WO2013165272A1

WO2013165272A1 - Power plant for converting energy from air or water flows

Info

Publication number: WO2013165272A1
Application number: PCT/RU2013/000065
Authority: WO
Inventors: Константин Серафимович ПАВЛОВИЧ; Алексей Константинович ПАВЛОВИЧ; Василий Георгиевич ПАВЛОВИЧ; Алексей Александрович ОСТЕРТАГ
Original assignee: Pavlovich Konstantin Serafimovich; Pavlovich Aleksey Konstantinovich
Priority date: 2012-05-02
Filing date: 2013-01-30
Publication date: 2013-11-07
Also published as: RU2492355C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used in wind power plants or in hydraulic power plants for generating electrical energy or for carrying out mechanical work. The power plant comprises a power take-off shaft, to which a vane (1), directed into a flow in the direction of movement thereof, or an aerodynamic profile is kinematically connected via a movable spindle. The shaft is in the form of a crankshaft (5). The vane (1) or aerodynamic profile is connected to the crankshaft (5) by a cord (4). The cord (4) has an auxiliary rear cord and front cord immediately by the vane (1), with the function of limiting the angle of incidence. The power plant comprises a device for controlling the angle of incidence (2) from a minimum level to a maximum level, which device can move the spring-loaded spindle relative to the aerodynamic-force-application centre depending on the direction of movement of the crankshaft (5) and, consequently, on the pressure of the air or water medium. The invention is directed towards simplifying the design, reducing the metal content, increasing the technological effectiveness and reducing the specific cost of a kilowatt-hour of electrical energy generated.

Description

POWER PLANT FOR TRANSFORMING AIR ENERGY

OR WATER FLOWS

DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used in

wind or hydropower plants to generate

electricity or to perform mechanical work [F03B3 / 12, F03B7 / 00, F03B3 / 02].

From the prior art it is known device that converts wind energy into electrical energy with the transfer of mechanical work to the working body, making

oscillatory motion (RU 2142572, IPC F03D5 / 06, publ. 10.12.1999). A disadvantage of the known converter is that it has a complex structure. In addition, to obtain useful work requires a large pressure head of the fluid. Also known is a wind energy converter acting on a tethered

aircraft, with the transfer of mechanical work to the working body,

making an oscillatory motion (RU 2109981, F03D5 / 06, publ. 04/27/1998). The known Converter contains an aircraft that holds the cable, a working body that performs a reciprocating motion, and a mechanism that performs useful work. The known converter allows the use of air flows, usually blowing at altitude. The disadvantage of this solution is the constructive complexity of kinematic relationships. The mechanism for transmitting wind movement to the working body has a complex structure and can quickly fail. A known installation for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, containing a power take-off shaft with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile is connected kinematically through a cable transmission, guided into the stream in the direction of its movement (WO2008034421, publ. 03/27/2008). This decision was made as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this solution is the difficulty of connecting the wing with the power take-off shaft, which leads to the presence of large mechanical losses due to resistance to movement of the cable-block transmission elements. The closest solution (prototype) is patent L1017171 for a method of generating energy through a kite rotating a drum of a generator.

There is no central sling. The wing is attached by two bridles, the length of which is changed using a motor.

In this solution, the angle of attack changes the motor. As a result, there is a need to weight the kite with a motor and a power supply, there is an additional cost of electricity for the operation of the motor.

The motor is controlled by an external control signal (for example, a radio signal) to synchronize the movement of winches (reeling / unwinding the cable) and the wing (changing the angle of attack). As a result, there is a need to have a remote control system for the motor and winches.

The sling is alternately wound and unwound on winches, i.e. with reverse. As a result, the kinematics of the device is significantly complicated, difficulties arise with the conversion of the reverse movement of the winch into unidirectional rotation.

The objective of the invention is to provide a wind energy converter having a relatively simple design, more reliable than the prototype, and capable of converting wind energy directly into the rotational movement of the working body with its subsequent use to generate electricity.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design, reducing metal consumption, increasing manufacturability and, as a result, a sharp decrease in unit cost

kW * hours of electricity generated.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the power plant for

energy conversion of the flow of air or water flows, containing a power take-off shaft, with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile is kinematically connected through the moving axis to the flow in the direction of its movement, characterized in that the power take-off shaft is made in the form of a crankshaft, the wing or aerodynamic profile is connected with this crankshaft by a sling, and directly at the wing of the sling has auxiliary rear and front slings (bridles) with the function of limiting the angle of attack, also contains a device for controlling the angle of attack from the minimum to the maximum level, made with the ability to move the spring-loaded axis relative to the center application of aerodynamic forces depending on the direction of movement of the crankshaft and, as a result, on the pressure of the air or water environment.

These features are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The claimed solution differs from the prototype in that the angle of attack changes automatically (without a motor) depending on the position of the crankshaft by the aerodynamic forces acting on the aerodynamic device for controlling the angle of attack. As a result, there is no need to weight the kite with a motor and a power supply, there is no additional cost of electricity for the operation of the motor, i.e., efficiency.

The synchronization of the power take-off shaft (crankshaft) with the wing occurs automatically using the aerodynamic device for controlling the angle of attack located on the wing. As a result, there is no need to have a remote

motor and winch controls.

The sling directly rotates the crankshaft, rotating in one direction. As a result, the kinematics of the device is greatly simplified, there is no difficulty in converting the reverse movement of the winch to unidirectional rotation. The wing is controlled by changing the position of the central sling around the center of application of force (the length of the bridles is fixed). The force of the wind pressure changes in accordance with the movement of the crankshaft (against the wind or in the wind).

