WO2013179042A2

WO2013179042A2 - Multi-touch sensing panel

Info

Publication number: WO2013179042A2
Application number: PCT/GB2013/051438
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andrew Morrison
Original assignee: Zytronic Displays Limited
Priority date: 2012-05-31
Filing date: 2013-05-30
Publication date: 2013-12-05
Also published as: WO2013179042A3; GB2502594B; GB201209728D0; GB2502594A

Abstract

A multi-touch sensing panel for a display screen comprising a panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, for use with a touch detector. The touch detector is arranged to detect a user touch by detecting a reduction in energy transferred by capacitive coupling between the conductors that cross at the intersection points, a reduction in capacitively coupled energy detected in a vicinity of a given intersection corresponding to a user touch detected in the vicinity of that intersection point. Each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors comprises a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points and each non linear path includes a plurality of straight sections with a direction different from the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display, visible Moiré interference with the pixel display is diminished, and at least some of the straight sections between adjacent pairs of intersection points are substantially parallel with each other.

Description

MULTI-TOUCH SENSING PANEL

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to multi-touch sensing panels for detecting user touch input for use in touch sensing displays and in particular for detecting user multi- touch, i.e. more than one touch input from a user at the same time, and methods of manufacture of such panels.

BACKGROUND

Personal computing devices equipped with touch sensing displays are well known and widely used. Such displays allow a user to control a device by "touch inputs", i.e. by touching a touch sensing panel typically positioned over a display screen.

Recent advances in so-called "multi-touch" technology have allowed the development of multi-touch devices, whereby a touch sensing display of a device can derive control information from multiple simultaneous touches by a user. Multi- touch technology increases the amount of control a user has over a device and increases the usefulness and desirability of the device.

Development of multi-touch technology has been mainly limited to comparatively small-scale personal computing devices such as smart-phones and tablet computers. However, there is recognition that providing multi-touch touch sensing displays in other areas could lead to improved devices of other types.

Conventional multi-touch display devices use a so-called "mutual capacitance" technique whereby the level of charge transferred from a first set of conductors (i.e. electrodes) to a second set of conductors by virtue of capacitive coupling is monitored. A reduction in this charge transfer indicates a user touch. Other techniques can be used to detect user touch, such as so-called "self-capacitance" techniques whereby a change in capacitance of isolated conductors arranged in a grid pattern is monitored. However, self-capacitance based techniques perform poorly when trying to distinguish between multiple simultaneous touches and are therefore not appropriate for multi-touch applications. A conventional mutual-capacitance based multi-touch display device comprises a touch-sensing panel overlaid on a display screen. The touch sensing panel includes a first array layer comprising a first set of conducting elements and a second array layer comprising a second set of conducting elements. The first and second array layers are separated by a number of insulating layers and positioned under a transparent protective substrate usually made from glass. The first and second set of conducting elements are made from indium tin oxide (ITO). ITO when deposited in thin enough layers becomes transparent and is generally considered to be the best material for use in the panels that are positioned over display screens.

The ITO conductors of the first array layer are arranged to cross the ITO conductors of the second array layer at a number of crossing points. Transfer of charge due to capacitive coupling between the ITO conductors of the first and second layers at the various crossing points is monitored. A user touch (e.g. a user bringing a finger or a capacitive stylus into close proximity or physical contact with the touch sensing panel) is detected when a drop in the level of charge transferred by capacitive coupling is detected at a crossing point. This is due to charge that would otherwise have been transferred from one conductor layer to the other at the crossing point instead being transferred into the user (or stylus).

To produce the ITO conductors a layer of ITO is deposited on a substrate. This layer is then etched using a photolithography based technique to etch gaps between individual conductors.

As mentioned above, ITO is substantially transparent to the human eye when deposited as a thin enough layer (for example ITO layers with a thickness corresponding to a resistance of 250/300 Ω/sq) therefore the optical appearance of high definition display screens is not substantially diminished by the placing on top of an ITO based multi-touch sensing panel.

However, the use of ITO has a number of drawbacks that makes it less appropriate for the manufacture of other types of devices.

For example, whilst ITO has acceptable optical properties when deposited in a thin enough layer, its resistivity is such that it becomes increasingly difficult to use ITO conductors for multi-touch sensing panels with a width larger than 500mm. Beyond this size the resistance is such that increasingly high-powered electronics must be used to "drive" charge into the conductors which results in increased power consumption. Further, as the resistance of the conductors increases it becomes harder to accurately measure how much charge is capacitively coupled between the first and second array layers. Therefore, to make multi-touch sensing panels of larger dimensions, it is necessary to "tile" a series of discrete panels thereby increasing cost and requiring complex electronics to control the tiled array.

Moreover, to deposit an ITO layer on a substrate a so-called "sputtering" technique is used whereby ITO particles are projected at the substrate forming a thin layer. Sputtering is expensive and time consuming process and must be performed in a vacuum. Moreover, it is difficult to perform sputtering consistently i.e. providing an ITO layer of uniform thickness and resistivity. Therefore the characteristics (e.g. the "linearity") of ITO conductors may vary from device to device. This makes it necessary to adapt the electronics controlling each individual device to take account of these variances on a device-by device basis.

Further, the use of photolithography requires the production of expensive photolithograpic masks. The cost of producing such masks means that it is mostly uneconomic to manufacture a low volume of multi-touch sensing panels making testing new designs expensive and developing low numbers of "bespoke" touch sensing panels largely impractical.

There are further drawbacks to conventional techniques for providing touch sensing panels for multi-touch devices. For example, due to the manufacturing process and the physical properties of ITO it is very difficult to provide anything other than a uniformly flat touch sensing panel. This limits the use of multi-touch touch sensing display devices to devices that have a flat or substantially flat display screen profile.

As ITO is generally considered the only suitable material from which to make the conductors of multi-touch sensing devices due to its transparency, efforts to address the drawbacks discussed above have focussed on adapting the ITO conductor structure to reduce its resistivity and to adapt the ITO based manufacturing process to make it less costly and produce more consistently deposited ITO layers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a multi- touch sensing panel for a display screen comprising a panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, for use with a touch detector. The touch detector is arranged to detect a user touch by detecting a reduction in energy transferred by capacitive coupling between the conductors that cross at the intersection points, a reduction in capacitively coupled energy detected in a vicinity of a given intersection corresponding to a user touch detected in the vicinity of that intersection point. Each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors comprises a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points and each non linear path includes a plurality of straight sections with a direction different from the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display, visible Moire interference with the pixel display is diminished, and at least some of the straight sections between adjacent pairs of intersection points are substantially parallel with each other.

In accordance with this first aspect of the invention, a mutual capacitance based multi-touch sensing panel is provided which can be manufactured using a manufacturing process that is more simple and less costly than conventional techniques. More specifically, in contrast to conventional techniques, rather than using electrically isolated conductors that have been formed by depositing layers of ITO on non-conductive substrates and then creating individual ITO conductors using photolithography, instead the conductors in accordance with this aspect of the invention are formed from conducting wires following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points.

