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WO2013082865A1 - 一种制备育性减低植物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备育性减低植物的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013082865A1
WO2013082865A1 PCT/CN2012/001546 CN2012001546W WO2013082865A1 WO 2013082865 A1 WO2013082865 A1 WO 2013082865A1 CN 2012001546 W CN2012001546 W CN 2012001546W WO 2013082865 A1 WO2013082865 A1 WO 2013082865A1
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Prior art keywords
plant
mutant
sequence
fertility
rice
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PCT/CN2012/001546
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English (en)
French (fr)
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漆小泉
薛哲勇
张英春
徐霞
刘丹
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中国科学院植物研究所
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Priority to CN201280006361.6A priority Critical patent/CN103348009B/zh
Priority to AU2012350060A priority patent/AU2012350060A1/en
Priority to US14/362,900 priority patent/US20150020237A1/en
Priority to EP20120855465 priority patent/EP2789690A4/en
Publication of WO2013082865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013082865A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/06Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8201Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
    • C12N15/8213Targeted insertion of genes into the plant genome by homologous recombination
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8216Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
    • C12N15/8218Antisense, co-suppression, viral induced gene silencing [VIGS], post-transcriptional induced gene silencing [PTGS]
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8261Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
    • C12N15/8287Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8261Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
    • C12N15/8287Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
    • C12N15/8289Male sterility
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    • C12N9/00Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/90Isomerases (5.)
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12YENZYMES
    • C12Y504/00Intramolecular transferases (5.4)
    • C12Y504/99Intramolecular transferases (5.4) transferring other groups (5.4.99)
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    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/14Type of nucleic acid interfering N.A.

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and in particular to a method for preparing a fertility reducing plant.
  • Plant male sterility is a botanical trait closely related to agricultural production, which is the result of genotype expression and environment interaction during plant development.
  • the male sterility of the plant itself can be used as a genetic tool to develop and utilize crop heterosis, and to carry out breeding studies such as recurrent selection and backcrossing, without the need for artificial emasculation.
  • breeding studies such as recurrent selection and backcrossing, without the need for artificial emasculation.
  • Nongken 58S is the earliest discovered male-sterile material for photoperiod-regulated breeding. It and its indica and japonica-sensitive male-sterile lines can be induced to be infertile by long-day exposure in a certain temperature range, and short-day induced fertility. They are also known as light-sensitive thermo-sterile lines because they are also affected by temperature.
  • a non-coding precursor RNA was identified by gene mapping to regulate photo-temperature-sensitive sterility. However, the abnormally low temperature ( ⁇ 23 degrees) in summer will cause seed production to fail, so the application of photo-thermophilic materials has been affected.
  • the RNA interference vector provided by the present invention is a vector obtained by inserting the molecule shown by the sequence 1 in the sequence listing into pH7GWIWG2 (I I ).
  • RNA interference vector is a vector obtained by inserting a spiritual molecule represented by the sequence 1 in the sequence listing into PH7GWIWG2 (II) by homologous recombination; specifically, the DNA molecule represented by the sequence 1 in the sequence listing is subjected to homologous recombination.
  • RNA interference vector was prepared as follows:
  • the DNA molecule shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the above Sequence Listing is specifically prepared by PCR-amplifying A with the cDNA of rice as a template to obtain a PCR product which is a DNA molecule represented by SEQ ID NO:1 in the Sequence Listing.
  • the primer pair A consists of a single-stranded spirit consisting of a single-stranded sequence and a sequence 4 shown in SEQ ID NO:3 in the Sequence Listing.
  • RNA interference vectors described above are also within the scope of the invention.
  • the use of the above RNA interference vector, the above-mentioned recombinant strain or transgenic cell line for cultivating a rice sterile line or reducing rice fertility is also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a method of growing a transgenic plant.
  • the method provided by the present invention is to introduce the above RNA interference vector into a plant of interest to obtain a transgenic plant; the transgenic plant is as follows 1) or 2):
  • the transgenic plant obtained by the above method is also within the scope of protection of the present invention; the transgenic plant is a sterile transgenic plant or a fertile plant having reduced fertility; the plant is specifically a monocot; the monocot is further specifically rice .
  • the above-mentioned fertility-reduced transgenic plants are transgenic plants in which the transgenic plants are less fertile than the target plants.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a method of cultivating a plant of interest as a sterile mutant or a fertility-reducing mutant.
  • the method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the mutagenized plant seed is obtained by mutagenizing a plurality of plant seeds with sodium azide to obtain a mutagenized seed
  • the primer pair B designed to specifically amplify a triterpene synthase encoding gene in a plant of interest is a primer pair B designed for specific amplification according to a triterpene synthase encoding gene in the plant of interest, the marker Primer pairs of fluorescent labels are labeled with different fluorescent labels for each of the primers B, the different fluorescent labels having different wavelengths;
  • the M1 generation group is selfed, and the second generation mutant M2 generation group is obtained;
  • the PCR product is digested with an endonuclease CELI to obtain a corresponding digestion product of the DNA pool; 6) electrophoretic detection of each of the DNA pool corresponding to the digested product, if the DNA pool corresponding to the digested product produces a bright spot at a wavelength corresponding to the different fluorescent label, then the DNA pool corresponds to n M2 generations There are or candidate fertility-reducing mutants or infertile mutants; if the corresponding digested products of the pool do not produce bright spots at the wavelengths corresponding to the different fluorescent labels, then the n pools corresponding to the M2 generation There are no or no candidate fertility-reducing mutants or sterile mutants in a single plant; the fertility-reducing mutants are plants having lower fertility than the plants of interest.
  • the genomic DNA of the n M2 generation M2 generations with or without the fertility-reducing mutant or the sterile mutant is separately mixed with the genomic DNA of the target plant as a template, and steps 4) to 5) are repeated to obtain M2. Restriction product corresponding to a single plant;
  • the strain is or is a candidate for a sterile mutant or a fertility-reducing mutant; if the corresponding digested product of the M2 generation does not produce a bright spot at a corresponding wavelength of the different fluorescent marker, the M2 generation is not Or the candidate is not a sterile mutant or a fertility reducing mutant.
  • the sodium azide is used to mutate the multi-grain plant seed to soak the multi-purpose plant seed in a 2 mM sodium azide aqueous solution for 6 hours;
  • amino acid sequence of the triterpene synthase is sequence 2 in the sequence listing;
  • the different fluorescent labels are a fluorescent label DY-682 having a wavelength of 682 nm and a fluorescent label DY-782 having a wavelength of 782 nm;
  • the nucleotide sequence of the triterpene synthase encoding gene is specifically the sequence 5 in the sequence listing;
  • the primer pair B is any one of the following 1) -3):
  • the plant of interest is a monocotyledon; the monocot is a monocotyledonous plant; and the monocotyledonous plant is specifically rice.
  • the above-mentioned fertility-reducing mutant is a mutant having less fertility than the plant of interest.
  • the target plant is specifically rice, and the fertility-reducing mutant is specifically a mutant having less fertility than rice.
  • the above fertility-reducing mutant has the accession number CGMCC NO. 6150.
  • the use of the above-described transgenic plants or the above-described sterile mutants or fertility-reducing mutants in hybrid seed production is also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the fertility-reducing mutant is a mutant having less fertility than the plant of interest, the plant of interest is a monocot; the monocot is a monocotyledonous plant; the monocotyledonous plant is specifically rice; In a specific embodiment, the fertility-reducing mutant is specifically a mutant having less fertility than rice.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining a sterile mutant or a fertility reducing mutant.
  • the method provided by the present invention is to silence or inactivate a triterpene synthase encoding gene in a plant of interest to obtain a sterile mutant or a fertility-reducing mutant; the fertility-reducing mutant is less fertile than the target plant Plant.
  • the plant of interest is a monocot or a dicot; the monocot is a monocotyledonous plant;
  • the monocotyledonous plant is rice, wheat, barley, sorghum or corn;
  • the amino acid sequence of the rice triterpene synthase is sequence 2 in the sequence listing;
  • the nucleotide sequence of the rice triad synthase encoding gene is the sequence 5 in the sequence listing;
  • the amino acid sequence of the triterpene synthase of the wheat is the sequence 15 in the sequence listing;
  • the nucleotide sequence of the triglyceride encoding gene of the wheat is the sequence 14 in the sequence listing;
  • the amino acid sequence of the triterpene synthase of the barley is the sequence 17 in the sequence listing;
  • the nucleotide sequence of the triterpene synthase encoding gene of the barley is the sequence 16 in the sequence listing;
  • amino acid sequence of the sorghum triterpene synthase is the sequence 18 in the sequence listing;
  • nucleotide sequence of the sorghum triterpene synthase encoding gene is the sequence 19 in the sequence listing;
  • amino acid sequence of the triterpene synthase of the maize is the sequence 20 in the sequence listing; the nucleotide sequence of the triglyceride-encoding gene of the maize is the sequence 21 in the sequence listing.
  • the above-mentioned method for silencing or inactivating a triterpene synthase-encoding gene in a plant of interest may specifically adopt a method for RNA interference of a triterpene synthase-encoding gene in a plant of interest or a triterpene synthase-encoding gene in a plant of a point mutation;
  • the triterpene synthase encoding gene in the silenced or inactivated rice is at least one of the following 1) -3):
  • a fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for restoring or improving the fertility of a starting plant.
  • the method provided by the present invention comprises the steps of: maintaining a plant inflorescence growth humidity of 80-100% during the flowering period of the starting plant; and the starting plant is a sterile mutant or a fertility reducing mutant.
  • the sterile mutant or the fertility-reducing mutant is the above-described transgenic plant or the above-described sterile mutant or fertility-reducing mutant.
  • the time for maintaining the plant inflorescence growth humidity is 1 week;
  • the method for maintaining the humidity of the plant inflorescence is to wrap the entire inflorescence of the starting plant; the package is specifically covered with a plastic bag over the entire inflorescence or the cling film covers the entire inflorescence.
  • the above-mentioned screened fertility-reducing mutant P34E8 is a 0s0SC8 mutant strain (ie, mutant S6), which was deposited on May 28, 2012 at the General Microbiology Center of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee. Called CGMCC, the address is: No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. The deposit number is CGMCC No. 6150, and the classification is Rice Oryza sa tiva.
  • Figure 1 shows the results of western blot analysis of RNAi strain proteins.
  • Figure 2 shows the statistical results of the natural seed setting rate and the seed setting rate after moisturizing treatment of the RNAi strain.
  • Figure 3 is an electropherogram of the detected mutant
  • Figure 9 shows the amplification of fragments of homologous genes in barley and wheat.
  • Figure 10 is an alignment of the homologous protein sequences of 0s0SC8 in grass crops and possible effective mutation sites. The best way to implement the invention
  • the materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
  • the quantitative tests in the following examples were repeated three times, and the results were averaged or averaged.
  • the amino acid sequence of the rice triterpenoid synthase 0s0SC8 protein is the sequence 2 in the sequence listing; the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the protein is the sequence 5 in the sequence listing.
  • the primers were as follows: Primer pair Invitrogen company gateway technology was used to add the attBl sequence at the 5' end of the sense strand primer, and the attB2 sequence was added to the 5' end of the antisense strand primer.
