WO2013128521A1 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013128521A1 WO2013128521A1 PCT/JP2012/007474 JP2012007474W WO2013128521A1 WO 2013128521 A1 WO2013128521 A1 WO 2013128521A1 JP 2012007474 W JP2012007474 W JP 2012007474W WO 2013128521 A1 WO2013128521 A1 WO 2013128521A1
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- secondary battery
- resin
- active material
- negative electrode
- electrode active
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries are small and have a large capacity, so they are used in a wide range of fields such as mobile phones and notebook computers. In recent years, it has been studied to be used as a vehicle drive source.
- the secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode is, for example, a positive electrode active composed of a metal composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal such as a lithium / manganese composite oxide, a lithium / cobalt composite oxide, or a lithium / nickel composite oxide.
- the negative electrode is formed by covering a current collector with a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions.
- a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions carbon materials such as graphite and graphite, silicon-based materials such as silicon and silicon oxide, and the like are used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrolytic solution for a lithium ion secondary battery to which a hydroxy acid derivative compound is added.
- the cyclic carbonate is described as an organic solvent which can be used.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- DFEC difluoroethylene carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- VEC vinyl ethylene carbonate
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 is dissolved as an electrolyte in an organic solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- FEC is a component that has a high oxidation-reduction potential and is easily reductively decomposed among the components of the electrolytic solution.
- a solid electrolyte interface coating (SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) film) containing a reduction product of FEC on the surface of the negative electrode active material or the surface of the positive electrode active material. Is easily formed.
- SEI film prevents direct contact between the electrolytic solution and the active material, thereby suppressing deterioration of the electrolytic solution and improving the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a secondary battery capable of maintaining cycle characteristics at room temperature and suppressing deterioration in cycle characteristics when used at high temperatures.
- a secondary battery of the present invention is a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolyte solution.
- the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode has an organic part made of resin and an inorganic part made of silica, and contains a binder containing the organic-inorganic hybrid material that binds the positive electrode active material and / or the negative electrode active material Including
- the electrolytic solution includes a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate containing at least one fluorine.
- HF is captured by the inorganic part (silica) of the organic-inorganic silica hybrid material contained in the binder that binds the active material, so that the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery by HF are captured. It is thought that the decrease of the is suppressed.
- silica of an organic-inorganic hybrid material does not participate in charging / discharging, even if it contacts with HF and is corroded, there is no bad influence on a battery characteristic.
- the effect of the secondary battery of the present invention becomes remarkable. This is because silicon oxide is easily corroded by HF. It is considered that the deterioration of the cycle characteristics is suppressed when the inorganic part (silica) of the organic-inorganic hybrid material is corroded by HF before the silicon oxide contained in the negative electrode active material.
- the secondary battery of the present invention the deterioration of the cycle characteristics at the time of high temperature use which can occur in the secondary battery using the electrolytic solution containing the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is suppressed.
- the numerical range “a to b” described in this specification includes the lower limit “a” and the upper limit “b”.
- the numerical range can be configured by arbitrarily combining these upper limit value and lower limit value and the numerical values listed in the examples.
- the secondary battery of the present invention mainly includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution. Below, it explains in full detail about a positive electrode, a negative electrode, electrolyte solution, and another structure.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode active material that can occlude and release alkali metal ions such as lithium ions and sodium ions that serve as electrolyte ions, and a binder that binds the positive electrode active material. Furthermore, the positive electrode may contain a conductive additive.
- the positive electrode active material, the conductive additive, and the binder are not particularly limited and can be used as long as they can be used in the secondary battery.
- the binder will be described in detail later.
- the positive electrode contains a conductive additive
- a material generally used for a secondary battery electrode may be used as the conductive additive.
- the conductive assistant for example, conductive carbon materials such as carbon black (carbonaceous fine particles) such as acetylene black and ketjen black, and carbon fibers are preferably used. Besides conductive carbon materials, conductive organic compounds are also used. A known conductive aid such as may be used. One of these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode active material for example, a metal composite oxide of an element serving as an electrolyte ion and a transition metal such as a lithium / manganese composite oxide, a lithium / cobalt composite oxide, or a lithium / nickel composite oxide can be used.