It has been recognised that whilst using conducting wires may compromise to some extent the aesthetic of the display screen (e.g. the wires may be partially visible in front of a display screen on which the device is installed), for many applications (such as larger scale devices like public display screens or industrial control panels) conducting wires provide an acceptable level of transparency whilst providing substantial design, manufacturing and other benefits. Using conducting wires rather than deposited and etched ITO greatly simplifies the manufacturing process as the wires can simply be placed on the panel substrate using any suitable direct wire process such as one which uses a plotting machine controlled in accordance with a design stored in a CAD file. Multi-touch sensing panels arranged in accordance with the present invention can be manufactured with no need for the production beforehand of expensive photolithography masks. A typical ITO multi-touch sensing panel requires at least three masks: one for forming an array of X-conductors, one for forming an array of Y-conductors and one for forming the contact leads that connect the X-conductors and the Y-conductors with the external electronics. In accordance with the present invention, there is no requirement for any masks to be produced. Furthermore, in accordance with this aspect of the present invention there is no requirement to use the expensive and inconsistent ITO sputtering process. As a result the cost of manufacturing a "one-off" panel is little different to manufacturing a large volume of panels and new panel designs can be produced much more quickly.

Furthermore, ITO contains indium which is expensive due to its rarity. Manufacturing costs aside, the raw material cost for a multi-touch sensing panel arranged in accordance with the present invention will typically be lower than an equivalent ITO based multi-touch sensing panel.

Furthermore, the use of ITO in conventional multi-touch sensing panels results in a yellow colouration. As will be understood, this can have a detrimental effect on the appearance of what is displayed on a display screen positioned below such a multi- touch sensing panel. As will be understood, as multi-touch sensing panels arranged in accordance with the present invention need not contain any ITO, there is no "yellowing" caused by ITO.

Similarly, ITO is known to be particularly reflective of sunlight. Accordingly, the performance of conventional ITO based multi-touch sensing panels outdoors can be poor as light from the display screen behind the panel can be masked by reflected sunlight. In contrast, as multi-touch sensing panels arranged in accordance with the present invention need not contain any ITO, problems associated with reflecting of sunlight due to ITO are mitigated. Furthermore, the so-called "z-axis projection" (i.e. the distance from the conductors that a user finger or stylus needs to be to capacitively couple charge away from the conductor array and thereby register a touch) is greater when using conducting wires than when using thin layers of ITO. As a result, using conducting wires as the conductors means that the transparent substrate under which the conductors are typically positioned can be much thicker than is possible with ITO based conductors. Accordingly, multi-touch sensing panels arranged in accordance with the present invention can be built to be more rugged and resilient than conventional ITO based multi-touch sensing panels.

Furthermore, particular advantage is found in the fact that the non-linear paths between intersection points comprise a number of straight sections (also referred to herein as "straight line sections") that are parallel to each other and arranged in a direction to reduce Moire fringes.

Specifically in the case of mutual capacitance based multi-touch sensors, it is desirable to provide a suitably dense coverage of electrodes to ensure that a user touch between intersection points can be accurately detected.

However, this constraint must be balanced against manufacturing requirements (for example laying down the conductors using a direct wire plotting technique) and atheistic and optical considerations.

The straight sections allow direct traversing of the area between the non-linear sections and across intersection points by the wire. But more particularly, by providing a number of parallel straight sections between each adjacent pair of intersection points, the conductors follow a back and forth path which provides an effective surface coverage between adjacent intersection points (being similar in performance, for example, as ITO pads) whilst remaining minimally perceptible to the human eye. Furthermore, the parallel straight sections can be readily produced by using wire placing techniques such as direct wire plotting and conveniently orientated in a direction away from prevailing pixel direction thereby reducing the effect of Moire fringes. Specifically, the straight sections lie on a line with a direction different from the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display, visible Moire interference with the pixel display is diminished. The touch sensing electrodes in touch displays are usually repeated in the same directions as the pixels, e.g. X and Y. This is convenient for mapping touch detection coordinates onto pixel coordinates for programming purposes. This can however lead to Moire patterns being formed. When the straight line sections are not aligned with the directions between adjacent pairs, for example the X and Y directions, then Moire patterns between the straight line sections and the underlying pixels are avoided.

In embodiments of the present invention, electrode cross over areas are also minimised to ensure that the X or Y layers do not overlap and mask each other to a great extent which could cause a degradation in touch detection signal. Embodiments of the present invention provide cross over regions that are typically 8um to 18um (the diameter of the electrodes) where ITO sensors generally have lmm to 2mm cross over sections, as making the cross over sections very small on ITO would increase the overall resistance of the electrode as there are multiple cross over points within an array electrode pattern. Static mutual capacitance between the ITO at the overlapping crossing point is undesirable because a part, such as a user finger or capacitive stylus, will not be able to block the transfer of field lines between the upper and lower ITO at the overlap.

In embodiments of the present invention, the crossed conducting wires with their small size, compared to the planar geometry at the crossover as for ITO, provide mutual capacitance with fringing fields that extend further away from the crossing point and are therefore accessible for interaction with the part such as a user finger or capacitive stylus.

Electrode pattern design is important in any touchscreen design. It is important to maximise surface coverage to ensure an accurate and linear touch response across the sensor. Generic ITO multi-touch sensors use a diamond electrode pattern where the diamond electrodes interleave with each other, typically with the X-electrode pattern on a separate layer to the Y-electrode pattern. The ITO pattern is designed to be uniform across the sensor and cover the maximum surface area. Embodiments of the present invention provide an electrode pattern with the benefits of using wire as the electrode while also having a uniform pattern that gives maximum surface coverage. The improved surface coverage is provided by the conducting wire following a nonlinear continuous path between a pair of intersection points. This has the effect that the mutual capacitive coupling between the conductors is distributed around the areas between the intersection points. Therefore a user touch in the areas between the intersection points reduces the energy transferred by the mutual capacitive coupling. This has been found to effectively interpolate the touch detection signal between the intersection points.

In some embodiments, the plurality of conductors are electrically isolated and each comprises a conducting wire individually insulated with an insulating coating. In accordance with these embodiments the conductors can be laid down on a supporting substrate as a single layer and in a single manufacturing step.

In some embodiments, the plurality of electrically isolated conductors comprise a first group of X-plane conductors and a second group of Y-plane conductors, each intersection point being where an X-plane conductor crosses a Y-plane conductor. In some examples of these embodiments the X-plane conductors are arranged substantially orthogonal to the Y-plane conductors.

In some embodiments the plurality of electrically isolated conductors are arranged as a plurality of repeating cells, each cell comprising one or more intersection points. By arranging the plurality of conductors in this fashion, a general pattern for the conductors can be generated (and stored for example as CAD file) which can readily be scaled or manipulated such as by being increased in size, decreased in size, cropped, stretched, compressed or any other such adaptation. Accordingly, a "base" conductor array pattern can be quickly and easily adapted for different applications, for example to provide a larger multi-touch sensing panel, a particularly elongated multi-touch sensing panel and so on. Moreover, if the same general pattern is used for the conductor array, then providing the pattern includes a set number of intersection points, the same touch detector (e.g. a device controller IC) can be used to detect the user input touches irrespective of the size and dimensions of the multi-touch sensing panel (for example including multi-touch sensing panels with a width up to 2500mm).

