WO2013098321A2 - Smart hydrocarbon fluid production method and system - Google Patents
Smart hydrocarbon fluid production method and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013098321A2 WO2013098321A2 PCT/EP2012/076943 EP2012076943W WO2013098321A2 WO 2013098321 A2 WO2013098321 A2 WO 2013098321A2 EP 2012076943 W EP2012076943 W EP 2012076943W WO 2013098321 A2 WO2013098321 A2 WO 2013098321A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical sensor
- bowspring
- fiber optical
- fiber
- assembly
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a smart hydrocarbon fluid production method and system wherein seismic and/or production data from seismic and other acoustic events generated during exploration and/or production of hydrocarbons from underground hydrocarbon bearing formations are collected and interpreted.
- WO2010/136723 and WO2010/136724 disclose known sensing methods using fiber optical sensors that are provided with bowspring signal conversion assemblies adjacent to Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and/or Fabry Perot
- interferometers which are point sensors and are not configured to measure physical effects along a
- Fiber optical acoustic sensing assemblies that provide information about acoustic events along at least a substantial part of the length of an optical fiber based on the Rayleigh backscattering effect are known as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) assemblies.
- DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
- the Rayleigh backscattering effect uses Rayleigh backscatter of optical light pulses to measure micro- strain variations along the length of the optical fiber caused by local acoustic and/or thermal noise.
- assemblies that measure acoustic phenomena along at least a substantial part of the length of an elongate optical fiber .
- transversal known as broadside
- US patent 5, 877, 426 discloses a Bourdon tube pressure sensor .
- the Bourdon tube is connected to at least one optical strain sensor mounted to be strained by movement of the Bourdon tube such that when the Bourdon tube is exposed to the pressure of the system, movement of the tube in response to system pressure causes a strain in the optical sensor .
- hydrophone having a compliant sensing mandrel around which an optical fiber is wound, so that the optical fiber is cyclically stretched if the sensing mandrel is deformed as a result of acoustic vibrations.
- a disadvantage of the hydrophone known from US patent 6,549,488 is that the compliant sensing mandrel comprises a relatively large cylindrical elastomeric body which is difficult to install in a well.
- DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
- - seismic and/or production data from seismic and other acoustic events generated during exploration and/or production of hydrocarbons from underground hydrocarbon bearing formations are collected and enhanced using a bow spring signal conversion assembly for converting an broadside acoustic signal into a substantially
- the bowspring signal conversion assembly comprises at least one bowspring blade, which is configured to deform in response to the broadside signal and is connected to the fiber optical sensor such that the deformed bowspring blade deforms the fiber optical sensor in a substantially longitudinal direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the fiber optical sensor;
- the fiber optical sensor does not comprise Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and/or a Fabry-Perot interferometer strain sensor in the vicinity of the bow spring signal
- DAS interrogator assembly that measures Rayleigh backscattering to monitor microstrain variations generated by vibrations in the fiber optical sensor.
- the bowspring assembly may comprise a first and a second sleeve, which sleeves are interconnected by a plurality of curved bowspring blades which maintain the fiber optical sensor in a substantially co-axial position relative to a longitudinal axis of a tubular confinement.
- the first and second sleeves may be rigidly connected to the fiber optical sensor or alternatively the first sleeve may be rigidly secured to the fiber optical sensor while the second sleeve may be slideably secured to the fiber optical sensor.
- the bowspring assembly may be connected to a mass formed by an elongate central member which is maintained substantially parallel to the fiber optical sensor within the tubular confinement by the bowspring assembly that allows the mass to vibrate within the tubular confinement in a substantially orthogonal direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the tubular confinement in response to the broadside acoustic signal travelling in a non- parallel direction relative to the longitudinal axes of the Sensor and the tubular confinement.
- a pair of bowspring assemblies may be arranged at longitudinally spaced locations within the tubular confinement such that the bowspring assemblies have a pair of mutually nearby first sleeves and a pair of mutually remote second sleeves, wherein the first sleeves are rigidly secured to the mass and the second sleeves are slideably secured around the mass and rigidly secured to the fiber optical sensor.
- - seismic and/or production data from seismic and other acoustic events generated during exploration and/or production of hydrocarbons from underground hydrocarbon bearing formations are collected and enhanced using a bow spring signal conversion assembly for converting an acoustic broadside signal into a substantially
- the bowspring signal conversion assembly comprises at least one bowspring blade, which is configured to deform in response to the broadside signal and is connected to the fiber optical sensor such that the deformed bowspring blade deforms the fiber optical sensor in a substantially longitudinal direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the fiber optical sensor;
- the fiber optical sensor does not comprise Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and/or a Fabry-Perot interferometer strain sensor in the vicinity of the bow spring signal
- DAS interrogator assembly that measures Rayleigh backscattering to monitor microstrain variations generated by vibrations in the fiber optical sensor.
