WO2013018165A1 - 電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018165A1 WO2013018165A1 PCT/JP2011/067480 JP2011067480W WO2013018165A1 WO 2013018165 A1 WO2013018165 A1 WO 2013018165A1 JP 2011067480 W JP2011067480 W JP 2011067480W WO 2013018165 A1 WO2013018165 A1 WO 2013018165A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
- B22D25/04—Casting metal electric battery plates or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy foil suitable for an electrode material used for a secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, and the like, and in particular, an aluminum alloy foil used for a positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy foil used for a negative electrode material and a method for producing these alloy foils.
- a lithium ion secondary battery with high energy density is used as a power source for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers.
- the electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode plate, a separator, and a negative electrode plate.
- As the positive electrode material an aluminum alloy foil that is excellent in electric conductivity, has no influence on the electric efficiency of the secondary battery, and generates less heat is used as a support.
- An active material mainly composed of a lithium-containing metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy foil.
- an active material having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m is applied to both sides of an aluminum alloy foil of about 20 ⁇ m, and a heat treatment for drying is performed to remove the solvent in the active material (hereinafter, simply referred to as a drying step).
- compression processing is performed by a press machine.
- press working the process of “compressing with a press” is referred to as press working.
- the positive electrode plate manufactured in this way is laminated with the separator and the negative electrode plate, and then wound and stored in a case. After being molded, it is stored in a case.
- the aluminum alloy foil used for the electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery is required to have high strength because of problems such as occurrence of breakage during application of the active material and breakage at the bent portion during winding. .
- heat treatment is performed at about 100 ° C. to 180 ° C., and if the strength after the drying process is low, the aluminum alloy foil is likely to be deformed during pressing, and the active material and the aluminum alloy foil are closely adhered. Deterioration and breakage at the time of slitting easily occur.
- the adhesion between the active material and the surface of the aluminum alloy foil is lowered, there is a problem in that peeling progresses during repeated use of charge and discharge and the capacity of the battery is reduced.
- the electrical conductivity is required for aluminum alloy foils used as electrode materials for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the electrical conductivity is a physical property value representing the ease of passing electricity in the substance, and indicates that the higher the electrical conductivity, the easier it is for electricity to pass.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries used in automobiles, power tools, and the like are required to have larger output characteristics than lithium ion secondary batteries such as mobile phones and laptop computers used for consumer use.
- the electrical conductivity is low, when a large current flows, the internal resistance of the battery increases, which causes a problem that the output voltage of the battery decreases.
- the aluminum alloy foil for a lithium ion secondary battery is required to have high strength both in the base foil and after the drying step, and is required to have high electrical conductivity.
- An aluminum alloy foil for a lithium ion secondary battery is generally manufactured by a semi-continuous casting method.
- an ingot is cast from a molten aluminum alloy, and an aluminum plate (foil) having a thickness of about 0.2 to 0.6 mm is manufactured by hot rolling and cold rolling. The thickness is about 30 ⁇ m.
- intermediate annealing is usually performed in the middle of ingot homogenization treatment or cold rolling as necessary.
- a cast plate can be obtained by continuously casting and rolling a molten aluminum alloy. Therefore, in the continuous casting method, the ingot homogenization process and the hot rolling process, which are essential processes in the semi-continuous casting process, can be omitted, so that the yield and energy efficiency can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be improved. Can be reduced.
- Typical continuous casting methods include a twin roll type continuous casting method and a twin belt type continuous casting method. Since the molten metal cooling rate in these continuous casting methods is faster than that in the semi-continuous casting method, the element added to aluminum is forcibly dissolved in supersaturation, and the intermetallic compound is crystallized uniformly and finely. As a result, the aluminum alloy foil produced by the continuous casting method can obtain higher strength than the semi-continuous casting method.
- the cast plate after continuous casting is generally subjected to heat treatment between cold rolling steps in order to improve the rollability.
- heat-treated Fe partially precipitates and decreases in Fe, the strength is higher than that of the aluminum alloy foil produced by the semi-continuous casting method due to dispersion strengthening by the finely crystallized intermetallic compound. Obtainable.
- this heat treatment is omitted, it is possible to obtain an aluminum alloy foil having higher strength and higher strength even after the drying step by using Fe that is highly dissolved in supersaturation and finely crystallized intermetallic compound. it can.
