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WO2013060405A1 - Valve train for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Valve train for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013060405A1
WO2013060405A1 PCT/EP2012/003966 EP2012003966W WO2013060405A1 WO 2013060405 A1 WO2013060405 A1 WO 2013060405A1 EP 2012003966 W EP2012003966 W EP 2012003966W WO 2013060405 A1 WO2013060405 A1 WO 2013060405A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cam
cam piece
locking element
piece
camshaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/003966
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Stolk
Alexander Von Gaisberg-Helfenberg
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2013060405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013060405A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L1/0532—Camshafts overhead type the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve drive for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the locking of the cam pieces against unintentional axial displacement on the camshaft takes place by means of a spring-loaded detent element, which is arranged radially in the camshaft, and engages in latching contours in the cam piece.
  • the cam piece is thereby displaced beyond the force of the spring.
  • the disadvantage here is that the locking element is constantly effective via a spring and the latching mechanism must be overcome at each initiation of the displacement of the cam piece, with the result that increased displacement forces are required. This leads to premature wear.
  • the switching elements, latching contours and the locking element must therefore be dimensioned larger, resulting in increased weight, volume and energy consumption.
  • a valve train in which the cam piece has a plurality of different cam contours, which are in operative connection with a lift valve. The different cam contours are adjusted by axial displacement of the cam piece on the camshaft.
  • a locking element secures the cam pieces against unwanted axial displacement on the camshaft.
  • the locking element is designed as a two-part, substantially cylindrical pin, whose parts are arranged radially in the camshaft or in the interior of the cam piece. One part of the pin stands by means of one inside the camshaft arranged spring under bias against the other part of the pin, which protrudes beyond the contour of the cam piece.
  • the locking element is pushed inwards against the force of the spring by a roller picker located between the lift valve and the cam, thus unlocking it, even if there is no displacement. This leads to increased wear of the locking mechanism and unnecessary noise.
  • the cam piece temporarily unguided in the axial direction, which can lead to unwanted displacement of the cam piece on the camshaft, for example by vibrations.
  • the locking element can even be in an unlocked position and the cam piece so that it can be displaced by external shocks, eg rail transport of a vehicle with this engine unintentionally.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a valve train for an internal combustion engine, the locking mechanism has a lower wear and increased reliability.
  • the valve train according to the invention consists of a camshaft, which consists of a support shaft with at least one rotatable and axially displaceable on the support shaft cam piece, which is displaceable by a switching element which engages in a shift gate.
  • the cam piece is displaceable by the contour of the shift gate from a first axial end position to a second axial end position and durable by a locking element in these end positions.
  • the locking element is unlocked exclusively during axial displacement of the cam piece and locked exclusively in the region of the end positions of the cam piece. The displacement forces are therefore very low, resulting in lower construction volume, longer life, lower costs and low noise.
  • the cam pieces are locked, except when displaced on the carrier shaft, so that no undesired shifting of the cam pieces can occur, e.g. due to vibrations or vibrations.
  • the cam pieces are thus guided axially at all times, in the end positions by the locking element, when moving through the switching element, which engages in the shift gate.
  • a particularly safe valve train is obtained when the locking element unlocked when operating the switching element and automatically locked when reaching the end positions of the cam piece.
  • the locking element of a bolt for example, a locking bolt, a spring, a guide, which may be formed as a cylindrical protuberance, and at least two detent openings formed.
  • the switching element comprises an actuator and an example designed as an actuating pin actuator.
  • the mechanical coupling of the switching element and the locking element is most easily formed from a rocker and a connecting piece.
  • Fig. 1 detail of the valve train for an internal combustion engine in partial
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the valve drive as in FIG. 1 in a second end position.
  • the valve train according to the invention comprises a camshaft 22, which consists of a carrier shaft 1, which is mounted in at least two camshaft bearings 2a, 2b corresponding left and right.
  • the carrier shaft 1 has at least one cam piece 3 per cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which consists of a central part 15 and on each of the left and right end subsequent cam sections 10, 11, followed by a respective shift gate 5a; 5b.
  • Each shift gate 5a; 5b has a switching contour 12a; 12b, for example in the form of a helical circumferential groove whose groove depth is variable.
  • the switching contour 12b shown on the left in FIG. 1 has a helical shape to the right or to the inner cam portion 10 or to the cam contours 10a, 10b Groove.
  • the switching contour 12a shown on the right also runs mirror-symmetrically from right to left towards the cam contours 11a, 11b.
  • the cam sections 10, 11 each have two different cam contours 10a, 10b; 11a, 11b.
  • the cam contours 10a, 10b; 11a, 11b have different outer contours and thus cause different operating characteristics for gas exchange valves.
  • To the cam portions 10, 11 engage takers or cam follower, for example in the form of rocker arms 17a; 17b, actuate the appropriate gas exchange valves.
  • these are intake valves, but it is also possible to connect exhaust valves with the valve drive according to the invention. Due to the different operating characteristics of the gas exchange valves can be adjusted depending on the power requirements of the engine different valve strokes.