- the bowspring assembly may comprise a first and a second sleeve, which sleeves are interconnected by a plurality of curved bowspring blades which maintain the fiber optical sensor in a substantially co-axial position relative to a longitudinal axis of a tubular confinement within an underground wellbore.
- broadside acoustic signals refers to acoustic signals, including pressure and shear waves, travelling at any angle different from zero relative to the longitudinal axis of a fiber optical sensor and result in radial strain on the fiber optical sensor.
- fiber optical sensor refers to an
- FIMT Fiber In Metal Tube
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an inertial acoustic sensor
- Figure 2 shows inertial acoustic sensor transfer
- Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention
- Figure 4 shows how the bowspring assembly induces axial movement of one of the sliding sleeves shown in Figure 3;
- Figures 5A and 5B show a second embodiment of the
- Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figures 7A and B show a fourth embodiment of the
- Figures 8A and B show a fifth embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figures 9A and B show a sixth embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figure 10 shows a seventh embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figure 11 shows an eighth embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figure 12 shows a ninth embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figure 13 shows a tenth embodiment of the bowspring assembly according to the invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an inertial sensor, showing the mass m free to move uni-directionally within the case under the influence of a spring and damper.
- the accelerometer operates on this principle .
- a geophone is a combination of a seismometer and a velocity transducer.
- the velocity transducer is typically realised by
- Figure 2 shows inertial sensor transfer functions, for several values of the relative damping coefficient b as a function of normalized frequency ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the complex function is illustrated by separate graphs for amplitude (top) and phase (bottom) response. On the amplitude response graph, the upper curve shows the strong
- a distributed measurement system is capable of fully describing the state of the measurand, or in other words, what is measured.
- one option is to design the sensor assembly such that an acceleration perpendicular to the elongate sensor is converted into longitudinal strain along the fiber.
- Current concepts exploiting inertial members to induce strain on a fiber, essentially deploy a fiber between the moving mass and the case.
- bowsprings can be used to suspend a central member. Due to external movement or strain on the fiber, one or more bowsprings will see a broadside (transverse) strain, resulting in a change in the distance between the legs of the bowspring. A fiber coupled to two or more legs of bowsprings, will therefore be subjected to an axial strain .
- FIG 3 depicts a symmetric bowspring sensor consisting of two sets of two bowspring assemblies 40 and 41.
- Each bowspring assembly comprises a pair of curved bowspring blades 40A,B and 41A,B that are at one end thereof connected to a first sleeve 40C,41C that is rigidly secured to an elongate central member 42 and at another end to a second sleeve 40D,41D that is slidingly secured around the elongate central member and is rigidly secured to a fiber optical Sensor 43 which is covered by a protective coating 44 that is bonded to the first and second sleeves 40D,41D.
- Figure 4 shows that compression of either bowspring assembly 40, 41 due to broadside vibration 45 resulting from broadside acoustic waves 49 initiates vibration of the central member 42 relative to the tubular inner wall 48 of a surrounding enclosure leads to longitudinal vibration 46A, 46B of the sliding sleeves 40D and 41D, which induces axial strain 47 on the section of the fiber optical sensor 43 between the sliding sleeves 40D and 41D, since the sliding sleeves 40D and 41D are induced by the bowspring assemblies 40,41 to move in opposite longitudinal directions relative to each other in
- Figures 5A and 5B show a balanced bowspring
- a fiber optical Sensor 54 is rigidly secured, for example by bonding or strapping, to the sliding sleeves, such that if the central member 52 vibrates laterally relative to a tubular inner wall of a surrounding enclosure 55, as illustrated by arrow 56, this lateral vibration of the central member 52 is converted in a longitudinal
- the central member 52 shown in Figures 5A and 5B will move out of phase with the tubular inner wall of the enclosure 55 in large parts of the frequency spectrum. This will cause the sliding sleeves 53A and 53B to move and vibrate in opposite longitudinal directions relative to each other as illustrated by arrow 58, inducing an axial strain on section 52 of the fiber optical Sensor 54 between the sliding sleeves 53A and 53B.
