WO2012133004A1 - 基板切断方法及び切断装置 - Google Patents
基板切断方法及び切断装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133004A1 WO2012133004A1 PCT/JP2012/057063 JP2012057063W WO2012133004A1 WO 2012133004 A1 WO2012133004 A1 WO 2012133004A1 JP 2012057063 W JP2012057063 W JP 2012057063W WO 2012133004 A1 WO2012133004 A1 WO 2012133004A1
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- substrate
- cutting
- electrode
- frequency
- cut
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/09—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/013—Arc cutting, gouging, scarfing or desurfacing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
- B26F3/06—Severing by using heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/023—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor the sheet or ribbon being in a horizontal position
- C03B33/0235—Ribbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/52—Ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/54—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/56—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26 semiconducting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/41—Winding, unwinding
- B65H2301/414—Winding
- B65H2301/4148—Winding slitting
- B65H2301/41487—Winding slitting trimming edge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of cutting a substrate by applying thermomechanical stress.
- the present invention also relates to an apparatus for precisely manufacturing a substrate shape by such a cutting method.
- a material fragment such as chips or fine particles at the time of cutting. Occurs. Such chips may adhere to the substrate surface. Moreover, a fine crack may be formed in a cut surface.
- a laser beam is used for heating along a path on the substrate, followed by cooling with a liquid, a gas, or a mixed fluid thereof to induce predetermined destruction.
- this cutting method has the following disadvantages: the required equipment is expensive, personnel must be protected directly and indirectly from laser exposure, and the optical material for the laser beam varies with the material to be cut. The behavior is different.
- the laser cutting method is suitable only for a limited thickness of material, and the condition adjustment becomes complicated when cutting a substrate that is too thin or too thick.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method of cutting without removing a part of the substrate (so as not to generate material fragments such as chips and fine particles). It is a further object of the present invention to effectively process thin and thick substrates and allow the substrates to be cut into straight or free shapes. Another object of the present invention is to avoid the influence of material fragments on the substrate surface during cutting. It is a further object of the present invention to obtain a clean and flat surface of the cutting area and to avoid the formation of microfractures along the cutting boundary. A further object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive cutting method. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method that can be easily implemented and cuts without different adjustments to materials of different thicknesses.
- the present invention provides: (A) supplying a substrate to be cut; (B) applying electrical and thermal energy to the substrate by one or more electrodes connected to an AC voltage source and supplying an AC voltage and current to a predetermined region of the substrate at a frequency ranging from 1 kHz to 10 GHz; And heating the area, (C) cooling the area; (D) During the step (b), (I) the electrode relative to the substrate; (Ii) moving the substrate relative to the electrode or (iii) moving both the electrode and the substrate relative to each other to move the region along the path of the substrate surface. Move A method of cutting the substrate along the path is provided.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electrode (1) directed to the surface of material (5).
- FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of the electrical component (8) according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a possible configuration for automation of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a microscope slide of a glass plate (thickness 0.7 mm) cut under the following conditions. Cutting conditions: 2.5 A, 3.85 mm / sec, 0.1 MPa (1 bar) cooling air pressure, 500 ⁇ m sample-electrode distance.
- FIG. 5 shows the electric arc formed between the glass sample and the electrode during the cutting process.
- FIG. 6A shows a cut portion of a chemically strengthened glass plate (thickness 0.7 mm) cut under the following conditions.
- FIG. 6B shows a cut surface of a chemically strengthened glass plate (thickness 0.7 mm) cut under the following conditions.
- Cutting conditions 2.5 A, 3.85 mm / sec, 0.1 MPa (1 bar) cooling air pressure, 500 ⁇ m sample-electrode distance.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows an example in which the cutting method / apparatus of the present invention is used for cutting the edge of a glass ribbon.
- the method of cutting a substrate of the present invention includes: (a) supplying a substrate to be cut; (b) applying electrical and thermal energy to the substrate by one or more electrodes connected to an AC voltage source; Supply an AC voltage and current to a predetermined area of the substrate at a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz to heat the area, (c) cool the area, and (d) during step (b), (i ) Moving the electrode relative to the substrate, (ii) moving the substrate relative to the electrode, or (iii) moving both the electrode and the substrate relative to each other.
- the method is characterized in that the region is moved along a path on the surface of the substrate, and the substrate is cut along the path.