- a metal composite oxide of an element serving as an electrolyte ion and a transition metal such as a lithium / manganese composite oxide, a lithium / cobalt composite oxide, or a lithium / nickel composite oxide
- examples of the positive electrode active material include LiCoO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , and Li 2 MnO 3 . It is done.
- an active material that does not contain an element such as lithium that becomes an electrolyte ion in charge and discharge for example, sulfur-modified compound obtained by introducing sulfur into an organic compound such as simple sulfur (S) or polyacrylonitrile can be used.
- S simple sulfur
- polyacrylonitrile a compound obtained by introducing sulfur into an organic compound such as simple sulfur (S) or polyacrylonitrile
- an active material that does not include an element that becomes an electrolyte ion is used for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, it is necessary to pre-dope an element that becomes an electrolyte ion.
- the positive electrode active material is preferably in powder form, and the particle size is not particularly limited.
- the current collector that can be used for the positive electrode may be any material that is generally used for the positive electrode of a secondary battery, such as aluminum, nickel, and stainless steel. Various shapes of current collectors such as meshes and metal foils can be used.
- the positive electrode active material described above constitutes a positive electrode material that covers at least the surface of the current collector.
- a positive electrode is comprised by crimping
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode active material that can occlude / release alkali metal ions such as lithium ions and sodium ions that serve as electrolyte ions, and a binder that binds the negative electrode active material. Furthermore, the negative electrode may contain a conductive additive.
- the binder will be described in detail later.
- a material generally used for a secondary battery electrode may be used as the conductive aid.
- conductive carbon materials such as carbon black (carbonaceous fine particles) such as acetylene black and ketjen black, and carbon fibers.
- known conductive materials such as conductive organic compounds are also used.
- An auxiliary agent may be used.
- the conductive assistant one of these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode active material contains an element that can occlude / release lithium ions and can be alloyed with lithium and / or an element that can be alloyed with lithium.
- the negative electrode active material consists of a compound.
- Elements that can be alloyed with lithium include Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Ti, Ag, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi are mentioned. It is preferable to use a negative electrode active material containing one or more of these.
- an element that can be alloyed with lithium is preferably silicon (Si) or tin (Sn).
- the compound having an element that can be alloyed with lithium is preferably a silicon compound or a tin compound.
- the silicon compound is preferably a silicon oxide represented by SiOx (0.3 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.3).
- tin compounds include tin alloys (Cu—Sn alloy, Co—Sn alloy, etc.).
- a carbon-based material such as graphite can be used as the negative electrode active material, and metallic lithium can also be used.
- the negative electrode active material one of these can be used alone or a mixture of two or more can be used.
- the SiOx preferably includes a Si phase and a SiO 2 phase.
- the Si phase is composed of simple silicon and is a phase that can occlude and release electrolyte ions.
- the Si phase has a large theoretical discharge capacity, and expands and contracts as electrolyte ions are stored and released.
- the SiO 2 phase is made of SiO 2 and relaxes expansion / contraction of the Si phase.
- Si phase is covered by SiO 2 phase, it may form a negative electrode active material composed of a Si phase and SiO 2 phase.
- a plurality of miniaturized Si phases are covered with a SiO 2 phase and integrated to form one particle, that is, a negative electrode active material. In this case, the volume change of the whole negative electrode active material particle can be suppressed effectively.
- the mass ratio of the SiO 2 phase to the Si phase in the negative electrode active material is preferably 1 to 3. When the mass ratio is 1 or more, expansion / contraction of the negative electrode active material is suppressed. When the mass ratio is 3 or less, the charge / discharge capacity of the negative electrode active material can be maintained high.
- a raw material powder containing silicon monoxide may be used as a raw material for the negative electrode active material.
- silicon monoxide in the raw material powder is disproportionated into two phases of SiO 2 phase and Si phase.
- silicon monoxide which is a homogeneous solid having an atomic ratio of Si to O of approximately 1: 1, is separated into two phases of SiO 2 phase and Si phase by reaction inside the solid. .
