WO2013027289A1 - 正極材料、正極合剤含有組成物および非水二次電池 - Google Patents
正極材料、正極合剤含有組成物および非水二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013027289A1 WO2013027289A1 PCT/JP2011/069121 JP2011069121W WO2013027289A1 WO 2013027289 A1 WO2013027289 A1 WO 2013027289A1 JP 2011069121 W JP2011069121 W JP 2011069121W WO 2013027289 A1 WO2013027289 A1 WO 2013027289A1
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode material and a positive electrode mixture-containing composition for a non-aqueous secondary battery, and a non-aqueous secondary battery using the positive electrode material or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition.
- non-aqueous secondary batteries that can meet such demands use, for example, a positive electrode using a lithium composite oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and lithium metal.
- a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte (non-aqueous electrolyte solution or the like) in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in an organic solvent are used.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery has a problem that when it is stored at a high temperature, various reactions occur between the non-aqueous electrolyte and the positive electrode active material to generate gas and swell.
- Lithium composite oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , and LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 that are used as positive electrode active materials for non-aqueous secondary batteries are a kind of catalyst, and are not used at high temperatures. It reacts with the water electrolyte to produce a gas, which causes the battery to swell and decrease its capacity.
- Ni (nickel) -containing lithium composite oxides that have attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoints of higher capacity and element reserves are more catalytic than LiCoO 2 that has been generally used so far. It is large, and it is easier to generate gas due to the alkali component remaining at the time of synthesis.
- a lithium composite oxide in which an alkali component remains and a positive electrode mixture containing a conductive additive and a binder are dispersed in a solvent to prepare a slurry-like or paste-like positive electrode mixture-containing composition,
- a positive electrode mixture layer is formed by applying this to one or both sides of a current collector made of a metal foil and drying, the positive electrode mixture-containing composition is easily gelled. Since the pot life of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition is short, this has been a cause of impairing the productivity of the positive electrode, and thus the productivity of the non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a positive electrode material that can constitute a positive electrode mixture-containing composition that has little change with time during positive electrode production and is excellent in productivity.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention capable of achieving the above object is used for a positive electrode of a non-aqueous secondary battery, and comprises a positive electrode active material, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, and at least one of the above compounds It contains at least one of a ring-opened product in which one epoxy group is opened and a polymer of the compound.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is used for a positive electrode of a non-aqueous secondary battery, and includes at least a positive electrode active material, a binder, and two or more epoxy groups. And at least one of a ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound is ring-opened, and a polymer of the compound, and a solvent.
- the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention is a nonaqueous secondary battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode is the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention. It is a thing using the thing.
- a positive electrode material that can constitute a positive electrode mixture-containing composition with little change over time during positive electrode production, and a positive electrode mixture-containing composition with little change over time during positive electrode production and excellent productivity. And a positive electrode material or a positive electrode mixture-containing composition, and can provide a non-aqueous secondary battery that hardly swells during high-temperature storage and has excellent storage characteristics.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of FIG. 1.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention includes at least one of a positive electrode active material, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, a ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound is opened, and a polymer of the compound. Containing.
- the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous secondary battery such as lithium composite oxide mainly contains an alkaline component such as LiOH as an impurity, and this contains a positive electrode mixture used for manufacturing a positive electrode. It causes gelation of the composition (composition including a solvent) or causes swelling when the non-aqueous secondary battery is stored (especially stored at high temperature).
- the positive electrode material of the present invention is prepared by mixing such a positive electrode active material and a compound having two or more epoxy groups, and the compound is an epoxy group in the presence of an alkaline component such as LiOH.
- the ring is opened while taking in the alkali component to form a ring-opened product, or the polymer is formed while taking in the alkali component.
- a stage until a non-aqueous secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode material is completed (a positive electrode material adjustment stage, a positive electrode mixture-containing composition preparation stage using the positive electrode material)
- the total amount of alkali components contained as impurities in the positive electrode active material can be reduced.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention it is possible to suppress the gelation due to the alkaline component derived from the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition prepared using this, In the non-aqueous secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode material, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of swelling caused by an alkaline component during high-temperature storage without causing problems such as deterioration in charge / discharge cycle characteristics. .
- the positive electrode material of the present invention can also be preferably used for a non-aqueous secondary battery that is charged with a battery.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention includes at least a positive electrode active material, a binder, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, and a ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound is opened. And a polymer of at least one of the above compounds and a solvent, and is used for the production of a positive electrode of a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is obtained by mixing the positive electrode material of the present invention with other components, or, similarly to the positive electrode material of the present invention, a positive electrode active material, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, and the like It is prepared by mixing.
- the compound having two or more epoxy groups used in the preparation of the positive electrode material of the present invention or directly used in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition is LiOH contained in the positive electrode active material, etc.
- the epoxy group opens the ring while taking in the alkali component to form a ring-opened product, or forms a polymer while taking in the alkali component.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention a stage until a nonaqueous secondary battery manufactured using the composition is completed (preparation stage of positive electrode mixture-containing composition, positive electrode manufacturing stage, and It is possible to reduce the total amount of alkali components contained as impurities in the positive electrode active material in the non-aqueous secondary battery assembly stage or the like.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention it is possible to suppress gelation due to the alkaline component derived from the positive electrode active material, and it is produced using the positive electrode mixture-containing composition.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery it is possible to suppress the occurrence of swelling caused by an alkali component during high-temperature storage without causing problems such as deterioration of charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention can also be preferably used for a non-aqueous secondary battery that is charged with a battery.
- Examples of the compound having two or more epoxy groups that can be used in the positive electrode material of the present invention and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether, 1,2 : 8,9 diepoxy limonene, 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexene carboxylate and the like.
- Specific product names include the Epolite series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., and the Celoxide series manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries. In the Epolite series, there are 40E, 100E, 200E, 400E, 70P, 200P, 400P, 1500NP, 1600, 80MF, 100MF, 4000, 3002, and the like. In the Ceroxide side series, Celoxide 2021P, 3000, etc. are mentioned.
- the compound having two or more epoxy groups only one of the above examples may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.
- a compound having two or more epoxy groups may be used in combination with a compound having only one epoxy group.
- the polymer is formed in a positive electrode material or a positive electrode mixture-containing composition using a compound having two or more epoxy groups. Therefore, the ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound having two or more epoxy groups according to the positive electrode material of the present invention and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is opened, and two or more epoxy groups
- Examples of the polymer of the compound having a ring structure include ring-opened products and polymers of various compounds exemplified above as compounds having two or more epoxy groups.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention include a compound having two or more epoxy groups, a ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound is opened, and polymerization of the compound It may contain only one of the products, or may contain two or more.
- a positive electrode active material used in the positive electrode material of the present invention and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention a positive electrode active material used in a conventionally known non-aqueous secondary battery such as a lithium secondary battery, That is, an active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions can be given.
- lithium composite oxides More specifically, for example, lithium cobalt oxides such as LiCoO 2 ; lithium manganese oxides such as LiMnO 2 and Li 2 MnO 3 Lithium composite oxide having a layered structure such as LiCo 1-p Ni p O 2 (p ⁇ 0.2); Lithium composite having a spinel structure such as LiMn 2 O 4 , Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 Examples include oxides; lithium composite oxides having an olivine structure such as LiFePO 4 ; oxides obtained by replacing the above oxides with a basic composition and various elements;
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide represented by the following general composition formula (1) can also be used as the positive electrode active material according to the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention.
- Li 1 + x MO 2 (1)
- ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, and M represents a group of two or more elements including at least one element of Mn and Co and Ni, and constitutes M In each element, when the proportions (mol%) of Ni, Mn and Co are a, b and c, respectively, 20 ⁇ a ⁇ 100 and 50 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 100.
- the proportions (mol%) of Ni, Mn and Co are a, b and c, respectively, 20 ⁇ a ⁇ 100 and 50 ⁇ a + b + c ⁇ 100.