- the substrate acts as a counter electrode to establish an electrical closed circuit.
- the counter electrode is provided on the opposite side of the substrate to be cut to establish an electrical closed circuit.
- the counter electrode is grounded.
- step (b) itself forms an electric arc between the electrode and the predetermined area, preferably the electric arc is used for substrate cutting.
- the current needs a closed loop.
- “electrical circuit” is meant to relate to an electrical network having a closed loop that includes a return path for the flowing current to return.
- the substrate acts as part of this loop.
- the current leaving the AC (High Voltage High Frequency) power source flows back to the power source through the electrode, the arc between the electrode and the substrate, and the substrate itself.
- the substrate itself acts as a counter electrode and a return path. This setting is more easily configured by grounding the AC power supply.
- a dedicated conductive path (for example, wiring) leading from the substrate to the power supply can be omitted.
- a counter electrode is used to provide a dedicated ground return.
- the arrangement of the electrodes makes it possible to further control the current and heat paths through the substrate to some extent.
- the heating of the substrate is controlled by adjusting the AC voltage and / or current and / or the distance between the substrate and the electrode.
- epsilon r is the relative permittivity
- epsilon 0 is the dielectric constant
- tan [delta dielectric loss tangent, omega is frequency
- E is a value obtained by dividing an electric field or voltage at a thickness of the substrate.
- This equation defines a user-controllable cutting parameter: (1) Increasing the frequency ⁇ increases heating and allows for faster heating, thus allowing for faster cutting or thick material cutting. This equation also provides a way to compensate for dielectric parameters that are not favorable to cutting, such as low dielectric loss tangent and low dielectric constant. (2) Increasing the voltage increases the dielectric loss and thus the cutting ability.
- Heating from the outside by an electric arc can also play a role for cutting, so changing its strength affects cutting.
- the electric arc depends on the supply voltage, current, frequency and the distance between the substrate and the electrode. Depending on the substrate material, these parameters can be changed to determine the optimum cutting conditions.
- the electrode is provided at a distance of 0 mm to 100 mm from the substrate on one or both sides of the substrate.
- the heat inside the substrate can be controlled using the distance between the electrode and a different substrate. Since the electric arc depends on the electrode distance, the substrate heating of the electric arc will also be different on both sides of the substrate. This difference is therefore reflected in the vertical temperature distribution inside the substrate.
- step (b) comprises a voltage in the range of 10V to 10 7 V, preferably 100V to 10 6 V, more preferably 100V to 10 5 V and 1 kHz to 10 GHz, preferably It is implemented by supplying a frequency in the range of 10 kHz to 1 GHz, more preferably 100 kHz to 100 MHz.
- the nature of the electric arc is controlled by changing the atmosphere surrounding the electrode and substrate.
- atmosphere for example, nitrogen, argon or sulfur hexafluoride has a pressure of 1 Pa (10 ⁇ 5 bar) to 100 MPa (10 3 bar), preferably 100 Pa (10 ⁇ 3 bar) to 1 MPa (10 bar). .
- the shape and temperature of the electric arc can be controlled as well as the shape and size of the area in contact with the electric arc.
- the predetermined area is cooled by any of the following methods: (I) passively by heat conduction and / or convection by the surrounding environment, (Ii) by contacting the substrate to an element that efficiently absorbs heat, optionally an element that acts as an active heat pump, such as a Peltier element, (Iii) by actively supplying a gas, a liquid, a mixed fluid thereof, or a mixture of a gas and a solid in the vicinity of the predetermined region or directly to the region.
- an active heat pump such as a Peltier element
- the inventor believes that cutting is due to a thermal gradient along the cutting path.
- the tensile stress generated when the heated area is cooled again results in cracking and cutting.
- Such thermal gradients are increased by facilitating the cooling of these heated regions, and therefore cracking due to tensile stress is also increased.
- the simplest case of cooling occurs when heat is conducted from the heated area to other areas of the substrate.
- the following method can be used as a better cooling method.
- a large heat storage body heat reservoir
- the substrate is actively cooled using, for example, a heat pump, or is actively cooled by adding a refrigerant to the substrate (for example, gas Or liquid flow).
- the method further includes step (a2), wherein the predetermined area is cooled prior to step (b).
- the cooling step (a2) can be applied.