  • Primer pair 1 sense : 5 ' -AAAAAGCAGGCTGGCTGCACGGATAGAGTT-3 ' (sequence 3 )
  • ant i sense 5 ' - AGAAAGCTGGGTGCCTGTATGGCTGAGAAA- 3 ' (sequence 4)
  • Trollius and sphagnum 11 Orazy sa tiva L. ssp japonica; Recorded in Zhong_Hai Ren et al., 2005, A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter. Nature Genetics 37, 1141 - 1146; public available from Chinese science Institute of Plant Research)) Total RNA, reverse transcription to obtain cDNA
  • PCR amplification of primer pair 1 was carried out to obtain fragment 1 having a size of about 200 bp; after sequencing, the nucleotide sequence of fragment 1 was sequence 1 in the sequence listing; primer pair 1 was 2 pmol, PCR Mix (Genestar Al 12-01) 10ul, cDNA 2ul, add water to 20ul, PCR program 94 °C for 3 minutes, 30 cycles (94 °C 30 seconds, 55 °C 30 seconds, 72 °C 30 seconds), 72 °C, 10 minutes.
  • the obtained fragment 1 was equimolar mixed with the PD0NR221 vector (invitrogen 12535-037), and incubated at 25 degrees for 1 hour to carry out a BP reaction (invitrogen 11789-020) to generate an entry vector, heat-shocked to transform Escherichia coli DH5 a, coated Transformants were obtained by culturing overnight on LB plates containing 50 mg/L kanamycin (simple principle: since the original plasmid PD0NR221 contains a lethal gene ccd B, its transformants cannot survive, only the ccdB gene is replaced with an exogenous fragment. Colonies can grow).
  • BP reaction procedure After incubation for 1 h at 25 °C, add 1 ⁇ l of protease ⁇ , mix and incubate at 37 °C for 10 min. The transformants were subjected to colony PCR, and PCR amplification with primer pair 1 will result in a 200 bp PCR product band. Single colonies were saved as positive clones.
  • the positive cloned plasmid was taken and sequenced.
  • the positive cloned plasmid was the vector obtained by inserting the sequence 1 in the sequence listing into the pD0NR221 vector, and named pD0NR/osc8_l.
  • LR reaction procedure After incubating for 1 h at 25 °C, add 2 ⁇ l of protease mash, mix and incubate at 37 °C for 10 min to extract the plasmid of single colony in the transformant, and send it to sequencing. The result is the name of the plasmid contained in the transformant monoclonal. Is shown in the sequence 1 of the sequence listing of the sequence 1 in the sequence listing of the reverse insertion of the pH7GWIWG2 (II) vector, which is inserted into the sequence of the pH7GWIWG2 (II) vector, pH7GWIWGII-osc8-l
  • the DNA molecule is the RNA interference vector.
  • OsOSCS RNA interference vector acquires fertility plants with reduced fertility
  • the clock interference vector pH7GWIWGI I-osc8-1 obtained from the above was transformed into Agrobac terium tumefaciens EHA105 by electric shock at 1800V (KL Piers et a., 1996, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of yeast. PNAS February 20, vol. 93 no. 4 1613-1618; The public can obtain the transformants from the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • the transformant monoclonal was picked and identified by PCR (using primer pair 1 amplification) to obtain a 200 bp fragment positive clone, named EHA105/pH7GWIWGI I-osc8-1, 15% glycerol_80 °C preservation.
  • RNA interference empty vector was obtained from wild type rice by Agrobacterium, and RNAi-CK-3 was transduced into vector.
  • Table 1 is the medium formula
  • Table 2 shows AAM-AS medium
  • Table 3 is a large number of element formulas.
  • Table 4 is a micro formula.
  • Table 5 is the organic formula.
  • Table 6 is the other formula C 1 00; fiber; 200 ⁇ 1
  • the TO-generation RNA obtained in the above 2 interferes with the booting of the transgenic rice, the young ears of the liquid blistering period are taken.
  • the protein was extracted and detected by Western blot (antibody with antibody 0s0SC8 protein; rabbit serum obtained by immunizing rabbit with 0s0SC8 protein; also monoclonal antibody of OsOSCS protein prepared by Shanghai Aibimar.) 0s0SC8 protein content.
  • RNAi_CK_3 transgenic vector rice
  • TO RNA interference transgenic rice is a mutant obtained by silencing the expression of 0s0SC8 gene in rice by RNA interference.
  • Seed set rate percentage of full grain to total number of seeds (full number of grains + number of empty grains);
  • T0 RNA interference transgenic rice obtained by RNA interference with 0s0SC8 gene expression in rice has reduced fertility compared with wild type rice; more transgenic plants can be screened to obtain sterile transgenic rice.
  • Primer pairs designed to specifically amplify the gene according to the rice triterpene synthase encoding gene OsOSCS the sequences are: Primer pair 2: forward primer 0s0SC8TlF: GAGGTCAAGTCGTCTTCTGCAATTA (sequence 6); reverse primer 0s0SC8TlR: ATTTGTCTGCGCTCTGCACATG (sequence 7);
  • Primer pair 3 forward primer 0s0SC8T13F: GCTTAAAGGTAAATTTCAGGCTTCC (sequence 8); reverse primer 0s0SC8T13R: CGATCAGAATCAATTAAACCCAGAC (sequence 9);
  • Primer pair 4 forward primer 0s0SC8T17F: TCATCCTTAGATTAATTAGCCGACA (sequence 10); reverse primer 0s0SC8T17R: CATAAGGATCTCATAAAATCGACCA (sequence 11);
  • the different primers in each of the above primer pairs are labeled with fluorescent labels of different wavelengths; the fluorescent labels of different wavelengths are fluorescent dye DY-682 (Eurofins DNA Campus Ebersberg, Germany) with a wavelength of 682 nm and fluorescent dye DY- with a wavelength of 782 nm. 782 (Eurofins DNA Campus Ebersberg, Germany).
  • the mutagenized seeds obtained above were rinsed with water, and planted in the field to obtain the first generation mutant M1 generation group; the first generation mutant M1 generation group was selfed to obtain the second generation mutant M2 generation group; the second generation mutant M2 generation group Self-crossing, harvesting and preserving M3 generation mutant population seeds.
  • the seeds of the second-generation mutant M2 generation group were randomly planted with 12 strains of each M2 generation mutant population, and the genomic DNA of each of the second-generation mutant M2 generation populations was extracted; The genomic DNA of four M2 generation plants were mixed (equal mass mixing) to obtain a DNA pool; the DNA concentration was detected and quantified, and the DNA concentration was uniformized.
  • PCR amplification was performed using primer pairs 2, 3, and 4, respectively, to obtain three kinds of PCR amplification products; the procedures and systems for PCR amplification were as follows:
  • the denatured sample at 85 °C was released on ice for 10 min after 10 min.
  • the image of the above electrophoresis result is processed by Adobe Photoshop 8. 0, the mode is changed from a 16-bit channel to an 8-bit channel, the picture is rotated, the picture is set to be 20 cm wide, 27 cm high, and the ratio is canceled. Then adjust the brightness and contrast, and finally save it in JPEG. Analysis by Gelbuddy was observed at 682 nm and 782.
  • Electrophoresis detection of each of the spirit pool corresponding to the digestion product, determining a fertility-reducing mutant or a sterile mutant if the pool corresponding to the digested product produces a bright spot at a wavelength corresponding to the different fluorescent label, then the DNA pool The corresponding n M2 generations have or may have a fertility-reducing mutant or a sterile mutant; if the corresponding digested product of the pool does not produce a bright spot at a wavelength corresponding to the different fluorescent label, then None or none of the n M2 generations corresponding to the pool have no fertility-reducing mutants or sterile mutants; the fertility-reducing mutants are plants having lower fertility than the plants of interest.
  • the above method can directly determine whether the triterpene synthase encoding gene produces a point mutation: if the DNA pool corresponding to the digested product produces a bright spot at a wavelength corresponding to the different fluorescent label, the triterpene synthase encoding gene in the DNA pool Producing or candidate generating a point mutation; if the DNA pool corresponding to the digested product does not produce a bright spot at a wavelength corresponding to the different fluorescent label, the triterpene synthase encoding gene is not produced or the candidate does not produce a point mutation in the DNA pool .
  • the genomics of the four M2 plants corresponding to any of the DNA pools identified above with the sterile mutant or the fertility-reducing mutant are respectively associated with the wild type rice genomic DNA (etc. Mass mixing) as a template; repeat steps 4-5 to obtain the corresponding digested product of M2 generation; recover the corresponding digested product of M2 generation, and the sample of each lane is the genomic DNA of each M2 individual
  • Each PCR product corresponds to a cleavage product; each lane corresponds to a genomic DNA of a M2 plant; if the corresponding digested product of the M2 generation produces a bright spot at a corresponding wavelength of a different fluorescent marker, the M2 And the candidate is a sterile mutant or a fertility-reducing mutant; if the corresponding digested product of the M2 generation does not produce a bright spot at a corresponding wavelength of the different fluorescent label, the M2 generation Not a candidate or a candidate for a sterile mutant or a fertility-reducing
  • a total of three M2 generation single-fertility mutants were screened: P34E8, 4928 and 1708, and also three The zymase-encoding gene ftsftSZ mutant was screened and the corresponding specific amplification primer pairs corresponding to the mutant were screened as follows: Primer pair 2 was used to screen P34E8, 4928, and primer pair 3 was used to screen 1708.
  • Table 10 shows the location of each mutant mutation and the amino acid changes.
  • amino acid and nucleotide positions in the above table are the positions of the OsOSCS protein (amino acid sequence is sequence 2) and the gene (nucleotide sequence is sequence 5) corresponding to the wild type rice.
  • P34E8 is a mutation of the amino acid residue Trp of sequence 2 from the N' end of the sequence 2 in the sequence listing to a stop codon; the sequence 5 in the sequence listing is mutated from the G at the 5' end to the A;
  • 4928 is to mutate the sequence 2 in the sequence listing from the amino acid residue Gly at the N' end to the Glu; and to mutate the sequence 5 in the sequence listing from the G at the 5' end to the A;
  • 1708 is to mutate the sequence 2 in the sequence listing from amino acid residue Gly at position 477 of the N' end to Lys; and to mutate sequence 5 in the sequence listing from G at position 531 of the 5' end to A;
  • the above-selected mutant P34E8 is a 0s0SC8 mutant strain, which was deposited on May 28, 2012 at the General Microbiology Center of China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee (CGMCC, Address: No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing) ), the deposit number is CGMCC No. 6150, and the classification is rice Oryza sa ti va.
  • the above-mentioned fertility-reduced mutant P34E8 (S6) seed was planted in a glass greenhouse at 18 ° C / 25 ° C (night / day) in a natural light. Growth conditions: Temperature 18 ° C / 30 ° C (night / day), humidity 30% -50%, natural light.
  • Mutant P34E8 and wild-type rice were observed during vegetative growth (50-70 days after sowing), both of which grew normally, with 3-5 tillers, and mutant P34E8 showed no abnormal traits.
  • mutant P34E8 S6
  • wild-type rice began to flower, and the mutant P34E8 and wild type were observed in terms of inflorescence traits, florets morphology, number and size of floral organs.
  • mutant P34E8 (S6) has normal conical inflorescences and oblong florets, and the florets have a complete set of floral organs: 1 outer scorpion, 1 inner scorpion, 6 stamens, 1 pistil (with two splits) Feather-like stigma), 2 pieces of pulp, flower organ size development (see Figure 4, B, C, D), no change compared with wild type.