  • the cam piece 3 is rotatably connected to the support shaft 1 and axially displaceable by means of a spline, not shown.
  • the inside provided for longitudinal toothing of the cam piece 3 engages in a corresponding external toothing of the support shaft 1, so that longitudinal displacements of the cam piece 3 on the support shaft 1 are possible, but in the circumferential direction a rotationally fixed connection.
  • the valve train according to the invention has two switching elements 26a, 26b, each with an actuator 4a; 4b, which is, for example, electromagnetically actuated.
  • the actuator 4a; 4b shifts an axially extending to the cam piece 3 actuator, such as an actuating pin 18a; 18b, which then into the switching contour 12a; 12b of the shift gate 5a; 5b engages.
  • the engagement of the actuating element 18a, 18b is possible only in a certain position of the shift gates 12a, 12b.
  • the respective switching position is specified via a locking element 6.
  • the locking element 6 fixes the cam piece 3 on the support shaft 1 for this purpose in two end positions by the locking element 6 engages in two, the end positions exactly associated latching openings 7a, 7b in the support shaft 3.
  • the latching openings 7a, 7b holes, grooves or the like.
  • the locking element 6 is, for example, shown as a bolt guided radially to the carrier shaft 1 in a cylindrical protuberance 23 in the cam piece 3, for example locking bolt 19, which displaces against a force of a spring 9 housed in the cylindrical protuberance 23 into the cylindrical protuberance 23. is rerable.
  • the locking element 6 projects out of the cam piece 3, where according to the invention there is an operative connection of the bolt 19 with the actuators 4 a, 4 b, for example via a mechanical coupling.
  • the operative connection can be embodied in the form of a direction-reversing element, exemplified by rockers 13, 14, which convert a movement of the actuating element 18a, 18b towards the cam piece 3 into a movement of the bolt 19 away from the carrier shaft 1, so that an unlocking takes place.
  • the rockers 13, 14 each consist of a bearing 25a; 25b and two levers 13a, 13b, respectively; 14a, 14b.
  • the levers 13a, 14a of the rockers 13, 14 are loosely on a connecting piece 24 on the latch 19 and the lever 13b, 14b of the rockers 13, 14 are fixedly connected to the actuating element 18a, 18b.
  • the connecting piece 24 is connected to the latch 19 in such a way that the latch 19 is fixedly connected axially to the connecting piece 24 and permits a displacement parallel to the carrier 1 of the bolt 19 in the connecting piece 24.
  • the illustrated active compound is to be seen only as an example. There are also other direction reversing elements used or another locking mechanism conceivable.
  • the locking element 6 fixes the cam piece 3 on the support shaft 1 in the first end position.
  • the following describes how the cam piece 3 enters its second end position shown in FIG.
  • the cam piece 3 is displaced axially by the actuation of the left switching element 26b on the carrier shaft 1 in the second, shown in FIG. 2 end position by the actuator 18b engages in the direction of arrow 20 in the shift gate 5b in the cam piece 3 and the switching contour 12b of the shift gate 5b follows.
  • the actuating element 18b is deactivated by the shift gate 5b, by reducing the depth of the groove of the switching contour 5b, pushing the actuating element 18b back into its starting position.
  • the latch 19 is only completely unlocked from the latching opening 7a, when the actuator 18b has reached its end position in the switching contour 12b, adjacent to this.
  • the locking takes place in the then reached, second end position, as shown in Fig. 2, by the spring 9, the bolt 19th in the left illustrated, second detent opening 7b in the support shaft 1 presses.
  • This takes place in the deactivated state of the actuating element 18b, in which a movement of the left lever 13b of the rocker 13 away from the cam piece 3 and the movement of the right lever 13a of the rocker 13 to the cam piece 3 and thereby releases the latch 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

The adjusting of various cam contours (10a; 10b; 11a; 11b) by axially shifting cam pieces (3) on the camshaft (22) is known. It is disadvantageous that an engaging element in the form of a spring is constantly effective and the engaging mechanism must be overcome during every initiation of the shift of the cam piece (3), having the consequence that increased shifting forces are required. In order to improve same with respect to wear and increased operational reliability, according to the invention the locking element (6) is unlocked solely for the axial shifting of the cam piece (3) and is locked solely in the region of the occupied end positions of the cam piece (3). The invention is intended for valve trains for internal combustion engines.

Description

Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine  Valve train for an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. The invention relates to a valve drive for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der DE 102004056290 A1 ist bereits ein gattungsgemäßer Ventiltrieb bekannt. Das Nockenstück besitzt dabei mehrere unterschiedliche Nockenkonturen, die mit einem Hubventil in Wirkverbindung stehen. Die unterschiedlichen Nockenkonturen werden dabei durch axiales Verschieben des Nockenstücks auf der Nockenwelle eingestellt. From DE 102004056290 A1 a generic valve train is already known. The cam piece has several different cam contours, which are in operative connection with a lift valve. The different cam contours are adjusted by axial displacement of the cam piece on the camshaft.