- the two main effects of this are (1) increasing the brittleness of the material and hence the ease of cracking and (2) increasing the maximum achievable thermal gradient.
- the maximum temperature T in the substrate is lower than the melting temperature T melting of the material and is usually limited to T ⁇ T melting . This is because at such high temperatures, cutting usually no longer occurs. Thus, starting from a lower temperature allows a higher gradient.
- the predetermined area is cooled by any of the methods (i) to (iii) described above.
- the active cooling is moved along the same path on the substrate as the predetermined area moves.
- the active cooling is applied through one or more nozzles located at a fixed distance to the electrode, and the cooling movement on the substrate is any of the following: To be achieved. (I) relative movement of the nozzle relative to the substrate; (Ii) relative movement of the substrate relative to the nozzle; (Iii) relative movement for each of both the nozzle and the substrate.
- the stress in the substrate is induced or induced along a path intended for cutting prior to step (b).
- This multi-path method makes it possible to introduce a preferential disconnect path. This is particularly important for substrates that already have high internal tensile stresses and can be compensated in this way.
- the AC power source is a high voltage high frequency device having an AC voltage in the range of 10V to 10 7 V, preferably 100 V to 10 6 V, more preferably 100 V to 10 5 V.
- a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz, preferably 10 kHz to 1 GHz, more preferably 100 kHz to 100 MHz can be generated.
- the high-voltage high-frequency device is selected from a resonant transformer such as a Tesla transformer, a flyback transformer, a high-power high-frequency source and a high-frequency solid-state chopper based on a semiconductor. .
- a resonant transformer such as a Tesla transformer, a flyback transformer, a high-power high-frequency source and a high-frequency solid-state chopper based on a semiconductor.
- the high voltage high frequency device is coupled to one or more electrodes of any conductive material.
- a conductive material preferably has a high melting point and low resistance, and is a noble metal such as palladium, platinum or gold.
- the electrode used for voltage supply must be stable.
- the high melting point material is preferably oxidation resistant.
- noble metals such as Pt and Pd have such properties.
- the electrode has a length in the range of 1-300 mm, preferably 2-100 mm, more preferably 3-50 mm, 0.1-20 mm, preferably 0.2-10 mm, more Preferably it has an average diameter in the range of 0.4-4 mm.
- the electrodes it is preferable to make the electrodes as short as possible to reduce current leakage and hence power loss.
- handling becomes easy and thermal separation from a hot region becomes easier.
- the actual electrode length and thickness are determined according to the power and frequency used.
- the electrode is a pointed tip having a curvature in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 5 mm, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm, more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm.
- the substrate is made of an electrically insulating material such as glass, aluminum nitride, zirconia, spinel, ceramics, doped silicon and crystalline silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide.
- electrical semiconductor materials such as compound semiconductors.
- the substrate may be provided with an additional layer of conductive material such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) or non-conductive material such as metal oxide on one or both sides.
- ITO tin-doped indium oxide
- non-conductive material such as metal oxide
- the voltage and / or frequency is adjusted by the electrical and physical properties of the substrate, such as relative permittivity, conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, thickness, etc.
- the heat dissipation in the substrate that is, the applied power is expressed by the following equation.
- p in ⁇ r ⁇ 0 tan ⁇ E 2
- the increase in temperature is proportional to p in :
- dT (p in / ⁇ c) dt
- material properties ie ⁇ , tan ⁇ , ⁇ (density), c (specific heat)
- velocity inversely proportional to dt
- shape parameters eg thickness
- a resonant transformer with a transformer drive circuit is used as the AC power source, and the substrate becomes part of the closed circuit and affects the resonant frequency of the closed circuit.
- the frequency of the transformer drive circuit is adjusted according to physical properties such as substrate dimensions and dielectric properties.
- Resonant transformers usually operate by driving a second transformer coil at or near its resonant frequency. Placing the substrate between the two ends of this second coil changes its resonant frequency and hence the frequency required to drive it. The change in resonance frequency depends on the dielectric and shape of the substrate, and it may be necessary to adjust the drive accordingly for optimal operation.
- the resonant transformer is used as an AC voltage source and is driven by a fixed frequency set to match the circuit resonance described above.
- the circuit that drives the resonant transformer may be designed in such a way as to select the natural frequency or resonant frequency of the transformer. This configuration allows the power source to be automatically adjusted, for example, even when the substrate material or shape parameters change.