- Figure 6 shows a unipolar bowspring assembly
- the unipolar bowspring assembly shown in Figure 6 is very similar to the balanced bowspring assembly shown in
- the bowspring blades 61 and 62 are each at one end 65, 66 thereof rigidly secured to the central member 63 and at another end thereof to separate sliding sleeves 67 and 68. Only one sleeve 67 is bonded to the fiber optical DAS fiber 69. In this way, only one sleeve 67 will create strain on the fiber 69, while the other sleeve 68 one only provides a reaction force to maintain an effective spring stiffness of the unipolar bowspring assembly.
- This unipolar design works for relative movement of the central member 63 with respect to a surrounding enclosure (not shown) , but also for compressional strain on the bowspring blades 61,62.
- the key advantage of this unipolar design is that only one half of the spring pair needs to be a bow spring i.e. the side 62 coupled to the fiber 69.
- the other side 61 can be coiled springs and can also include damping
- the unipolar bowspring assembly 61,62 shown in Figure 6 may be gravity confined (in a substantially horizontal direction) .
- unipolar bowspring assembly 61,62 is to be deployed horizontally at surface or downhole and where the orientation can be determined and controlled, only one spring train is required, with gravity holding the assembly down. Obviously other consideration (stability, balance) must be considered. For increased stability, two springs could be used to ensure the assembly remains standing in the correct orientation.
- Figures 7A and 7B depict longitudinal and cross- sectional views of a unipolar bowspring assembly 70 provided with a pair of coil resistor springs 71 and 72.
- One side 73 of the unipolar bowspring assembly 70 is rigidly secured to a central rod 74 and another side is rigidly secured to a sliding sleeve, which is slidably arranged around the rod 74 and which is bonded to the fiber optical Sensor 76.
- the bowspring blade assembly 77 could be bonded with glue 78 or other means to the enclosure 77. This may however reduce the linearity of the system and it may be beneficial to include additional springs 71,72 to ensure that the transducer spring 70 (the bow spring coupled to the fiber optical sensor 76) always remains in a state of pre-tension or compression and in a linear region of its mechanical response.
- Damping can be achieved in several ways with differing levels of complexity and performance.
- a mechanical damping solution based on material properties over-molded on the springs or molded into the inside of the spring may offer a simple approach. More refinement may be achieved using dash-pot style dampers, although the thermal stability and performance of the damping fluid may be a constraint.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show that an alternative would be to use in addition to the spring 85 a moving magnet 80 with a coil 81 (much like the geophone described earlier) with the coil connected to a suitable load resistor 82.
- a moving magnet 80 with a coil 81 (much like the geophone described earlier) with the coil connected to a suitable load resistor 82.
- the coil and magnet connected to the free mass provided by the central member 83 and the reference location provided by the tubular inner wall of the enclosure 84 respectively (i.e. one moving one not) then differential movement of the central member 83 relative to the
- EMF Electro Magnetic Field
- stiffness is a characteristic of the bowspring, while the mass is mainly determined by the central member.
- the fiber is separated from the central member. In that way it can be used to measure
- the fiber can also be integrated in the central member and in that way measure a strain induced directly on the central member. Since the central member is now both anchoring and sensing element of the assembly, it only can measure strain between the legs of one set of bowsprings rather than differential strain between two separated sets of bowsprings.
- the bowspring acoustic signal conversion concept according to the invention can be realised on different length scales, from cable level to well completion level.
- Figures 9A and B illustrates that on completion level, the central member could be a tubing string 90, the bowspring assemblies 91 realised by centralizer blades connected to the tubing string 90, and strained within the surrounding casing 92 which is secured within an underground wellbore 93 by cement 94.
- the fiber optical sensor 95 could be packaged in a standard
- centralizer sleeves 96, 97 of which one sleeve 96 is rigidly secured to the tubing 90 and one sleeve 97 is slidingly secured around the tubing 90.
- the sleeves 96, 97 are interconnected by a number of bowspring blades 98 that centralize the tubing 90 within the casing 92.
- the bowspring acoustic signal conversion concept according to the invention can be miniaturized to fit within a standard downhole control line (often 1 ⁇ 4"( ⁇ 5 mm) tubular) .
- Figure 10 illustrates a specific bow spring assembly realisations that could involve only minor adaptations to commercially available fiber optical sensor assembly 100, known as Fiber In Metal Tube (FIMT) by replacing the buffer between protective inner and outer metal tubes 101 and 102 with (periodic) bowspring assemblies 103.
- FIMT Fiber In Metal Tube
- the bowspring assemblies 103 directly exert a strain on the inner tube 101 and on the fiber optical sensor assembly 100 that is sensitive to axial strain and that is secured within the inner
- Figures 11, 12 and 13 illustrate that this can be realised by spanning bowspring assemblies 110, 111, 120 and 130 only in one specific plane that intersects a longitudinal axis of the fiber optical Sensor 112,122.