- the positive electrode active material only one of the above exemplified lithium composite oxides may be used, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide represented by the general composition formula (1) is likely to be mixed with an alkaline component such as LiOH as an impurity.
- an alkaline component such as LiOH as an impurity.
- gelation is likely to occur, and in a non-aqueous secondary battery using such a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide, for example, swelling is likely to occur during high-temperature storage.
- the positive electrode material and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention even when a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide having a large amount of alkali component is used as the positive electrode active material, the occurrence of the above problems due to the alkali component is good. Can be suppressed. Therefore, in the present invention, when a Ni-containing lithium composite oxide is used as the positive electrode active material, for example, the capacity of a non-aqueous secondary battery can be increased while avoiding the above problem.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide represented by the general composition formula (1) contains an element group M containing Ni and at least one element selected from Mn and Co. Among these, Ni is a component which contributes to the capacity
- the Ni ratio a is a viewpoint of improving the capacity of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide. Therefore, it is preferable to set it as 20 mol% or more, and it is more preferable to set it as 50 mol% or more.
- the Ni ratio a is preferably 97 mol% or less, and more preferably 90 mol% or less.
- the layered structure can be stabilized together with divalent Ni, and the thermal stability of the lithium composite oxide can be improved. Thus, it is possible to configure a safer non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the Mn ratio b is preferably 1 mol% or more. However, if the amount of Mn in the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide is too large, the elution amount of Mn increases with charge / discharge of the battery, and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics tend to decrease. b is preferably 70 mol% or less.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide when Co is present in the crystal lattice, an irreversible reaction occurs from a phase transition of the lithium composite oxide due to Li doping and dedoping during charge / discharge of a non-aqueous secondary battery. Can be relaxed, and the reversibility of the crystal structure of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide can be increased, so that a non-aqueous secondary battery having a long charge / discharge cycle life can be formed.
- the Co ratio c is preferably 1 mol% or more.
- the amount of Co in the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide is too large, the charge / discharge cycle characteristics and thermal stability tend to be reduced by elution of Co, so the Co ratio c is 50 mol% or less. It is preferable.
- the Ni ratio a when the total number of elements in the element group M is 100 mol%, the Ni ratio a, the Mn ratio b, and the Co ratio c
- the total (a + b + c) is preferably 50 mol% or more, and more preferably 60 mol% or more from the viewpoint of ensuring a better capacity.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide may contain only Ni and Mn and / or Co as the element group M in the general composition formula (1).
- elements other than Ni, Mn and Co in the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide for example, At least one selected from Al, Mg, Ti, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sn, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ag, Ta, Nb, Mo, B, P, Zr, W, and Ga It is desirable to contain.
- the sum (a + b + c) of the Ni ratio a, the Mn ratio b, and the Co ratio c is within the range of 100 mol% or less. And a value obtained by subtracting the content of elements other than Co, for example, 97 mol% or less.
- the crystal structure of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide can be stabilized and its thermal stability can be improved, so that the safety is further improved.
- High non-aqueous secondary battery can be configured.
- Al is present at the grain boundaries and surfaces of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide particles, the stability over time and side reactions with the non-aqueous electrolyte can be suppressed, and a longer-life non-aqueous secondary battery can be obtained. Can be configured.
- the Al ratio d is preferably 10 mol% or less.
- the Al ratio d should be 0.02 mol% or more. Is preferred.
- the crystal structure of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide when Mg is present in the crystal lattice, the crystal structure of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide can be stabilized and its thermal stability can be improved, so that the safety is further improved.
- High non-aqueous secondary battery can be configured.
- the irreversible reaction is mitigated by the rearrangement of Mg to the Li site, and Ni-containing lithium composite oxidation Since the reversibility of the crystal structure of the product can be increased, a non-aqueous secondary battery having a long charge / discharge cycle life can be formed.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide when x ⁇ 0 and the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide has a Li-deficient crystal structure, Mg instead of Li becomes a Li site.
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide can be formed in a form that enters a stable compound.
- the capacity in the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide since Mg has little influence on the charge / discharge capacity, if the content in the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide is increased, the capacity may be reduced. Therefore, when Mg is contained in the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide, when the total number of elements in the element group M is 100 mol% in the general composition formula (1) representing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide, The ratio e of Mg is preferably 10 mol% or less. In addition, in order to ensure the above-mentioned effect by containing Mg more satisfactorily, in the general composition formula (1) representing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide, the ratio e of Mg should be 0.02 mol% or more. Is preferred.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxidation is performed in the LiNiO 2 type crystal structure because the crystal structure is stabilized by being disposed in a crystal defect portion such as an oxygen vacancy.
- the reversibility of the reaction of the product is enhanced, and a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be configured.
- the capacity can be increased by using a composite compound in which Ni and Ti are uniformly mixed as a raw material for synthesizing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide.
- the element group in the general composition formula (1) representing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide from the viewpoint of ensuring the above-described effects due to Ti satisfactorily.
- the Ti ratio f is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, and more preferably 0.1 mol% or more.
- the Ti ratio f is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less, and more preferably 5 mol% or less. Is more preferable, and 2 mol% or less is particularly preferable.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide when an alkaline earth metal such as Ca, Sr, or Ba is contained in the particles, the growth of primary particles is promoted, and the crystallinity of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide is improved. Side reactions with the non-aqueous electrolyte are suppressed, and the non-aqueous secondary battery is less likely to swell during high-temperature storage.
- Ba is particularly suitable as the alkaline earth metal.
- the proportion g of the alkaline earth metal selected from Ca, Sr and Ba is 10 mol. % Or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less, still more preferably 3 mol% or less.
- the capacity can be increased by using a composite compound in which Ni and Fe are uniformly mixed as a raw material for synthesizing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide.
- the Fe ratio h in the general composition formula (1) representing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide, when the total number of elements in the element group M is 100 mol%, the Fe ratio h Is preferably 0.01 mol% or more. However, when the Fe content is increased, divalent Fe is likely to be generated, the capacity may be decreased, or the discharge potential may be decreased, and the energy density of the nonaqueous secondary battery may be decreased. Therefore, in the general composition formula (1) representing the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide, the Fe ratio h needs to be 50 mol% or less, preferably 40 mol% or less, and preferably 20 mol% or less. More preferred.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide may not contain any element other than Ni, Mn and Co as an element related to the element group M.
- the elements exemplified above as elements other than Ni, Mn and Co may be used. One or more of them may be contained.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide having the above composition has a large true density of 4.55 to 4.95 g / cm 3 and is a material having a high volume energy density.
- the true density of the lithium composite oxide containing Mn in a certain range varies greatly depending on its composition, but it is considered that it can be stably synthesized in the narrow composition range as described above and has a large true density as described above. It is done.
- capacitance per mass of Ni containing lithium complex oxide can be enlarged, and it can be set as the material excellent in reversibility.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide has a higher true density especially when the composition is close to the stoichiometric ratio.
- ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ It is preferable to set the value to 0.5, and the true density and reversibility can be improved by adjusting the value of x in this way.
- x is more preferably ⁇ 0.1 or more and 0.3 or less.
- the true density of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide may be set to a higher value of 4.4 g / cm 3 or more. it can.
- the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide includes Li-containing compounds and Ni-containing compounds, as well as Mn-containing compounds, Co-containing compounds, Al-containing compounds, Mg-containing compounds, Ti-containing compounds, Ba compounds, and Fe-containing compounds. It can synthesize
- Ni-containing lithium composite oxide with higher purity, for example, Mn, Co, Al, Mg, Ti, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sn, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ag , Ta, Nb, Mo, B, P, Zr, W, Ga, and the like, and a composite compound containing Ni and a compound (coprecipitation compound containing these elements, hydrothermally synthesized compound) It is preferable to use a mechanically synthesized compound and a compound obtained by heat-treating them. As such a complex compound, a hydroxide or an oxide containing the above element is preferable.
- the conditions for firing the mixture of raw material compounds may be, for example, a temperature of 600 to 1000 ° C. and a time of 1 to 24 hours.