- the cost during production can be further reduced as compared with the aluminum alloy foil produced by the continuous casting method by performing the heat treatment after cold rolling. .
- Patent Document 1 discloses an aluminum alloy material excellent in corrosion resistance that contains only Fe, has a maximum length of 2.0 ⁇ m or more, and an intermetallic compound having an aspect ratio of 3 or more distributed at 30 / 10,000 ( ⁇ m) 2. Has been proposed. However, since there is no limitation on the amount of Si, the intermetallic compound that is crystallized during continuous casting is likely to be coarsened, and the number of uniform and fine intermetallic compounds that contribute to strength improvement is reduced.
- Patent Document 1 Although there is no specific disclosure of the electrode material in Patent Document 1, if an aluminum foil is used as an aluminum alloy foil for a lithium ion secondary battery, the strength after heat treatment assuming a drying process is low, and press working At times, the aluminum alloy foil is easily deformed, which is not sufficient because the adhesiveness between the active material and the aluminum alloy foil is lowered and breakage at the time of slitting is likely to occur.
- Patent Document 2 proposes an aluminum alloy foil for a lithium ion battery electrode current collector manufactured by a semi-continuous casting method and having a strength of 160 MPa or more.
- the strength after heat treatment assuming a drying process is low, the aluminum alloy foil is likely to be deformed after pressing, and the adhesiveness between the active material and the aluminum alloy foil is reduced and breakage at the time of slitting is likely to occur. Not enough.
- Patent Document 3 a cast plate having a thickness of 25 mm or less is formed by a continuous casting method. Further, after 30% or more of cold rolling is performed, heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 ° C. or more, followed by intermediate annealing at 250 to 450 ° C. A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy foil is proposed. However, the aluminum alloy foil obtained from this aluminum alloy foil has good rolling properties in order to carry out heat treatment, but various elements dissolved in supersaturation are precipitated, so a drying process is assumed. The strength after the heat treatment is low, and the aluminum alloy foil is likely to be deformed at the time of press working, and the adhesiveness between the active material and the aluminum alloy foil is likely to be lowered, and breakage at the time of the slit is likely to occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector that has high strength and strength after a drying step and can be manufactured at low cost.
- the present inventors examined aluminum alloy foil used for the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery, and restricted the components to an appropriate range and manufactured by a continuous casting method. The inventors have found that high strength can be maintained, and have reached the present invention.
- the first invention is Fe: 0.03-1.0 mass% (hereinafter simply referred to as%), Si: 0.01-0.2%, Cu: 0.0001-0.2%, Ti : 0.005 to 0.03%, consisting of the balance Al and inevitable impurities, Fe solid solution amount of 200 ppm or more, and intermetallic compound having a maximum major axis of 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m is 2.0. It is an aluminum alloy foil for electrode current collectors, characterized in that ⁇ 10 4 pieces / mm 2 or more exist.
- An electrode assembly comprising: an aluminum alloy plate containing the balance Al and unavoidable impurities is formed by continuous casting, and cold rolling and foil rolling are sequentially performed without performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy plate. It is a manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy foil for electric bodies.
- the points that were particularly important in completing the present invention were: (1) forming an aluminum alloy plate containing four elements of Fe, Si, Cu, and Ti by continuous casting; and (2) Thus, the foil is obtained by sequentially carrying out cold rolling and foil rolling without heat treatment.
- the inventors initially formed an aluminum alloy plate substantially free of Ti and containing three elements of Fe, Si, and Cu by continuous casting, and cold rolling and foil rolling without heat treatment. Although it tried to manufacture an aluminum alloy foil only by this, the cutting
- the aluminum alloy foil produced by the above method had a very high strength because a large amount of fine intermetallic compounds were dispersed and the solid solution amount of Fe was large.
- the decrease in strength was very small.
- a heat treatment is usually performed at a temperature of about 100 to 180 ° C. for the purpose of removing a solvent. The fact that the decrease is small means that the aluminum alloy foil of the present invention has very excellent characteristics as an aluminum alloy foil for an electrode current collector.
- the aluminum alloy foil since the strength after the drying process after application of the active material is high, the aluminum alloy foil is not easily deformed even during press working, and the active material can be prevented from being peeled off or broken at the time of slitting.
- the aluminum alloy foil for electrode collectors including the aluminum alloy foil for use can be provided.