- the silicon oxide powder obtained by disproportionation includes a SiO 2 phase and a Si phase.
- Disproportionation of silicon monoxide in the raw powder proceeds by applying energy to the raw powder.
- Examples of the disproportionation method of silicon monoxide include a method of heating the raw material powder and milling.
- the raw material powder When the raw material powder is heated, it is generally said that almost all silicon monoxide is disproportionated and separated into two phases at 800 ° C. or higher if oxygen is removed.
- the raw material powder containing the amorphous silicon monoxide powder is subjected to heat treatment at 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours in an inert atmosphere such as vacuum or inert gas.
- an inert atmosphere such as vacuum or inert gas.
- the raw material powder When milling the raw material powder, a part of the mechanical energy of the milling contributes to chemical atomic diffusion at the solid phase interface of the raw material powder, and generates an oxide phase and a silicon phase.
- the raw material powder may be mixed using a V-type mixer, a ball mill, an attritor, a jet mill, a vibration mill, a high energy ball mill or the like in an inert gas atmosphere such as vacuum or argon gas. Further heat treatment may be performed after milling to further promote disproportionation of silicon monoxide.
- the negative electrode active material is preferably in the form of powder, and the average particle size is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode active material powder may be used after being classified to 2 ⁇ m or less, further 4 ⁇ m or less.
- the above-described negative electrode active material constitutes a negative electrode material that covers at least the surface of the current collector.
- the negative electrode is configured by pressing the negative electrode material as a negative electrode active material layer onto a current collector.
- a current collector for example, a metal mesh or metal foil such as copper or copper alloy may be used.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes a binder in the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode.
- the binder binds the positive electrode active material at the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material at the negative electrode.
- the binder contains an organic-inorganic hybrid material.
- the organic-inorganic hybrid material mainly has an organic part mainly composed of a resin such as an organic polymer and an inorganic part mainly composed of silica. Below, an organic-inorganic hybrid material is demonstrated.
- the organic-inorganic hybrid material is preferably a cured product of an alkoxysilyl group-containing compound containing an alkoxysilyl group.
- the alkoxysilyl group has a structure represented by the formula (I).
- R 1 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- n 1 and n 2 each independently represents an integer of 1 to 100.
- all of R 1 and R 2 are methyl groups. That is, the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound is a compound in which a component (alkoxysilyl group) that changes to silica represented by the formula (I) is bonded to at least a part of the precursors of various base resins.
- the base resin precursor is not particularly limited as long as it is a precursor corresponding to the structure of the organic part of the organic-inorganic hybrid material. Specifically, bisphenol A type epoxy resin precursor, novolak type epoxy resin precursor, acrylic resin precursor, phenol resin precursor, polyamic acid (polyimide resin precursor), soluble polyimide resin precursor, polyurethane resin precursor, A polyamide-imide resin precursor.
- an alkoxysilyl group-containing compound in which the alkoxysilyl group represented by the formula (I) is introduced into these resin precursors specifically, an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified bisphenol A type epoxy resin, an alkoxy group-containing silane Modified novolac epoxy resin, alkoxy group-containing silane-modified acrylic resin, alkoxy group-containing silane-modified phenol resin, alkoxy group-containing silane-modified polyamic acid resin, alkoxy group-containing silane-modified soluble polyimide resin, alkoxy group-containing silane-modified polyurethane resin, alkoxy group Containing silane-modified polyamideimide resin.
- the binder is desirably made of one or more selected from these groups.
- Each alkoxysilyl group-containing compound can be synthesized by a known technique.
- the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound is an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified polyamic acid resin
- it can be synthesized by reacting a polyamic acid composed of a carboxylic acid anhydride component and a diamine component with an alkoxysilane partial condensate.
- the alkoxysilane partial condensate a product obtained by partially condensing a hydrolyzable alkoxysilane monomer in the presence of an acid or base catalyst and water is used.
- the alkoxysilane partial condensate can be reacted with an epoxy compound in advance to form an epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane partial condensate, and then reacted with a polyamic acid to synthesize an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified polyamic acid resin.