  • the mutant P34E8 (S6) and wild type rice pollen were stained with iodine-potassium iodide (potassium iodide 3 g, lg iodine, diluted to 300 ml). After 5 minutes, observe under a microscope (microscope model: OLYMPUS BX51). The staining results showed that both the mutant and the wild-type pollen turned blue and black, indicating that the starch accumulation was normal (see Fig. ⁇ E, F).
  • the mutant P34E8 (S6) and wild-type pollen were stained with Alexander (refer to Alexander MP., 1969, Stain Technol, 44: 117-122).
  • the staining method was stained with iodine-potassium iodide. The staining results showed that both the mutant and the wild-type pollen were stained purple, indicating that the pollen was viable (see Figure 6, 6, H).
  • Mutant P34E8 (S6) and wild-type rice pollen were tested for viability in vitro, specifically pollen was cultured in the following culture medium: 20% sucrose, 10% PEG4000, 40 mg/L boric acid, 3 mmol/L nitric acid Calcium, 3mg/L vitamin Bl.
  • Detection method Drop 2-3 drops of culture solution on the slide, take the anther in the culture solution when the flower is just about to open, and use the pointed tweezers to crush the anther, pinch the large anther wall, cover the glass The tablets were placed in a large petri dish covered with moist gauze (moisturizing), cultured in a 30 ° C incubator, and observed after 30 minutes.
  • Mutant P34E8 (S6) and wild-type pollen were tested for viability on the stigma by in vivo germination. Tannins are ⁇ -1, 3-glucan, usually distributed in the screens of higher plants, newly formed cell walls, flowers In the powder and pollen tubes, after being dyed with water-soluble aniline blue, yellow to yellow-green fluorescence can be emitted under ultraviolet light excitation. Therefore, the ovary stained with aniline blue after pollination was observed under a fluorescence microscope, and the state of pollen germination on the stigma, the development of the pollen tube, and the deposition of enamel on the surface of the stigma were observed, and the pollen and stigma were judged. Whether it is friendly.
  • Fig. 6 The observation results are shown in Fig. 6. It indicates that some pollen grains adhered to the wild type at 5 min after pollination, and the pollen grains increased with time. The pollen tube began to extend at 20 min, and the pollen tube entered the ovule at 60 min. However, in the corresponding time, the mutants showed little or no adhesion to the stigma, further demonstrating that the fertility of the mutant P34E8 (S6) was reduced due to the decreased ability of pollen to adhere to the stigma or pollen grains. Does not adhere to the stigma.
  • mutant P34E8 (S6) pollen grains did not adhere to the stigma caused by the pollen grains themselves, or caused by stigma changes
  • mutant P34E8 (S6) has a lower fertility than the wild type rice, and the decrease in fertility is caused by a decrease in the ability of the pollen to adhere to the stigma or the inability of the pollen grains to adhere to the stigma.
  • the mutant triterpene synthase encoding gene can lead to a decrease in rice fertility, and therefore, the TILLING screening method can be used to obtain fertility-reducing rice, and even to obtain sterile rice.
  • the following experiment used M3 generation seeds of the fertility-reducing mutant P34E8.
  • RNAi-9, RNAi-12, RNAi_20, RNAi-21 obtained in the above Example 1 were used.
  • the TO-generation RNA interference transgenic rice and the mutant P34E8 (S6) obtained from Example 2 were sown; during the flowering stage of rice (the 80th day to the 100th day after sowing, the flowering stage), the rice inflorescence growth humidity was maintained at 80-100.
  • the flowering order of the inflorescences of rice is from top to bottom.
  • the entire inflorescence flowering period is about 1 week.
  • the wrapped plastic bags or plastic wrap should be removed in time, because the water vapor will accumulate during the package, and the humidity will be too late. The strong effect is not good.
  • the wild-type rice ZH11, the RNAi-9, RNAi_12, RNAi_20, and RNAi-21 obtained from Example 1 interfered with the transgenic rice after moisturizing treatment.
  • the moisturizing rate was shown in Figure 2, and the wild type rice ZH11 was implemented.
  • the sensitization rate of the RNA-resistant transgenic rice of RNAi-9, RNAi_12, RNAi_20 and RNAi-21 obtained in Example 1 after moisturizing treatment was 89.9 ⁇ 1.8%, 78.9 ⁇ 11.3%, 60.2 ⁇ 3.9%, 85.2 ⁇ 16.18, respectively.
  • RNAi_9, RNAi-12, and RNAi-20 RNAi-21 without moisturization was only 42.1 ⁇ 15.3%, 37.9 ⁇ 3.9%, 18.6 ⁇ 16.1, 81.1 ⁇ 6.1%.
  • Mutant P34E8 (S6) The sturdy phenotype after moisturizing treatment is shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen that the mutant P34E8 is greatly improved after moisturizing treatment.
  • the seed setting rate of the mutant P34E8 was 76.25% ⁇ 3.88% after moisturizing treatment, while the seed setting rate of the mutant P34E8 without moisturizing treatment was only 1.85% ⁇ 0.49%. It is indicated that maintaining the humidity of rice inflorescence growth can restore fertility or improve fertility.
  • Hybrid Rice Seeds The fertility-reducing mutants 4928 and P34E8 obtained in Example 2 and the wild type rice Zhonghua 11 and rice 9311, respectively (Jun Yu, Songnian Hu, Jun Wang, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, .... Jian Wang, Lihuang Zhu, Longping Yuan, Huanming Yang. A draft sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) genome. Science. 296: 79-92, 2002; public available from the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Seeding and matching, each group consisting of 30 mutant plants, and a suitable amount of wild-type plants planted at intervals to provide pollen, with 3 replicates.
  • the fertility-reducing mutants 4928 and P34E8 (S6) were separately planted and self-crossed, with 30 trees in each group and 3 replicates as control group. Artificial powdering is carried out during the flowering period from 2012.8.20 to 2012.9.1.
  • the specific method is: gently tapping the wild type rice inflorescence 5-10 times with a bamboo shoot about 2 meters long, so that the pollen is scattered to the mutant inflorescence, 11 per day. Points and 1 point each time, the control group did not process.
  • mutant 4928 and P34E8 (S6) is 7.45 and 12.84, and the hybrid seed setting rate is 22.32%-31.81%. It is estimated that the yield per mu is about 200-300 kg, indicating that the mutant can be used. For hybrid rice breeding.
  • Example 5 Estimation of homologous genes and functions of 0s0SC8 derived from other plants
  • the RT-PCR product of wheat and the RT-PCR product of barley were sent for sequencing.
  • the results were as follows:
  • the gene for the RT-PCR product of wheat was named /3 ⁇ 4ft3 ⁇ 47, which has the nucleotide sequence of sequence 14 in the sequence listing, from 2280
  • the base of the open reading frame (0RF) is 1-2280 bases from the 5' end
  • the protein encoded by the gene is TaOSCl
  • the amino acid sequence of the protein is shown by the sequence 15 in the sequence listing.
  • the nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities were 84.32% and 85.18%, respectively.
  • the gene name of the RT-PCR product of barley is ⁇ 3 ⁇ 47, which has the nucleotide sequence of sequence 16 in the sequence listing, consisting of 2280 bases; its open reading frame (0RF) is from position 1-2280 at the 5' end.
  • the protein encoded by this gene is HvOSCl, the amino acid sequence of the protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 in the sequence listing; the similarity between nucleotide and amino acid sequence is 81.58% and 81.35%, respectively, compared with 0s0SC8.
  • homologous gene of OsOSCS may be very conserved in monocotyledonous plants, according to the genome-wide sequence information of sorghum bicolor L. and maize (zea may L.) (http://phyto5.phytozome.net /), the putative coding sequences of the homologous genes SrOSCl and ZmOSCl were obtained.
  • amino acid sequence derived from sorghum bicolor L. SrOSCl protein is the sequence 18 in the sequence listing, and the coding gene of the protein is the sequence in the sequence listing 19;
  • the amino acid sequence derived from the maize (zea may L.) ZmOSCl protein is the sequence 20 in the sequence listing, and the gene encoding the protein is the sequence 21 in the sequence listing.
  • the above-mentioned coding gene can be obtained by artificial synthesis.
  • TaOSCl source wheat
  • HvOSCl source barley
  • SrOSCl protein derived from sorghum
  • ZmOSCl protein derived from corn
  • TaOSCl source wheat
  • HvOSCl source barley
  • SrOSCl protein derived from sorghum
  • ZmOSCl protein derived from Genetic silencing of maize
  • the experiments of the present invention prove that the present invention provides various methods for preparing a sterile line or a fertility-reducing strain; including RNA interference or TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) technology screening; these methods are all directed to silent triple-combination Enzyme-encoding gene expression is achieved; the invention also provides methods for restoring or improving fertility.
  • the sterile lines prepared by the method of the present invention laid the foundation for rice heterosis and cross breeding.