- composition of the aluminum alloy foil for the electrode current collector according to the present invention is as follows: Fe: 0.03-1.0%, Si: 0.01-0.2%, Cu: 0.01-0.2%, Ti : Containing 0.005 to 0.03%, the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.
- Fe is an element that improves the strength when added, and is added in an amount of 0.03 to 1.0%. If the amount of Fe added is less than 0.03%, the strength is not improved. On the other hand, if the amount of Fe exceeds 1.0%, coarse Al—Fe or Al—Fe—Si intermetallic compounds are likely to crystallize during continuous casting. It is not preferable to generate
- Si is an element that improves the strength when added, and is added in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2%. If the amount of Si added is less than 0.01%, the strength is not improved. In addition, normally used aluminum bullion contains Si as an impurity, and high-purity bullion is used to regulate it to less than 0.01%. is there. If the amount of Si added exceeds 0.2%, the size of the intermetallic compound crystallized during continuous casting is increased, and the number of fine intermetallic compounds that contribute to strength improvement is reduced. To do.
- Cu is an element that improves the strength when added, and is added in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.2%. In order to restrict the Cu addition amount to less than 0.0001%, a high-purity metal is used, which is difficult to realize economically. On the other hand, if the amount of Cu added exceeds 0.2%, the work curability becomes high, so that breakage during foil rolling is likely to occur.
- Ti is added in an amount of 0.005 to 0.03% as a grain refiner.
- the amount of Ti is less than 0.005%, the function as a refining agent is hardly exhibited and the crystal grains are coarsened, so that breakage is likely to occur during cold rolling or foil rolling.
- the amount of Ti exceeds 0.03%, a coarse intermetallic compound such as AlTi 3 is likely to be formed during continuous casting, so that breakage is likely to occur during cold rolling or foil rolling.
- this material contains unavoidable impurities such as Cr, Ni, B, Zn, Mn, Mg, V, and Zr. These inevitable impurities are preferably 0.02% or less individually, and the total amount is preferably 0.15% or less.
- ⁇ Strength of base plate> In an aluminum alloy mainly containing only Fe, Si, Cu, and Ti, dislocation movement is achieved by more solidly dissolving each element and dispersing the metal compound crystallized during continuous casting uniformly and finely. Is suppressed, and higher strength can be achieved. Furthermore, in the continuous casting method, the cooling rate is faster than in the semi-continuous casting and rolling method, so that the amount of solid solution of each added element is increased, so that work hardening is improved. As a result, the strength of the aluminum alloy foil can be further increased by cold rolling and foil rolling.
- the base plate tensile strength after the final cold rolling is preferably 190 MPa or more, and the 0.2% proof stress is preferably 170 MPa or more. If the tensile strength is less than 190 MPa and the 0.2% proof stress is less than 170 MPa, the strength is insufficient, and breakage and cracks are likely to occur due to the tension applied during application of the active material.
- the tensile strength after heat treatment is 180 MPa or more and the 0.2% proof stress is 160 MPa or more even when any heat treatment is performed at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes. It is preferable.
- the strength after heat treatment in the present invention is greatly influenced by the amount of Fe dissolved in supersaturation during continuous casting and the fine intermetallic compound crystallized. In particular, the faster the cooling rate during continuous casting, the higher the strength after heat treatment because Fe is dissolved in a supersaturated state and a large amount of metal compound is crystallized.
- the aluminum alloy foil When the tensile strength after the heat treatment is less than 180 MPa and the 0.2% proof stress is less than 160 MPa, the aluminum alloy foil is likely to be deformed during press processing after the drying step, and the adhesion between the active material and the aluminum alloy foil is reduced. It is not sufficient because breakage at the time of slitting is likely to occur.
- the solid solution amount of Fe is preferably 200 ppm or more. In order to dissolve Fe in an amount of 200 ppm or more, it can be obtained by maintaining the supersaturated Fe during continuous casting up to the final foil without performing heat treatment. It is necessary to make more solid solution of Fe in order to maintain high strength and strength after the drying process after application of the active material. If it is less than 200 ppm, the strength and strength after the drying step after application of the active material decrease, which is not preferable.
- Intermetallic compound> On the surface of the aluminum alloy foil, 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 pieces / mm 2 or more of intermetallic compounds having a maximum major axis of 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m are present. These intermetallic compounds are composed of an Al—Fe system or an Al—Fe—Si system, and are crystallized uniformly and finely during continuous casting. These fine intermetallic compounds can improve the strength of the aluminum alloy foil by dispersion strengthening, and can also suppress a decrease in strength after the drying step after application of the active material.