Die Verriegelung der Nockenstücke gegen ungewolltes axiales Verschieben auf der Nockenwelle erfolgt dabei mittels eines federbelasteten Rastelements, welches radial in der Nockenwelle angeordnet ist, und in Rastkonturen im Nockenstück eingreift. Das Nockenstück wird dabei über die Kraft der Feder hinaus verschoben. Nachteilig ist dabei, dass das Rastelement über eine Feder ständig wirksam ist und der Verrastmechanismus bei jeder Einleitung der Verschiebung des Nockenstücks überwunden werden muss, mit der Folge, dass erhöhte Verschiebekräfte erforderlich sind. Dies führt zu vorzeitigem Verschleiß. Die Schaltelemente, Rastkonturen und das Verriegelungselement müssen dadurch stärker dimensioniert werden, was zu erhöhtem Gewicht, Bauvolumen und Energieverbrauch führt. The locking of the cam pieces against unintentional axial displacement on the camshaft takes place by means of a spring-loaded detent element, which is arranged radially in the camshaft, and engages in latching contours in the cam piece. The cam piece is thereby displaced beyond the force of the spring. The disadvantage here is that the locking element is constantly effective via a spring and the latching mechanism must be overcome at each initiation of the displacement of the cam piece, with the result that increased displacement forces are required. This leads to premature wear. The switching elements, latching contours and the locking element must therefore be dimensioned larger, resulting in increased weight, volume and energy consumption.
Ebenfalls ist aus der DE 19702389 A1 ein Ventiltrieb bekannt, bei dem das Nockenstück mehrere unterschiedliche Nockenkonturen aufweist, die mit einem Hubventil in Wirkverbindung stehen besitzt. Die unterschiedlichen Nockenkonturen werden dabei durch axiales Verschieben des Nockenstücks auf der Nockenwelle eingestellt. Ein Verriegelungselement sichert die Nockenstücke gegen ungewolltes axiales Verschieben auf der Nockenwelle. Dazu ist das Verriegelungselement als zweiteiliger, im wesentlich zylindrischer Stift ausgebildet, dessen Teile radial in der Nockenwelle angeordnet bzw. im Inneren des Nockenstücks sind. Der eine Teil des Stifts steht mittels einer im Innern der Nockenwelle angeordneten Feder unter Vorspannung gegen den anderen Teil des Stifts, welcher über die Kontur des Nockenstücks herausragt. Bei jeder Nockenwellenumdrehung wird das Verriegelungselement durch einen zwischen Hubventil und Nocken angeordneten Rollenabnehmer gegen die Kraft der Feder nach Innen gedrückt und so entriegelt, auch wenn kein Verschiebevorgang stattfindet. Dies führt zu einem erhöhten Verschleiß des Verriegelungsmechanismus und zu unnötiger Geräuschentwicklung. Außerdem ist bei jeder Nockenwellenumdrehung, bei der nicht gleichzeitig eine Verschiebung des Nockenstücks stattfindet, das Nockenstück zeitweise in axialer Richtung ungeführt, was zu ungewollter Verschiebung des Nockenstücks auf der Nockenwelle , z.B. durch Vibrationen führen kann. Bei Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine kann das Verriegelungselement sogar in einer entriegelten Position stehen und das Nockenstück damit durch äußere Erschütterungen, z.B. Bahntransport eines Fahrzeugs mit dieser Brennkraftmaschine ungewollt verschiebbar sein. Also known from DE 19702389 A1 is a valve train in which the cam piece has a plurality of different cam contours, which are in operative connection with a lift valve. The different cam contours are adjusted by axial displacement of the cam piece on the camshaft. A locking element secures the cam pieces against unwanted axial displacement on the camshaft. For this purpose, the locking element is designed as a two-part, substantially cylindrical pin, whose parts are arranged radially in the camshaft or in the interior of the cam piece. One part of the pin stands by means of one inside the camshaft arranged spring under bias against the other part of the pin, which protrudes beyond the contour of the cam piece. Each time the camshaft is rotated, the locking element is pushed inwards against the force of the spring by a roller picker located between the lift valve and the cam, thus unlocking it, even if there is no displacement. This leads to increased wear of the locking mechanism and unnecessary noise. In addition, at each camshaft rotation, in which there is no simultaneous displacement of the cam piece, the cam piece temporarily unguided in the axial direction, which can lead to unwanted displacement of the cam piece on the camshaft, for example by vibrations. At standstill of the internal combustion engine, the locking element can even be in an unlocked position and the cam piece so that it can be displaced by external shocks, eg rail transport of a vehicle with this engine unintentionally.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, dessen Verriegelungsmechanismus einen geringeren Verschleiß und eine erhöhte Betriebssicherheit besitzt. The invention has for its object to provide a valve train for an internal combustion engine, the locking mechanism has a lower wear and increased reliability.