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Abstract

提供了一种RNA干扰载体以及将其导入目的植物所得到的转基因植物,所述转基因植物为不育转基因植物或育性减低的转基因植物。还提供了一种将目的植物培育为不育突变体或育性降低突变体的方法,该方法包括了通过叠氮化钠诱变目的植物种子的步骤。提供了通过RNA干扰或TILLING(Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes)技术筛选来制备育性减低植物或不育系的方法。

Description

一种制备育性减低植物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域, 尤其涉及一种制备育性减低植物的方法。
背景技术
植物雄性不育是一个与农业生产密切相关的植物学性状, 是植物在发育过 程中基因型表达与环境相互作用的结果。 植株本身的雄性不育就可以在免去人 工去雄的情况下作为遗传工具用于开发利用作物杂种优势, 进行轮回选择, 回 交等育种研究。 利用植物的雄性不育性培育各种雄性不育系, 再借助遗传工程 大量生产杂交种子, 从而使许多作物特别是自花传粉作物的杂种优势得以在生 产上利用, 为大规模生产杂交种子提供了可能性。
水稻是我国重要的粮食作物, 水稻杂种优势和杂交育种方式的发现与常规 育种相比增产 20%以上, 给水稻生产带来了巨大的贡献, 在发现环境敏感的核不 育水稻材料后, 袁隆平院士又提出了两系选育法, 使得水稻杂交育种策略更加 简便, 各方面的品质也得到了提高, 产量又能提高 5-10%。 农垦 58S是最早发现 的光周期调节育型的雄性不育材料, 它和它转育的粳稻和籼稻光敏不育系在一 定温度范围可被长日照诱导不育, 短日照诱导可育。 由于同时又受到温度的影 响, 它们又被称为光温敏不育系。 人们通过基因定位发现一个非编码的前体 RNA 调节了光温敏不育。 但夏季异常低温 (〈23度) 会使得制种失败, 因此光温敏不 育材料的应用受到了一定的影响。
植物生长发育除了收到光照和温度的影响外, 湿度也是一个重要的环境因 素, 虽然湿度和水稻雄性不育的关系国内外都没有任何报道。 但早在 1993年拟 南芥的研究中人们早就发现一类湿度相关的雄性不育的突变体 它是由于 突变体花粉表面含油层 (tryphine ) 缺少长链脂肪酸和蜡质而使得花粉不能从 柱头上吸水,从而导致授粉失败和不育 (但突变体从相对环境湿度 70%的环境移 入相对湿度为 90%的高湿箱, 育性得到了恢复 Preuss et al. , Gene Dev. 1993 7 : 947-985 ) 。
发明公开
本发明的一个目的是提供一种 RNA干扰载体。
本发明提供的 RNA干扰载体, 为将序列表中的序列 1所示的謹分子插入 pH7GWIWG2 ( I I ) 中得到的载体。
上述 RNA干扰载体为将序列表中的序列 1所示的靈分子通过同源重组插 入 PH7GWIWG2 ( I I ) 中得到的载体; 具体为将序列表中的序列 1所示的 DNA分子 通过同源重组正向插入和反向插入 PH7GWIWG2 ( I I ) 中得到的载体。
上述 RNA干扰载体按照如下方法制备:
1 )将序列表中序列 1所示的靈分子与 PD0NR221载体进行 BP反应, 得到 中间载体;
2 )将所述中间载体与 pH7GWIWG2 ( I I )载体进行 LR反应, 得到 RNA干扰载 体。
上述序列表中序列 1所示的 DNA分子具体通过如下方法制备:以水稻的 cDNA 为模板, 用引物对 A进行 PCR扩增, 得到 PCR产物即为序列表中序列 1所示的 DNA分子。
所述引物对 A由序列表中序列 3所示的单链靈和序列 4组成的单链靈 组成。
含有上述的 RNA干扰载体的重组菌或转基因细胞系也是本发明保护的范围。 上述的 RNA干扰载体、 上述的重组菌或转基因细胞系在培育水稻不育系或 降低水稻育性的应用也是本发明保护的范围。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种培育转基因植物的方法。
本发明提供的方法, 为将上述的 RNA干扰载体导入目的植物, 得到转基因 植物; 所述转基因植物为如下 1 ) 或 2 ) :
1 ) 不育转基因植物或 2 ) 所述转基因植物的育性低于所述目的植物; 所述目的植物具体为单子叶植物; 所述单子叶植物进一步具体为水稻。 由上述的方法得到的转基因植物也是本发明保护的范围; 所述转基因植物 为不育转基因植物或育性减低的转基因植物; 所述植物具体为单子叶植物; 所 述单子叶植物进一步具体为水稻。 上述育性减低的转基因植物为转基因植物的 育性低于目的植物的转基因植物。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种将目的植物培育为不育突变体或育性降低 突变体的方法。
本发明提供的方法, 包括如下步骤:
1 ) 诱变目的植物种子和设计用于特异扩增目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因 的引物对 B及标记荧光标记物的引物对 B;
所述诱变目的植物种子为用叠氮化钠诱变多粒目的植物种子, 得到诱变种 子;
所述设计用于特异扩增目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因的引物对 B为根据 所述目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因设计用于特异扩增的引物对 B, 所述标记荧 光标记物的引物对 B中的每条引物标记不同荧光标记物,所述不同荧光标记物的 波长不同;
2 ) 将所述诱变种子培养, 得到第一代突变 Ml 代群体; 将所述第一代突变
Ml代群体自交, 得到第二代突变 M2代群体;
3 ) 提取第二代突变 M2代群体中单株的基因组 DNA; 将 n个 M2代单株的基 因组 DNA混合得到一个 DNA池; n为 2-8 ;
4 ) 以每个所述 DNA池为模板, 用所述引物对 B和所述标记荧光标记物的引 物对 B共同作为引物进行扩增, 得到 PCR产物;
5 ) 将所述 PCR产物经核酸内切酶 CELI酶切, 得到 DNA池对应酶切产物; 6 ) 电泳检测每一个所述 DNA池对应酶切产物, 若所述 DNA池对应酶切产物 在不同荧光标记物对应的波长下均产生亮点, 则所述 DNA池对应的 n个 M2代单 株中有或候选有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体;若所述謹池对应酶切产物在 不同荧光标记物对应的波长下没有均产生亮点, 则所述靈池对应的 n个 M2代 单株中没有或候选没有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体;所述育性降低突变体为 育性低于所述目的植物的植株。
上述方法中, 在所述步骤 6 ) 后还包括如下步骤:
将有或候选有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体的 n个 M2代 M2代单株的基因 组 DNA分别与所述目的植物的基因组 DNA混合作为模板, 重复步骤 4 ) -5 ) , 得 到 M2代单株对应的酶切产物;
电泳检测每一个所述 M2代单株 M2代单株对应的酶切产物, 若所述 M2代单 株对应的酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应波长下均产生亮点, 则所述 M2代单株 为或候选为不育突变体或育性降低突变体; 若所述 M2代单株对应的酶切产物在 不同荧光标记物对应波长下没有均产生亮点, 则所述 M2代单株不为或候选不为 不育突变体或育性降低突变体。
上述方法中, 步骤 1 ) 中, 所述叠氮化钠诱变多粒目的植物种子为将所述多 粒目的植物种子浸泡在浓度为 2mM的叠氮化钠水溶液中 6h; 室温浸泡即可。
所述三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 2 ;
所述不同荧光标记物为波长为 682nm的荧光标记物 DY-682和波长为 782nm 的荧光标记物 DY-782 ;
所述三萜合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列具体为序列表中的序列 5 ;
所述引物对 B为如下 1 ) -3 ) 中的任意一种:
1 )由序列表中序列 6所示的单链謹分子和序列表中序列 7所示的单链 DNA 分子组成;
2 )由序列表中序列 8所示的单链謹分子和序列表中序列 9所示的单链 DNA 分子组成;
3 ) 由序列表中序列 10所示的单链 DNA分子和序列表中序列 11所示的单链 DNA分子组成;
所述目的植物为单子叶植物; 所述单子叶植物为单子叶禾本科植物; 所述单 子叶禾本科植物具体为水稻。
上述育性降低突变体为育性低于目的植物的突变体, 在具体实施例中, 目 的植物具体为水稻, 育性降低突变体具体为育性低于水稻的突变体。
由上述的方法制备的不育突变体或育性降低突变体也是本发明保护的范 围。
上述育性降低突变体, 其保藏号为 CGMCC NO. 6150。
上述的转基因植物或上述的不育突变体或育性降低突变体在杂交制种中的 应用也是本发明保护的范围。 上述育性降低突变体为育性低于目的植物的突变体,所述目的植物为单子叶 植物;所述单子叶植物为单子叶禾本科植物;所述单子叶禾本科植物具体为水稻; 在具体实施例中, 育性降低突变体具体为育性低于水稻的突变体。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种获得不育突变体或育性降低突变体的方法。 本发明提供的方法, 为沉默或失活目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因, 得到 不育突变体或育性降低突变体; 所述育性降低突变体为育性低于所述目的植物 的植株。
上述方法中,所述目的植物为单子叶植物或双子叶植物; 所述单子叶植物具 体为单子叶禾本科植物;
所述单子叶禾本科植物为水稻、 小麦、 大麦、 高粱或玉米;
所述水稻的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 2 ;所述水稻的三萜合 酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 5 ;
所述小麦的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 15 ; 所述小麦的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 14;
所述大麦的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 17 ; 所述大麦的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 16 ;
所述高粱的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 18 ; 所述高粱的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 19;
所述玉米的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 20; 所述玉米的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 21。
上述沉默或失活目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因的方式具体可以采用 RNA 干扰目的植物中三萜合酶编码基因表达或点突变目的植物中三萜合酶编码基因; 上述方法中, 所述沉默或失活水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因为如下 1 ) -3 ) 中 至少一种:
1 ) 将所述水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因的第 764核苷酸残基 G突变为 A;
2 ) 将所述水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因的第 809核苷酸残基 G突变为 A;
3 ) 将所述水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因的第 1431核苷酸残基 G突变为 A。 本发明的第五个目的是提供一种恢复或提高出发植物育性的方法。
本发明提供的方法, 包括如下步骤: 在出发植物的开花期, 保持植物花序 生长湿度为 80-100%; 所述出发植物为不育突变体或育性降低突变体。
上述方法中, 所述不育突变体或育性降低突变体为上述的转基因植物或上 述的不育突变体或育性降低突变体。
上述方法中, 所述保持植物花序生长湿度的时间为 1周;
所述保持植物花序生长湿度的方法为将所述出发植物的整个花序包裹; 所述包裹具体采用塑料袋套在整个花序上或保鲜膜覆盖整个花序。
上述筛选的育性降低突变体 P34E8为 0s0SC8突变株 (即为突变体 S6 ) , 已 于 2012年 05月 28日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简 称 CGMCC, 地址为: 北京市朝阳区北辰西路 1号院 3号) , 保藏号为 CGMCC No. 6150, 分类命名为水稻 Oryza sa tiva。
除非特别指出或是单独定义, 本文所使用的科学和技术术语具有本发明所 属领域技术人员共知的、 无歧义的相同含义。 另外, 本文所述的材料、 方法以 及实施案例本意在于说明和阐述而非限制或限定。
附图说明
图 1为 RNAi株系蛋白的 western blot检测结果
图 2为 RNAi株系的自然结实率和保湿处理后结实率统计结果
图 3为检测到的突变体的电泳图
图 4为野生型(WT )和突变体(P34E8 )的花序(A、B )、小花(C、D,bars=0. 5cm) , 碘 -碘化钾染色 (E、 F, bars=100 m) 和 Alexander染色 (G、 H, bars=100 μ m) 图 5为野生型 (WT ) 和突变体 (P34E8 ) 花粉在培养液中的萌发情况, bars=100 μ m
图 6为不同时间野生型 (WT ) 和突变体 (P34E8 ) 花粉在柱头上的粘附、 萌 发情况, bars=100 m
图 7为野生型 (WT ) 和突变体 (P34E8 ) 正反交后花粉在柱头上的粘附、 萌 发情况, bars=100 m
图 8为野生型 (WT ) 、 突变体 (P34E8 ) 及保湿处理后纯合突变体花序结实 情况, bars=2cm
图 9为大麦和小麦中同源基因的片段的扩增
图 10为禾本科作物中 0s0SC8的同源蛋白序列的比对和可能有效的突变位点 实施发明的最佳方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明, 均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、 试剂等, 如无特殊说明, 均可从商业途径得到。 下述实施例中的定量试验均重复三次, 结果取平均值或平均值士标准差。 水稻中三萜合酶 0s0SC8蛋白的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 2 ; 编码该蛋 白的基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 5。
实施例 1、 RNA干扰制备育性降低的转基因水稻
一、 0s0SC8的 RNA干扰载体的获得
1、 Gateway中间载体 pD0NR221/osc8_l的获得
根据 0s0SC8的基因序列涉及引物如下: 引物对采用 invitrogen公司 gateway 技术, 在正义链引物 5'端加入 attBl序列, 反义链引物 5'端加入 attB2序列。