In some embodiments, the non-linear path is arranged to provide a substantially uniform density of coverage of area between the intersection points. The uniform density provides an electrode pattern that appears, to the extent that it is visible, uniform in front of the display. The uniform coverage distributes the mutual capacitance across the area between intersection points, thus smoothing the touch detection signal that would otherwise peak sharply at the intersection points. In some embodiments, the non-linear path is serpentine. The serpentine path efficiently covers the area, while the relatively gently curving bends allow laying down of the wire with good adhesion.

In some embodiments the plurality of electrically isolated conductors are laid over each other forming a single conductor array layer in the panel. In accordance with these embodiments the conductors can be laid down on a supporting substrate as a single layer and in a single manufacturing step. This results in a far simpler construction than conventional multi-touch sensing panels which require conductors in the X-plane to be deposited on an entirely separate insulating layer to the conductors in the Y-plane. Alternatively, if the conductors are not individually insulated, they may be separated by insulator patterned on top of the crossover points of the first (say X-plane) conductors, before the second (say Y-plane) conductors are laid down.

In some embodiments the panel comprises the conductor array layer positioned on an adhesive layer. In some examples the adhesive layer is positioned adjacent to a protective substrate layer. In some examples the protective substrate layer is made from one of glass, polycarbonate, acrylic and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In some embodiments the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors is of diameter 8μηι to 18μηι.

In some embodiments, the conducting wire comprises a metallic conductor material such as copper, nickel, tungsten or similar. The resistivity of these types of conductors is considerably lower than that of ITO. Accordingly, the size of individual multi-touch sensing panels can be far larger than is possible using ITO because larger conductor arrays can be produced without the resistivity of the array becoming prohibitive. This means larger devices can be made without the need to "tile" a group of smaller panels.

In some embodiments the insulated conducting wires comprises tungsten wire of a diameter of 5μηι to ΙΟμηι. It has been found that conducting wire made from tungsten and of this diameter provides a good aesthetic effect (i.e. the insulated conducting wires are of reduced perceptibility) whilst the diameter of 5μηι to ΙΟμηι provides a good level of robustness and resistance to breakage during manufacture. In some embodiments the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a polyurethane, polyester, polyesterimide or polyimide coating. In some embodiments the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors is a coating of ίηίΰ1 ΐ6553μηι to 4μηι.

In some embodiments the touch detector is a controller unit arranged to detect a touch in the vicinity of an intersection point by transmitting a pulse on an X-plane conductor and monitoring a corresponding pulse energy on one or more of the Y- plane conductors, said corresponding pulse arising due to capacitive coupling between the X-plane conductor and the one or more Y-plane conductors. The touch is detected in the vicinity of the intersection point upon the controller unit detecting a reduction in pulse energy on one of the Y-plane conductors, compared to the other Y-plane conductors, said one of the Y-plane conductors corresponding to the intersection point.

In some embodiments the panel is non-planar and suitable for use with a corresponding non-planar display screen.

In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is provided a multi-touch sensing display comprising a multi-touch sensing panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, a display screen positioned relative to the multi-touch sensing panel and a touch detector. The touch detector is arranged to detect a user touch (e.g. a user bringing their finger or a conductive stylus near to or in to physical contact with the multi-touch sensing panel) by detecting a reduction in energy transferred by capacitive coupling between the conductors that cross at the intersection points of the multi-touch sensing panel, a reduction in capacitively coupled energy detected in the vicinity of a given intersection point corresponding to a user touch detected in the vicinity of that intersection point, said touch detector arranged to generate multi-touch data for controlling the display screen based on the detected user touch. Each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors of the multi-touch sensing panel comprises a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points.

In accordance with a third aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a multi-touch sensing panel for a display screen, the method comprising providing a panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, including forming each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors by laying out a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points.

In some embodiments the plurality of conductors are electrically isolated by individually insulating each conducting wire with an insulating coating.

In some embodiments the method includes laying out a plurality of electrically isolated conductors that comprise a first group of X-plane conductors and a second group of Y-plane conductors, each intersection point being where an X-plane conductor crosses a Y-plane conductor.

In some embodiments the method includes laying out the X-plane conductor substantially orthogonal to Y-plane conductor.

In some embodiments the method includes laying out the plurality of electrically isolated conductors as plurality of repeating cells, each cell comprising one or more intersection point.

In some embodiments the method includes laying out the non-linear path to provide a substantially uniform density of coverage of area between the intersection points.

In some embodiments the non-linear path is serpentine.

In some embodiments the non-linear path has at least one straight section.

In some embodiments at least one straight section is laid out on a line with a direction different from the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display, visible Moire interference with the pixel display is diminished.

In some embodiments the plurality of electrically isolated conductors are laid over each other forming a single conductor array layer in the panel.

In some embodiments the method includes providing an adhesive layer, wherein the conductor array layer is positioned on the adhesive layer. In some embodiments the method includes providing a protective substrate layer, wherein the adhesive layer is positioned adjacent the protective substrate layer. In some embodiments the protective substrate layer is made from one of glass, polycarbonate, acrylic and polyethylene terephthalate.

In some embodiments the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a metallic conductor material.

In some embodiments the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises any one of copper wire, nickel wire or tungsten wire.

In some embodiments the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors is of diameter 8μηι to 18μηι.

In some embodiments the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises tungsten wire of a diameter of 5μηι to ΙΟμηι..

In some embodiments the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a polyurethane coating.

In some embodiments the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors is coating of ίηίΰ1 ΐ6553μηι to 4μηι.

Various further aspects and features of the invention are defined in the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings where like parts are provided with corresponding reference numerals and in which:

Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of a multi-touch sensing panel arrangement in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 2a provides a schematic diagram of a conductor array layer arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 2b provides a schematic diagram of a view of a multi-touch sensing panel arranged in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 2c provides a schematic diagram of an example of a conductor array pattern arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 2d provides a schematic diagram of an example of intersecting conductors in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 2e provides a schematic diagram of an example of a conductor array pattern arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 2f provides a schematic diagram of an example of a conductor array pattern arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 3 provides a schematic diagram of a cross section of an insulated conducting wire arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 4 provides a schematic diagram of a multi-touch sensing panel arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 5 provides a schematic diagram illustrating a conductor array manufacturing technique for manufacturing conductor arrays in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 6 provides a schematic diagram illustrating a touch detector unit arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 7 provides a schematic diagram of a flexible conductor sheet arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention;

Figure 8 provides a schematic diagram showing an example of a rolling technique for manufacturing a non-planar multi-touch sensing panel in accordance with embodiments of the invention; Figure 9 provides a schematic diagram of a non-planar multi-touch sensing panel arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention; and

Figure 10 provides a schematic diagram of a non-planar multi-touch sensing panel connected to a touch detector unit arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of a multi-touch sensing panel arrangement 101 suitable for use with embodiments of the invention. The multi-touch sensing panel arrangement is arranged to detect "multi-touch" input, i.e. input from a user comprising one or more touch inputs at the same time.