- the strength is lowered because the contribution to dispersion strengthening is small.
- a metal compound having a maximum major axis exceeding 1.0 ⁇ m has a small contribution to strength due to dispersion strengthening, and can be a starting point of pinholes.
- the shape of the intermetallic compound is also important for enhancing the dispersion strengthening by these intermetallic compounds. In order to suppress the movement of dislocations during the drying process after the application of the active material, it is more preferable that the aspect ratio defined as the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the intermetallic compound is less than 3.
- the number of intermetallic compounds can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the surface of the aluminum alloy foil. Specifically, after the surface of the aluminum alloy foil is made into a mirror state by electrolytic polishing, the reflected electron image is observed at 30 fields of view at 1000 times, and the number of intermetallic compounds is quantified by an image analyzer.
- the maximum long diameter of the intermetallic compound is the long side of the intermetallic compound observed in a two-dimensional shape on the field of the reflected electron image.
- the conductivity is preferably 55% IACS or more.
- the conductivity particularly indicates a solid solution state of Fe, Si or the like.
- the conductivity is less than 55% IACS, because the battery capacity is reduced when used at a high current value such that the discharge rate exceeds 5C. Absent. Note that 1 C is a current value at which discharge is completed in one hour after a constant current discharge is performed on a cell having a nominal capacity value.
- the molten aluminum alloy having the above composition is continuously cast and rolled to obtain a cast plate.
- Typical continuous casting methods include a twin roll type continuous casting method and a twin belt type continuous casting method.
- the twin-roll type continuous casting and rolling method is a method in which a molten aluminum alloy is supplied between two opposed water-cooled rolls from a refractory hot-water supply nozzle, and a thin plate is continuously cast and rolled.
- the 3C method or Hunter method Etc. are used industrially.
- the twin-belt type continuous casting method is a manufacturing method in which a molten metal is supplied between rotating belts that are water-cooled facing each other, and the molten metal is solidified by cooling from the belt surface to continuously cast and roll a thin plate.
- the present invention may be either a twin roll type continuous casting method or a twin belt type continuous casting method, and is not limited to a specific manufacturing method.
- the twin roll type continuous casting method has a higher cooling rate than the twin belt type casting method, and the intermetallic compound to be crystallized is miniaturized, so that an aluminum alloy foil having higher performance can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method by a twin roll type continuous casting method is described as an example of the continuous casting method.
- An aluminum alloy having Fe, Si, and Cu in the composition range of the present application is melted to prepare a molten metal, which is transferred to a holding furnace and held. Thereafter, the molten metal is solidified and rolled in a water-cooled roll part after passing through a known degassing process and a filter for removing casting inclusions in a degassing tank.
- Ti is added to the molten metal as a grain refiner in the form of an Al—Ti master alloy, an Al—Ti—B master alloy, an Al—Ti—C master alloy, or the like.
- Examples of the method for adding the mother alloy include addition in the form of a waffle into the holding furnace, addition in a rod shape before and after degassing treatment, and before and after passing through a filter.
- the crystal grains of the cast plate after continuous casting can be refined, so that cracking of the cast plate is prevented and the rolling properties during cold rolling and foil rolling are improved. Can do.
- the temperature of the molten metal when casting by the twin-roll type continuous casting method is preferably in the range of 680 to 800 ° C.
- the molten metal temperature is the temperature of the head box immediately before the hot water supply nozzle.
- the molten metal temperature is lower than 680 ° C., intermetallic compounds are generated in the hot water supply nozzle, and they are mixed into the plate-shaped ingot, which causes a plate break during cold rolling.
- the molten metal temperature exceeds 800 ° C., the molten aluminum alloy is not sufficiently solidified between the rolls during casting, and a normal cast plate cannot be obtained.
- the thickness of the cast plate after continuous casting is manufactured at 20 mm or less. If the plate thickness exceeds 20 mm, the solidification rate at the time of continuous casting becomes slow, so that the intermetallic compound to be crystallized becomes coarse and the fine intermetallic compound contributing to dispersion strengthening decreases, which is not preferable.
