはこの情報に基づいて基準波形を生成するための情報を模擬した仮想的な情報を出力する処理部である。つまり、仮想系統80は、基準波形の生成元となる情報を模擬的に生成して出力する。
以上のような本実施形態の作用は、以下の通りである。まず、通常時は、解列部70は、電力系統1との接続状態にあり、電力消費部4は、発電部3から、必要な電力の供給を受けている。また、発電部3で発電され、電力消費部4で消費されない余剰電力があった場合、余剰電力は電力系統1へ逆潮流されている。このとき、読先切替部69は、基準波形の生成元となる情報の発生源としての電力系統1側(能動式単独運転検出部19側)に接続され、パルス発生器7は、電流制御部15より指令を受けパルス信号を発生している。
以上のような本実施形態によれば、異常の発生前に電力系統1から生成できる同期信号を模擬した仮想の同期信号に基づく基準波形を用いて、電力制御装置50が発電部3による電力供給を継続して行うことができる。このため、電力消費部4への電力供給が寸断されることはない。また、不安定になった電力系統1からは、解列部70によって、発電部3及び電力消費部4が切り離されるため、補助系統などの追加設備を設けることなく、上記の実施形態と同様の効果が得られる。
本実施形態は、上記のような態様には限定されない。
(1)電力系統から補助系統に切り替えた後は、必ずしも電力系統に戻す必要はない。補助系統において、十分な電力量を確保できる場合には、補助系統による供給を継続させてもよい。電力系統に戻す場合にも、そのタイミングを、電力消費部による消費電力量が少ない時間帯としてもよい。
2、2a、2b…補助系統
3…発電部
3a…接続スイッチ
4…電力消費部
5…インバータ回路
6…高調波フィルタ回路
7…パルス発生器
8…電流検出部
10…基準波形生成部
10A…波形生成部
10B…出力部
10a…電圧検出部
10b…位相解析部
10c…力率制御部
13…電圧制御部
16…切替スイッチ
19…能動式単独運転検出部
20…受動式単独運転検出部
21…切替制御部
22…仮想情報生成部
50…電力制御装置
60…連系系統切替装置
62…異常検出部
62a、62b、62c…検出部
63…接続切替部
68…設定部
69…読先切替部
70…解列部
80…仮想系統
Claims (10)
- 発電部と電力系統に接続され、前記電力系統から入力される情報に基づいて生成される基準波形により連系する電力制御装置に接続され、
前記電力系統の異常を検出する異常検出部と、
前記異常検出部が異常を検出した場合、前記基準波形の生成元となる情報を、前記電力系統からの情報とは別の情報に切り替える切替部と、
を有することを特徴とする連系系統切替装置。 - 前記電力系統からの情報とは別の情報は、前記電力系統とは異なる第2の電力系統から入力される情報であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の連系系統切替装置。
- 前記第2の電力系統は、複数であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の連系系統切替装置。
- 前記切替部が、複数の前記第2の電力系統からの情報のいずれかに切り替える優先順位が設定された設定部を有することを特徴とする請求項3記載の連系系統切替装置。
- 前記異常検出部が、前記電力系統の異常が解消したと判定した場合に、前記切替部が、前記基準波形の生成元となる情報を、前記電力系統からの情報に戻すことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の連系系統切替装置。
- 前記電力系統からの情報とは別の情報は、前記異常検出部による異常が検出されていない状態での前記基準波形の生成元となる情報を、仮想の電力系統が模擬した情報であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の連系系統切替装置。
- 前記異常検出部が、前記基準波形の生成元となる情報に基づいて、前記電力系統の異常を検出するためのしきい値が設定され、
前記しきい値は、前記電力制御装置が電力の供給を停止するためのしきい値よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の連系系統切替装置。 - 発電部を、基準波形に基づいて電力系統に連系させる電力制御装置と、
前記電力系統の異常を検出する異常検出部と、
前記異常検出部が異常を検出した場合、前記基準波形の生成元となる情報を、前記電力系統からの情報とは別の情報に切り替える切替部と、
を有することを特徴とする電力制御システム。 - 前記発電部が、分散電源であり、前記電力制御装置に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項8記載の電力制御システム。
- 前記切替部は、安定性又は電力コストに基づいて、前記電力系統及び前記第2の電力系統からの情報のいずれかに切り替えることを特徴とする請求項2記載の連系系統切替装置。
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US14/419,749 US20150222113A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-07-30 | Interconnected system switching device and power control system |
IN1716DEN2015 IN2015DN01716A (ja) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-07-30 | |
EP13828412.0A EP2882062A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-07-30 | Linkage system switching device and power control system |
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WO2018139004A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-24 | 2018-08-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵システムおよび変動電力安定利用システム |
JP2021078193A (ja) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電力系統の系統切替検出装置、太陽光発電出力推定装置及び方法 |
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CN104883054A (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 株式会社东芝 | Dc/dc变换器、数据存储装置及其控制方法 |
CN107026501B (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2019-11-01 | 同济大学 | 一种故障预知并切换的供电系统及其控制方法 |
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