- an organic-inorganic hybrid material having an organic part and an inorganic part is obtained.
- the alkoxysilyl group represented by the formula (I) participates in the sol-gel reaction, and an inorganic part made of silica is synthesized.
- the sol-gel method will be described below.
- a metal alkoxide compound represented by M (OR) y , M is a metal, OR is an alkoxysilyl group, and y is an integer corresponding to the valence of M
- M (OR) y reacts as shown in the following formula (A) by hydrolysis.
- the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound reacts with the alkoxysilyl group of another alkoxysilyl group-containing compound at the same time as the alkoxysilyl group represented by the formula (I) becomes silica.
- the alkoxysilyl group represented by the formula (I) becomes silica, and at the same time, reacts with and binds to the OH group of the organic part (resin precursor). That is, after curing of the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound, an organic-inorganic hybrid material having a structure in which an organic part made of resin is crosslinked with an inorganic part made of silica is desirably obtained. Therefore, it has good adhesion to non-organic current collectors, active materials, and conductive assistants, and the current collector can be firmly held in the current collector.
- the curing process until the organic part is synthesized differs depending on the type of resin that constitutes the organic part.
- the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound is mixed with a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material, and a conductive additive and a solvent as necessary.
- the organic part include those that solidify (dry) as the solvent evaporates, and those that solidify by various polymerization reactions after volatilization of the solvent.
- the resin constituting the organic portion is a thermosetting resin, condensation polymerization is caused by heating to form a polymer network structure.
- the curing conditions may be selected according to the type of the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound to be used, but it is convenient and desirable to cure by heating.
- the organic part made of resin in which the solvent is volatilized and the resin precursor is solidified the hydrolysis and polycondensation of the alkoxysilyl group represented by formula (I) are promoted, and the inorganic part made of silica, respectively.
- an organic-inorganic hybrid material having an organic part made of resin and an inorganic part made of silica can be obtained.
- alkoxysilyl group-containing compounds listed above are cured to give bisphenol A type epoxy resin-silica hybrid, novolac type epoxy resin-silica hybrid, acrylic resin-silica hybrid, phenol resin-silica hybrid, polyimide.
- As a binder it is good to contain 1 or more of these as essential.
- the inorganic part of the organic / inorganic hybrid material is very fine.
- n is 1 to 100 in the formula (I)
- the size of the silica particles is on the order of several nanometers. Therefore, silica is finely dispersed in the organic-inorganic hybrid material.
- the heating condition is preferably 80 ° C. to 250 ° C. for 2 hours to 4 hours, although it depends on the thickness formed on the current collector. However, it is not limited to this condition.
- the organic / inorganic hybrid material may be contained as a binder in at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the organic-inorganic hybrid material is preferably contained in a binder that binds the negative electrode active material containing silicon oxide from the viewpoint of reducing the adverse effect of HF on the silicon oxide used as the negative electrode active material.
- the alkoxysilyl group of the alkoxysilyl group-containing compound is preferentially bonded to the surface of the negative electrode active material containing Si, so that a stable film is formed on the negative electrode active material. This is presumably because the alkoxy group easily reacts with the surface hydroxyl group (—OH group) of the silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the composite oxide used as the positive electrode active material is also easily affected by HF, it is also effective to use an organic-inorganic hybrid material as a binder for binding the positive electrode active material.
- the binder may contain an organic / inorganic hybrid material as well as other binder components.
- the organic / inorganic hybrid material is preferably contained in an amount of 30% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the entire binder.
- binder components include polyvinylidene fluoride (PolyvinylideneDiFluoride: PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Examples include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), methacrylic resin (PMA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), modified polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP). One or more of these may be used in combination with the organic-inorganic hybrid material.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- PI polyimide
- PAI polyamideimide
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PMA methacrylic resin
- PAN polyacrylonit
- a commercial item can also be used suitably as an alkoxysilyl group containing compound.
- the trade name “COMPOCERAN E” (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries) which is an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified bisphenol A type epoxy resin or an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified novolak type epoxy resin
- the trade name “COMPOCELAN” which is an alkoxy group-containing silane-modified acrylic resin.