A multi-touch sensing panel 102 is provided which includes a conducting array layer 103 comprising a plurality of insulated conducting wires arranged into a first group of X-plane conductors and a second group of Y-plane conductors. In this embodiment, each conducting wire is individually insulated with an insulating coating, although it will be appreciated that other ways of electrically isolating the wires may be used and the present invention is not limited to individually insulated conducting wires.

Each of the insulated conducting wires from both the X-plane conductor group and the Y-plane conductor group are connected via a flexi-lead connector 107 to a touch detector unit 104. The touch detector unit 104 includes an output 108 enabling it to be connected to a display controller 105. The display controller 105 is arranged to control a display screen 106 over which the multi-touch sensing panel can be positioned. As will be understood, the display controller 105 is typically any suitable display controlling device such as a personal computer, games console, control circuitry of a television and so on. The display screen 106 is any display apparatus which can be positioned adjacent to a multi-touch sensing panel. Such display screens include LCD display screens, CRT display screens, projection based display screens and so on.

As will be understood, the multi-touch sensing panel 102, touch detector unit 104 and display screen together form a multi-touch sensing display.

The conducting array layer 103 includes a number of intersection points 109 where an insulated conducting wire from the group of X-plane conductors crosses an insulated conducting wire from the group of Y-plane conductors.

In operation the touch detector unit is arranged to sequentially generate a voltage pulse on each of the insulated conducting wires of the X-plane conductor group and at the same time monitor the voltage level on each of the insulated conducting wires of the Y-plane conductor group. By virtue of capacitive coupling between the insulated conducting wires in the vicinity of the intersection points, a voltage pulse generated on a given X-plane insulated conducting wire will result in a corresponding voltage pulse on all of the Y-plane insulated conducting wires that cross the given X-plane insulated conducting wires at the various intersections. The size of the pulse on each Y-plane insulated conducting wire that cross the X-plane insulated conducting wire will depend on the extent of the capacitive coupling between the insulated conducting wires in the vicinity of the intersections.

Normally when there is no user touch (i.e. a user has not brought any part such as a user finger or capacitive stylus into close proximity or physical contact with the multi-touch sensing panel 102) the voltage pulse generated on the Y-plane insulated conducting wires will be at a given, substantially constant, level. However, if there is a user touch in the vicinity of an intersection point (i.e. a user bringing a part, such as a body part or suitable capacitive pointing device, into close proximity or physical contact with the multi-touch sensing panel 102), then some of the energy from the voltage pulse on the X-plane insulated conducting wire will be absorbed, by capacitive coupling, into the user part. As a result there is a reduction in the size of the voltage pulse (i.e. the energy) measured at the particular Y-plane insulated conducting wire that crosses the pulsed X-plane insulated conducting wire.

By sequentially pulsing each of the X-plane insulated conducting wires and measuring the corresponding voltage pulses on the Y-plane insulated conducting wires, the touch detector can determine in the vicinity of what intersection points there are user touches. The touch detector pulses the X-plane conductors and measures the corresponding pulse on the Y-plane conductors at a sufficient frequency such that simultaneous user touches (i.e. multi-touch) in the vicinity of any of the intersection points can be detected.

Multi-touch data, indicating where there are user touches, is then generated by the touch detector unit 104 which can then be sent, via the touch detector unit output 108, to a display controller 105 that is arranged to control a display screen 106 in accordance with multi-touch data.

For example, if the display screen 106 is displaying an image, a user might place a thumb and forefinger on the multi-touch sensing panel 102 at a position corresponding to where the image is displayed on the display screen 106. The user may then twist their hand thereby rotating the thumb and forefinger around a central point. This user input is detected by the touch detector unit 104 as described above and multi-touch data corresponding to the position and the movement of the user's thumb and forefinger generated and sent to the display controller 105. The display controller 105 may then be arranged to determine that a user touch was made on an area of the multi-touch sensing panel corresponding to an area of the display screen 106 where the image is displayed and therefore that the user has selected the image for manipulation. Further, the display controller 105 may then be arranged to change the display of the image in accordance with an operation associated with the thumb/forefinger rotation movement described above by, for example, rotating the image displayed on the display screen 106.

Figure 2a provides a schematic diagram of a conductor array layer 201 arranged in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

As described above, the conductor array layer 201 comprises a plurality of insulated conducting wires arranged into an X-plane group of insulated conducting wires 200 that run from top to bottom in Figure 2a and a Y-plane group of insulated conducting wires 202 that run from left to right in Figure 2a. Typically the insulated conducting wires of the X-plane group are arranged substantially orthogonally to the insulated conducting wires of the Y-plane group. Each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors 200 and 202 comprises a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points.

The insulated conducting wires terminate at a termination point 203 and are connected at this point to one or more flexi-tail connectors for electrical connection with a touch detector unit.

Typically, a first portion 204 of the conductor array 201 is positioned substantially within an area of the multi-touch sensing panel that receives touch input from a user. A second portion 205 includes signal lines connected to each insulated conducting wire leading to the termination point and is typically positioned around a periphery of the multi-touch sensing panel. Typically the insulated conducting wire forming a conductor in the conductor array and the corresponding signal line are formed from the same continuous section of insulated conducting wire. The plurality of electrically isolated conductors may each comprise a conducting wire individually insulated with an insulating coating. Then, with reference to Figure 2a, Y-plane insulated conducting wires 202 may be laid down directly on X- plane insulated conducting wires 200 - i.e. there is no provision of an intervening layer between the X-plane and Y-plane insulated conducting wires for the purpose of electrically isolating the insulated conducting wires from each other. As will be understood, the provision of such a layer in that embodiment is unnecessary because each individual insulated conducting wire is electrically isolated from the other wires by virtue of its insulating coating. Alternatively, if the conducting wires are not individually insulated, they may be separated by insulator patterned on top of the crossover points of the first (say X-plane) conducting wires, before the second (say Y-plane) conductors are laid down.

Figure 2b provides a schematic diagram providing a more detailed view of a multi- touch sensing panel 206 arranged in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The multi-touch sensing panel 206 includes a conducting array layer as explained for example with reference to Figure 2a. The conducting array layer includes the first portion 204 which, as explained above, is positioned within an area of the multi-touch sensing panel 206 which receives a touch input from a user. The conducting array layer 201 also includes the second portion 205 which includes signal lines connected to each insulated conducting wire leading to the termination point. Connected to the termination point is a flexi-tail connector 207. The flexi-tail connector 207 includes a series of connecting leads 209, typically arranged in a flat parallel formation. As will be understood, each connecting lead corresponds to an insulated conducting wire of the conducting array layer. The flexi-tail connector 207 includes a connection point 208 which is secured to the multi-touch sensing panel 206 and includes a plurality of bonds which electrically connect end-points of the signal lines to end-points of the connecting leads. As will be understood, the termination point is not shown in Figure 2a as it is positioned below the connection point 208. At the other end of the flexi-tail connector 207 (not shown) a connector is provided for connecting each connecting lead with a suitable input line of the touch detector unit. Although not shown in Figure 2b, in some examples the multi-touch sensing panel may be connected to more than one flexi-tail connector. For example, the multi- touch sensing panel may be arranged to have one flexi-tail connector for the X-plane conducting wires and another flexi-tail connector for the Y- plane conducting wires. In another example, the X-plane conducing wires and Y-plane conducing wires may be divided into subsets, and the multi-touch sensing panel is arranged such that each subset has its own flexi-tail connector.