- the material mixture When firing the raw material mixture, rather than raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature at once, the material mixture is once heated to a temperature lower than the firing temperature (for example, 250 to 850 ° C.) and held at that temperature for about 0.5 to 30 hours. It is preferable to carry out preliminary heating, and then raise the temperature to the firing temperature to advance the reaction, and it is preferable to keep the oxygen concentration in the firing environment constant. Thereby, the homogeneity of the composition of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide can be further increased.
- the firing temperature for example, 250 to 850 ° C.
- the firing atmosphere of the raw material mixture may be an atmosphere containing oxygen (that is, in the air), a mixed atmosphere of an inert gas (argon, helium, nitrogen, etc.) and oxygen gas, an oxygen gas atmosphere, or the like.
- the oxygen concentration (volume basis) at that time is preferably 15% or more, and more preferably 18% or more.
- the flow rate of the gas during firing of the raw material mixture is preferably 2 dm 3 / min or more per 100 g of the mixture. If the gas flow rate is too small, that is, if the gas flow rate is too slow, the homogeneity of the composition of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide may be impaired. In addition, it is preferable that the flow rate of the gas at the time of firing the raw material mixture is 5 dm 3 / min or less per 100 g of the mixture.
- the dry-mixed mixture may be used as it is.
- the raw material mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as ethanol to form a slurry and mixed for about 30 to 60 minutes using a planetary ball mill or the like. It is preferable to use a dried product, and the homogeneity of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide to be synthesized can be further improved by such a method.
- the amount of the Ni-containing lithium composite oxide represented by the general composition formula (1) in the total amount of the positive electrode active material is preferably 20 to 100% by mass.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by mixing a positive electrode active material and a compound having two or more epoxy groups as described above. During this preparation, some or all of the compounds having two or more epoxy groups may react with the alkali component in the positive electrode active material to form a ring-opened product or a polymer.
- the mixing of the positive electrode active material and the compound having two or more epoxy groups is, for example, a method of mechanically stirring and mixing the positive electrode active material and the compound having two or more epoxy groups; A method in which a solution obtained by dissolving a compound having a solvent in a solvent is sprayed on the positive electrode active material can be employed.
- a solution obtained by dissolving a compound having a solvent in a solvent is sprayed on the positive electrode active material.
- the solution is dried after spraying the solution onto the positive electrode active material as necessary.
- Solvents that dissolve compounds having two or more epoxy groups include water; ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.), alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol), toluene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) ) And other organic solvents can be used.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention can be used for preparing the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention includes at least a positive electrode active material, a binder, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, and a ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound is opened. , And a polymer of at least one of the compounds and a solvent, the positive electrode active material, the compound having two or more epoxy groups, and at least one epoxy group of the compound is ring-opened.
- the positive electrode material of the present invention may be used for at least one of the ring-opened product and the polymer of the compound.
- a positive electrode active material In the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention, a positive electrode active material, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, a ring-opened product in which at least one epoxy group of the compound is opened, and a polymer of the compound
- the positive electrode active material and the compound having two or more epoxy groups may be used without being mixed in advance (that is, without using the positive electrode material of the present invention).
- the compound having two or more epoxy groups reacts with an alkali component contained in the positive electrode active material, Can be expected. However, it is more effective to prepare the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention using the positive electrode material of the present invention.
- any of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin can be used as long as it is chemically stable in the non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the binder include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), PVDF, polyhexafluoropropylene (PHFP), styrene butadiene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoro.
- Ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer FEP
- FFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
- Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene copolymer propylene-tetrafluoro Ethylene copolymer
- ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
- ECTFE vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- fluorine resins such as PVDF, PTFE, and PHFP are preferable.
- a copolymer formed by may be used.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention may contain a conductive additive as necessary.
- the conductive additive that can be used in the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is not limited as long as it is chemically stable in the non-aqueous secondary battery. Specifically, for example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.
- Graphite, acetylene black, ketjen black (trade name), channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black and other carbon blacks; carbon fibers, metal fibers and other conductive fibers; aluminum powders and other metal powders; Carbon; zinc oxide; conductive whisker made of potassium titanate, etc .; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., and these may be used alone. Two or more kinds may be used in combination. Among these, highly conductive graphite and carbon black excellent in liquid absorption are preferable. Further, the form of the conductive auxiliary agent is not limited to primary particles, and secondary aggregates and aggregated forms such as chain structures can also be used. Such an assembly is easier to handle.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition is made into a slurry or paste.
- the binder may be dissolved in a solvent.
- a positive electrode active material, a binder, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, and a conductive additive used as necessary are mixed in advance (in addition,
- the positive electrode material of the present invention may be used in place of the positive electrode active material and the compound having two or more epoxy groups, and the same applies to the preparation of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition), and a solvent is added to this mixture.
- further mixing a method of directly mixing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a compound having two or more epoxy groups, a conductive aid used as necessary, and a solvent; Can be adopted.
- the amount of the compound having two or more epoxy groups is selected from the viewpoint of favorably securing the above-mentioned effects due to its use. It is preferable to set it as 0.01 mass part or more with respect to 100 mass parts of substances, and it is more preferable to set it as 0.1 mass part or more.
- the amount of the compound having two or more epoxy groups used for the preparation of the positive electrode material or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition is too large, the positive electrode obtained using these positive electrode material and positive electrode mixture-containing composition
- the amount of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer (described later) is reduced, and the charge / discharge reaction is inhibited by excessive adhesion of the compound, the ring-opened product, and the polymer thereof on the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the capacity of the non-aqueous secondary battery may be reduced. Therefore, in preparing the positive electrode material of the present invention and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention, the amount of the compound having two or more epoxy groups is 3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. Preferably, the amount is 1 part by mass or less.
- the amount of the binder in the positive electrode mixture layer of the positive electrode obtained by using the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is such that the positive electrode active material (positive electrode material) and the conductive auxiliary agent are stabilized.
- it is preferably 0.03 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. Therefore, in preparing the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the amount of the binder to the above value.
- the amount of the conductive auxiliary in the positive electrode mixture layer of the positive electrode obtained by using the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture containing composition of the present invention is only required to be able to ensure good conductivity and liquid absorption,
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. Therefore, in preparing the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention, when using a conductive additive, it is preferable to adjust the amount to the above value.
- the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode uses the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention. .
- a positive electrode mixture layer formed using the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is provided on one or both surfaces of the current collector. Can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention is applied to the surface of the current collector and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer. It can manufacture through the process of adjusting the thickness and density of a layer.
- the positive electrode according to the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention only needs to use the positive electrode material of the present invention or the positive electrode mixture-containing composition of the present invention, and may be produced by a method other than the above method.
- the material for the current collector of the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductor that is chemically stable in the non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the material for the current collector of the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductor that is chemically stable in the non-aqueous secondary battery.
- aluminum or aluminum alloy stainless steel, nickel, titanium, carbon, conductive resin, etc.
- aluminum, aluminum alloy, or a composite material in which a carbon layer or a titanium layer is formed on the surface of stainless steel is used.
- aluminum or an aluminum alloy is particularly preferable because it is lightweight and has high electron conductivity.
- the positive electrode current collector for example, a foil, a film, a sheet, a net, a punching sheet, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, a molded body of a fiber group, or the like made of the above-described material is used.
- the surface of the current collector can be roughened by surface treatment.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a substrate lifting method using a doctor blade for example, a substrate lifting method using a doctor blade; a coater method using a die coater, comma coater, knife coater, etc .; screen printing, letterpress printing Printing methods such as: can be adopted.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably 15 to 200 ⁇ m per side of the current collector.
- the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably 2.0 g / cm 3 or more. By setting it as the positive electrode which has such a high-density positive mix layer, a battery of higher capacity
- roll pressing can be performed at a linear pressure of about 1 to 100 kN / cm, and by such treatment, a positive electrode mixture layer having the above density can be obtained.