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patenanspruches 1 gelöst. Der erfindungsgemäße Ventiltrieb besteht aus einer Nockenwelle, die aus einer Trägerwelle mit wenigstens einem drehfest und axial auf der Trägerwelle verschiebbaren Nockenstück besteht, welches durch ein Schaltelement, das in eine Schaltkulisse eingreift, verschiebbar ist. Das Nockenstück ist durch die Kontur der Schaltkulisse von einer ersten axialen Endposition in eine zweite axiale Endposition verschiebbar und durch ein Verriegelungselement in diesen Endpositionen haltbar. Dabei wird das Verriegelungselement ausschließlich beim axialen Verschieben des Nockenstücks entriegelt und ausschließlich im Bereich der Endpositionen des Nockenstücks verriegelt. Die Verschiebekräfte sind daher sehr niedrig, was zu geringerem Bauvolumen, längerer Lebensdauer, niedrigeren Kosten sowie geringer Geräuschentwicklung führt. Ebenso sind in allen Betriebszustän- den die Nockenstücke, außer beim Verschieben auf der Trägerwelle, verriegelt, so dass es zu keinem ungewollten Verschieben der Nockenstücke kommen kann, z.B. durch Vibrationen oder Erschütterungen. Die Nockenstücke sind somit zu jeder Zeit axial geführt, in den Endpositionen durch das Verriegelungselement, beim Verschieben durch das Schaltelement, das in die Schaltkulissen eingreift. According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The valve train according to the invention consists of a camshaft, which consists of a support shaft with at least one rotatable and axially displaceable on the support shaft cam piece, which is displaceable by a switching element which engages in a shift gate. The cam piece is displaceable by the contour of the shift gate from a first axial end position to a second axial end position and durable by a locking element in these end positions. In this case, the locking element is unlocked exclusively during axial displacement of the cam piece and locked exclusively in the region of the end positions of the cam piece. The displacement forces are therefore very low, resulting in lower construction volume, longer life, lower costs and low noise. Likewise, in all operating conditions, the cam pieces are locked, except when displaced on the carrier shaft, so that no undesired shifting of the cam pieces can occur, e.g. due to vibrations or vibrations. The cam pieces are thus guided axially at all times, in the end positions by the locking element, when moving through the switching element, which engages in the shift gate.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Ein besonders sicherer Ventiltrieb ergibt sich, wenn das Verriegelungselement beim Betätigen des Schaltelements entriegelt und bei Erreichen der Endpositionen des Nockenstücks automatisch verriegelt. Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims. A particularly safe valve train is obtained when the locking element unlocked when operating the switching element and automatically locked when reaching the end positions of the cam piece.
Dabei ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Entriegelung des Verriegelungselements durch eine mechanische Kopplung des Schaltelements und des Verriegelungselements stattfindet. It is particularly advantageous if the unlocking of the locking element takes place by a mechanical coupling of the switching element and the locking element.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das Verriegelungselement aus einem Riegel, beispielsweise aus einem Verriegelungsbolzen, einer Feder, einer Führung, die als zylindrische Ausstülpung ausgebildet sein kann, und zumindest zwei Rastöffnungen gebildet. In a preferred embodiment, the locking element of a bolt, for example, a locking bolt, a spring, a guide, which may be formed as a cylindrical protuberance, and at least two detent openings formed.
Vorzugsweise umfasst das Schaltelement einem Aktuator und ein beispielsweise als Betätigungsbolzen ausgeführtes Betätigungselement. Preferably, the switching element comprises an actuator and an example designed as an actuating pin actuator.
Die mechanische Kopplung des Schaltelements und des Verriegelungselements wird am Einfachsten aus einer Wippe und einem Verbindungsstück gebildet.  The mechanical coupling of the switching element and the locking element is most easily formed from a rocker and a connecting piece.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.  Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Dabei zeigen: Showing:
Fig. 1 ausschnittweise den Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine in teilweiser  Fig. 1 detail of the valve train for an internal combustion engine in partial
Schnittdarstellung mit schematisch vereinfachtem Verriegelungsmechanismus in einer ersten Endposition und  Sectional view with schematically simplified locking mechanism in a first end position and
Fig. 2 ausschnittweise den Ventiltrieb wie in Fig. 1 in einer zweiten Endposition.  2 shows a detail of the valve drive as in FIG. 1 in a second end position.