- the resonant transformer is used as an AC power source and is driven at a frequency that deviates from the resonant frequency to control the nature of the electric arc as well as the dielectric loss in the substrate.
- the use of a fixed frequency of the voltage source is possible when the conditions under which the disconnection does not change significantly. Also, by using a fixed frequency of the voltage source, the behavior of the electric arc can be controlled by frequency selection as well as focusing and heating to the substrate.
- step (b) the substrate material in the predetermined area is not melted, removed or removed from the predetermined area.
- step (b) the substrate material in the predetermined area is melted and / or removed from the predetermined area.
- the path is a straight line, a curved line, an angled straight line, a closed line, or any combination thereof, and the path defines the substrate to be cut.
- the separation of the substrate is controlled by applying mechanical compression or tension to the substrate, preferably along the path.
- cutting causes cracking / separation of the substrate by applying tensile stress.
- a method for more preferably controlling the cutting path is provided. This is possible, for example, by applying a force to the boundary by compressing or pulling the substrate.
- an initial failure trigger such as an initial artificial crack, is introduced into the substrate, and step (b) is initiated at the first failure trigger portion.
- a second failure trigger such as a second artificial crack
- a separation pass is provided for the second failure trigger, eg, the second artificial crack.
- Step (b) is executed so as to pass through to the crack and finish.
- an artificial destructive trigger can be introduced into the final part of the cut.
- a failure trigger is obtained, for example, by scratching the substrate with a sharp jig tool harder than the substrate itself.
- the movement of the predetermined region along the path on the substrate and the movement of the cooling on the substrate are at a speed in the range of 0.01 mm / second to 10,000 mm / second.
- the movement of the predetermined area along the path on the substrate surface is slowed down at the initial and final separation portions of the substrate to improve the quality at such portions.
- the voltage and / or frequency is adjusted, eg, by maintaining a constant speed / power ratio, to compensate for the rate of decrease at the beginning and end of the cut.
- the tensile stress conditions differ between the main part and the peripheral part of the substrate, especially when cutting. In order to compensate for these differences during cutting, it is sometimes necessary to change the speed and cutting power. As an example, the speed and cutting power are gradually increased at the beginning of cutting, and these parameters are gradually decreased as the end of the cutting pass is approached.
- Such devices are: (I) an AC voltage source capable of supplying a voltage in the range of 10 V to 10 7 V and a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz; (II) a first electrode connected to the AC voltage source; (III) holding means for holding the substrate to be cut and exposing one side of the substrate to the electrode; (IV) optionally, cooling means provided at a distance fixed to the electrode to cool the substrate; (V) the electrode, optionally the electrode used in combination with the cooling means, and a moving means for moving the substrates relative to each other; (VI) control means for controlling said configurations (I), (V), and in some cases (IV); (VII) In some cases, a counter electrode provided on the opposite side of the substrate; (VIII) Optionally, a cooling nozzle provided on the opposite side of the substrate is included.
- the AC voltage source includes a frequency generator driving power unit, a primary coil of a resonant transformer as a Tesla generator coupled to the power unit, and the resonant transformer connected to the first electrode.
- a feedback mechanism for controlling / setting the power output of the secondary coil and the resonant transformer is included.
- the apparatus according to the present invention further includes a numerical control device and a management camera that enable movement of the substrate held by the electrode and / or the holding means.
- control means also controls execution of the defined method by the management camera and the numerical control device.
- the cutting achieved by the method according to the invention can be perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
- the cut may be at a non-90 ° angle, for example, greater than 90 °, such as 95 °, 100 °, 105 °, or less than 90 °, such as 80 °, 70 °, 60 °, etc. . All these angles formed between the side surface of the substrate and the top surface of the substrate or the bottom surface of the substrate are included in the present invention.
- the term “apply to a position adjacent to the predetermined area” means that the flow is applied to the periphery of the area, which is due to the heat provided in step (b). It is an affected area.
- the region is sized in the range of 0.001 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 , preferably 0.1 cm 2 to 10 cm 2 , more preferably 0.1 cm 2 to 1 cm 2 .
- the term also means applying the flow directly to the region.
- neighboring the region means “region affected by heat” or is used as a synonym.
- Tesla transformer and “Tesla generator” are used interchangeably throughout.