引物对 1 : sense : 5 ' -AAAAAGCAGGCTGGCTGCACGGATAGAGTT-3 ' (序列 3 ) ant i sense : 5 ' - AGAAAGCTGGGTGCCTGTATGGCTGAGAAA- 3 ' (序列 4) 提耳又水禾菌中花 11 ( Orazy sa tiva L. ssp japonica; 记载在 Zhong_Hai Ren et al. , 2005, A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter. Nature Genetics 37, 1141 - 1146; 公众可从中国科学 院植物研究所获得) 总 RNA, 反转录得到 cDNA
以上述得到的 cDNA为模板, 用引物对 1进行 PCR扩增, 得到大小为 200bp左 右的片段 1 ; 经过测序, 片段 1 的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 1 ; 引物对 1 各 2pmol, PCR Mix (Genestar Al 12-01) 10ul, cDNA 2ul,加水至 20ul, PCR程序 94 °C 3 分钟, 30次循环 (94 °C 30秒, 55°C 30秒, 72°C 30秒), 72 °C , 10分钟。
将得到的片段 1等摩尔与 PD0NR221载体 (invitrogen 12535-037) 混合, 在 25度下保温 1小时, 即进行 BP反应 (invitrogen 11789-020) 生成入门载体, 热 击转化大肠杆菌 DH5 a, 涂布在饱含 50mg/L 卡那霉素的 LB平板上, 培养过夜得到 转化子 (简单原理: 由于原质粒 PD0NR221包含一段致死基因 ccd B,其转化子不能 成活, 只有将 ccdB基因替换为外源片段的菌落才能生长)。
BP反应体系: 片段 1 /片段 2 lOOng/ μ 1 1 μ 1
pDONR/Zeo vector 100ng/ μ 1 1 μ 1
BP Clonase II Enzyme mix 2 μ 1
TE Buffer (PH=8. 0) 6 μ 1
BP反应程序: 25 °C 孵育 lh后,加入 1 μ 1 蛋白酶 Κ,混匀后 37°C 孵育 10min 将转化子进行菌落 PCR,用引物对 1进行 PCR扩增,将能够得到 200bpPCR产物 条带的单菌落保存为阳性克隆。
取阳性克隆的质粒, 送去测序, 结果为阳性克隆的质粒为将序列表中的序列 1 插入 pD0NR221载体中得到的载体, 命名为 pD0NR/osc8_l
2 Gateway终端载体 pH7GWIWGII-osc8_l的获得 (即 0s0SC8 RNAi干扰载体) 将上述 1得到的载体 pD0NR/osc8-l与 1170¥1¾¾2 ( 11 ) (0& 6 et al. , Somatic Cytokinesis and Pollen Maturation in Arabidopsis Depend on TPLATE, Which Has Domains Similar to Coat Proteins, plant cell, 2006, 18 : 3502 - 3518, 公众可从中国科学院植物研究所获得) 进行等摩尔混合, 在 25度保温 1小时, 即 进行 LR反应 (invitrigen 11791-020), 混合物热击转化大肠杆菌 DH5 α, 涂布到 含有 100mg/L的壮观霉素平板上, 37度培养过夜, 分别得到转化子 (原理同 BP反 应)。
LR反应体系: pH7GWIWG2 ( II ) lOOng/ μ 1 1 μ 1
pD0NR/osc8-l 100ng/ μ 1 1 μ 1
LR Clonase Reaction Buffer 4 μ 1
TE Buffer (PH=8. 0) 10 μ 1
LR Clonase enzyme mix 4 μ 1
20 μ 1
LR反应程序: 25 °C 孵育 lh后,加入 2 μ 1 蛋白酶 Κ,混匀后 37°C 孵育 10min 提取转化子中单个菌落的质粒, 送去测序, 结果为转化子单克隆中包含的质粒 命名为 pH7GWIWGII-osc8-l, 其包括正向插入 pH7GWIWG2 ( II ) 载体的序列表中的 序列 1所示的 DNA分子和反向插入 pH7GWIWG2 ( II ) 载体的序列表中的序列 1所示 的 DNA分子, 为 RNA干扰载体。
二、 OsOSCS的 RNA干扰载体获得育性降低的转基因植物
1、 重组农杆菌的获得
将由上述一得到的鍾干扰载体 pH7GWIWGI I-osc8-l在 1800V电击转化农杆菌 (Agrobac terium tumefaciens) EHA105 ( K L Piers et a. , 1996, Agrobacterium tumefaci ens-mediated transformation of yeast. PNAS February 20, vol. 93 no. 4 1613-1618; 公众可从中国科学院植物研究所获得), 得到转化子。
28°C培养两天后挑取转化子单克隆, 摇菌后 PCR鉴定 (用引物对 1扩增), 得 到 200bp片段为阳性克隆, 命名为 EHA105/ pH7GWIWGI I- osc8- 1, 15%甘油 _80°C保 菌。
2、 RNA干扰转基因植物的获得
1 ) 水稻愈伤培养
a) 在超净台放入灭菌 dd¾0、 70%乙醇、 1%升汞及容量为 100ml的灭菌三角瓶, 然后关上玻璃窗, 紫外灭菌 30min后开启,
b) 将水稻中花 11 (以下也称为野生型水稻) 种子倒入灭菌三角瓶中, 用灭菌 ddH20清洗种子 3次, 除去种子表面的杂质及漂浮的种子。
c) 倒掉 dd¾0, 用 70%乙醇对种子消毒 8min, 不时地摇晃, 使其充分消毒。 d) 倒掉 70%乙醇, 用 1%升汞灭菌 8min, 用量不宜过多, 没过种子表面即可。 e) 倒掉 1%升汞, 用灭菌 dd¾0冲洗种子 4遍, 然后加入适量灭菌 dd¾0 (液面 高于种子表面 lcm), 封上封口膜, 浸泡 12h。
f) 在无菌条件下切下水稻种子的成熟胚, 接种于诱导培养基 NB2 上, 25°C暗 培养 3-4周。
g) 将成熟胚上长出的愈伤块切下, 转入继代培养基 NB1上, 25°C暗培养 2周。 h) 将状态好的愈伤块切成绿豆大小的愈伤块, 转至 NB1 培养基上, 25°C暗培 养 4天。
2 ) 农杆菌制备及转化
a) 将 EHA105/ pH7GWIWGI I-osc8-l 以 1: 100的比例接种于 YEB+RIF+SPE液体 培养基 (即含有 25mg/L利福平及 100mg/L壮观霉素的 YEB培养基, 请提供各抗生 素的浓度)中, 28°C 230rpm培养 23h。
b) 再将培养好的菌液以 1 : 50接种于 YEB+RIF+SPE液体培养基中,28°C 230rpm 培养至 0D600达到 0. 5,无菌条件下收集菌液至 50ml灭菌离心管中, 4000g离心 5min 收集菌体, 倒掉上清液。
c) 用 50ml AAM-AS培养基在 100ml灭菌三角瓶中重悬收集的农杆菌菌体, 在 摇床中振荡 45min, 使菌体均匀地分散在培养基中。
d) 将预培养 4天的上述 1 )得到的愈伤块浸没于重悬的菌液中,侵染 5-lOmin, 偶尔摇一下三角瓶。
e) 弃菌液, 将愈伤块倒在无菌滤纸上, 吸干菌液后转移至共培养培养基 NB2C 上(预先在培养基表面垫一层大小合适无菌滤纸), 25°C暗培养 4天, 得到共培养 4 天后的愈伤块。
3 ) 、 阳性愈伤筛选及再生
a)将上述 2 ) 中共培养 4天后的愈伤块小心转移到含有潮霉素(20mg/L)和 特美汀(225mg/L)抗生素的 NB1培养基上, 25 °C暗培养 2周, 筛选阳性转化子。
b)弃掉第一次筛选过程中长菌的愈伤块, 剩下的转入含有潮霉素(20mg/L) 和特美汀(180mg/L)抗生素的 NB1培养基上, 25 °C暗培养 2周,进行第二次筛选。
c)弃掉第二次筛选过程中长菌的愈伤块, 剩下的转入含有潮霉素(50mg/L) 和特美汀(180mg/L)抗生素的 NB1培养基上, 25 °C暗培养 2周,进行第三次筛选。
d)待愈伤块长至 0. 5-0. 8cm大时, 在荧光显微镜下进行镜检, 挑选带有绿 色荧光的愈伤块, 转移至再生培养基 DR1中, 暗培养 1周后再在光照下培养(光 照温度 23度、 强度 50001ux、 周期白天 12h/晚上 12h ) 1周。
e)将再生出小苗或愈伤块一起转移至再生培养基 DR2中, 光照培养(同上)
2周。
f)当再生苗长至 8cm左右时, 将苗移出, 移至草碳土中, 28 °C玻璃温室中 培养, 得到 30株 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻。
采用同样的方法将 PD0NR221和 pH7GWIWG2 ( I I ) 混合进行 LR反应, 得到 RNA干扰空载体; 再将 RNA干扰空载体通过农杆菌转入野生型水稻中, 得到转空 载体水稻 RNAi-CK-3。
上述所用部分培养基配方如下表 1-4:
表 1为培养基配方
Figure imgf000009_0001
表 2为 AAM-AS培养基
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 3为大量元素配方 表 4为微量配方
謹 mm m藝 ii
Figure imgf000010_0004
Figure imgf000010_0006
表 5为有机物配方 表 6为其他配方 机物 C 1 00 ;纖;; 200ΙΠ 1
Figure imgf000010_0005
Figure imgf000010_0007
3、 RNA干扰转基因水稻的 western blot 检测
待上述 2得到的 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻孕穗时, 取液泡化时期的幼穗, 提取蛋白, western blot 检测 (抗体为 0s0SC8蛋白的多抗; 将 0s0SC8蛋白免 疫兔得到的兔血清;也可以为上海艾比玛特定制的 OsOSCS蛋白的单克隆抗体。) 0s0SC8蛋白含量。
结果如图 1所示, 其中, Zhl l 为野生型水稻, 编号为 RNAi-9、 RNAi-12 , RNAi-20、 RNAi-21的为 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻, RNAi_CK_3为转空载体水稻; 可以看出,转基因水稻 RNAi- 9、 RNAi-12和 RNAi-20的 0s0SC8的表达明显降低, 而对照组 RNAi-CK-3和野生型水稻中的 0s0SC8表达相当。
说明编号为 RNAi-9、 RNAi-12 , RNAi_20、 RNAi-21为阳性 TO代 RNA干扰转 基因水稻, 为通过 RNA干扰沉默了水稻中 0s0SC8基因表达得到的突变体。
4、 RNA干扰转基因水稻结实率统计
自然结实:将经过上述 3鉴定的编号为 RNAi-9、 RNAi-12 , RNAi_20、 RNAi-21 的 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻种植于 18 °C /25 °C (黑夜 /白天), 自然光照的玻璃 温室中。 生长条件: 温度 18 °C /30°C (黑夜 /白天), 湿度 30%-50%, 自然光照。 待 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻开花 4周后统计每个穗上的结实率, 以转空载体水 稻 RNAi-CK-3和野生型水稻 ZH11为对照; 每个转基因植物统计 5穗, 结果取平 均值士标准差。
结实率 =饱满粒占总粒数 (饱满粒数 +空粒数) 的百分比;
结果如图 2,
自然结实条件下, 野生型水稻 ZH11、 编号为 RNAi-9、 RNAi-12 , RNAi_20、 RNAi-21的 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻的结实率分别为 93. 5 ± 5. 3%、42. 1 ± 15. 3%、 37. 9 ± 3. 9%、 18. 6 ± 16. 1、 81. 1 ± 6. 1%。
转空载体水稻 RNAi-CK-3和野生型水稻无显著差异。
可见 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻的自然结实率下降至 40%以下,其中 RNAi-20 的下降至 20%以下, 而野生型水稻的自然结实率在 80%以上。
说明通过 RNA干扰了水稻中 0s0SC8基因表达得到的 T0代 RNA干扰转基因 水稻, 与野生型水稻相比育性降低; 筛选更多的转基因植物, 可以获得不育的 转基因水稻。
实施例 2、 利用 TILLING技术筛选获得育性减低突变体
一、 利用 TILLING技术筛选育性减低突变体
1、 诱变目的植物种子和用于特异扩增目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因的引 物对的设计
1 ) 诱变目的植物种子
2mM叠氮化钠水溶液在室温 25 °C浸泡处理 2万粒中花 11号水稻种子 6小时, 得到诱变种子。
2) 引物设计
根据水稻三萜合酶编码基因 OsOSCS设计用于特异扩增该基因的引物对, 序 列分别为: 引物对 2: 正向引物 0s0SC8TlF: GAGGTCAAGTCGTCTTCTGCAATTA (序列 6) ; 反向引物 0s0SC8TlR: ATTTGTCTGCGCTCTGCACATG (序列 7) ;
引物对 3: 正向引物 0s0SC8T13F: GCTTAAAGGTAAATTTCAGGCTTCC (序列 8) ; 反向引物 0s0SC8T13R: CGATCAGAATCAATTAAACCCAGAC (序列 9) ;
引物对 4: 正向引物 0s0SC8T17F: TCATCCTTAGATTAATTAGCCGACA (序列 10); 反向引物 0s0SC8T17R: CATAAGGATCTCATAAAATCGACCA (序列 11) ;
上述每个引物对中的不同引物标记不同波长的荧光标记物; 不同波长的荧 光标记物为波长为 682nm的荧光染料 DY-682 (Eurofins DNA Campus Ebersberg, Germany)和波长为 782nm的荧光染料 DY-782 (Eurofins DNA Campus Ebersberg, Germany) 。
所有正向引物标记用 DY-682荧光标记 5' 末端 (DY-682) , 而所有反向引 物用 DY-782荧光标记 5' 末端 (DY-782) 。
2、 培养
将上述得到的诱变种子清水冲洗, 大田种植培养, 得到第一代突变 Ml 代群 体; 将第一代突变 Ml代群体自交, 得到第二代突变 M2代群体; 第二代突变 M2 代群体自交, 收获保存 M3代突变群体种子。
3、 DNA提取及基因池的构建
收第二代突变 M2代群体的种子, 每个 M2代突变群体株系随机种植 12株, 提取第二代突变 M2代群体中单株的基因组 DNA; -20度保存备用。 将 4个 M2代 单株的基因组 DNA混合 (等质量混合) 得到一个 DNA池; 检测及定量 DNA浓度, 并将 DNA浓度均一化。
4、 PCR扩增
以上述每一个 DNA池为模板, 分别用引物对 2、 3、 4进行 PCR扩增, 得到 3种 PCR扩增产物; PCR扩增的程序与体系如下:
表 7 PCR体系
Figure imgf000012_0001
程序: 95 °C 2min
35 cycles
Figure imgf000013_0001
72 °C 5min
95 °C lOmin
70 °C 20s (-0. 3 °C /cycle) 70cycles
15 °C 5min
PCR运行完后避光放在冰上。
5、 酶切
将上述 4得到的每一个 DNA池的每一种 PCR产物用 CEL I 酶切,得到酶切产物; 酶切体系如下表 8所示:
表 8 CEL I 酶切体系
Figure imgf000013_0002
酶切的程序: 45 °C 酶切 15min.