The arrangement of the insulated conducting wires shown in Figure 2a is a preferred pattern. However, it will be understood that any suitable arrangement of X-plane and Y-plane electrically isolated conducting wires can be used provided the requisite conducting wires following a non-linear continuous path between pairs of intersection points are provided. Figure 2c provides a schematic diagram showing an example of a conductor array pattern comprising Y-plane 120 and X-plane 122 electrically isolated conducting wires with intersection points 124. Although the Y- plane wires 120 are shown as dotted lines to distinguish them from the X-plane wires 122, it will be understood that the Y-plane wires are actually continuous. As will be understood, the conductor array 210 comprises a number of repeating cells. During the design process, individual cells such as that shown in Figure 2c can be designed and then repeated to produce the required size of conductor array. Typically each repeating cell comprises one or more intersection points. The nonlinear path is arranged to provide a substantially uniform density of coverage of area between the, in this example nine, intersection points, three of which are labelled 124. The non-linear path is serpentine, and in this example has five straight sections. The straight sections lie on a line with a direction different from the directions between closest adjacent pairs of intersection points. In this example, the straight sections lie on the diagonal of the cell defined by the square grid of intersection points. Figure 2d illustrates the intersection 132 between a Y-plane conducting wire 120 and an X-plane conducting wire 122. The intersection point 132 and the serpentine non-linear paths 134 and 136, of the Y-plane and X-plane conducting wires 120 and 122 respectively have a mutual capacitance that is used to sense the presence of a part such as a user's finger or capacitive stylus. Figure 2e illustrates another example of a conductor array pattern arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention. This conductor pattern has straight sections along the abutment of the areas between intersection points. This layout leads to mutual capacitance fringing fields between the intersections similar to that of ITO diamond shapes with their abutting straight edges.

As can be seen from Figures 2a, 2c, 2d and 2e, in examples of the conductor array pattern arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention, some or all of the straight line sections between adjacent intersection points are substantially parallel with each other. As can be seen from Figures 2a, 2c, 2d and 2e, the straight line sections can also be of substantially the same length

Moreover, as mentioned above, in the example shown in Figures 2a, 2c and 2d, the parallel straight line sections lie on lines with a direction different from the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, namely a diagonal of a cell defined by the square grid of intersection points. This is also the case for the arrangement shown in Figure 2e, in which the central straight line sections lie on lines with a first direction different from that between adjacent intersection points, and the straight line sections along the abutment of the areas between intersection points lie on lines with a second direction different from the first direction and different from that between adjacent intersection points.

.As is known in the art, touch sensing electrodes in touch displays are usually positioned and repeated in the same directions as the pixels, e.g. X and Y (horizontal and vertical). This is convenient for mapping touch detection coordinates onto pixel coordinates for programming purposes. This can however lead to Moire patterns being formed.

In the examples shown in Figures 2a, 2c, 2d and 2e, the straight line sections are parallel with each other but arranged to be positioned in a direction different from the direction between adjacent intersection points (as will be understood, the direction between adjacent intersection points is representative of the prevailing direction of the conductors of the conductor array). When the straight line sections are not aligned with the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, for example the X and Y directions, then Moire patterns between the straight line sections and the underlying pixels are avoided. Figure 2f illustrates another example of a conductor array pattern arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention. This conductor pattern has straight line sections that in use are nearly parallel to the pixel lines of a display, thus risking Moire patterns being visible. Furthermore, the tighter radius of curvature of the bends, compare to the other embodiments, may lead to relatively worse adhesion of the wire to the adhesive during its laying down.

Figure 3 provides a schematic diagram of a cross section of an insulated conducting wire arranged in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The insulated conducting wire comprises a conductive core 301 comprising, for example, a metallic conductor such as copper, nickel, tungsten and an insulating coating 302 comprising an insulating material such as polyurethane, polyester, polyesterimide or polyimide. Any suitable material can be used for the insulating coating providing it is flexible enough to withstand the manufacturing process and can be melted off at a suitable temperature to allow the conductive core to be bonded to the flexi-tail connector. In some examples a dye is added to the insulating material to reduce the reflectivity of the insulated conducting wires when they are in situ in a multi-touch sensing panel. This can have the effect of reducing the perceptibility of the insulated conducting wires, particularly in certain conditions such as under direct sunlight. As set out below, in some examples a lubricant is applied to the surface of the insulated conducting wires to reduce a likelihood of breakages when it is being fixed to a surface.

The conductive core need not be made from a single metallic conductor. In some examples the conductive core may comprise a first metallic conductor plated with a second metallic conductor. For example the conductive core may comprise a gold- plated tungsten core.

The dimensions of the insulated conducting wire, the conductor and coating of which it is comprised can be any suitable dimensions determined, for example, by the desire to reduce perceptibility of the conductor array layer balanced with other factors such as manufacturing constraints (e.g. if the insulated conducting wires are too fine then they are prone to break during manufacture). In some embodiments, the insulated conducting wire comprises a metallic core of diameter between 8μηι to 18μηι with an insulating coating of thickness 3μηι ίο4μηι. It has been found that insulated conducting wires so arranged are small enough to provide minimised perceptibility whilst being of sufficient size to be of the required robustness during manufacturing of the multi-touch sensing panel using the manufacturing techniques described below.

In some examples, insulated conducting wires with a conductive core with a diameter towards the larger end of the range are chosen for larger sized multi-touch sensing panels to reduce a likelihood that the insulated conducting wires will snap during manufacture (larger scale multi-touch sensing panels may require longer continuous lengths of the insulated conducting wire to be laid down which increase the chance of breakage during manufacture). For example, for multi-touch sensing panels of a width near to or greater than 1000mm, an insulated conducting wire with a conductive core made from copper and with a diameter of 18μηι.

On the other hand, in some examples where minimising the perceptibility of the appearance of the insulated conducting wires is of higher importance and where the manufacturing of the multi-touch sensing panel is less likely to lead to breakage of the insulated conducting wire (e.g. for smaller scale multi-touch sensing panels), insulated conducting wires with conductive cores of a smaller diameter are chosen. For example, insulated conducting wires with a tungsten core of a diameter of 5μηι to ΙΟμηι can be used for multi-touch sensing panels with smaller dimensions (for example of a width less than 500mm) and which are part of a touch sensing display likely to be viewed closely or for a prolonged period of time by a user. In some examples, such multi-touch sensing panels with smaller dimensions can include insulated conducting wires made from copper with a diameter of ΙΟμηι.