- the density of the positive electrode mixture layer in the present specification is a value measured by the following method.
- the positive electrode is cut into a predetermined area, its mass is measured using an electronic balance with a minimum scale of 0.1 mg, and the mass of the current collector is subtracted to calculate the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the total thickness of the positive electrode was measured at 10 points with a micrometer having a minimum scale of 1 ⁇ m, and the volume of the positive electrode mixture layer was calculated from the average value obtained by subtracting the thickness of the current collector from these measured values and the area. To do. Then, the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is calculated by dividing the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer by the volume.
- a lead body for electrical connection with other members in the battery may be formed on the positive electrode according to a conventional method.
- the negative electrode according to the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention for example, one having a structure in which a negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material, a binder or the like is provided on one side or both sides of a current collector can be used.
- negative electrode active materials examples include graphite (natural graphite; artificial graphite obtained by graphitizing graphitized carbon such as pyrolytic carbons, mesophase carbon microbeads, and carbon fibers at 2800 ° C. or higher), pyrolytic carbons, coke , Glassy carbons, organic polymer compound fired bodies, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, activated carbon, and other carbon materials that can occlude and release lithium ions; elements that can be alloyed with lithium (Si, Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, In, etc.), materials containing these elements (alloys, oxides, etc.); lithium and lithium alloys (lithium / aluminum, etc.), etc. can be used.
- graphite an element that can be alloyed with lithium, or a material containing these elements is preferable in that a battery having a higher capacity can be formed.
- SiO y As a material containing an element that can be alloyed with lithium, a material containing Si and O as constituent elements (provided that the atomic ratio of O to Si is 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.5. Is referred to as “SiO y ”).
- the SiO y may contain a microcrystalline or amorphous phase of Si.
- the atomic ratio of Si and O is a ratio including Si microcrystalline or amorphous phase Si. That is, SiO y includes a structure in which Si (for example, microcrystalline Si) is dispersed in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix, and the amorphous SiO 2 is dispersed therein. In combination with Si, it is sufficient that the atomic ratio y satisfies 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.5.
- SiO y is because low conductivity, for example, the surface of the SiO y may be used coated with carbon, thereby the conductive network in the negative electrode, it is possible to more satisfactorily formed.
- the carbon for coating the surface of SiO y for example, low crystalline carbon, carbon nanotube, vapor grown carbon fiber, or the like can be used.
- the hydrocarbon gas is heated in the gas phase, the carbon generated by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gas, in the method [vapor deposition (CVD)] to deposit on the surface of the SiO y particles, SiO y
- CVD vapor deposition
- the hydrocarbon-based gas spreads to every corner of the SiO y particle, and a thin and uniform film containing carbon having conductivity (carbon coating layer) on the surface of the particle and in the pores of the surface. )
- toluene, benzene, xylene, mesitylene and the like can be used, but toluene that is easy to handle is particularly preferable.
- a hydrocarbon-based gas can be obtained by vaporizing them (for example, bubbling with nitrogen gas).
- methane gas, ethylene gas, acetylene gas, etc. can also be used.
- the processing temperature of the CVD method is preferably 600 to 1200 ° C., for example. Further, SiO y subjected to CVD method is preferably granulated material was granulated by a known method (composite particles).
- the amount of carbon is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more with respect to SiO y : 100 parts by mass, and 95 The amount is preferably at most part by mass, more preferably at most 90 parts by mass.
- SiO y Since SiO y has a large volume change due to charge / discharge of the battery, in a battery using a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer using only this as a negative electrode active material, deterioration due to expansion / contraction of the negative electrode accompanying charge / discharge occurs. It is easy to cause deterioration of charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Therefore, in order to avoid such problems, it is preferable to use SiO y and graphite in combination with the negative electrode active material. This makes it possible to maintain high charge / discharge cycle characteristics while suppressing the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode accompanying charge / discharge of the battery while increasing the capacity by using SiO y .
- the proportion of SiO y in the total amount of the negative electrode active material is 0.5% by mass or more from the viewpoint of favorably securing the effect of increasing the capacity by using SiO y.
- the content is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- binder for the negative electrode mixture layer examples include fluororesins such as PVDF, PTFE, and PHFP; synthetic rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and nitrile rubber (NBR) and natural rubbers; carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Celluloses such as methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC); ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer and the like Acrylic resins such as crosslinked copolymers, amides such as polyamide, polyamideimide, and poly N vinylacetamide; polyimides; polyacrylic acid; polyacrylic acid sulfonic acids; polysaccharides such as chitansan gum and guar gum;
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain the conductive aid exemplified above as usable in the positive electrode mixture layer, if necessary.
- the material of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductor that is chemically stable in the constructed battery.
- a composite material in which a carbon layer or a titanium layer is formed on the surface of copper, copper alloy, or stainless steel can be used.
- copper or a copper alloy is particularly preferable because it is not alloyed with lithium and has high electron conductivity.
- the current collector of the negative electrode for example, a foil, a film, a sheet, a net, a punching sheet, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, a molded body of a fiber group, or the like made of the above materials can be used.
- the surface of the current collector can be roughened by surface treatment.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode is, for example, a paste-like or slurry-like negative electrode mixture-containing composition (binder) in which a negative electrode active material and a binder, and further, if necessary, a negative electrode mixture containing a conductive additive are dispersed in a solvent. May be dissolved in a solvent) on one or both sides of the current collector and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer, and if necessary, press treatment is performed to determine the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer It can be obtained by adjusting the density.
- the negative electrode is not limited to the one obtained by the above production method, and may be one produced by another method.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m per side of the current collector.
- the density of the negative electrode mixture layer measured by the same method as that of the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably, for example, 1.0 to 2.2 g / cm 3 .
- the separator according to the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention has a property (that is, a shutdown function) that the pores are blocked at 80 ° C. or higher (more preferably 100 ° C. or higher) and 180 ° C. or lower (more preferably 150 ° C. or lower).
- a separator used in a normal non-aqueous secondary battery for example, a microporous film made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) can be used.
- the microporous film constituting the separator may be, for example, one using only PE or one using PP, or a laminate of a PE microporous film and a PP microporous film. There may be.
- the separator according to the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention includes a thermoplastic resin [preferably, a melting point of 80 ° C. or higher (more preferably 100 ° C. or higher), 180 ° C. or lower (more preferably 150 ° C. or lower). It is preferable to use a multilayer separator having a porous layer (I) mainly composed of a resin and a porous layer (II) mainly composed of inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher.
- the “melting point” means the melting temperature measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in accordance with the provisions of JIS K 7121.
- heat-resistant temperature is 200 ° C. or higher” means that deformation such as softening is not observed at least at 200 ° C.
- the porous layer (I) relating to the laminated separator is mainly for ensuring a shutdown function, and the melting point of the resin, which is a component in which the nonaqueous secondary battery is the main component of the porous layer (I) When the above is reached, the resin related to the porous layer (I) melts and closes the pores of the separator, thereby causing a shutdown that suppresses the progress of the electrochemical reaction.
- thermoplastic resin that is the main component of the porous layer (I) examples include polyolefins such as PE, PP, and ethylene-propylene copolymer, and the form thereof is used for the non-aqueous secondary battery described above. And a microporous membrane obtained by applying a dispersion containing particles of thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin to a substrate such as a nonwoven fabric and drying.
- the volume of the thermoplastic resin as the main component is 50% by volume or more and 70% by volume or more. It is more preferable.
- the volume of the thermoplastic resin is 100% by volume.
- the porous layer (II) according to the multilayer separator has a function of preventing a short circuit due to direct contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode even when the internal temperature of the non-aqueous secondary battery is increased, Its function is ensured by inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher. That is, when the battery becomes hot, even if the porous layer (I) shrinks, the porous layer (II) that does not easily shrink can cause the positive and negative electrodes directly when the separator is thermally contracted. It is possible to prevent a short circuit due to the contact. Moreover, since this heat-resistant porous layer (II) acts as a skeleton of the separator, the thermal contraction of the porous layer (I), that is, the thermal contraction of the entire separator itself can be suppressed.