- ⁇ Thickness of aluminum alloy foil> The thickness of the aluminum alloy foil after the final cold rolling is 6-30 ⁇ m. When the thickness is less than 6 ⁇ m, pinholes are easily generated during foil rolling, which is not preferable. If it exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the volume and weight of the electrode current collector closed to the same volume will increase, and the volume and weight of the active material will decrease. In the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, this leads to a decrease in battery capacity, which is not preferable.
- a cast plate having a thickness of 8 mm was produced from a molten aluminum alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 by a twin-roll continuous casting method. On the cast plate after continuous casting, cold rolling and foil rolling were continuously carried out without carrying out heat treatment in the middle of the process to obtain an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 15 ⁇ m was obtained by the twin roll continuous casting method under the conditions shown in Table 1 as in the examples.
- Comparative Example 17 an 8 mm cast plate after continuous casting was cold-rolled to 3.0 mm, and then subjected to intermediate annealing at 400 ° C. ⁇ 5 h. Thereafter, cold rolling and foil rolling were sequentially performed to obtain an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- ingots having a thickness of 500 mm were cast by a semi-continuous casting method which is a conventional manufacturing method. Then, after carrying out a homogenization treatment at 500 ° C.
- hot rolling was performed to obtain a cast plate having a thickness of 4 mm.
- cold rolling was performed to 0.8 mm, and intermediate annealing was performed at 300 ° C. for 4 hours in a batch furnace. After the intermediate annealing, cold rolling and foil rolling were continuously performed to obtain an aluminum alloy foil having a foil thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured with each aluminum alloy foil.
- PVDF serving as a binder was added to an active material mainly composed of LiCoO 2 to form a positive electrode slurry.
- a positive electrode slurry was applied to both surfaces of the aluminum alloy foil having a width of 30 mm, dried at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then a roller press machine. To increase the density of the active material.
- ⁇ Tensile strength and 0.2% yield strength> The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy foil cut in the rolling direction was measured using an Instron type tensile tester AG-10kNX manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The measurement conditions were a test piece size of 10 mm ⁇ 100 mm, a distance between chucks of 50 mm, and a crosshead speed of 10 mm / min. In addition, assuming a drying process, the aluminum alloy foil after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes is cut out in the rolling direction and has the same tensile strength as above. It was measured. Furthermore, 0.2% yield strength was calculated
- the solid solution amount of Fe is 1.0 g of aluminum alloy foil and 50 mL of phenol, heated to about 200 ° C. to decompose, and after adding 100 mL of benzyl alcohol as a solidification preventing material, the intermetallic compound is separated by filtration, The filtrate was measured by ICP emission analysis.
- the electrical conductivity was determined by measuring the electrical resistivity value by the four probe method and converting it to electrical conductivity.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- ⁇ Pinhole density> The aluminum alloy foil rolled to 15 ⁇ m was used as a coil having a width of 0.6 m and a length of 6000 m, and the number of pinholes was measured with a surface inspection machine. By dividing the measured number of pinholes by the total surface area, the number of pinholes per 1 m 2 of unit area was calculated and used as the pinhole density. A pinhole density of less than 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 pieces / m 2 was accepted, and a pinhole density of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 pieces / m 2 or more was rejected.
- Examples 1 to 10 there was no occurrence of breakage or active material peeling in the active material application step, high electrical conductivity, and good evaluation results were obtained.
- Comparative Example 11 since the amount of Si is large and the number of fine intermetallic compounds is small, the strength and strength after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours and 140 ° C. for 3 hours are insufficient. Cutting and active material peeling occurred in the material application process.
- Comparative Example 12 due to the small amount of Fe, the strength and strength after heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes are insufficient, Delamination of the active material occurred.
- Comparative Example 13 since the amount of Fe was large, many pinholes were generated.
- Comparative Example 14 since the amount of Cu was large, the work curability was too high, and breakage occurred during foil rolling.
- Comparative Example 15 since the amount of Ti added was small, the crystal grains of the continuous cast plate were coarsened, and plate breakage occurred during cold rolling.
- Comparative Example 16 since the amount of added Ti was large, a large amount of coarse intermetallic compound was formed, and sheet breakage occurred during cold rolling.