Typically, for ease of manufacture each insulated conducting wire will include the insulating coating 302 along its entire length. However, it will be understood that it is only necessary to provide the insulating coating on sections of the insulated conducting wire that need electrically isolating from other components of the multi- touch sensing panel.

Figure 4 provides a schematic diagram of a multi-touch sensing panel 401 arranged in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The multi-touch sensing panel 401 includes a conductor array layer 402 comprising insulated conducting wires arranged, for example, as shown in Figure 2, and positioned on an adhesive layer 403, on which the conductor array layer 402 is secured. The adhesive layer can be any suitable transparent adhesive such as pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) or optically clear adhesive (OCA) that are known in the art. The multi-touch sensing panel 401 also includes a protective backing layer 404, comprising, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, and a protective substrate positioned 405 on the adhesive layer.

As will be understood, the protective substrate 405, adhesive layer 403 and the protective backing layer are all substantially transparent.

The protective substrate 405 can be made from any suitable transparent material such as polycarbonate, glass, acrylic or PET. The protective substrate 405 is typically the layer that is exposed for users to touch.

The signal lines and the termination point described above with reference to Figure 2 are not shown in the schematic diagram of the multi-touch sensing panel shown in Figure 4, however, it will be understood that these components are typically incorporated as part of the multi-touch sensing panel.

Figure 5 provides a schematic diagram illustrating a technique that can be used to manufacture the conductor array layer for multi-touch sensing panels in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

A base layer 501 comprising a protective substrate 501a and an adhesive layer 501b is positioned within a wire plotting apparatus 502. The plotting apparatus 502 includes a wire deploying head 503 which can move over the surface of the adhesive layer 501b laying down wire, such as the insulated conducting wires described above. As wire emerging from the wire deploying head 503 contacts the adhesive of the adhesive layer 501b, it is fastened into position. A spool of wire 504 dispenses wire as it is fastened to the adhesive layer 501b by the wire deploying head 503. To create a conductor array such as the conductor array shown in Figure 2, the spool of wire 504 feeds insulated conducting wire into the wire deploying head 503 which lays down insulated conducting wire for one of the X-group or Y-group wires, and then, on top of this, lays down insulated conducting wire for the other of the X-group or Y-group wires. In some examples a lubricant is applied to the surface of the insulated conducting wire in the spool to reduce the likelihood of breakages as the wire is deployed from the spool. Once all the insulated conducting wire has been laid down and fixed to the adhesive layer 501b, the necessary cuts are made to form each individual insulated conducting wire. The cutting can be done by hand; or can be done by fixing a cutting tool to the wire deploying head, or can be done by using any other suitable technique.

The plotting apparatus 502 is controlled by a computer 505. The computer 505 is programmed to control the plotting apparatus 502 to lay down the insulated conductor wires to form a conductor array layer as specified in a computer aided design (CAD) file 506. As will be understood, in order to change some aspect of the conductor array (for example size, shape, array pattern and so on), all that is necessary is to use a different and/or adapted CAD file.

As described above, the protective substrate 501a can be made from any suitable transparent material such as polycarbonate, glass, acrylic, PET and so on.

Once the conductor array layer has been formed on the adhesive layer 501b a protective layer is then added on top of the conductor array layer. This protective layer is typically a PET film. As will be understood, the protective substrate 501a will typically form the outer surface of the multi-touch sensing panel that is touched by the user.

Figure 6 provides a schematic diagram illustrating components of a touch detector unit 601 arranged in accordance with embodiments of the invention. The touch detector unit 601 is connected to a multi-touch sensing panel 602 comprising X- plane and Y-plane insulated conducting wires as described above via flexi-tail connector (not shown).

The touch detector unit 601 includes a level generation circuit 603 that generates a voltage pulse signal which is input to a multiplexer 604 connected, via the flexi-tail connector, to the X-plane insulated conducting wires of the multi-touch sensing panel 602. The multiplexer 604 selects one of the X-plane insulated conducting wires and sends the voltage pulse signal generated by the level generation circuit 603 to the selected X-plane insulated conducting wire. As explained above, energy from the voltage pulse signal is transferred to the Y-plane insulated conducting wires of the multi-touch sensing panel 602 by capacitive coupling.

The Y-plane insulated conducting wires are connected via the flexi-tail connector to one of a number of multiplexers A, B, C in a multiplexer array 605. Each multiplexer is connected to a receive circuit 606a, 606b, 606c. On the transmission of a voltage pulse signal on an X-plane insulated conducting wire, each multiplexer of the multiplexer array 605 is arranged to connect each Y-plane insulated conducting wire to which it is connected to the receive circuit 606a, 606b, 606c to which it is connected. The order in which the Y-plane insulated conducting wires are connected to the receive circuits 606a, 606b, 606c can be in any suitable order. In one example the level generation circuit 603 and multiplexer 604 sequentially send a voltage pulse signal on each X-plane conducting wire Xi to Xs whilst each multiplexer of the multiplexer array 605 connects a first input Ai, Bi Ci to the corresponding receive circuits 606a, 606b, 606c. The level generation circuit 603 and multiplexer 604 then sequentially send a voltage pulse signal on each X-plane conducting wire Xi to Xs whilst each multiplexer of the multiplexer array 605 connects to a second input A₂, B₂ C₂ to the corresponding receive circuits 606a, 606b, 606c. The level generation circuit 603 and multiplexer 604 then sequentially send a voltage pulse signal on each X-plane conducting wire Xi to Xs whilst each multiplexer of the multiplexer array 605 connects a third input A3 B3 C3 to the corresponding receive circuits 606a, 606b, 606c. In this way a complete scan of the multi-touch sensing panel is performed.

As will be understood, although the multi-touch sensing panel 602 shown in Figure 6 only includes 8 X-plane insulated conducting wire and 9 Y-plane insulated conducting wires, in most implementations there will be many more X-plane and Y- plane conducting wires (for example 80 X-plane insulated conducting wires and 48 Y-plane conducting wires). Accordingly it will be understood that in most implementations, each multiplexer of the multiplexer array 605 will have more than three Y-plane insulated conducting wire inputs and that the multiplexer 604 will have more than 8 output connections to X-plane insulated conducting wires.

Each receive circuit 606a, 606b, 606c comprises an amplifier 607, a peak detector 608, peak detector charge and discharge switches 609, 610 and an analogue to digital convertor 611.

When a receive circuit receives a voltage pulse signal, the signal is first amplified by the amplifier 607. The peak detector charge switch 609 is closed and the peak detector discharge switch 610 is opened and charge is collected by the peak detector 608. The peak detector charge switch 609 is then opened and the charge collected by the peak detector 608 is input to the analogue to digital convertor 611. The analogue to digital convertor 611 outputs a digital value corresponding to the voltage peak on the Y-plane insulated conducting wire. This is received by a microprocessor 612. The peak detector discharge switch 610 is then closed and the charge in the peak detector 608 is discharged. The peak detector charge and discharge switches 609, 610 are then re-set ready for the voltage pulse signal from the next Y-plane insulated conducting wire.