- the inorganic fine particles related to the porous layer (II) have a heat-resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or more, are stable to the nonaqueous electrolyte of the battery, and are electrochemically stable that are not easily oxidized or reduced in the battery operating voltage range. Any material may be used, but alumina, silica and boehmite are preferable. Alumina, silica, and boehmite have high oxidation resistance, and the particle size and shape can be adjusted to the desired numerical values, making it easy to accurately control the porosity of the porous layer (II). It becomes.
- the inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher for example, those exemplified above may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher related to the porous layer (II) is too small, the ion permeability is lowered, so that it is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more. More preferably, it is 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle diameter is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the inorganic fine particles referred to in this specification is, for example, an average particle size D measured by dispersing fine particles in a medium using a laser scattering particle size distribution meter (for example, “LA-920” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). 50% .
- the amount in these porous layers (II) Total volume of constituents of (II) [total volume excluding voids. The same applies to the amount of the component contained in the porous layer (II). ], It is preferably 50% by volume or more, preferably 70% by volume or more, more preferably 80% by volume or more, and still more preferably 90% by volume or more.
- the amount of inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher in the porous layer (II) is determined as follows. ) Is preferably 99.5% by volume or less in the total volume of the constituent components.
- an organic binder is used for binding inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or more, or for integrating the porous layer (II) and the porous layer (I). It is preferable to contain.
- Organic binders include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA, structural units derived from vinyl acetate of 20 to 35 mol%), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers such as ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, fluorine-based binders Examples include rubber, SBR, CMC, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), cross-linked acrylic resin, polyurethane, and epoxy resin.
- a heat-resistant binder having a heat-resistant temperature is preferably used.
- the organic binder those exemplified above may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- highly flexible binders such as EVA, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, fluorine rubber, and SBR are preferable.
- highly flexible organic binders include “Evaflex Series (EVA)” by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd., EVA by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd., “Evaflex-EEA Series (Ethylene) by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd.
- the organic binder when used for the porous layer (II), it can be used in the form of an emulsion dissolved or dispersed in the solvent for the composition for forming the porous layer (II) described later. Good.
- the multilayer separator is composed of a porous layer (II) -forming composition (slurry or the like) containing inorganic fine particles having a heat-resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, and a fine layer for forming the porous layer (I). It can be produced by coating the surface of the porous film and drying it at a predetermined temperature to form the porous layer (II).
- the composition for forming the porous layer (II) contains inorganic fine particles having a heat-resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and, if necessary, an organic binder and the like, and these are dispersed in a solvent (including a dispersion medium; the same applies hereinafter). It has been made.
- the organic binder can be dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent used in the composition for forming the porous layer (II) is not particularly limited as long as it can uniformly disperse the inorganic fine particles and can uniformly dissolve or disperse the organic binder.
- Common organic solvents such as hydrocarbons, furans such as tetrahydrofuran, and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone are preferably used.
- alcohols ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.
- various propylene oxide glycol ethers such as monomethyl acetate may be appropriately added to these solvents.
- water may be used as a solvent.
- alcohols methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, etc.
- the composition for forming the porous layer (II) preferably has a solid content including, for example, inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, and an organic binder, for example, 10 to 80% by mass.
- the porous layer (I) and the porous layer (II) do not have to be one each, and a plurality of layers may be present in the separator.
- a configuration in which the porous layer (I) is disposed on both sides of the porous layer (II) or a configuration in which the porous layer (II) is disposed on both sides of the porous layer (I) may be employed.
- increasing the number of layers may increase the thickness of the separator and increase the internal resistance of the battery or decrease the energy density. Therefore, it is not preferable to increase the number of layers.
- the total number of the porous layers (I) and (II) is preferably 5 or less.
- the thickness of the separator (a separator made of a microporous membrane made of polyolefin, or the laminated separator) according to the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, for example.
- the thickness of the porous layer (II) [when the separator has a plurality of porous layers (II), the total thickness] is determined by each of the functions of the porous layer (II). From the viewpoint of exhibiting more effectively, it is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more. However, if the porous layer (II) is too thick, the energy density of the battery may be lowered. Therefore, the thickness of the porous layer (II) is preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous layer (I) [when the separator has a plurality of porous layers (I), the total thickness thereof. same as below. ] Is preferably 6 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of more effectively exerting the above-described action (particularly shutdown action) by using the porous layer (I).
- the porous layer (I) is too thick, there is a possibility that the energy density of the battery may be lowered.
- the force that the porous layer (I) tends to shrink is increased, and the heat of the entire separator is increased. There is a possibility that the action of suppressing the shrinkage becomes small. Therefore, the thickness of the porous layer (I) is preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 14 ⁇ m or less.
- the porosity of the separator as a whole should be 30% or more in a dry state in order to secure a liquid retention amount of a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte (non-aqueous electrolyte) and improve ion permeability. preferable.
- the separator porosity is preferably 70% or less in a dry state. Note that the porosity of the separator: P (%) can be calculated by calculating the sum of each component i from the thickness of the separator, the mass per area, and the density of the constituent components using the following equation (2).
- a i ratio of component i when the total mass is 1
- ⁇ i density of component i (g / cm 3 )
- m mass per unit area of the separator (g / cm 2 )
- t thickness of separator (cm).
- the porosity of the porous layer (I) can also be obtained using the formula (2).
- the porosity of the porous layer (I) obtained by this method is preferably 30 to 70%.
- the porosity of the porous layer (II) obtained by this method is preferably 20 to 60%.
- the separator preferably has high mechanical strength.
- the puncture strength is preferably 3N or more.
- SiO y having a large volume change due to charge / discharge is used as the negative electrode active material, mechanical damage is also applied to the facing separator due to expansion / contraction of the entire negative electrode by repeating charge / discharge. If the piercing strength of the separator is 3N or more, good mechanical strength is ensured, and mechanical damage to the separator can be reduced.
- Examples of the separator having a puncture strength of 3N or more include the above-described laminated separator, and in particular, the porous layer (I) mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin mainly includes inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or more.
- the porous layer (II) mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin mainly includes inorganic fine particles having a heat resistant temperature of 200 ° C. or more.
- a separator in which the porous layer (II) is laminated is preferred. This is probably because the inorganic fine particles have high mechanical strength, so that the mechanical strength of the entire separator can be increased by supplementing the mechanical strength of the porous layer (I).
- the piercing strength can be measured by the following method.
- a separator is fixed on a plate having a hole with a diameter of 2 inches so as not to be wrinkled or bent, and a semispherical metal pin having a tip diameter of 1.0 mm is lowered onto a measurement sample at a speed of 120 mm / min.
- an average value is calculated
- a solution (non-aqueous electrolyte) in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used.
- the solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- Non-prototypes such as methyl-2-oxazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, diethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone Sex organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- amine imide organic solvents sulfur-containing or fluorine-containing organic solvents, and the like can be used.
- a mixed solvent of EC, MEC, and DEC is preferable, and in this case, it is more preferable that DEC is included in an amount of 15% by volume to 80% by volume with respect to the total volume of the mixed solvent. This is because such a mixed solvent can enhance the stability of the solvent during high-voltage charging while maintaining the low temperature characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the battery high.
- a salt of a fluorine-containing compound such as lithium perchlorate, lithium organic boron, trifluoromethanesulfonate, imide salt, or the like is preferably used.
- electrolyte salt for example, LiClO 4, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, Li 2 C 2 F 4 (SO 3 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC n F 2n + 1 SO 3 (n ⁇ 2), LiN (Rf 3 OSO 2 ) 2 [where Rf Represents a fluoroalkyl group. Etc., and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. Among these, LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 are more preferable because of good charge / discharge characteristics.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt in the solvent is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 1.7 mol / L.
- Additives such as ethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, t-butylbenzene, triethyl phosphate, and triethylphosphonoacetate can be appropriately added.
- the content of vinylene carbonate in the non-aqueous electrolyte used in the battery is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass.