In proportion to this wind pressure, the tension of the elastic elements (springs) changes, which displace the axis of the wing attachment to the sling in one direction or another in the groove in accordance with the direction of movement (forward / backward) of the crankshaft. This difference in itself characterizes the design features that determine the difference in principle of action. The invention is illustrated by a specific example, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the above set of features of the required technical result.

In FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 shows a General view of the power plant for various versions of the wing (aerodynamic profile), where 1 - Wing (aerodynamic profile), 2 -

Angle of attack control device (УУУА), 3 - Spacer, 4 - Slings, 5 - Crankshaft, 6 - Axis of rotation.

In FIG. 3 shows an angle of attack control device (ATCM). Unstable neutral position. Any deviation of any parameter leads to a sharp change in the angle of attack in one direction or another, where 7 is the axis that moves freely in the groove and is attached to two springs and to the main sling, 8 is the spring

(stationary), 9 - spring (adjustable), 10 - axis position sensor (for example, magnetic), 11 - spring tightening drive.

Explanations: the angle β is selected from the condition β = 0.5 x (a _max - a _min ), where a is the angle of attack of the wing. For example: extreme angles of attack of the wing a _min = 10 degrees. and _tach = 80 degrees. Then: β = 35 deg. In FIG. 4 shows the beginning of the movement of the wing forward (against the wind) until the angle of attack changes, where 12 is the direction of the crankshaft thrust. The beginning of the movement of the wing forward (against the wind) until the angle of attack changes. The left spring is compressed, and the right one is stretched (due to two factors: mass-inertia of the wing, increase in air pressure in a cubic degree from wind speed). Crankshaft torque occurs on the wing

(direction - 12) counterclockwise. The angle of attack decreases as long as the length of the sagging lower sling (bridle) allows it to tension. As soon as it is pulled, the force of its tension will balance the torque and the change in the angle of attack will stop. The system will become balanced relative to the wing (but the wing itself will have a resultant force moving it forward against the wind behind the crankshaft, but with low resistance).

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the forward movement of the wing (against the wind) after changing the angle of attack. The crankshaft moves counterclockwise and pulls the sling in the direction 12. The lower (rear) bridle is stretched. Wing Angle = a _min . The resulting force of three forces (aerodynamic, tension of the main sling and tension of the auxiliary rear bridle) move the wing behind the crankshaft. In FIG. 6 shows the beginning of the movement of the wing backward (downwind) until the angle of attack changes. Beginning of the second half-period. The crankshaft moves counterclockwise and releases the sling in the - 12 direction. Now the left spring is stretched, and the right one is compressed (due to a decrease in air pressure in a cubic degree of wind speed). Clockwise torque occurs on the wing. The angle of attack increases as long as the length of the sagging upper frenulum allows (before its tension). As soon as it is pulled, the force of its tension will balance the torque and the change in the angle of attack will stop. The system will become balanced relative to the wing (but the wing itself will have the resulting force moving it backward in the wind from the crankshaft. Fig. 7 shows the wing moving backward (in the wind) after changing the angle of attack.

The second half period. The crankshaft moves counterclockwise. The wing pulls the crankshaft with a greater force counterclockwise in the - 12 direction.

The lower (back) bridle is weakened. The angle of attack of the wing = a _max . The force of the wind pressure is maximum at the maximum angle of attack.

In FIG. 8 shows an example of a generator operating in a water stream, similar to working in an air stream. Only for positioning the wing at the desired depth

It is advisable to use an additional float 16, where 13 - auxiliary slings (bridles), 14 - Guide rollers, 15 - main sling, 16 - Float, 17 - Barge.

The invention provides a direct conversion of the oscillatory movements of the wing into the rotational movement of the crankshaft with minimal material consumption and with maximum simplicity and reliability of the design of the power plant.

An energy installation for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows (Fig. 1 - Fig. 2) contains a power take-off shaft 5 with which wing 1 or an aerodynamic profile is kinematically connected to the flow in the direction of its movement. It is possible to use an inflatable wing lighter than air.

The power take-off shaft is made in the form of a crankshaft 5 rotating around axis 6. The wing 1 or the aerodynamic profile is connected to this crankshaft by a sling 4, and the sling is attached to a movable spring-loaded axis, which can move near the point of application of aerodynamic forces. Thus, in one half-cycle, air or water flow does a lot of work (let's call it positive, and in the second half-cycle it does a little, but in the opposite direction (let's call it negative). The total work will be useful work performed by the stream over the period.

The entire power plant can be placed on a platform that rotates about a vertical axis in the direction of the wind with a weather vane. To improve the uniformity of rotation and smoothing shocks on the axis 6, you can position the flywheel. Also on the b axis, you can place any number of elementary (operating on one shaft) power plants in order to increase the total power, improve the uniformity of rotation and smooth out shocks (like cylinders in an engine

internal combustion).

To increase the reliability of work (in particular, to exclude the possibility of touching the rotating parts of the crankshaft with slings, for example, with sharp changes in the wind direction), the slings themselves can be passed through guide rollers (also for water flow, for example, for sea currents).

Thus, the present invention provides the possibility of obtaining power take-off from the energy of a water or air flow of a medium using a simple kinematic design. The present invention is industrially applicable, as it can be manufactured by known technologies.

Claims

FORMULA

An energy installation for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, containing a power take-off shaft, with which a wing or aerodynamic profile is kinematically connected through the moving axis to the stream in the direction of its movement, characterized in that the power take-off shaft is made in the form of a crankshaft, and the wing or the profile is connected with this crankshaft by a sling, and directly at the wing of the sling has auxiliary rear and front slings (bridles) with the function of limiting the angle of attack, also contains a device to control the angle of attack from the minimum to the maximum level, operable to move the spring-loaded center axis relative to the application of aerodynamic forces depending on the direction of the crankshaft and movement as a consequence of air pressure or an aqueous medium.