- Comparative Example 17 since heat treatment was performed on the cast plate after continuous casting, a large amount of super-saturated Fe was precipitated, and the heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and 160 ° C. for 15 minutes.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔の組成は、Fe:0.03~1.0%、Si:0.01~0.2%、Cu:0.01~0.2%、Ti:0.005~0.03%を含有し、残部Al及び不可避的不純物からなる。
Fe、Si、Cu、Tiのみが主に添加されているアルミニウム合金では、各元素をより多く固溶させかつ、連続鋳造時に晶出される金属化合物を均一で微細に分散させることによって、転位の移動が抑制されて、より高強度を達成することができる。さらに、連続鋳造法では、半連続鋳造圧延法よりも冷却速度が早いために、添加された各元素の固溶量は多くなるために、加工硬化性も向上する。その結果、冷間圧延と箔圧延により、アルミニウム合金箔の強度をより高くすることができる。
正極板の製造工程では、活物質中の溶媒を除去する目的で活物質塗布後に乾燥工程がある。この乾燥工程では100~180℃程度の温度の熱処理が行われる。この熱処理により、アルミニウム合金箔は軟化して機械的特性が変化する場合があるため、熱処理後のアルミニウム合金箔の機械的特性が重要となる。100~180℃の熱処理時には、外部からの熱エネルギーにより、転位が活性化されて移動し易くなり、回復過程で強度が低下する。熱処理時の回復過程での強度低下を防ぐには、アルミニウム合金中の固溶元素や微細に分散した金属間化合物によって、転位の移動を抑制することが有効である。
Feの固溶量は、200ppm以上であることが好ましい。Feを200ppm以上固溶させるためには、連続鋳造時に過飽和に固溶させたFeを、熱処理を実施せずに最終箔まで維持することで得られる。固溶したFeは、強度及び活物質塗布後の乾燥工程後の強度を高く維持するためにより多く固溶させる必要がある。200ppm未満では、強度及び活物質塗布後における乾燥工程後の強度が低下するために好ましくない。
アルミニウム合金箔の表面には、最大長径が0.1~1.0μmの金属間化合物が、2.0×104個/mm2以上存在する。これらの金属間化合物は、Al-Fe系あるいはAl-Fe-Si系で構成され、連続鋳造時に均一で微細に晶出される。これらの微細な金属間化合物は、分散強化によってアルミニウム合金箔の強度を向上させ、活物質塗布後における乾燥工程後の強度低下も抑制することができる。
導電率は55%IACS以上が好ましい。導電率は、特にFe、Si等の固溶状態を示す。本願の電極集電体をリチウムイオン二次電池に用いる場合、導電率が55%IACS未満では、放電レートが5Cを超えるような高い電流値で使用する際に、電池容量が低下するため、好ましくない。なお、1Cとは公称容量値の容量を有するセルを定電流放電して、1時間で放電終了となる電流値のことである。
前記組成を有するアルミニウム合金溶湯を、連続的に鋳造圧延して鋳造板とする。代表的な連続鋳造法には、双ロール式連続鋳造法や双ベルト式連続鋳造法等がある。双ロール式連続鋳造圧延法は耐火物製の給湯ノズルから2つの相対向する水冷されたロール間にアルミニウム合金溶湯を供給し、薄板を連続的に鋳造圧延する方法であり、3C法やハンター法等が工業的に用いられている。双ベルト式連続鋳造法は、上下に対峙した水冷されている回転ベルト間に溶湯を供給し、ベルト面からの冷却によって溶湯を凝固させて薄板を連続的に鋳造圧延する製造方法である。本発明は、双ロール式連続鋳造法及び双ベルト式連続鋳造法のどちらでも良く、特定の製造方法に限定されるものではない。なお、双ロール式連続鋳造法は双ベルト式鋳造法よりも冷却速度が早く、晶出される金属間化合物が微細化されるために、より高い性能を有したアルミニウム合金箔を得ることができる。以下に、連続鋳造法の一例として、双ロール式連続鋳造法での製造方法について記載する。
連続鋳造圧延によって得られた鋳造板には、冷間圧延と箔圧延を順に実施し、所望のアルミニウム合金箔を得る。冷間圧延の各工程間で熱処理は実施しない。熱処理を実施すると、連続鋳造時に過飽和に固溶されたFeが一部析出されるために、強度及び乾燥工程後の強度が低下してしまうので好ましくない。なお、冷間圧延及び箔圧延の実施方法については、特に限定されない。この製造方法では、半連続鋳造法や連続鋳造後に熱処理を実施する従来工程と異なり、連続鋳造後は冷間圧延と箔圧延を実施するのみであるため、製造コストを大きく低減することが出来る。
最終冷間圧延後のアルミニウム合金箔の厚みは6~30μmとする。厚みが6μm未満の場合、箔圧延中にピンホールが発生し易くなるために好ましくない。30μmを超えると、同一体積に閉める電極集電体の体積及び重量が増加し、活物質の体積及び重量が減少する。リチウムイオン二次電池の場合、それは電池容量の低下をまねくので好ましくない。