- the negative electrode contains a metal that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si, SiO y , and Sn
- adding a fluorine-containing additive such as fluoroethylene carbonate or difluoroethylene carbonate to the non-aqueous electrolyte improves charge / discharge cycle performance. I can expect.
- a fluorine-containing additive such as fluoroethylene carbonate or difluoroethylene carbonate
- the content of the fluorine-containing additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte used in the battery is 0.1 to 20% by mass. preferable.
- the nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention for example, produces a laminated electrode body in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via the separator, and a wound electrode body in which this is wound in a spiral shape, Such an electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte are sealed and configured in a conventional manner.
- a cylindrical one using a cylindrical (cylindrical or rectangular) outer can a flat type ( A flat shape using a circular or square flat shape can in a plan view, or a soft package type using a metal-deposited laminated film as an outer case.
- the outer can can be made of steel or aluminum.
- Example 1 Preparation of positive electrode material> 100 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 and 0.5 parts by mass of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether are being decompressed with a planetary mixer 30 The positive electrode material was prepared by stirring for a minute.
- a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 and 0.5 parts by mass of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether are being decompressed with a planetary mixer 30
- the positive electrode material was prepared by stirring for a minute.
- NMP was added to 96.8 parts by mass of the positive electrode material, 1.5 parts by mass of PVDF as a binder, and 1.7 parts by mass of acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary agent, and the pressure was reduced using a planetary mixer. Kneaded. NMP was further added to the kneaded product to adjust the viscosity, thereby preparing a positive electrode mixture-containing composition.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition was applied to both sides of an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, dried at 120 ° C., and further vacuum-dried at 120 ° C. for 12 hours, A positive electrode mixture layer was formed on both sides. Thereafter, press treatment was performed to adjust the thickness and density of the positive electrode mixture layer, and a nickel lead body was welded to the exposed portion of the aluminum foil to produce a belt-like positive electrode having a length of 375 mm and a width of 43 mm.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 2: 3: 1, and 2.5% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) was further added.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- the belt-like positive electrode is stacked on the belt-like negative electrode through a microporous polyethylene separator (porosity: 41%) having a thickness of 16 ⁇ m, wound in a spiral shape, and then pressed so as to be flat. It was set as the flat wound electrode body, and this wound electrode body was fixed with the insulating tape made from a polypropylene. Next, the wound electrode body is inserted into a rectangular battery case made of aluminum alloy having an outer dimension of thickness 4.6 mm, width 34 mm, and height 50 mm, and the lead body is welded, and an aluminum alloy lid The plate was welded to the open end of the battery case.
- the electrolyte solution is injected from the injection port provided on the cover plate, and left to stand for 1 hour, after which the injection port is sealed, and the nonaqueous secondary battery having the appearance shown in FIG. Obtained.
- the design electric capacity of the non-aqueous secondary battery was 900 mAh.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view
- FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 2 is spirally wound through the separator 3 and then pressed to form a flat shape to form a flat wound electrode body 6 on a rectangular (square tube) battery case (external can) 4.
- Contained with water electrolyte in FIG. 1, in order to avoid complication, a metal foil, a non-aqueous electrolyte, or the like as a current collector used for manufacturing the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 is not illustrated.
- the battery case 4 is made of an aluminum alloy and constitutes a battery outer body.
- the battery case 4 also serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- An insulator 5 made of a polyethylene sheet is disposed at the bottom of the battery case 4, and is connected to one end of each of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 from the flat wound electrode body 6 made of the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the separator 3.
- the positive electrode lead body 7 and the negative electrode lead body 8 thus drawn are drawn out.
- a stainless steel terminal 11 is attached to a sealing lid plate 9 made of aluminum alloy for sealing the opening of the battery case 4 via a polypropylene insulating packing 10, and an insulator 12 is attached to the terminal 11.
- a stainless steel lead plate 13 is attached.
- the cover plate 9 is inserted into the opening of the battery case 4, and the joint of the two is welded, whereby the opening of the battery case 4 is sealed and the inside of the battery is sealed.
- an electrolyte solution inlet 14 is provided in the lid plate 9, and the electrolyte solution inlet 14 is welded and sealed by, for example, laser welding or the like with a sealing member inserted.
- the sealing property of the battery is ensured (therefore, in the battery of FIGS. 1 and 2, the electrolyte inlet 14 is actually the electrolyte inlet and the sealing member, but the explanation is easy. In order to achieve this, it is shown as an electrolyte inlet 14).
- the lid plate 9 is provided with a cleavage vent 15 as a mechanism for discharging the internal gas to the outside when the temperature of the battery rises.
- the battery case 4 and the cover plate 9 function as positive terminals by directly welding the positive electrode lead body 7 to the cover plate 9, and the negative electrode lead body 8 is welded to the lead plate 13,
- the terminal 11 functions as a negative electrode terminal by conducting the negative electrode lead body 8 and the terminal 11 through the lead plate 13, but depending on the material of the battery case 4, the sign may be reversed. There is also.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the external appearance of the battery shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is shown for the purpose of showing that the battery is a square battery.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a battery, and only specific members of the battery are shown. Also in FIG. 1, the inner peripheral portion of the electrode body is not cross-sectional.
- Example 2 100 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2 and 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexenecarboxylate 1 0.0 part by mass was stirred with a planetary mixer for 30 minutes under reduced pressure to prepare a positive electrode material. Then, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode material was used, and a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode was used.
- a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 O 2 and 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexenecarboxylate 1 0.0 part by mass was stirred with a planetary mixer for 30 minutes under reduced pressure to prepare a positive electrode material. Then, a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this
- Example 3 100 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.00 Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 and 0.5 parts by mass of diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether were reduced by a planetary mixer for 30 minutes. The positive electrode material was prepared by stirring. And the positive electrode was produced like Example 1 except having used this positive electrode material.
- Example 1 except that 50 parts by mass of natural graphite having a number average particle size of 10 ⁇ m and 50 parts by mass of artificial graphite having a number average particle size of 15 ⁇ m were mixed to form a negative electrode active material, and this negative electrode active material was used.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as described above.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery was produced like Example 1 except having used the said positive electrode and the said negative electrode.
- Example 4 100 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.03 Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.025 Mg 0.025 O 2 and 0.7 parts by mass of neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether A positive electrode material was prepared by stirring for 30 minutes under reduced pressure with a mixer. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode material was used. Further, a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that this positive electrode was used.
- Example 5 A planetary mixer comprising 100 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.34 Co 0.34 Mn 0.32 O 2 and 0.4 parts by mass of 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes under reduced pressure to prepare a positive electrode material.
- a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode material was used. Further, a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that this positive electrode was used.
- Example 6 A planetary mixer containing 20 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.03 Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.025 Mg 0.025 O 2 and 0.1 part by mass of tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes under reduced pressure. To this, 80 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.00 Co 0.988 Al 0.005 Mg 0.005 Zr 0.002 O 2 was added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes while decompressing with a planetary mixer. A positive electrode material was prepared. And the positive electrode was produced like Example 1 except having used this positive electrode material.
- SiO average particle size of 5.0 ⁇ m
- a mixed gas of 25 ° C. composed of ethylene and nitrogen gas is brought into contact with the heated particles, and CVD processing is performed at 1000 ° C. for 60 minutes. Went.
- carbon hereinafter also referred to as “CVD carbon” generated by pyrolyzing the mixed gas was deposited on the composite particles to form a coating layer, and a negative electrode material (carbon-coated SiO) was obtained.
- CVD carbon 80: 20 (mass ratio).
- the negative electrode active material is a mixture of natural graphite having a number average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m: 49.0 parts by mass, artificial graphite having a number average particle diameter of 15 ⁇ m: 49.0 parts by mass, and carbon-coated SiO: 2 parts by mass.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for changing to.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 2: 3: 1, and further VC: 2.5% by mass and fluoroethylene carbonate.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolyte were used.