- this specific plane is the plane of the drawing and in Figure 13 this specific plane is a horizontal plane that intersects with a horizontal mid section of the surrounding tubular 133. Measurements in multiple directions can be realized by packing sensors for perpendicular directions together, for example by combining multiple fiber optical sensors 112,122, 132 with differently aligned bowsprings (not shown) .
- bowspring assemblies may be considered as point signal converters, but periodic repetition along the well or fiber length converts the associated fiber acoustical sensors 112, 122, and 132 into distributed sensors. Measures have to be taken to prevent the induced strain to cancel out. If the optical fiber is perfectly straight and homogeneous, compression induced on the fiber by a bowspring assembly leads to equal amounts of elongation besides that bowspring assembly. This can be mitigated either by geometrical measures (for example creating overstuff in the fiber between bowspring
- transducers to convert transverse acceleration into axial strain in an optical fiber assembly in a DAS system where the fiber is sensitive only to axial strains (and pressure effects to a lesser extent)
- the arrangement may include a free mass, defined spring constants and optionally damping which can provide selectable frequency responses
- the springs can be arranged as coupled pairs
- the springs can be arranged in oppositely acting pairs (Balanced Springs)
- the springs can be arranged as independent springs (Unipolar springs)
- Springs which are not coupled to fiber assemblies can be replaced by other spring designs such as coil springs .
- springs can be employed to connect the moving mass to the reference mass to provide pre-stress in the transducer spring coupled to the fiber .
- Rotation of the springs may affect the nature of the acceleration-strain transduction as observed by the fiber assembly - depending on the incoming signal arrays of opposed spring pairs may be preferable to springs arranged in the same sense. - Damping would enable the assembly to exhibit an optimised spectral response.
- - Dampers could be mechanical, fluidic or
- dampers may comprise a moving magnet and/or a static coil with load resistor.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1409415.5A GB2510775A (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-12-27 | Smart hydrocarbon fluid production method and system |
AU2012360911A AU2012360911A1 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-12-27 | Smart hydrocarbon fluid production method and system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11196255 | 2011-12-30 | ||
EP11196255.1 | 2011-12-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013098321A2 true WO2013098321A2 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
WO2013098321A3 WO2013098321A3 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
Family
ID=47521012
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/076943 WO2013098321A2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-12-27 | Smart hydrocarbon fluid production method and system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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AU (1) | AU2012360911A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2510775A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013098321A2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103528664A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-01-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Distributed type optical fiber vibration sensing system |
WO2016055787A1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-14 | Optasense Holdings Limited | Fibre optic cable with tuned transverse sensitivity |
US9823114B2 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2017-11-21 | Silixa Ltd. | Non-isotropic acoustic cable |
GB2552760A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-02-07 | Silixa Ltd | Non-isotropic accoustic cable design |
GB2552761A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-02-07 | Silixa Ltd | Non-isotropic acoustic cable design |
GB2518359B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-05-23 | Silixa Ltd | Acoustic cables |
WO2024054593A1 (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Through-rotary centralizer |
US12012846B2 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2024-06-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc | Borehole geometry sensor and running tool assemblies and methods to deploy a completion component in a lateral bore |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN118050779B (en) * | 2024-04-16 | 2024-06-25 | 山东省煤田地质局物探测量队 | Underground detector for geophysical exploration |
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2012
- 2012-12-27 WO PCT/EP2012/076943 patent/WO2013098321A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-12-27 AU AU2012360911A patent/AU2012360911A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-27 GB GB1409415.5A patent/GB2510775A/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN103528664A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-01-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Distributed type optical fiber vibration sensing system |
GB2552760B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-05-16 | Silixa Ltd | Fibre optic cable having discrete acoustic coupling regions |
US9823114B2 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2017-11-21 | Silixa Ltd. | Non-isotropic acoustic cable |
GB2552760A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-02-07 | Silixa Ltd | Non-isotropic accoustic cable design |
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WO2016055787A1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-14 | Optasense Holdings Limited | Fibre optic cable with tuned transverse sensitivity |
US10837805B2 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2020-11-17 | Optasense Holdings Limited | Fibre optic cable with tuned transverse sensitivity |
US12012846B2 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2024-06-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc | Borehole geometry sensor and running tool assemblies and methods to deploy a completion component in a lateral bore |
WO2024054593A1 (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Through-rotary centralizer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2510775A (en) | 2014-08-13 |
WO2013098321A3 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
AU2012360911A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
GB201409415D0 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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