Der erfindungsgemäße Ventiltrieb umfasst eine Nockenwelle 22, die aus einer Trägerwelle 1 besteht, welche in wenigstens zwei Nockenwellenlagern 2a, 2b entsprechend links und rechts gelagert ist. Die Trägerwelle 1 weist wenigstens ein Nockenstück 3 pro Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine auf, welches aus einem mittigen Teil 15 und daran jeweils links und rechts endseitig anschließenden Nockenabschnitten 10, 11 besteht, gefolgt von jeweils einer Schaltkulisse 5a; 5b. Jede Schaltkulisse 5a; 5b besitzt eine Schaltkontur 12a; 12b, z.B. in Form einer wendeiförmig umlaufenden Nut, deren Nuttiefe veränderlich ist. Die in Fig. 1 links dargestellte Schaltkontur 12b hat eine wendeiförmig nach rechts bzw. zum inneren Nockenabschnitt 10 bzw. zu den Nockenkonturen 10a, 10b verlaufende Nut. Die rechts dargestellte Schaltkontur 12a verläuft ebenso spiegelsymmetrisch von rechts nach links zu den Nockenkonturen 11a, 11 b hin. Die Nockenabschnitte 10, 11 weisen jeweils zwei verschiedene Nockenkonturen 10a, 10b; 11a, 11 b auf. Die Nockenkonturen 10a, 10b; 11a, 11 b besitzen unterschiedliche Außenkonturen und bewirken so verschiedene Betätigungscharakteristiken für Gaswechselventile. An die Nockenabschnitte 10, 11 greifen Abnehmer bzw. Nockenfolger z.B. in Form von Schlepphebeln 17a; 17b an, die entsprechend vorgesehende Gaswechselventile betätigen. Es handelt sich beim Ausführungsbeispiel um Einlassventile, es können aber auch Auslassventile mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Ventiltrieb geschaltet werden. Durch die verschiedenen Betätigungscharakteristiken der Gaswechselventile lassen sich je nach Leistungsbedarf der Brennkraftmaschine unterschiedliche Ventilhübe einstellen. Dies erfolgt durch Verschieben des Nockenstücks 3 mit seinen Nockenkonturen 10a, 10b, 1 1a, 1 1b auf der Trägerwelle 1. Die zwei Nockenkonturen 10a, 10b des einen Nockenabschnitts 10 stehen je nach Position des Nockenstücks 3 auf der Trägerwelle 1 abwechselnd mit einem ersten einlassseitigen Gaswechselventil, die zwei Nockenkonturen 11a, 11 b des anderen Nockenabschnitts 11 mit einem zweiten einlassseitigen Gaswechselventil über die Schlepphebel 17a, 17b in Wirkverbindung. Das Nockenstück 3 ist auf der Trägerwelle 1 drehfest und axial verschiebbar mittels einer nicht dargestellten Längsverzahnung verbunden. Die innenseitig vorgesehende Längsverzahnung des Nockenstücks 3 greift dabei in eine korrespondierende Außenverzahnung der Trägerwelle 1 ein, so dass Längsverschiebungen des Nockenstücks 3 auf der Trägerwelle 1 möglich sind, aber in Umfangsrichtung eine drehfeste Verbindung erfolgt. The valve train according to the invention comprises a camshaft 22, which consists of a carrier shaft 1, which is mounted in at least two camshaft bearings 2a, 2b corresponding left and right. The carrier shaft 1 has at least one cam piece 3 per cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which consists of a central part 15 and on each of the left and right end subsequent cam sections 10, 11, followed by a respective shift gate 5a; 5b. Each shift gate 5a; 5b has a switching contour 12a; 12b, for example in the form of a helical circumferential groove whose groove depth is variable. The switching contour 12b shown on the left in FIG. 1 has a helical shape to the right or to the inner cam portion 10 or to the cam contours 10a, 10b Groove. The switching contour 12a shown on the right also runs mirror-symmetrically from right to left towards the cam contours 11a, 11b. The cam sections 10, 11 each have two different cam contours 10a, 10b; 11a, 11b. The cam contours 10a, 10b; 11a, 11b have different outer contours and thus cause different operating characteristics for gas exchange valves. To the cam portions 10, 11 engage takers or cam follower, for example in the form of rocker arms 17a; 17b, actuate the appropriate gas exchange valves. In the exemplary embodiment, these are intake valves, but it is also possible to connect exhaust valves with the valve drive according to the invention. Due to the different operating characteristics of the gas exchange valves can be adjusted depending on the power requirements of the engine different valve strokes. This is done by moving the cam piece 3 with its cam contours 10a, 10b, 11a, 1b on the carrier shaft 1. The two cam contours 10a, 10b of the one cam portion 10 are depending on the position of the cam piece 3 on the carrier shaft 1 alternately with a first inlet side Gas exchange valve, the two cam contours 11a, 11b of the other cam portion 11 with a second inlet-side gas exchange valve via the cam followers 17a, 17b in operative connection. The cam piece 3 is rotatably connected to the support shaft 1 and axially displaceable by means of a spline, not shown. The inside provided for longitudinal toothing of the cam piece 3 engages in a corresponding external toothing of the support shaft 1, so that longitudinal displacements of the cam piece 3 on the support shaft 1 are possible, but in the circumferential direction a rotationally fixed connection.