- Example 7 100 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.00 Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 and 1.5 parts by mass of propylene glycol diglycidyl ether were reduced by a planetary mixer 30 The positive electrode material was prepared by stirring for a minute. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode material was used. Further, a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that this positive electrode was used.
- Example 8 96.8 parts by mass of a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , 1.5 parts by mass of PVDF as a binder, and a conductive auxiliary agent NMP was added to 1.7 parts by mass of a certain acetylene black and kneaded in a reduced pressure using a planetary mixer. Thereto, 0.48 parts by mass of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added and further kneaded. Then, NMP was further added here, the viscosity was adjusted, and the positive mix containing composition was prepared. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode mixture-containing composition was used. Further, a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode was used. .
- Comparative Example 1 In place of a positive electrode material prepared using a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.02 Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Li 1.02 Ni 0. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 was used as it was, and a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this positive electrode was used. Produced.
- Comparative Example 2 Instead of a positive electrode material prepared using a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.00 Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 and diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Li 1.00 Ni 0.5 A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 was used as it was, and a nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that this positive electrode was used. did.
- Comparative Example 3 Instead of a positive electrode material prepared using a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.03 Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.025 Mg 0.025 O 2 and neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, Li 1 0.03 Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.025 Mg 0.025 O 2 was used in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the positive electrode was prepared. A non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner.
- Comparative Example 4 A positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.03 Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.025 Mg 0.025 O 2 , and Li 1.00 Co 0.988 Al 0.005 Mg 0.005 Zr 0. Instead of a positive electrode material prepared using a positive electrode active material represented by 002 O 2 and tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Li 1.03 Ni 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.025 Mg 0.025 O 2 : 20 parts by mass and Li 1.00 Co 0.988 Al 0.005 Mg 0.005 Zr 0.002 O 2 : A positive electrode in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a mixture of 80 parts by mass was used. A non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that this positive electrode was used.
- Comparative Example 5 In place of a positive electrode material prepared using a positive electrode active material represented by Li 1.00 Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 and propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Li 1.00 Ni 0. A positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 was used as it was. A nonaqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that this positive electrode was used. Produced.
- compositions of the positive electrode active materials used for the preparation of the positive electrode material used for the positive electrodes of the non-aqueous secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and their mass ratios (Example 6 and Comparative Example 4 only) are shown in Table 1, and Table 2 shows the compounds having two or more epoxy groups used in the preparation of these positive electrode materials and the amount of the compound used relative to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. .
- Table 3 shows the additives used in the water electrolyte.
- ⁇ Stability evaluation of composition containing positive electrode mixture The change with time of the viscosity of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition used for the production of each battery of the examples and comparative examples was measured, and the stability of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition was evaluated based on these.
- the viscosity of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition was measured using a cone plate viscometer under the conditions of 5 rpm and 25 ° C.
- the stability of each positive electrode mixture-containing composition was evaluated by comparing the viscosity immediately after the preparation with the viscosity after storage while rotating at room temperature for 1 week using a mix rotor. Even after storage, the viscosity of the positive electrode mixture-containing composition was maintained within ⁇ 10%, the viscosity maintained after storage was within ⁇ 20%, and the viscosity after storage was 20%. What changed above was evaluated as x.
- a positive electrode material was prepared from a positive electrode active material and a compound containing two or more epoxy groups, and a positive electrode prepared using a positive electrode mixture-containing composition using these positive electrode materials.
- the nonaqueous secondary battery of Example 8 having the positive electrode prepared using the nonaqueous secondary battery of Examples 1 to 7 and the positive electrode mixture-containing composition prepared using a compound containing two or more epoxy groups The battery has good high-temperature storage characteristics with small swelling after a storage test.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing compositions used for the production of the nonaqueous secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 8 had good viscosity stability over time, and the progress of gelation was suppressed. Therefore, it can be said that the nonaqueous secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 8 have good productivity.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing composition used for the production of the non-aqueous secondary batteries of Examples 5 and 6 was particularly stable compared to the positive electrode mixture-containing composition used for the batteries of other examples. It is good. This is thought to be because the Ni content of the positive electrode active material is smaller than that of the positive electrode active material used in the other examples, and the amount of alkali originally present is small.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of Example 8 has the same constituent material as the battery of Example 1, but the swelling after storage is larger than that of Example 1.
- the positive electrode active material and the compound having two or more epoxy groups were mixed together with other components without using the positive electrode material prepared by the positive electrode active material and the compound having two or more epoxy groups.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of Example 7 has a slightly larger swelling during high-temperature storage than the non-aqueous secondary battery of Example 2. This result is considered that the FEC added to the non-aqueous electrolyte increases the swelling.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of Example 6 also has a slightly high temperature storage swell despite the low Ni content of the positive electrode active material used. This is also the same reason as described above for the battery of Example 7. This is considered to be due to this.
- the batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Compared to the non-aqueous secondary battery of the example, the batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 have a large swelling after the storage test, but in these batteries, the amount of internal gas generation was larger than that of the battery of the example. Conceivable.
- the positive electrode mixture-containing compositions used for the production of the batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 showed thickening after storage in the stability evaluation, and gelation proceeded in a short time.
- the non-aqueous secondary battery of the present invention is used for power supplies of various electronic devices such as portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers, and is used for power tools, automobiles, bicycles, power storage, etc. where safety is important. It can also be applied to other uses.
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Abstract
Description
[ただし、-0.5≦x≦0.5であり、かつMは、MnおよびCoのうちの少なくとも1種の元素と、Niとを含む2種以上の元素群を表し、Mを構成する各元素中で、Ni、MnおよびCoの割合(mol%)を、それぞれa、bおよびcとしたとき、20≦a<100、50≦a+b+c≦100である。]
P ={1-(m/t)/(Σai・ρi)}×100 (2)