- “Bisphenol A type epoxy resin-silica hybrid or novolac type epoxy resin-silica hybrid can be obtained by curing“ Composeran E ”.
- the electrolytic solution contains a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate containing at least one fluorine.
- the electrolytic solution is a non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which an alkali metal salt as an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the electrolytic solution contains a fluorinated cyclic carbonate as an essential component.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate only needs to contain at least one fluorine and may contain other halogens, but is preferably represented by the following formula (II).
- each R 3 is independently hydrogen, fluorine, an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group, and at least one of them represents fluorine or a fluorinated alkyl group
- the electrolytic solution may include at least one of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates represented by the formula (II).
- the carbon number thereof is preferably 1 or 2.
- the electrolytic solution is a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate having a structure in which at least one fluorine is bonded to one or more carbons constituting the cyclic structure as represented by the following formulas (II-1) to (II-3). It is preferable to include.
- 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one represented by the formula (II-1) is preferable from the viewpoint of oxidation resistance.
- organic solvents are preferably aprotic organic solvents, and for example, cyclic carbonates (excluding fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates), chain carbonates, ethers, and the like may be used.
- cyclic carbonates excluding fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates
- chain carbonates ethers, and the like
- Cyclic carbonate has a high dielectric constant, and chain carbonate has low viscosity. For this reason, when electrolyte solution contains both a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, the movement of electrolyte ion is not prevented and battery capacity can be improved.
- the cyclic carbonate When the total organic solvent of the electrolytic solution is 100% by volume, the cyclic carbonate is 20% by volume to 40% by volume, further 25% by volume to 35% by volume, and the chain carbonate is 60% by volume to 80% by volume, and further 65% by volume.
- the volume% is preferably 75% by volume.
- the cyclic carbonate increases the dielectric constant of the electrolytic solution, while having a high viscosity. As the dielectric constant increases, the conductivity of the electrolyte improves. If the viscosity is high, the movement of the electrolyte ions is hindered and the conductivity is deteriorated.
- Chain carbonate has a low dielectric constant but low viscosity. By blending both in a well-balanced range within the above blending ratio, the dielectric constant of the organic solvent can be increased to some extent and the viscosity can be decreased, a solvent having good conductivity can be adjusted, and the battery capacity can be improved.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably 1% by volume to 40% by volume, more preferably 25% by volume to 35% by volume, when the entire organic solvent of the electrolytic solution is 100% by volume.
- the charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the battery can be effectively improved, and the battery capacity can be further improved by suppressing the viscosity of the electrolytic solution to facilitate movement of electrolyte ions.
- the cyclic carbonate contains a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate as an essential component, and in addition, propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, 2-methyl-gammabutyrolactone, acetyl-gammabutyrolactone, and gamma.
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- butylene carbonate butylene carbonate
- ⁇ -butyrolactone vinylene carbonate
- 2-methyl-gammabutyrolactone 2-methyl-gammabutyrolactone
- acetyl-gammabutyrolactone acetyl-gammabutyrolactone
- gamma gamma
- the chain carbonate is not particularly limited as long as it is a chain.
- at least one selected from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dibutyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, propionic acid alkyl ester, malonic acid dialkyl ester and acetic acid alkyl ester may be used. it can.
- ethers examples include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, and the like.
- the electrolyte is preferably an alkali metal fluoride soluble in an organic solvent.
- the alkali metal fluoride salt e.g., LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, NaPF 6, may be used at least one selected from the group consisting of NaBF 4 and NaAsF 6.
- the concentration of the electrolyte may be about 0.5 mol / L to 1.7 mol / L.
- the above-described positive electrode and negative electrode, and the above electrolyte solution constitute the secondary battery of the present invention.
- This secondary battery includes a separator sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, as in a general secondary battery.
- the separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, allows ions to move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and prevents an internal short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a sealed type, the separator is also required to have a function of holding an electrolytic solution.
- the separator it is preferable to use a thin, microporous or non-woven membrane made of polyethylene, polypropylene, PAN, aramid, polyimide, cellulose, glass or the like.