6、 电泳检测
1 ) 电泳
将上述经过 5得到的各个 DNA池的每一种 PCR产物对应的酶切产物均回收后电 泳, 每一个泳道的样品为一个靈池的每一种 PCR产物对应的酶切产物:
回收: 15ul酶切样品 +20ul水 +5ul 0. 225M EDTA+60ul异丙醇, 盖上硅胶盖, 上下颠倒 30下, 然后室温避光 15min后, 3000转 4°C离心 30min。 离心停止后, 倒 掉上清, 然后把 96孔板倒扣在纸上, 3000转 4°C瞬时离心 10s。 在 96孔板中的沉 淀中加入 lOOul 75%的酒精, 盖上硅胶盖, 上下颠倒 30下, 3000转 4°C离心 20min。 重复 2步。把样品板放在通风厨中凉 2min,彻底没有酒精味后用 5ul loading buffer 溶解沉淀, 然后在振荡器上振荡 5s, 瞬时离心 10s。 85 °C 变性 10min。
电泳:
20ml 6%的胶 (商品胶)
lOOul AP ( -20°C )
25ul TEMED ( 4°C ) 迅速混匀
85 °C变性样品 lOmin后发放在冰上 10min。
表 9 电泳的条件
Figure imgf000013_0003
Time lOmin 3hr
Temperature (°C ) 45 45
在预电泳的 lOmin时间内, 把 0. 45ul样品迅速的点在 100孔的纸梳子上, 在被吸干净 TBE的梳子孔中加入 lml 1%的 Ficol l , 把点好样品的梳子迅速插入 孔中。 运行 Li-COR 4300ο 运行时间根据扩增片段的长短而不同运行 3hr。
2 ) 、 数据分析
将上述电泳结果的图片用 Adobe Photoshop 8. 0 处理, 把模式从 16位通道 改成 8位通道, 旋转图片, 把图片设置成宽 20cm, 高 27cm, 并取消限定比率。 然后调整亮度及对比度,最后用 JPEG保存。用 Gelbuddy分析,在 682nm和 782醒 下观察。
电泳检测每个靈池对应酶切产物, 确定育性降低突变体或者不育突变体: 若所述謹池对应酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应的波长下均产生亮点,则所述 DNA池对应的 n个 M2代单株中有或候选有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体; 若 所述謹池对应酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应的波长下没有均产生亮点,则所 述謹池对应的 n个 M2代单株中没有或候选没有育性降低突变体或者不育突变 体; 所述育性降低突变体为育性低于所述目的植物的植株。
上述方法可以直接判断三萜合酶编码基因是否产生点突变:若所述 DNA池对 应酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应的波长下均产生亮点,则所述 DNA池中三萜合 酶编码基因产生或候选产生点突变;若所述 DNA池对应酶切产物在不同荧光标记 物对应的波长下没有均产生亮点,则所述 DNA池中三萜合酶编码基因未产生或候 选未产生点突变。
部分结果如图 3所示,左边图片是 DY-682的结果,右边图片是 DY-782的结果, 箭头所指的是突变体, 箭头 1所指一个突变体, 箭头 2所指另外一个突变体; 可 以看出, 在 DY682和 DY782下, 有两个泳道对应的 DNA池对应酶切产物均产生亮点, 说明这两个 DNA池分别对应的 4个 M2代单株中有不育突变体或育性降低突变体。
为了进一步确定具体哪个单株为突变体; 将上述鉴定有不育突变体或育性降 低突变体的任一 DNA池对应的 4个 M2单株的基因组靈分别均与野生型水稻基因 组 DNA (等质量混合) 作为模板; 重复步骤 4-5, 得到 M2代单株对应的酶切产物; 回收 M2代单株对应的酶切产物电泳, 每一个泳道的样品为每个 M2单株的基因组 DNA的每个 PCR产物对应的酶切产物; 每个泳道对应一个 M2单株的基因组 DNA; 若所述 M2代单株对应的酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应波长下均产生亮 点, 则所述 M2代单株为或候选为不育突变体或育性降低突变体; 若所述 M2代单 株对应的酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应波长下没有均产生亮点, 则所述 M2代 单株不为或候选不为不育突变体或育性降低突变体。
同时确定该泳道为哪对特异扩增引物对的 PCR产物的酶切产物(根据亮点所在 泳道为哪对特异扩增引物对扩增的 PCR产物的酶切产物, 确定对应的特异扩增产 物), 以其作为后面的验证引物。
共筛选出 3个 M2代单株育性降低突变体: P34E8、 4928和 1708, 同时也是三 萜合酶编码基因 ftsftSZ 突变体,并同时筛选该突变体对应的特异扩增引物对如下: 引物对 2用于筛选 P34E8、 4928, 引物对 3用于筛选 1708。
二、 验证 TILLING技术筛选育性减低系
1、 分子验证三萜合酶编码基因点突变
将上述筛选出 3个 M2单株育性降低突变体: P34E8、4928和 1708,提取 RNA, 反转录得到 c DNA为模板, 用引物对 1进行 PCR扩增, 测序 PCR产物, 结果筛 选出 3个突变体 P34E8、 4928和 1708的突变位点如下表 10所示:
表 10为每个突变体突变的位置及引起氨基酸变化的情况
Figure imgf000015_0001
上述表中的氨基酸和核苷酸的位点为在野生型水稻的 OsOSCS的蛋白 (氨基 酸序列为序列 2 ) 和基因 (核苷酸序列为序列 5 ) 对应的序列的位置。
P34E8为将序列表中的序列 2自 N' 末端第 255的氨基酸残基 Trp突变为终 止密码子; 将序列表中的序列 5自 5 ' 末端第 764的 G突变为 A;
4928为将序列表中的序列 2自 N' 末端第 270的氨基酸残基 Gly突变为 Glu ; 将序列表中的序列 5自 5 ' 末端第 809的 G突变为 A;
1708为将序列表中的序列 2自 N' 末端第 477的氨基酸残基 Gly突变为 Lys ; 将序列表中的序列 5自 5 ' 末端第 1431的 G突变为 A;
上述筛选的突变体 P34E8为 0s0SC8突变株, 已于 2012年 05月 28 日保藏 于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心 (简称 CGMCC , 地址为: 北京 市朝阳区北辰西路 1号院 3号) , 保藏号为 CGMCC No. 6150, 分类命名为水稻 Oryza sa ti va。
2、 TILLING筛选不育系的表型鉴定
以下实验采用 3个育性降低突变体 P34E8、 4928和 1708的 M3代种子。
1 ) 、 突变体的结实率统计
( 1)将上述一得到的 3个育性降低突变体 P34E8、 4928和 1708的种子分别种植 于 18 °C /25 °C (黑夜 /白天), 自然光照的玻璃温室中; 生长条件: 温度
18 °C /30 °C (黑夜 /白天), 湿度 30%-50%, 自然光照。
(2)水稻开花 2周后即能观察出小花的结实率; 统计 5个穗, 实验重复三次, 结果取平均值士标准差。 以野生型水稻为对照。
结果野生型水稻结实率为 94. 81% ± 1. 34%, 突变体 P34E8结实率仅为 1. 85% ± 0. 49%, 突变体 4928和突变体 1708的结实率分别为 4. 38% ± 0. 24%和 3. 87% ± 0. 36%; 说明筛选得到的突变体 P34E8、 4928和 1708, 与野生型水稻相比 育性降低。 2) 、 突变体的育性表型鉴定
将上述一得到的育性降低的突变体 P34E8 (S6) 种子种植于 18°C/25°C (黑 夜 /白天), 自然光照的玻璃温室中。 生长条件: 温度 18°C/30°C (黑夜 /白天), 湿度 30%-50%, 自然光照。
(1) 分蘖
在营养生长期间 (播种后 50-70天)对突变体 P34E8和野生型水稻进行观察, 二者都生长正常, 均具 3-5个分蘖, 突变体 P34E8未表现出异常性状。
(2) 花器官
播种 14周后突变体 P34E8 (S6) 和野生型水稻开始抽穗开花, 突变体 P34E8 和野生型在花序性状、 小花形态、 花器官数量及大小方面进行观察。
结果为突变体 P34E8 (S6) 具有正常的圆锥形花序及长圆形小花, 小花具有 一套完整的花器官: 1枚外稃、 1枚内稃、 6枚雄蕊、 1枚雌蕊 (具二裂羽毛状柱 头) 、 2枚浆片, 花器官大小发育正常 (见图 4中 、 B、 C, D) , 与野生型相比 无改变。
将突变体 P34E8 (S6) 和野生型水稻花粉进行碘 -碘化钾染色 (碘化钾 3g, lg碘, 稀释至 300ml) 。 5分钟后于显微镜下观察(显微镜型号: OLYMPUS BX51) 。 染色结果表明: 突变体与野生型花粉都遇碘变蓝黑色, 表明其淀粉积累正常(见 图 ^E、 F) 。
将突变体 P34E8 (S6) 及野生型花粉进行 Alexander染色 (参考 Alexander MP. , 1969, Stain Technol, 44: 117- 122) .染色液先配制成 50倍的母液: 无水乙 醇 10ml, 1%孔雀石绿 (95%乙醇配制) 1ml, 苯酚 5g, 水合氯醛 5g, 1%酸性 品红水溶液 5ml, 1%橙黄 G水溶液 0.5ml, 冰醋酸 2ml, 甘油 25ml, 蒸馏水定 容至 100ml, 在棕色瓶中保存, 用前稀释, 母液: 蒸馏水 =3:47 (v: v) ) 。 染 色方法同碘-碘化钾染色。染色结果表明:突变体与野生型花粉都被染成紫红色, 表明其花粉是有活力的 (见图 4中6、 H) 。
突变体 P34E8 (S6)及野生型水稻花粉进行体外萌发检测其活力, 具体为花 粉在如下培养液中培养, 培养液的成分: 20%蔗糖, 10% PEG4000,40mg/L硼酸, 3mmol/L硝酸钙, 3mg/L维生素 Bl。 检测方法: 在载玻片上滴 2-3滴培养液, 取小 花刚张开即将散粉时的花药于培养液中, 用尖头镊子把花药夹碎, 夹出大块的 花药壁, 盖盖玻片, 放至铺有湿润纱布 (保湿) 的大培养皿中, 30°C培养箱中 培养, 30分钟后观察。
观察结果表明: 野生型水稻花粉萌发率最高可达 82.8%, 突变体 P34E8 (S6) 花粉萌发率最高可达 80%, 由此可知突变体花粉在体外萌发实验中活力良好 (见 图 5) 。
(3) 花粉粒粘附柱头的能力