- a voltage is applied to the substrate, resulting in a current flowing through the substrate.
- current enters the substrate at a defined point on the substrate. This point may also be referred to herein as a “predetermined region”, meaning the region of the substrate where current enters.
- an electrode for providing the voltage and the current to the region of the substrate is provided at a distance ranging from 0 mm to 100 mm from the substrate. When the electrode is provided at 0 mm from the substrate, it means that the electrode is in contact with the substrate.
- the electrode When the electrode is provided at a distance of> 0 mm from the substrate, it means that the electrode is not in direct contact with the substrate. As the current flows, an electric arc is formed. A person skilled in the art can determine the parameters required for electric arc formation so that current begins to flow from the electrode to the substrate in the predetermined region.
- applying a current to the substrate causes local substrate heating in the predetermined region. It should be noted that this heating typically does not melt the material in the predetermined area of the substrate, and it is preferable that no material be removed or blown away from the predetermined area. On the other hand, local heating of the substrate as high as possible results in improved cutting speed. Therefore, in order to increase the cutting speed while preventing contamination of the substrate surface, the length of the path, the cutting speed, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate material, the conductivity, so that the substrate material is heated as high as possible without melting. It is preferable to set a frequency and a voltage according to physical property values such as a thermal expansion coefficient and a thickness. In particular, it is more preferable to control the frequency and voltage according to the temperature history while monitoring the temperature of the substrate.
- the heating that occurs in step (b) is accomplished by applying current to the substrate in the manner described above, more specifically at a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz. Therefore, in this embodiment, dielectric loss can contribute to the heating of the substrate, and the effect of the electric arc can be increased.
- a predetermined area of the substrate is moved along the substrate. This means that the place where the voltage is applied, and thus the current flows through the substrate, is not static.
- Such movement is usually accomplished in one way: (I) movement of the electrode relative to the substrate, (ii) movement of the substrate relative to the electrode, and (iii) movement relative to both the substrate and the electrode.
- Such relative movement usually occurs along the path of the substrate surface. This pass also determines the shape of the substrate to be cut.
- a path is not along one edge of the substrate, but across all or at least a portion of the substrate.
- Such a path can be a straight line, a curved line, an angled line, or a closed line. An example of this closed line is when a part of the substrate is cut from the inside of the substrate.
- the material in the predetermined region is heated, it is not normally melted and is not removed from the substrate or blown off by itself. If melting occurs, it will interfere with the accuracy and quality of the cut.
- the step (c), that is, the step of cooling the heated predetermined region occurs negatively by convection and / or conduction from the heated part.
- the cooling occurs mostly by aggressive cooling.
- Such aggressive cooling is accomplished by applying a gas stream such as air, nitrogen or argon, a gas and liquid mixture, an aerosol stream, or a gas and solid stream such as a carbon dioxide dry ice mixture.
- the cooling is also local. That is, it occurs along the same path on the substrate as the path in which the predetermined area moves.
- This can be achieved, for example, by providing an electrode and a cooling means such as a cooling nozzle at a fixed distance from each other and tracking the cooling means after the electrode at the fixed distance.
- the inventor also contemplates embodiments in which the cooling means precede the electrodes along the path.
- the predetermined area is first cooled and then heated.
- step (b) and step (c) are effectively reversed in order, the defined area is first cooled, and then voltage and current are applied thereto and heated.
- An embodiment in which the cooling step precedes heating and further cools after heating is also possible. These are all conceived by the present inventor and are included in the scope of the present invention.
- an electrode for applying voltage and current to a substrate is provided on one side of the substrate.
- a second or counter electrode may be provided, which is provided on the opposite side of the substrate.
- the movement of the predetermined area is a speed in the range of 0.01 mm / second to 10,000 mm / second. As explained above, such movement is achieved by moving the electrode relative to the substrate, vice versa (moving the substrate relative to the electrode), or moving relative to each other relative to each other. Is possible. Therefore, the relative speed between the electrode and the substrate is in the range of 0.01 mm / second to 10000 mm / second.
- the movement path can be a curve having all radii of curvature from 0 to infinity (straight line), and includes a circular shape.
- the voltage provided is in the range of 10 2 V to 10 7 V and has a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz.
- the high frequency provided (1) causes dielectric loss inside the substrate, and (2) current generated by an electric arc usually heats the substrate in a predetermined area of the substrate.