- the shape of the secondary battery is not particularly limited, and various shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a stacked shape, and a coin shape can be adopted. Regardless of the shape, a separator is sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode body, and the space between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal is used for current collection. After connecting using a lead or the like, the electrode body is sealed in a battery case together with an electrolytic solution to form a battery.
- the secondary battery of the present invention may be mounted on a vehicle.
- the vehicle may be a vehicle that uses electric energy from the secondary battery for all or part of its power source, and may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or the like.
- a secondary battery When a secondary battery is mounted on a vehicle, a plurality of secondary batteries may be connected in series to form an assembled battery.
- the secondary battery of the present invention can be used for various home appliances, office equipment, industrial equipment and the like driven by batteries such as personal computers and portable communication devices in addition to vehicles.
- Lithium ion secondary battery of Example> A secondary battery containing a polyamide-imide resin-silica hybrid binder as the negative electrode and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as the electrolyte was prepared by the following procedure.
- a silane-modified polyamide-imide resin (“COMPOCERAN H900” manufactured by Arakawa Industrial Co., Ltd.) was prepared as a raw material for the binder that binds these negative electrode active material and conductive additive.
- the basic skeleton of Composelan H900 is shown below. “Me” is a methyl group, “X” is an alkyl group spacer, and “m” is 0-2.
- the above negative electrode active material, conductive additive and binder were mixed to obtain a slurry mixture.
- This mixture contains N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), which is a solvent for Composelan H900.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the slurry-like mixture is applied to one side of a copper foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) as a current collector using a doctor blade, pressed at a predetermined pressure, and heated at 200 ° C. for 2 hours for binding.
- the agent was cured.
- the negative electrode provided with the negative electrode active material layer of thickness 15 micrometers on the collector surface.
- the base polyamideimide resin constitutes the organic part.
- the silane-modified site at the end of the polyamideimide resin is converted into silica by hydrolysis and condensation polymerization with water in the atmosphere, and constitutes an inorganic part.
- the silane-modified polyamideimide resin is a polyamide in which the polyamideimide resin that is an organic part is crosslinked with silica that is an inorganic part. It changes to an imide resin-silica hybrid.
- lithium composite oxide LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2
- acetylene black AB
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using the positive electrode and the negative electrode produced by the above procedure.
- An electrode body was produced by sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode in which a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode active material layer were opposed to each other.
- This electrode body was sealed with an aluminum film together with an electrolytic solution to obtain a laminate cell.
- two aluminum films are formed into a bag shape by heat-sealing except for a part of the periphery of the aluminum film. The part was completely hermetically sealed. At this time, the tips of the current collector on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side were protruded from the edge of the film so that they could be connected to external terminals.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the comparative example was the same as the above except that the silane-modified polyamideimide resin (hybrid binder) used in the lithium ion secondary battery of the example was changed to a polyamideimide resin (non-hybrid binder). A battery was produced.
- the polyamideimide resin used is shown below. (“Q” is about 1 to 100 on average)
- Lithium ion secondary battery of reference example A lithium ion secondary battery of a reference example was fabricated in the same procedure as described above except that the electrolyte solution containing FEC used in the lithium ion secondary battery of the example was changed to an electrolyte solution not containing FEC.
- LiPF 6 as an electrolyte was dissolved in the prepared organic solvent so as to be 1 mol / L.
- Table 1 shows the binders used in the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples, and the organic solvents contained in the electrolytic solution.
- each lithium ion secondary battery was conditioned prior to the charge / discharge test.
- the conditioning treatment was performed by repeating charging and discharging three times at 25 ° C.
- FIG. 1 shows the discharge capacity maintenance rate when charging / discharging at 25 ° C.