突变体 P34E8 (S6)及野生型花粉进行体内萌发检测其在柱头上的活力。 胼 胝质是 β— 1、 3—葡聚糖, 通常分布于高等植物的筛管、 新形成的细胞壁、 花 粉粒以及花粉管中, 将其用水溶性苯胺蓝染色后, 在紫外光激发下, 可发出黄 至黄绿色的荧光。 因此, 把授粉后经苯胺蓝染色的子房放到荧光显微镜下观察, 可看到花粉在柱头上萌发、 花粉管发育的状态, 以及胼胝质在柱头表面的沉积 状况等, 进而判断花粉与柱头是否亲和。 方法(参考 Endo M et al., 2009, Plant Cel l Physiol, 50 : 1911-1922 ) : 取授粉后不同时间的水稻小花, 固定于卡诺 固定液 (无水乙醇: 冰醋酸 =3 : 1 ( v: v ) ) 中, 固定液体积至少为所取材料的 10倍, 固定 30min-2h (不超过 24h, 否则组织变脆) , 经 95%乙醇 5min、 70%乙醇 5min、蒸馏水 5min处理, 目的洗去冰醋酸, 然后用 IN NaOH 60°C软化处理 30min, 把软化后的材料用蒸馏水冲洗三次 (除去大部分氢氧化钠, 此时材料很脆, 小 心操作) , 每次 5min, 冲洗后滴加 0. 1%水溶性苯胺蓝染液 (Ani l ine blue , 国 药集团化学试剂有限公司, 用 0. 1M 磷酸钾水溶液配制) , 染液浸没材料即可, 避光染色 lh左右, 在载玻片上滴一滴 50%甘油, 用镊子取出染色后的小花, 分离 出柱头, 大致摆正二裂羽毛状柱头的方向, 盖上盖玻片, 轻轻敲压使花柱展开 (不要太用力) , UV荧光显微镜 (显微镜型号: OLYMPUS BX51 ) 下观察。
观察结果见图 6所示, 表明授粉后 5min时野生型即有部分花粉粒粘附, 随时 间延长粘附花粉粒增多, 20min时花粉管已经开始延伸, 至 60min时已有花粉管 进入胚珠, 但与之相对应的时间内, 突变体皆表现出花粉粒很少或不粘附柱头 的情况, 进一步证明突变体 P34E8 ( S6 ) 的育性降低是由于花粉粘附柱头的能力 降低或者花粉粒不粘附柱头引起的。
为验证突变体 P34E8 ( S6 ) 花粉粒不粘附柱头的情况是由花粉粒本身引起, 还是由柱头变化引起, 将突变体 P34E8 ( S6 ) 与野生型进行杂交: 取未开裂的野 生型花药授粉于突变体柱头, 以及取未开裂的突变体花药授粉于野生型柱头, 于授粉后 20min及 60min后取柱头经卡诺固定液固定、 苯胺蓝染色后检测花粉在 柱头上的粘附及萌发情况。
检测结果见图 7, 表明野生型花粉能够在纯合突变体柱头上粘附、 萌发并进 入胚珠, 而突变体花粉不能够粘附野生型柱头, 这说明突变体花粉不能够粘附 柱头是由花粉本身引起的, 与柱头无关。
上述实验进一步证明突变体 P34E8 ( S6 ) 与野生型水稻相比, 育性下降, 且 育性降低是由于花粉粘附柱头能力降低或者花粉粒不粘附柱头引起的。
采用同样的方法鉴定突变体 4928和 1708采用上述方法鉴定, 结果与突变体
P34E8 ( S6 ) 无显著差异, 育性均比野生型水稻降低, 且育性降低是由于花粉粒 不粘附柱头引起的。
上述结果表明突变三萜合酶编码基因可以导致水稻育性降低, 因此, 利用 TILLING筛选方法可以用来获得育性降低水稻, 甚至于获得不育水稻。
实施例 3、 恢复育性或者提高育性
以下实验采用育性降低突变体 P34E8的 M3代种子。
保湿处理: 将上述由实施例 1得到的 RNAi-9、 RNAi-12 , RNAi_20、 RNAi-21 的 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻和由实施例 2得到的突变体 P34E8 (S6) 播种; 在水稻 开花期(播种后第 80天-第 100天为开花期), 保持水稻花序生长湿度为 80-100%, 一周后恢复自然湿度 (自然湿度 40-60%) ; 具体保持水稻花序生长湿度的方法 如下: 对水稻整个花序用塑料袋(规格: 长 X宽 =27cmX15Cm)套在整个花序上, 塑料袋开口处用曲别针别住, 或者用保鲜膜覆盖整个花序, 因为保鲜膜容易贴 在一起, 不需要用曲别针别住。
水稻花序开花顺序从上往下开, 整个花序开花期约 1周, 等整个花序开完花 后, 要及时去掉包裹的塑料袋或者保鲜膜, 因为包裹时会聚集很多水汽, 湿度 过大对后期结实影响不好。
统计 5个穗结实率, 实验重复三次, 结果取平均值士标准差。 以野生型水稻
ZH11 (WT) 为对照。
野生型水稻 ZH11、 由实施例 1得到的 RNAi-9、 RNAi_12、 RNAi_20、 RNAi-21 的 TO代 RNA干扰转基因水稻在保湿处理后的保湿结实率见图 2所示, 野生型水稻 ZH11、 由实施例 1得到的 RNAi-9、 RNAi_12、 RNAi_20、 RNAi-21的 TO代 RNA干扰转 基因水稻在保湿处理后的保湿结实率分别为 89.9± 1.8%, 78.9±11.3%, 60.2±3.9%, 85.2±16.18%, 80.3±3.9%; 而未经保湿处理的 RNAi_9、 RNAi- 12、 RNAi-20 RNAi-21的结实率仅为 42.1 ±15.3%、 37.9±3.9%、 18.6±16.1、 81.1±6.1%。
突变体 P34E8 (S6) 在保湿处理后结实表型见图 8所示, 图中可以看出, 突 变体 P34E8经保湿处理后结实大大提高。 统计结实率, 突变体 P34E8经保湿处理 后结实率可达 76.25% ± 3.88%, 而未经保湿处理的突变体 P34E8结实率仅为 1.85%±0.49%。 表明, 保持水稻花序生长湿度处理可以恢复育性或者提高育性。
实施例 4、 育性减低突变体 P34E8 (S6) 在育种中的应用
以下实验采用育性降低突变体 4928、 P34E8 (S6) 的 M3代种子。
制备杂交水稻种子: 将由实施例 2得到的育性减低突变体 4928、 P34E8分别 和野生型水稻中花 11和水稻 9311 (Jun Yu, Songnian Hu, Jun Wang, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, ···. Jian Wang, Lihuang Zhu, Longping Yuan, Huanming Yang. A draft sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) genome. Science. 296: 79-92, 2002; 公众可从中国科学院植物研究所获得) 进行杂交水稻制种配组, 每组包含 30棵突变体植株, 和间隔种植的适量野生型植株, 用于提供花粉, 并 设 3个重复。
同时, 育性减低突变体 4928和 P34E8 (S6) 分别单独分组种植自交, 每组 30 棵, 也设 3个重复, 作为对照组。 在扬花期 2012.8.20-2012.9.1期间进行人工赶 粉, 具体方法为: 用大约 2米长的竹竿轻轻拍打野生型水稻花序 5-10次, 使得花 粉向突变体花序散去, 每天 11点和 1点各一次, 对照组不做处理。
成熟期后每个杂交后和自交后的株系分别选取 30棵植株, 每棵植株收集 1个 主穗, 统计结实率。 结果如表 11所示:
表 11 结实率
Figure imgf000019_0001
可以看出, 突变体 4928和 P34E8 (S6) 田间的自交结实率为 7.45和 12.84, 杂交结实率为 22.32%-31.81%, 估计制种亩产量大约在 200-300斤, 表明突变体 可以用于杂交水稻育种。
实施例 5、 来源于其他植物的与 0s0SC8同源基因及功能推测
一、 克隆同源基因
1) TaOSCl (来源小麦) 和 HvOSCl (来源大麦) 的获得
根据 六 倍体 小 麦 EST序 列 , 设计 引 物 : 5' 端 引 物 : 5 ATGTGGAAGCTCAAGATCGC-3 (序列 12); 3, 端引物: 5 - TTAGCCAGAGCAAAGTACTAAT -3 (序列 13)。以中国春小麦 ( TriticumaestivumL. 贾继增,张正斌, K. Devos, M. D. Gale.小麦 21条染色体 RFLP作图位点遗传多样性分析. 中国科学(C辑:生命科 学). 2001 (01); 公众可从中国科学院植物研究所获得)和 大麦 Varda
vulgare L. Qi X, Niks RE, Stam P, Lindhout P. 1998. Identification of QTLs for partial resistance to leaf rust {Puccinia hordei) in barley. Theor Appl Genet, 96: 1205-1215; 公众可从中国科学院植物研究所获得) 花 总 RNA为模板, 在上述引物对的引导下, RT-PCR扩增 cDNA序列, 反应结束后, 对 PCR产物进行 0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测, 检测结果如图 9所示 (左边为 DNA标准 分子量 lkb Lader, 泳道 Ta为小麦的 RT-PCR产物, 泳道 Hvl和 Hv为大麦的 RT-PCR 产物, 得到分子量为 2-3 kb之间的条带, 与预期结果相符。
将小麦的 RT-PCR产物和大麦的 RT-PCR产物均送去测序, 结果如下: 小麦的 RT-PCR产物的基因命名为/ ¾ft¾7 , 其具有序列表中序列 14 的核苷 酸序列, 由 2280个碱基组成; 其开放阅读框(0RF)为自 5' 端第 1-2280位碱基, 该基因编码的蛋白为 TaOSCl, 该蛋白的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 15所示。 与 0s0SC8进行同源性比较, 核苷酸和氨基酸序列的相似性分别为 84.32%和 85.18%。
大麦的 RT-PCR产物的基因命名^^ ¾7, 其具有序列表中序列 16的核苷酸序 列, 由 2280个碱基组成; 其开放阅读框(0RF)为自 5' 端第 1-2280位碱基, 该基 因编码的蛋白为 HvOSCl, 该蛋白的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 17所示; 与 0s0SC8进行同源性比较, 核苷酸和氨基酸序列的相似性分别为 81.58%和 81.35%
2) 来源于高粱 (sorghum bicolor L. ) SrOSCl和来源于玉米 (zea may L. ) ZmOSCl
由于 OsOSCS的同源基因在单子叶禾本科植物中的功能可能非常保守, 根据 高粱 (sorghum bicolor L. ) 和玉米 ( zea may L. ) 的全基因组序列信息 (http : //phyto5. phytozome. net/), 获得同源基因 SrOSCl和 ZmOSCl的推测的编 码序列。
来源于高粱 (sorghum bicolor L. ) SrOSCl蛋白的氨基酸序列为序列表中 的序列 18, 该蛋白的编码基因为序列表中的序列 19;
来源于玉米 (zea may L. ) ZmOSCl蛋白的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 20, 该蛋白的编码基因为序列表中的序列 21。
可人工合成获得上述编码基因。
二、 功能推测