Weiter besitzt der erfindungsgemäße Ventiltrieb zwei Schaltelemente 26a, 26b mit jeweils einem Aktuator 4a; 4b, der beispielsweise elektromagnetisch betätigbar ist. Der Aktuator 4a; 4b verschiebt ein axial zum Nockenstück 3 verlaufendes Betätigungselement, beispielsweise einem Betätigungsbolzen 18a; 18b, das dann in die Schaltkontur 12a; 12b der Schaltkulisse 5a; 5b eingreift. Der Eingriff des Betätigungselements 18a, 18b ist nur in einer bestimmten Stellung der Schaltkulissen 12a, 12b möglich. Die jeweilige Schaltstellung wird über ein Verriegelungselement 6 vorgegeben. Das Verriegelungselement 6 fixiert das Nockenstück 3 auf der Trägerwelle 1 hierzu in zwei Endpositionen, indem das Verriegelungselement 6 in zwei, den Endpositionen genau zugeordneten Rastöffnungen 7a, 7b in der Trägerwelle 3 eingreift. Erfindungsgemäß können die Rastöffnungen 7a, 7b Bohrungen, Nuten oder ähnliches sein. Das Verriegelungselement 6 ist bspw. als radial zur Trägerwelle 1 in einer zylindrischen Ausstülpung 23 im Nockenstück 3 geführter Riegel z.B. Verriegelungsbolzen 19 dargestellt, der gegen eine Kraft einer in der zylindrischen Ausstülpung 23 untergebrachten Feder 9 in die zylindrische Ausstülpung 23 verla- gerbar ist. Am unteren Ende ragt das Verriegelungselement 6 aus dem Nockenstück 3 heraus, wo erfindungsgemäß eine Wirkverbindung des Riegels 19 mit den Aktuatoren 4a, 4b besteht, beispielhaft über eine mechanische Kopplung. Die Wirkverbindung kann in Form eines richtungumkehrenden Elements ausgeführt sein, beispielhaft über Wippen 13, 14 dargestellt, die eine Bewegung des Betätigungselements 18a, 18b zum Nockenstück 3 hin in eine Bewegung des Riegels 19 von der Trägerwelle 1 weg umwandeln, so dass eine Entriegelung erfolgt. Die Wippen 13, 14 bestehen aus jeweils einem Lager 25a; 25b und jeweils zwei Hebeln 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b. Dabei liegen die Hebel 13a, 14a der Wippen 13, 14 lose auf einem Verbindungsstück 24 am Riegel 19 auf und die Hebel 13b, 14b der Wippen 13, 14 sind fest mit den Betätigungselement 18a, 18b verbunden. Das Verbindungsstück 24 ist mit dem Riegel 19 in der Art verbunden, dass der Riegel 19 axial mit dem Verbindungsstück 24 fest verbunden ist und eine Verschiebung parallel zur Trägerelle 1 des Riegels 19 im Verbindungsstück 24 zulässt. Die dargestellte Wirkverbindung ist nur als Beispiel zu sehen. Es sind ebenfalls andere richtungumkehrende Elemente verwendbar bzw. ein anderer Verriegelungsmechanismus denkbar. Next, the valve train according to the invention has two switching elements 26a, 26b, each with an actuator 4a; 4b, which is, for example, electromagnetically actuated. The actuator 4a; 4b shifts an axially extending to the cam piece 3 actuator, such as an actuating pin 18a; 18b, which then into the switching contour 12a; 12b of the shift gate 5a; 5b engages. The engagement of the actuating element 18a, 18b is possible only in a certain position of the shift gates 12a, 12b. The respective switching position is specified via a locking element 6. The locking element 6 fixes the cam piece 3 on the support shaft 1 for this purpose in two end positions by the locking element 6 engages in two, the end positions exactly associated latching openings 7a, 7b in the support shaft 3. According to the invention, the latching openings 7a, 7b holes, grooves or the like. The locking element 6 is, for example, shown as a bolt guided radially to the carrier shaft 1 in a cylindrical protuberance 23 in the cam piece 3, for example locking bolt 19, which displaces against a force of a spring 9 housed in the cylindrical protuberance 23 into the cylindrical protuberance 23. is rerable. At the lower end, the locking element 6 projects out of the cam piece 3, where according to the invention there is an operative connection of the bolt 19 with the actuators 4 a, 4 b, for example via a mechanical coupling. The operative connection can be embodied in the form of a direction-reversing element, exemplified by rockers 13, 14, which convert a movement of the actuating element 18a, 18b towards the cam piece 3 into a movement of the bolt 19 away from the carrier shaft 1, so that an unlocking takes place. The rockers 13, 14 each consist of a bearing 25a; 25b and two levers 13a, 13b, respectively; 14a, 14b. The levers 13a, 14a of the rockers 13, 14 are loosely on a connecting piece 24 on the latch 19 and the lever 13b, 14b of the rockers 13, 14 are fixedly connected to the actuating element 18a, 18b. The connecting piece 24 is connected to the latch 19 in such a way that the latch 19 is fixedly connected axially to the connecting piece 24 and permits a displacement parallel to the carrier 1 of the bolt 19 in the connecting piece 24. The illustrated active compound is to be seen only as an example. There are also other direction reversing elements used or another locking mechanism conceivable.