- FIG. 2 shows the discharge capacity maintenance rate when charging / discharging at 55 ° C., respectively.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples using an electrolytic solution containing FEC exhibited a high discharge capacity maintenance rate of about 80% in charge and discharge at 500 cycles at room temperature (FIG. 1). That is, when a lithium ion secondary battery is used at 25 ° C., cycle characteristics are improved by using FEC. At this time, the lithium ion secondary battery of the comparative example showed better cycle characteristics than the lithium ion secondary battery of the example. Both types differ in the type of binder contained in the negative electrode, but it was found that the cycle characteristics were not significantly reduced even when a polyamideimide resin-silica hybrid binder was used for the negative electrode.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the reference example using the electrolytic solution not containing FEC is higher in temperature than the lithium ion secondary battery of the example and comparative example using the electrolytic solution containing FEC. It was found that the cycle characteristics were excellent. This is presumably because hydrogen fluoride (HF) was generated by using an electrolytic solution containing FEC at a high temperature, and HF had an adverse effect on the active material. That is, since the lithium ion secondary battery of the reference example does not contain FEC, no hydrogen fluoride derived from FEC was generated, and excellent cycle characteristics were exhibited. However, even the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples showed sufficient cycle characteristics as secondary batteries.
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the example using the polyamideimide resin-silica hybrid binder for the negative electrode showed better cycle characteristics than the lithium ion secondary battery of the comparative example using the non-hybrid for the negative electrode. This is presumably because hydrogen fluoride was trapped in the silica portion of the polyamideimide resin-silica hybrid binder, and the adverse effects of hydrogen fluoride were reduced.
- the cycle characteristics due to the temperature difference during charging and discharging were compared between the lithium ion secondary battery of the example and the lithium ion secondary battery of the comparative example. Comparing the discharge capacity retention rate at the 500th cycle, the lithium ion secondary battery of the comparative example was 82.0% at 25 ° C., but greatly decreased to 73.4% at 55 ° C. On the other hand, in the lithium ion secondary battery of the example, the discharge capacity maintenance rate at the 500th cycle was 77.2% at 25 ° C., but it was 75.7% at 55 ° C., and the discharge capacity decreased due to temperature rise. It can be said that the amount was greatly suppressed. In other words, the lithium ion secondary batteries of the examples were able to maintain cycle characteristics at room temperature and suppress deterioration in cycle characteristics when used at high temperatures.
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Abstract
Description
前記正極および/または前記負極は、樹脂からなる有機部とシリカからなる無機部とを有し、前記正極活物質および/または前記負極活物質を結着する有機無機ハイブリッド材料を含有する結着剤を含み、
前記電解液は、少なくとも1つのフッ素を含有する含フッ素環状カーボネートを含むことを特徴とする。
正極は、電解質イオンとなるリチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオンなどのアルカリ金属イオンを吸蔵・放出可能な正極活物質と、正極活物質を結着する結着剤と、を含むとよい。さらに、正極は導電助剤を含んでもよい。正極活物質、導電助剤および結着剤は、特に限定はなく、二次電池で使用可能なものであれば使用できる。
負極は、電解質イオンとなるリチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオンなどのアルカリ金属イオンを吸蔵・放出可能な負極活物質と、負極活物質を結着する結着剤と、を含むとよい。さらに、負極は導電助剤を含んでもよい。
本発明の二次電池は、正極および/または負極に結着剤を含む。結着剤は、正極では正極活物質を、負極では負極活物質を、それぞれ結着する。結着剤は、有機無機ハイブリッド材料を含有する。有機無機ハイブリッド材料は、主として、有機高分子などの樹脂を主成分とする有機部と、シリカを主成分とする無機部と、を有する。以下に、有機無機ハイブリッド材料について説明する。