将上述获得 TaOSCl (来源小麦) 、 HvOSCl (来源大麦) 、 SrOSCl蛋白 (来 源于高粱) 和 ZmOSCl蛋白 (来源于玉米) 进行比较, 结果如图 10所示; 红色箭 头依次是 P34E8、 4928和 1708突变位点, 高粱、 玉米、 小麦和大麦在这些位点的 突变可能导致类似的可恢复的不育表型; 可以看出该方法可以应用在高粱、 玉 米、 小麦和大麦的杂交育种中。
因此证明 OsOSCS的同源基因在单子叶禾本科植物中的功能非常保守。
因此, 根据前面实施例中对来源于水稻的 0s0SC8研究, 可以推测出其他与 其同源性高的 TaOSCl (来源小麦) 、 HvOSCl (来源大麦) 、 SrOSCl蛋白 (来源 于高粱) 和 ZmOSCl蛋白 (来源于玉米) 的基因沉默也可以实现获得不育系。
工业应用
本本发明的实验证明, 本发明提供了多种制备不育系或者育性降低株系的 方法; 包括 RNA干扰或者 TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) 技术筛选; 这些方法均是针对沉默三萜合酶编码基因表达实现的; 本发明还提供 了恢复或提高育性的方法。用本发明的方法制备得到的不育系为水稻杂种优势和 杂交育种奠定了基础。

Claims

1、 一种 RNA 干扰载体, 为将序列表中的序列 1 所示的 DNA 分子插入 PH7GWIWG2 ( I I ) 中得到的载体。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的 RNA干扰载体, 其特征在于: 所述 RNA干扰载体 为将序列表中的序列 1所示的 DNA分子通过同源重组插入 pH7GWIWG2 ( I I ) 中得 到的载体。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的 RNA干扰载体, 其特征在于: 所述 RNA干扰 载体按照如下方法制备:
1 )将序列表中序列 1所示的靈分子与 PD0NR221载体进行 BP反应, 得到 中间载体;
2 )将所述中间载体与 pH7GWIWG2 ( I I )载体进行 LR反应, 得到 RNA干扰载 体;
所述序列表中序列 1所示的 DNA分子具体通过如下方法制备:以水稻的 cDNA 为模板, 用引物对 A进行 PCR扩增, 得到 PCR产物即为序列表中序列 1所示的 DNA分子。
所述引物对 A由序列表中序列 3所示的单链靈和序列 4组成的单链靈 组成。
4、含有权利要求 1-3中任一所述的 RNA干扰载体的重组菌或转基因细胞系。
5、 权利要求 1-3中任一所述的 RNA干扰载体、 权利要求 4所述的重组菌或 转基因细胞系在培育水稻不育系或降低水稻育性的应用。
6、 一种培育转基因植物的方法, 为将权利要求 1-3中任一所述的 RNA干扰 载体导入目的植物, 得到转基因植物; 所述转基因植物为如下 1 ) 或 2 ) :
1 ) 不育转基因植物或 2 ) 所述转基因植物的育性低于所述目的植物; 所述目的植物具体为单子叶植物; 所述单子叶植物进一步具体为水稻。
7、 由权利要求 6所述的方法得到的转基因植物; 所述转基因植物为不育转 基因植物或育性减低的转基因植物; 所述植物具体为单子叶植物; 所述单子叶 植物进一步具体为水稻。
8、 一种将目的植物培育为不育突变体或育性降低突变体的方法, 包括如下 步骤:
1 ) 诱变目的植物种子和设计用于特异扩增目的植物中的三萜合酶编码基因 的引物对 B及标记荧光标记物的引物对 B;
所述诱变目的植物种子为用叠氮化钠诱变多粒目的植物种子, 得到诱变种 子;
所述标记荧光标记物的引物对 B中的每条引物标记不同荧光标记物,所述不 同荧光标记物的波长不同;
2 ) 将所述诱变种子培养, 得到第一代突变 Ml 代群体; 将所述第一代突变 Ml代群体自交, 得到第二代突变 M2代群体;
3 ) 提取第二代突变 M2代群体中单株的基因组 DNA; 将 n个 M2代单株的基 因组 DNA混合得到一个 DNA池; n为 2-8 ;
4 ) 以每个所述 DNA池为模板, 用所述引物对 B和所述标记荧光标记物的引 物对 B共同作为引物进行扩增, 得到 PCR产物;
5 ) 将所述 PCR产物经核酸内切酶 CELI酶切, 得到 DNA池对应酶切产物;
6 ) 电泳检测每一个所述 DNA池对应酶切产物, 若所述 DNA池对应酶切产物 在不同荧光标记物对应的波长下均产生亮点, 则所述 DNA池对应的 n个 M2代单 株中有或候选有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体;若所述謹池对应酶切产物在 不同荧光标记物对应的波长下没有均产生亮点, 则所述靈池对应的 n个 M2代 单株中没有或候选没有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体;所述育性降低突变体为 育性低于所述目的植物的植株。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于:
在所述步骤 6 ) 后还包括如下步骤:
将有或候选有育性降低突变体或者不育突变体的 n个 M2代 M2代单株的基因 组 DNA分别与所述目的植物的基因组 DNA混合作为模板, 重复步骤 4 ) -5 ) , 得 到 M2代单株对应的酶切产物;
电泳检测每一个所述 M2代单株 M2代单株对应的酶切产物, 若所述 M2代单 株对应的酶切产物在不同荧光标记物对应波长下均产生亮点, 则所述 M2代单株 为或候选为不育突变体或育性降低突变体; 若所述 M2代单株对应的酶切产物在 不同荧光标记物对应波长下没有均产生亮点, 则所述 M2代单株不为或候选不为 不育突变体或育性降低突变体。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的方法, 其特征在于:
步骤 1 )中, 所述叠氮化钠诱变多粒目的植物种子为将所述多粒目的植物种 子浸泡在浓度为 2mM的叠氮化钠水溶液中 6h;
所述三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 2 ;
所述不同荧光标记物为波长为 682nm的荧光标记物 DY-682和波长为 782nm 的荧光标记物 DY-782 ;
所述三萜合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列具体为序列表中的序列 5 ;
所述引物对 B为如下 1 ) -3 ) 中的任意一种:
1 )由序列表中序列 6所示的单链謹分子和序列表中序列 7所示的单链 DNA 分子组成;
2 )由序列表中序列 8所示的单链謹分子和序列表中序列 9所示的单链 DNA 分子组成;
3 ) 由序列表中序列 10所示的单链 DNA分子和序列表中序列 11所示的单链
DNA分子组成; 所述目的植物为单子叶植物; 所述单子叶植物为单子叶禾本科植物; 所述单 子叶禾本科植物具体为水稻。
1 1、 由权利要求 8- 10中任一所述的方法制备的不育突变体或育性降低突变 体。
12、 根据权利要求 1 1所述的育性降低突变体, 其特征在于: 所述育性降低 突变体, 保藏号为 CGMCC N0. 6150。
13、 权利要求 7所述的转基因植物或权利要 求 11所述的不育突变体或育性降低突变体或权利要求 12中的所述育性降低突 变体在杂交制种中的应用。
14、 一种获得不育突变体或育性降低突变体的方法, 为沉默或失活目的植 物中的三萜合酶编码基因, 得到不育突变体或育性降低突变体; 所述育性降低 突变体为育性低于所述目的植物的植株。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述目的植物为单子叶植物或双子叶植物;所述单子叶植物具体为单子叶禾 本科植物; 所述单子叶禾本科植物为水稻、 小麦、 大麦、 高粱或玉米;
所述水稻的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 2 ;所述水稻的三萜合 酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 5 ;
所述小麦的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 15 ; 所述小麦的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 14 ;
所述大麦的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 17 ; 所述大麦的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 16 ;
所述高粱的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 18 ; 所述高粱的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 19 ;
所述玉米的三萜合酶的氨基酸序列为序列表中的序列 20 ; 所述玉米的三萜 合酶编码基因的核苷酸序列为序列表中的序列 21。
16、 根据权利要求 14或 15所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述沉默或失活水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因为如下 1 ) -3 ) 中至少一种:
1 ) 将所述水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因的第 764核苷酸残基 G突变为 A;
2 ) 将所述水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因的第 809氨基酸残基 G突变为 A;
3 ) 将所述水稻中的三萜合酶编码基因的第 1431氨基酸残基 G突变为 A。
17、 一种恢复或提高出发植物育性的方法, 包括如下步骤: 在出发植物的 开花期, 保持植物花序生长湿度为 80- 100%; 所述出发植物为不育突变体或育性 降低突变体。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述不育突变体或育性降 低突变体为权利要求 7所述的转基因植物或权利要求 1 1所述的不育突变体或育 性降低突变体或权利要求 12中的所述育性降低突变体。
19、 根据权利要求 17或 18所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述保持植物花序 生长湿度的时间为 1周。
20、 根据权利要求 17-19中任一所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述保持植物 花序生长湿度的方法为将所述出发植物的整个花序包裹;
所述包裹具体采用塑料袋套在整个花序上或保鲜膜覆盖整个花序。
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