This process continues until the voltage pulse signal on each Y-plane insulated conducting wire has been measured and output as a digital value to the microprocessor 612. The multiplexer 604 then connects the level generation circuit 603 to the next X-plane insulated conducting wire. This process continues until a digital value has been sent to the microprocessor 612 for all of the intersection points of the multi-touch sensing panel 602.

Once all the digital values corresponding to the voltage pulse on each Y-plane insulated conducting wire have been input to the microprocessor 612, the microprocessor converts these values into a suitable format and then outputs multi- touch data corresponding to detected multiple user touches on the multi-touch sensing panel 602 on an output line 613. In some examples the multi-touch data simply comprises a series of data units, each data unit corresponds to one of the intersection points and includes two data values. A first data value identifies a given intersection point, and a second data value indicates an amount of energy from the voltage pulse that has been capacitively coupled across that particular intersection point.

In some examples the microprocessor performs further processing to refine the data received from the receive circuits. In some examples the microprocessor is arranged to identify which intersection points may have been subject to a user touch and then control the touch detector to perform another series of X-plane conductor pulsing focusing on those particular intersection points.

In some examples the touch detector unit is embodied in a discrete integrated circuit (IC) package. However, it will be understood that in other examples the components and functionality associated with the touch detector unit 601 are distributed within a larger system in any appropriate fashion.

In accordance with some examples of the invention, techniques are provided for producing a non-planar multi-touch sensing panel. Such a multi-touch sensing panel would be suitable for use with a corresponding, non-planar display screen.

Figure 7 provides a schematic diagram of a flexible conductor sheet 701 arranged in accordance with an example of the invention and that can be used to produce a non- planar multi-touch sensing panel.

The flexible conductor sheet 701 comprises a conductor array layer 702 positioned on an adhesive layer 704.

The flexible conductor sheet 701 further comprises a first protective film layer 703 positioned adjacent the conductor array layer 702 and a second protective film layer 705 positioned adjacent the adhesive layer 704. In some examples the first and second protective film layers 703, 705 each comprise a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. As will be understood the conductor array layer 702 can be positioned and fixed on the adhesive layer 704 in accordance with the technique described with reference to Figure 5. In such an example, the base layer 501 described with reference to Figure 5 will typically comprise the second protective film layer 705 and the adhesive layer 704.

The conductive core and insulated coating of the insulated conducting wires of the conductor array layer typically comprise a metallic conductor such as copper, nickel or tungsten and with an insulating coating made from any suitable flexible insulating material such as polyurethane, polyester, polyesterimide or polyimide. The insulated conducting wires typically have dimensions as mentioned above with reference to Figure 3.

As will be understood, a conductor array fixed on an adhesive layer as described above is substantially transparent and flexible. In other words the array can be deformed to an extent away from a flat planar configuration without the insulated conducting wires breaking. The provision of the first and second protective layers in the flexible conductor sheet help keep the conductor array in position and protects it whilst it is being manipulated during the manufacturing process. To produce a non-planar multi-touch sensing panel a flexible conductor sheet is laminated onto a non-planar protective substrate such as a transparent polycarbonate, glass or acrylic substrate.

Any suitable technique can be used to laminate the flexible conductor sheet onto the protective substrate. In some examples this is by a rolling technique.

A schematic diagram showing an example of a rolling technique is provided in Figure 8.

Figure 8 shows a roller arrangement comprising a first roller 801 and second roller 802. The rollers are spaced apart by a gap 803. The first and second rollers 801, 802 of the roller arrangement are arranged to rotate in opposite directions. A curved transparent protective substrate 804 (made, for example, from glass, polycarbonate or acrylic) and a flexible conductor sheet 805 (arranged, for example, in accordance with the conductor sheet described with reference to Figure 7) are drawn through the gap 803 between the rollers 801, 802. In one example, the curved transparent protective substrate 804 has an adhesive (such as PSA or OCA) previously applied to its inner surface 806. As the curved transparent protective substrate 804 and the flexible conductor sheet 805 are drawn through the gap 803, the flexible conductor sheet 805 is compressed against the curved transparent protective substrate 804 and bonded thereto by virtue of the adhesive on the inner surface 806 of the curved transparent protective substrate 804.

In other examples the flexible conductor sheet 805 has an adhesive previously applied to its outer surface 807 in addition to, or instead of the adhesive being previously applied to the inner surface 806 of the curved transparent protective substrate 804.

In some examples one or both of the rollers 801, 802 are heated to aid the bonding of the flexible conductor sheet 805 to the curved transparent protective substrate 804.

In some examples the roller arrangement is arranged so that the size of the gap 803 between the rollers 801, 802 can be varied to accommodate different thicknesses of the flexible conductor sheet 805 and the curved transparent protective substrate 804. In some examples in order to pre-apply an adhesive layer to the inner surface 806 of the curved transparent protective substrate 804, the curved transparent protective substrate 804 is passed through the rollers with an adhesive sheet which bonds to the inner surface 806 of the curved transparent protective substrate 804.

Figure 9 provides a schematic diagram of a non-planar multi-touch sensing panel 901 produced in accordance with the technique described with reference to Figure 8 comprising the flexible conductor sheet 805 laminated onto the inner surface of the curved transparent protective substrate 804. The edges of the flexible conductor sheet 805 and the curved transparent protective substrate 804 substantially correspond in Figures 8 and 9 although it will be understood that in some examples, the flexible conductor sheet 805 is smaller in area than the transparent protective substrate 804 and therefore edges of the curved transparent protective substrate 804 will extend beyond the edges of the flexible conductor sheet 805. Moreover, the signal lines and the termination point described above with reference to Figure 2 are not shown in the schematic diagram of the multi-touch sensing panel shown in Figure 9, however, it will be understood that these components are typically incorporated as part of the multi-touch sensing panel.

Figure 10 provides a schematic diagram of the non-planar multi-touch sensing panel 901 described with reference to Figure 9 connected via a flexi-tail connector 1001 to a touch detector unit 1002 and positioned relative to a suitably shaped non- planar display screen 1003. The non-planar display screen 1003 is coupled to and controlled by a display controller 1004. The touch detector unit 1002 is arranged to generate multi-touch data as described above and send this to the display controller 1004.

The term "multi-touch sensing" in the context of a multi-touch sensing arrangements and multi-touch sensing displays generally refers to arrangements and devices including a conductor array of X-plane conductors and Y-plane conductors from which information about multiple user touches can be derived using the mutual capacitance based techniques as described above. However, it will be understood that the term "multi-touch sensing" also refers to touch sensing arrangements that include a conductor array as described above and from which touch information can be derived using the mutual capacitance based techniques but that are adapted to only provide output touch information relating to a single user touch at any one time. For example, multi-touch sensing panel arrangements may be provided as shown in Figure 1 or 10 except that the touch detector unit is adapted to only provide an output corresponding to a single detected user touch. In other words, in the context of the invention "multi-touch sensing" refers to detecting one or more user touches at the same time.