ここで、前記式中、ai:全体の質量を1としたときの成分iの比率、ρi:成分iの密度(g/cm3)、m:セパレータの単位面積あたりの質量(g/cm2)、t:セパレータの厚み(cm)である。
<正極材料の調製>
Li1.02Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2で表される正極活物質100質量部と、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル0.5質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して、正極材料を調製した。
前記の正極材料96.8質量部と、結着剤であるPVDF1.5質量部と、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック1.7質量部とに、NMPを加えてプラネタリーミキサーを用いて減圧中で混練した。この混練物に更にNMPを加えて粘度を調節して、正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。
負極活物質である数平均粒子径が10μmの天然黒鉛97.5質量部と、結着剤であるスチレンブタジエンゴム1.5質量部と、増粘剤であるカルボキシメチルセルロース1質量部とに、水を加えて混合して負極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。この負極合剤含有ペーストを厚みが8μmの銅箔の両面に塗布し、100℃で風乾した後、120℃で12時間の真空乾燥を行って、銅箔の両面に負極合剤層を形成した。その後、プレス処理を行って、負極合剤層の厚みおよび密度を調節し、銅箔の露出部にニッケル製のリード体を溶接して、長さ380mm、幅44mmの帯状の負極を作製した。
エチレンカーボネートとメチルエチルカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとの容積比2:3:1の混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させ、更に、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)2.5質量%を添加して、非水電解液を調製した。
前記帯状の正極を、厚みが16μmの微孔性ポリエチレンセパレータ(空孔率:41%)を介して前記帯状の負極に重ね、渦巻状に巻回した後、扁平状になるように加圧して扁平状の巻回電極体とし、この巻回電極体をポリプロピレン製の絶縁テープで固定した。次に、外寸が厚さ4.6mm、幅34mm、高さ50mmのアルミニウム合金製の角形の電池ケースに前記巻回電極体を挿入し、リード体の溶接を行うとともに、アルミニウム合金製の蓋板を電池ケースの開口端部に溶接した。その後、蓋板に設けた注入口から前記電解液を注入し、1時間静置した後注入口を封止して、図1に示す構造で、図2に示す外観の非水二次電池を得た。なお、前記非水二次電池の設計電気容量は、900mAhとした。
Li1.02Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2で表される正極活物質100質量部と、3,4-エポキシシクロヘキセニルメチル-3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキセンカルボキシレート1.0質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して、正極材料を調製した。そして、この正極材料を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、更に、この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.00Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2で表される正極活物質100質量部と、ジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル0.5質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して、正極材料を調製した。そして、この正極材料を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。
Li1.03Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2で表される正極活物質100質量部と、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル0.7質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して、正極材料を調製した。そして、この正極材料を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、更に、この正極を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.02Ni0.34Co0.34Mn0.32O2で表される正極活物質100質量部と、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル0.4質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して、正極材料を調製した。そして、この正極材料を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、更に、この正極を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.03Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2で表される正極活物質20質量部とトリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル0.1質量部とをプラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して混合した。ここに、Li1.00Co0.988Al0.005Mg0.005Zr0.002O2で表される正極活物質80質量部を追加し、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中10分間攪拌して正極材料を調製した。そして、この正極材料を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。
Li1.00Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2で表される正極活物質100質量部と、プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル1.5質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーで減圧中30分間攪拌して、正極材料を調製した。そして、この正極材料を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、更に、この正極を用いた以外は実施例6と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.02Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2で表される正極活物質96.8質量部と、結着剤であるPVDFを1.5質量部と、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック1.7質量部にNMPを加えてプラネタリーミキサーを用いて減圧中で混練した。そこへ、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル0.48質量部を加えて更に混練した。その後、ここにNMPを更に加えて粘度を調節して、正極合剤含有組成物を調製した。そして、この正極合剤含有組成物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、更に、この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.02Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2で表される正極活物質とエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルとを用いて調製した正極材料に代えて、Li1.02Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2をそのまま使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.00Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2で表される正極活物質とジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルとを用いて調製した正極材料に代えて、Li1.00Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2をそのまま使用した以外は、実施例3と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.03Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2で表される正極活物質とネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテルとを用いて調製した正極材料に代えて、Li1.03Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2をそのまま使用した以外は、実施例4と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.03Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2で表される正極活物質と、Li1.00Co0.988Al0.005Mg0.005Zr0.002O2で表される正極活物質と、トリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルとを用いて調製した正極材料に代えて、Li1.03Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.025Mg0.025O2:20質量部とLi1.00Co0.988Al0.005Mg0.005Zr0.002O2:80質量部との混合物を用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例6と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
Li1.00Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2で表される正極活物質とプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルとを用いて調製した正極材料に代えて、Li1.00Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2をそのまま使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして正極を作製し、この正極を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
実施例および比較例の各電池を、60℃で7時間保存した後、20℃で、200mAの電流値で5時間充電し、200mAの電流値で電池電圧が2.5Vに低下するまで放電する充放電サイクルを、放電容量が一定になるまで繰り返した。次いで、定電流-定電圧充電(定電流:500mA、定電圧:4.2V、総充電時間:3時間)を行い、1時間休止後に200mAの電流値で電池電圧が2.5Vとなるまで放電して標準容量を求めた。
実施例および比較例の各電池について、定電流-定電圧充電(定電流:0.4C、定電圧:4.25V、総充電時間:3時間)を行った後、恒温槽に入れて80℃で5日間放置し、その後の電池の厚みを測定した。このようにして得られた各電池の貯蔵後の厚みと、貯蔵前の厚み(4.6mm)との差から求められる貯蔵時の電池の膨れにより、貯蔵特性を評価した。
実施例および比較例の各電池の製造に使用した正極合剤含有組成物の粘度の経時変化を測定し、これらによって正極合剤含有組成物の安定性を評価した。正極合剤含有組成物の粘度測定にはコーンプレート型粘度計を用い、5rpm、25℃の条件で測定を実施した。各正極合剤含有組成物の安定性は、これらの調製直後の粘度と、ミックスローターを用いて1週間常温で回しながら保管した後の粘度とを比較することで評価した。保管後においても正極合剤含有組成物の粘度が±10%以内で維持されていたものを◎、保管後の粘度が±20%以内で維持されていたものを○、保管後に粘度が20%以上変化したものを×と評価した。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
Claims (11)
- 非水二次電池の正極に使用される正極材料であって、
正極活物質と、2つ以上のエポキシ基を有する化合物、前記化合物の少なくとも1つのエポキシ基が開環した開環物、および前記化合物の重合物のうちの少なくとも1種とを含有することを特徴とする正極材料。 - 正極活物質がリチウム複合酸化物である請求項1に記載の正極材料。
- 正極活物質の少なくとも一部が、下記一般組成式(1)
Li1+xMO2 (1)
[ただし、-0.5≦x≦0.5であり、かつMは、MnおよびCoのうちの少なくとも1種の元素と、Niとを含む2種以上の元素群を表し、Mを構成する各元素中で、Ni、MnおよびCoの割合(mol%)を、それぞれa、bおよびcとしたとき、20≦a<100、50≦a+b+c≦100である]で表されるNi含有リチウム複合酸化物である請求項1または2に記載の正極材料。 - 非水二次電池の正極に使用される正極合剤含有組成物であって、
少なくとも、正極活物質と、結着剤と、2つ以上のエポキシ基を有する化合物、前記化合物の少なくとも1つのエポキシ基が開環した開環物、および前記化合物の重合物のうちの少なくとも1種と、溶剤とを含有することを特徴とする正極合剤含有組成物。 - 正極活物質がリチウム複合酸化物である請求項4に記載の正極合剤含有組成物。
- 正極活物質の少なくとも一部が、下記一般組成式(1)
Li1+xMO2 (1)
[ただし、-0.5≦x≦0.5であり、かつMは、MnおよびCoのうちの少なくとも1種の元素と、Niとを含む2種以上の元素群を表し、Mを構成する各元素中で、Ni、MnおよびCoの割合(mol%)を、それぞれa、bおよびcとしたとき、20≦a<100、50≦a+b+c≦100である]で表されるNi含有リチウム複合酸化物である請求項4または5に記載の正極合剤含有組成物。 - 正極、負極、セパレータおよび非水電解質を有する非水二次電池であって、
前記正極は、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の正極材料、または請求項4~6のいずれかに記載の正極合剤含有組成物を用いたものであることを特徴とする非水二次電池。 - 負極は、負極活物質として、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出可能な炭素材料、またはリチウムと合金化可能な元素もしくは前記元素を含む材料を含有している請求項7に記載の非水二次電池。
- 負極は、負極活物質として、SiとOとを構成元素に含む材料(ただし、Siに対するOの原子比yは、0.5≦y≦1.5である)と黒鉛とを含有している請求項8に記載の非水二次電池。
- 非水電解質にビニレンカーボネートを含有している請求項7~9のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。
- 非水電解質にフルオロエチレンカーボネートを含有している請求項7~10のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。
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PCT/JP2011/069121 WO2013027289A1 (ja) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | 正極材料、正極合剤含有組成物および非水二次電池 |
CN2011800396893A CN103190021A (zh) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | 正极材料、含有正极合剂的组合物以及非水二次电池 |
US13/823,321 US20130183578A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | Positive electrode material, a positive electrode composition, and a non-aqueous secondary battery |
JP2012510828A JP5836933B2 (ja) | 2011-08-25 | 2011-08-25 | 正極合剤含有組成物の製造方法、および非水二次電池の製造方法 |
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US11777147B2 (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2023-10-03 | Nec Corporation | Lithium ion secondary battery |
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DK2892093T3 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2018-05-28 | Nippon Power Graphite Company Ltd | Apparatus for producing negative electrode carbon material and method for producing negative electrode carbon material using it |
WO2014133067A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-04 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 電気化学素子電極用複合粒子、電気化学素子電極用複合粒子の製造方法、電気化学素子電極および電気化学素子 |
CA2940133A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | Hercules Incorporated | Cross-linked binder for lithium ion batteries |
KR101644684B1 (ko) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-08-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬-니켈계 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
CN106563401B (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-01-18 | 华南理工大学 | 一种可加电场的水热反应釜 |
CN114725482B (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-09-06 | 江苏环峰电工材料有限公司 | 一种充电电池及其应用 |
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