In Fig. 1 fixiert das Verriegelungselement 6 das Nockenstück 3 auf der Trägerwelle 1 in der ersten Endposition. Im Folgenden wird beschrieben, wie das Nockenstück 3 in seine in Fig. 2 dargestellte zweite Endposition gelangt. Das Nockenstück 3 wird durch das Betätigen des linken Schaltelements 26b axial auf der Trägerwelle 1 in die zweite, in Fig. 2 dargestellte Endposition verschoben, indem das Betätigungselement 18b in Pfeilrichtung 20 in die Schaltkulisse 5b im Nockenstück 3 eingreift und der Schaltkontur 12b der Schaltkulisse 5b folgt. Beim Erreichen der zweiten Endposition wird das Betätigungselement 18b deaktiviert, indem die Schaltkulisse 5b durch Reduzierung der Tiefe der Nut der Schaltkontur 5b das Betätigungselement 18b in seine Ausgangposition zurückdrückt. Durch den Eingriff und die Form der Schaltkulisse 5b kommt es zu einem Verschieben des Nockenstücks 3 nach links. Dabei wird zugleich die Entriegelung des Nockenstücks 3 auf der Trägerwelle 1 vorgenommen. Bewegt sich zum Schalten das Betätigungselement 18b und damit der dem linken Betätigungselement 18b zugeordnete Hebel 13b der Wippe 13 zum Nockenstück 3 hin, bewegt sich der dem Verbindungsstück 24 zugeordnete Hebel 13a der Wippe 13 vom Nockenstück 3 weg. Das Verbindungsstück 24 wird durch den Hebel 13a der Wippe 13 ebenfalls von der Trägerwelle 1 wegbewegt und nimmt dabei den Riegel 19 mit. Der Riegel 19 wird über diese Wirkverbindung gegen die Kraft der Feder 9 in Pfeilrichtung 21 aus der rechts dargestellten Rastöffnung 7a in der Trägerwelle 1 in die Führung des Riegels 23 im Nockenstück 3 verlagert und entriegelt dabei. Dabei ist der Riegel 19 erst komplett aus der Rastöffnung 7a entriegelt, wenn das Betätigungselement 18b seine Endstellung in der Schaltkontur 12b, anliegend an dieser, erreicht hat. Nachdem durch den Eingriff des Betätigungselements 18b in die Schaltkulisse 12b die Verschiebung des Nockenstücks 3 auf der Trägerwelle 1 nach links abgeschlossen ist, erfolgt die Verriegelung in der dann erreichten, zweiten Endposition, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, indem die Feder 9 den Riegel 19 in die links dargestellte, zweite Rastöffnung 7b in der Trägerwelle 1 drückt. Dies erfolgt im deaktivierten Zustand des Betätigungselements 18b, bei dem eine Bewegung des linken Hebels 13b der Wippe 13 vom Nockenstück 3 weg und der Bewegung des rechten Hebels 13a der Wippe 13 zum Nockenstück 3 hin erfolgt und dabei den Riegel 19 freigibt. Dies passiert genau zu dem Zeitpunkt, wenn das Nockenstück 3 seine axiale Endposition erreicht hat und somit der Riegel 19 auf Höhe der linken Rastöffnung 7b in der Trägerwelle 1 ist. Die beiden Rastöffnungen 7a, 7b sind ortsfest an der Trägerwelle 1 , da sich nur das Nockenstück 3 mit dem radialen Riegeln 19 axial auf der Trägerwelle 1 bewegt. Der Abstand der Rastöffnungen 7a, 7b entspricht genau dem Verschiebeweg zwischen den beiden Endpositionen des Nockenstücks auf der Trägerwelle 1. In Fig. 1, the locking element 6 fixes the cam piece 3 on the support shaft 1 in the first end position. The following describes how the cam piece 3 enters its second end position shown in FIG. The cam piece 3 is displaced axially by the actuation of the left switching element 26b on the carrier shaft 1 in the second, shown in FIG. 2 end position by the actuator 18b engages in the direction of arrow 20 in the shift gate 5b in the cam piece 3 and the switching contour 12b of the shift gate 5b follows. When the second end position is reached, the actuating element 18b is deactivated by the shift gate 5b, by reducing the depth of the groove of the switching contour 5b, pushing the actuating element 18b back into its starting position. Due to the engagement and the shape of the shift gate 5b, there is a displacement of the cam piece 3 to the left. At the same time the unlocking of the cam piece 3 is made on the support shaft 1. Moves for switching the actuator 18b and thus the left actuator 18b associated lever 13b of the rocker 13 towards the cam piece 3, moves the the connecting piece 24 associated lever 13a of the rocker 13 away from the cam piece 3. The connecting piece 24 is also moved away from the carrier shaft 1 by the lever 13a of the rocker 13, thereby taking the bolt 19 with it. The bolt 19 is displaced via this operative connection against the force of the spring 9 in the direction of arrow 21 from the detent opening 7a shown on the right in the carrier shaft 1 in the guide of the bolt 23 in the cam piece 3 and unlocks it. In this case, the latch 19 is only completely unlocked from the latching opening 7a, when the actuator 18b has reached its end position in the switching contour 12b, adjacent to this. After the displacement of the cam piece 3 is completed on the support shaft 1 to the left by the engagement of the actuating element 18b in the shift gate 12b, the locking takes place in the then reached, second end position, as shown in Fig. 2, by the spring 9, the bolt 19th in the left illustrated, second detent opening 7b in the support shaft 1 presses. This takes place in the deactivated state of the actuating element 18b, in which a movement of the left lever 13b of the rocker 13 away from the cam piece 3 and the movement of the right lever 13a of the rocker 13 to the cam piece 3 and thereby releases the latch 19. This happens exactly at the time when the cam piece 3 has reached its axial end position and thus the bolt 19 is at the level of the left detent opening 7b in the carrier shaft 1. The two latching openings 7a, 7b are stationary on the carrier shaft 1, since only the cam piece 3 with the radial latches 19 moves axially on the carrier shaft 1. The spacing of the latching openings 7a, 7b corresponds exactly to the displacement path between the two end positions of the cam piece on the carrier shaft 1.