圧延方向に切り出したアルミニウム合金箔の引張強さを、島津製作所製インストロン型引っ張り試験機AG-10kNXを使用して測定した。測定条件は、試験片サイズを10mm×100mm、チャック間距離50mm、クロスヘッド速度10mm/分とした。また、乾燥工程を想定し、120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後のアルミニウム合金箔についても、圧延方向に切り出し、上記と同じく引張強さを測定した。さらに、応力/ひずみ曲線から0.2%耐力を求めた。
Feの固溶量は、アルミニウム合金箔1.0gとフェノール50mLを、約200℃に加熱して分解して、固化防止材としてベンジルアルコール100mLを添加後、金属間化合物をろ過にて分離し、ろ液をICP発光分析にて測定した。
導電率は、四端子法にて電気比抵抗値を測定し、導電率に換算して求めた。
金属間化合物の個数は、アルミニウム合金箔の表面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて測定した。アルミニウム合金箔の表面を電解研磨にて鏡面状態とした後、反射電子像を1000倍で30視野観察し、画像解析装置にて金属間化合物の個数を定量化した。
15μmまで箔圧延されたアルミニウム合金箔を、巾0.6mで長さ6000mのコイルとし、表面検査機にてピンホールの個数を測定した。測定されたピンホール数を全表面積で除すことで、単位面積1m2当たりのピンホール数を算出し、ピンホール密度とした。ピンホール密度が2.0×10-3個/m2未満を合格、ピンホール密度が2.0×10-3個/m2以上を不合格とした。
活物質塗布工程において塗布した正極材に、切れが発生したか否かを目視で観察した。切れが発生しなかった場合を合格とし、発生した場合を不合格とした。
活物質剥離の有無は、目視で観察を行った。剥離が発生しなかった場合を合格とし、一部分でも剥離が発生した場合を不合格とした。
比較例11では、Si量が多いために、微細な金属間化合物の数が少ないために、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例12では、Fe量が少ないために、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例13では、Fe量が多いために、ピンホールも多く発生した。
比較例14では、Cu量が多いために、加工硬化性が高くなりすぎて、箔圧延時に切れが発生した。
比較例15では、添加されるTi量が少ないために、連続鋳造板の結晶粒が粗大化し、冷間圧延中に板切れが発生した。
比較例16では、添加されたTi量が多いために、粗大な金属間化合物が多く形成され、冷間圧延中に板切れが発生した。
比較例17では、連続鋳造後の鋳造板に熱処理を実施したため、過飽和に固溶したFeが多く析出し、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
比較例18、19では、半連続鋳造法にて製造しているために、強度及び120℃で24時間、140℃で3時間、160℃で15分の熱処理を行った後の強度が不足し、活物質塗布工程における切れと活物質の剥離が発生した。
Claims (2)
- Fe:0.03~1.0mass%(以下単に%と記す。)、Si:0.01~0.2%、Cu:0.0001~0.2%、Ti:0.005~0.03%を含有し、残部Alと不可避的不純物から成り、Feの固溶量が200ppm以上で、最大長径が0.1~1.0μmの金属間化合物が2.0×104個/mm2以上存在することを特徴とする電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔。
- Fe:0.03~1.0%、Si:0.01~0.2%、Cu:0.0001~0.2%、Ti:0.005~0.03%を含有し、残部Alと不可避的不純物から成るアルミニウム合金板を連続鋳造によって形成し、前記アルミニウム合金板へ熱処理を実施せずに、冷間圧延と箔圧延を順に実施することを特徴とする電極集電体用アルミニウム合金箔の製造方法。
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CN103748713A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
KR101894719B1 (ko) | 2018-09-04 |
EP2738850A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
KR20140051327A (ko) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2738850A4 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
JP5791720B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
EP2738850B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
US20140205900A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
JPWO2013018165A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
CN103748713B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
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