It will be understood that the particular component parts of which the various arrangements described above are comprised are in some examples logical designations. Accordingly, the functionality that these component parts provide may be manifested in ways that do not conform precisely to the forms described above and shown in the diagrams. For example aspects of the invention, particularly the processes running on the touch detector may be implemented in the form of a computer program product comprising instructions (i.e. a computer program) that may be implemented on a processor, stored on a data sub-carrier such as a floppy disk, optical disk, hard disk, EPROM, RAM, flash memory or any combination of these or other storage media, or transmitted via data signals on a network such as an Ethernet, a wireless network, the Internet, or any combination of these of other networks, or realised in hardware as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) or an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or other configurable or bespoke circuit suitable to use in adapting the conventional equivalent device.

Claims

1. A multi-touch sensing panel for a display screen, the panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, for use with a touch detector, said touch detector arranged to detect a user touch by detecting a reduction in energy transferred by capacitive coupling between the conductors that cross at the intersection points, a reduction in capacitively coupled energy detected in a vicinity of a given intersection point corresponding to a user touch detected in the vicinity of that intersection point, wherein

each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors comprises a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points, wherein the non-linear path comprises a plurality of straight sections, each straight section lying on a line with a direction different from directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display, visible Moire interference with the pixel display is diminished, and at least some of the straight sections between adjacent pairs of intersection points are substantially parallel with each other.

2. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrically isolated conductors each comprise a conducting wire individually insulated with an insulating coating.

3. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the plurality of electrically isolated conductors comprise a first group of X-plane conductors and a second group of Y-plane conductors, each intersection point being where an X-plane conductor crosses a Y-plane conductor.

4. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 3, wherein the X-plane conductors are arranged substantially orthogonal to Y-plane conductors.

5. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the plurality of electrically isolated conductors are arranged as a plurality of repeating cells, each cell comprising one or more intersection point.

6. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the non-linear path is arranged to provide a substantially uniform density of coverage of area between the intersection points.

7. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the non-linear path is serpentine.

8. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the plurality of electrically isolated conductors are laid over each other forming a single conductor array layer in the panel.

9. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 8, wherein the panel comprises the conductor array layer positioned on an adhesive layer.

10. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 9, wherein the adhesive layer is positioned adjacent a protective substrate layer.

11. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 10, wherein the protective substrate layer is made from one of glass, polycarbonate, acrylic and polyethylene terephthalate.

12. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a metallic conductor material.

13. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 12, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises any one of copper wire, nickel wire or tungsten wire.

14. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors is of diameter 8μηι to 18μηι.

15. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises tungsten wire of a diameter of 5μηι to ΙΟμηι.

16. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 2 or any of claims 3 to 15, when depending on claim 2, wherein the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a polyurethane, polyester, polyesterimide or polyimide coating.

17. A multi-touch sensing panel according to claim 2 or any of claims 3 to 16, when depending on claim 2, wherein the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors is coating of ίηίΰ1 ΐ6553μηι to 4μηι.

18. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the touch detector is a controller unit arranged to detect a touch in the vicinity of an intersection point by transmitting a pulse on an X-plane conductor and monitoring a corresponding pulse energy on one or more Y-plane conductors, said corresponding pulse arising due to capacitive coupling between the X-plane conductor and the one or more Y-plane conductors, said touch being detected in the vicinity of the intersection point upon the controller unit detecting a reduction in pulse energy on one of the Y-plane conductors, compared to the other Y-plane conductors, said one of the Y-plane conductors crossing the X-plane conductor at the intersection point.

19. A multi-touch sensing panel according to any previous claim, wherein the panel is non-planar and suitable for use with a corresponding non-planar display screen.

20. A multi-touch sensing display comprising a multi-touch sensing panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, a display screen positioned relative to the multi- touch sensing panel and a touch detector, said touch detector arranged to detect a user touch by detecting a reduction in energy transferred by capacitive coupling between the conductors that cross at the intersection points of the multi-touch sensing panel, a reduction in capacitively coupled energy detected in a vicinity of a given intersection point corresponding to a user touch detected in the vicinity of that intersection point, said touch detector arranged to generate multi-touch data for controlling the display screen based on the detected user touch, wherein

each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors of the multi-touch sensing panel comprise a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points, wherein the non-linear path comprises a plurality of straight sections, each straight section lying on a line with a direction different from directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display, visible Moire interference with the pixel display is diminished, and at least some of the straight sections between adjacent pairs of intersection points are substantially parallel with each other.

21. A multi-touch sensing panel arrangement, or multi-touch sensing display substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 to 10 of the accompanying drawings.

22. A method of manufacturing a multi-touch sensing panel for a display screen, the method comprising providing a panel including a plurality of electrically isolated conductors crossing each other at a plurality of intersection points, including forming each of the plurality of electrically isolated conductors by laying out a conducting wire following a non-linear continuous path between a pair of intersection points wherein the non-linear path comprises a plurality of straight sections, each straight section lying on a line with a direction different from directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points, such that when the directions between adjacent pairs of intersection points are aligned with pixel repeat directions of a pixel array of the display screen, visible Moire interference with the pixel display is diminished, and at least some of the straight sections between adjacent pairs of intersection points are substantially parallel with each other.

23. A method according to claim 22, wherein the plurality of conductors are electrically isolated by individually insulating each conducting wire with an insulating coating.

24. A method according to claim 22 or claim 23, including laying out a plurality of electrically isolated conductors that comprise a first group of X-plane conductors and a second group of Y-plane conductors, each intersection point being where an X-plane conductor crosses a Y-plane conductor.

25. A method according to claim 24, including laying out the X-plane conductor substantially orthogonal to Y-plane conductor.

26. A method according to any of claims 22 to 25, including laying out the plurality of electrically isolated conductors as plurality of repeating cells, each cell comprising one or more intersection point.

27. A method according to any of claims 22 to 26, including laying out the nonlinear path to provide a substantially uniform density of coverage of area between the intersection points.

28. A method according to any of claims 22 to 27, wherein the non-linear path is serpentine.

29. A method according to any of claims 22 to 28, wherein the plurality of electrically isolated conductors are laid over each other forming a single conductor array layer in the panel.

30. A method according to claim 29, including providing an adhesive layer, wherein the conductor array layer is positioned on the adhesive layer.

31. A method according to claim 30, including providing a protective substrate layer, wherein the adhesive layer is positioned adjacent the protective substrate layer.

32. A method according to 31, wherein the protective substrate layer is made from one of glass, polycarbonate, acrylic and polyethylene terephthalate.

33. A method according to any of claims 22 to 32, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a metallic conductor material.

34. A method according to any of claims 22 to 33, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises any one of copper wire, nickel wire or tungsten wire.

35. A method according to any of claims 22 to 34, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors is of diameter 8μηι to 18μηι.

36. A method according to any of claims 22 to 34, wherein the conducting wire of the electrically isolated conductors comprises tungsten wire of a diameter of 5μηι to ΙΟμηι.

37. A method according to claim 23 or any of claims 24 to 36, when depending on claim 23, wherein the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors comprises a polyurethane, polyester, polyesterimide or polyimide coating.

38. A method according to claim 23 or any of claims 24 to 37, when depending on claim 23, wherein the insulating coating of the electrically isolated conductors is coating of ίηίΰ1 ΐ6553μηι to 4μηι.