Zum Erneuten axialen Verschieben des Nockenstücks 3 in die erste, in Fig. 1 dargestellte Endposition auf der Trägerwelle 1 greift das rechte Betätigungselement 18a in die Schaltkulisse 5a im Nockenstück 3 ein. Der Riegel 19 wird beim Betätigen des Schaltelements 26a über die Wirkverbindung 8 gegen die Kraft der Feder 9 aus der Rastöffnung 7b entriegelt und verriegelt bei Erreichen der ersten Endposition, indem die Feder 9 den Riegel 19 in die Rastöffnung 7a drückt, nachdem das Schaltelement 26a durch Deaktivierung den Riegel 19 freigibt. For re-axial displacement of the cam piece 3 in the first, shown in Fig. 1 end position on the support shaft 1 engages the right actuator 18a in the shift gate 5a in the cam piece 3 a. The latch 19 is unlocked upon actuation of the switching element 26a via the operative connection 8 against the force of the spring 9 from the detent opening 7b and locked upon reaching the first end position by the spring 9 pushes the latch 19 in the latching opening 7a after the switching element 26a through Deactivation releases the latch 19.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Ventiltrieb für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Nockenwelle, die aus einer 1. Valve drive for an internal combustion engine with a camshaft, which consists of a
Trägerwelle mit wenigstens einem drehfest und axial auf der Nockenwelle verschiebbaren Nockenstück besteht, welches durch ein Schaltelement von einer ersten axialen Endposition in eine zweite axiale Endposition verschiebbar und durch ein Verriegelungselement in diesen Endpositionen haltbar ist,  Carrier shaft with at least one rotationally fixed and axially displaceable on the camshaft cam piece, which is displaceable by a switching element from a first axial end position to a second axial end position and by a locking element in these end positions,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verriegelungselement (6) ausschließlich zum axialen Verschieben des Nockenstücks (3) entriegelt und ausschließlich im Bereich der eingenommenen Endpositionen des Nockenstücks (3) verriegelt.  characterized in that the locking element (6) unlocked exclusively for the axial displacement of the cam piece (3) and locked exclusively in the area of the assumed end positions of the cam piece (3).
2. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Betätigen des 2. Valve drive according to claim 1, characterized in that upon actuation of the
Schaltelements (26a; 26b) das Verriegelungselement (6) entriegelt und bei Erreichen der Endpositionen das Verriegelungselement (6) automatisch verriegelt.  Switching element (26a, 26b) unlocks the locking element (6) and automatically locks the locking element (6) when the end positions are reached.
3. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch eine 3. Valve drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that by a
mechanische Kopplung (13; 14; 22) des Schaltelements (26a; 26b) und des Verriegelungselements (6) die Entriegelung des Verriegelungselements (6) stattfindet.  mechanical coupling (13; 14; 22) of the switching element (26a; 26b) and of the locking element (6) the unlocking of the locking element (6) takes place.
4. Ventiltrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verriegelungsmechanismus mit Verriegelungselement (6), einen Riegel (19), eine Feder (9), eine Führung des Riegels (23) und zumindest zwei Rastöffnungen (7a, 7b) umfasst. Ventiltrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (26a; 26b) einen Aktuator (4a; 4b) und ein Betätigungselement (18a; 18b) umfasst. 4. Valve gear according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a locking mechanism with locking element (6), a bolt (19), a spring (9), a guide of the bolt (23) and at least two latching openings (7a, 7b ). Valve gear according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching element (26a, 26b) comprises an actuator (4a, 4b) and an actuating element (18a, 18b).
Ventiltrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Kopplung Wippen (13; 14) und ein Verbindungsstück (24) umfasst. Valve gear according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the mechanical coupling rockers (13; 14) and a connecting piece (24).
PCT/EP2012/003966 2011-10-27 2012-09-21 Valve train for an internal combustion engine WO2013060405A1 (en)

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DE102016210975A1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-21 Mahle International Gmbh Valve train for an internal combustion engine
US10385738B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-08-20 Avl List Gmbh Variable valve control device for internal combustion engines

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10385738B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-08-20 Avl List Gmbh Variable valve control device for internal combustion engines
DE102016210975A1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-21 Mahle International Gmbh Valve train for an internal combustion engine

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