ここで示した反応がさらに促進されると最終的にM(OH)yが生成され、ここで生成した2分子の水酸化物間で縮合がおこると下記式(B)のように反応する。
このとき全てのOH基は重縮合することが可能であり、また末端にOH基を有する樹脂とも脱水重縮合反応することが可能である。
電解液は、少なくとも1つのフッ素を含有する含フッ素環状カーボネートを含む。電解液は、有機溶媒に電解質であるアルカリ金属塩を溶解させた非水電解液であって、本発明の二次電池では、含フッ素環状カーボネートを電解液に必須として含む。含フッ素環状カーボネートは、少なくとも1つのフッ素を含有すればよく他のハロゲンを含有してもよいが、下記の式(II)で表されるのが好ましい。
上記の正極および負極と、上記の電解液と、で本発明の二次電池が構成される。この二次電池は、一般の二次電池と同様、正極と負極の間に挟装されるセパレータを備える。セパレータは、正極と負極との間に配置され、正極と負極との間のイオンの移動を許容するとともに、正極と負極との内部短絡を防止する。非水電解質二次電池が密閉型であれば、セパレータには電解液を保持する機能も求められる。セパレータとしては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、PAN、アラミド、ポリイミド、セルロース、ガラス等を材料とする薄肉かつ微多孔性または不織布状の膜を用いるのが好ましい。
負極にポリアミドイミド樹脂-シリカハイブリッドバインダ、電解液にフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)を含む二次電池を、以下の手順で作製した。
実施例のリチウムイオン二次電池において使用したシラン変性ポリアミドイミド樹脂(ハイブリッドバインダ)を、ポリアミドイミド樹脂(未ハイブリッドバインダ)に変更した他は、上記と同様の手順で、比較例のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。使用したポリアミドイミド樹脂を以下に示す。(“q”は平均で1~100程度)
実施例のリチウムイオン二次電池で用いたFECを含有する電解液を、FECを含まない電解液に変更した他は、上記と同様の手順で、参考例のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
上記の手順で作製した実施例、比較例および参考例のリチウムイオン二次電池について、室温条件(25℃)および高温条件(55℃)にて充放電試験を行った。
Claims (8)
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、負極活物質を含む負極と、電解液と、を備える二次電池において、
前記正極および/または前記負極は、樹脂からなる有機部とシリカからなる無機部とを有し、前記正極活物質および/または前記負極活物質を結着する有機無機ハイブリッド材料を含有する結着剤を含み、
前記電解液は、少なくとも1つのフッ素を含有する含フッ素環状カーボネートを含むことを特徴とする二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質は珪素酸化物を含み、前記有機無機ハイブリッド材料は少なくとも該負極活物質を結着する請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記含フッ素環状カーボネートは、環状構造を構成する1以上の炭素に少なくとも1つのフッ素が結合した構造を有する請求項1または2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記電解液は、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(フルオロエチレンカーボネート)を含む請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記有機無機ハイブリッド材料は、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂-シリカハイブリッド、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂-シリカハイブリッド、アクリル樹脂-シリカハイブリッド、フェノール樹脂-シリカハイブリッド、ポリイミド樹脂-シリカハイブリッド、可溶性ポリイミド樹脂-シリカハイブリッド、ポリウレタン樹脂-シリカハイブリッドおよびポリアミドイミド樹脂-シリカハイブリッドから選ばれる一種以上を含む請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記アルコキシシリル基含有化合物は、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性アクリル樹脂、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性フェノール樹脂、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性ポリアミック酸樹脂、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性可溶性ポリイミド樹脂、アルコキシ基含有シラン変性ポリウレタン樹脂およびアルコキシ基含有シラン変性ポリアミドイミド樹脂から選ばれる一種以上を含む請求項6に記載の二次電池。
- 前記結着剤は、前記有機部がポリアミドイミド樹脂からなるポリアミドイミド樹脂-シリカハイブリッドを含有し、
前記電解液は、フルオロエチレンカーボネートを含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
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WO2015129187A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2016160703A1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-06 | Harrup Mason K | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
KR101996513B1 (ko) * | 2015-06-03 | 2019-07-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 첨가제와, 이를 포함하는 비수계 전해액 및 이차전지 |
KR101997052B1 (ko) * | 2015-07-31 | 2019-07-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 첨가제와, 이를 포함하는 비수계 전해액, 및 이차전지 |
WO2017073016A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US10991981B2 (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2021-04-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
US11018342B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2021-05-25 | Nec Corporation | Binder composition for secondary battery |
JPWO2019044238A1 (ja) | 2017-08-30 | 2020-09-24 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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US11973178B2 (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2024-04-30 | Ionblox, Inc. | Lithium ion cells with high performance electrolyte and silicon oxide active materials achieving very long cycle life performance |
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