- the inventor believes that the heat introduced into the substrate induces a tensile stress in the substrate, and that the path of a given region can cause controlled breakage or controlled separation. Think of it as something to receive. Such an effect can be further improved by strengthening the temperature gradient that produces the tensile stress due to the additional cooling described above. For example, such additional cooling may occur before or after local heating or both.
- Such control destruction or separation can be assisted by adding further mechanical means.
- mechanical tension by an appropriate means such as appropriate pulling or tightening or mechanical tension by an ultrasonic device.
- the relative movement of the electrode / cooling means relative to the substrate can be manipulated by a numerical control device that is manipulated on the spot or at a remote location. All settings for carrying out the method according to the invention can be controlled using a suitable computer system. For example, a personal computer with a suitable input / output interface, or a stand-alone control device, a numerical control device for controlling the movement of the substrate and / or electrodes, or a combination thereof.
- the cooling means is preferably moved with the electrodes in conjunction with the substrate. This can be achieved, for example, by maintaining the position of the cooling means at a fixed distance from the electrode, typically in the range of 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
- Suitable high-voltage high-frequency devices include Tesla transformers, flyback transformers, high-power radio-frequency generators and high-frequency solid-state choppers based on semiconductors. Is mentioned.
- the invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, such an apparatus comprising: (I) an AC voltage source capable of supplying a voltage in the range of 10 2 to 10 7 V and a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz; (II) a first electrode coupled to the voltage source; (III) holding means for holding the substrate to be cut and exposing one side of the substrate to the first electrode; (IV) Optionally, a cooling means provided at a fixed distance from the electrode for cooling the substrate; (V) means for moving the electrodes and the substrate relative to each other in combination with the cooling means; (VI) control means for controlling (I), (V) and, in some cases, (IV); (VII) In some cases, a counter electrode provided on the opposite side of the substrate; (VIII) Optionally, a cooling nozzle provided on the opposite side of the substrate.
- cooling nozzle or the counter electrode is provided “on the opposite side” of the substrate means that it is usually provided on the side where the first electrode is provided.
- the inventor has found that locally heating the material using electrical energy from a high frequency voltage source introduces thermal stress, thus resulting in controlled separation of the material. Furthermore, it has been found that by applying such heat along a predetermined path of material, it can be cut with a predetermined specification.
- the voltage supplied is in the range of 10V to 10 7 V, preferably 100V to 10 6 V, more preferably 100 to 10 5 V.
- the voltage source is a high frequency power source having a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz, preferably 10 kHz to 1 GHz, more preferably 100 kHz to 100 MHz.
- the supplied voltage has a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz, preferably 10 kHz to 1 GHz, more preferably 100 kHz to 100 KHz.
- Such high voltage and high frequency can be generated, for example, using a Tesla transformer or other high frequency-high voltage supply that meets such requirements.
- Such voltage supply may be adjustable in output voltage, frequency, current, impedance.
- the working distance between the electrode and the substrate affects the shape of the heating point and thus controls the spatial thermal profile of the heated area of the substrate.
- the distance between the electrode and the substrate surface ranges from 0 mm (contact) to 10 cm, preferably from 0 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 0.05 mm to 5 mm.
- the velocity at the electrode and substrate surface is usually moved relative to each other in the range of 0.01 mm / second to 10,000 mm / second, preferably 0.1 mm / second to 500 mm / second, more preferably 50 mm / second to 200 mm / second. It is.
- the electrode may have any shape, but preferably has a sharp tip shape that points to the surface of the substrate.
- Such electrodes can be made of a variety of materials and have been found to work particularly well with high melting precious metals such as platinum or palladium.
- a Tesla transformer can be used as a high frequency high voltage supply.
- the primary side coil (primary coil) has up to 100 turns, preferably 1 to 10 turns, more preferably 1 to 2 turns, and a diameter of 5 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 10 mm to 100 mm, more preferably 10 mm to 60 mm. It can be implemented as a planar or helical shape with a diameter.
- Such coil material can be obtained from solid conductive materials (eg copper, aluminum, noble metals) in the form of wires / tapes or deposited layers.
- the secondary coil (secondary coil) is a wire having a diameter in the range of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.05 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm, and 10 to 10 5 turns, preferably 50 to It can be obtained with a number of turns of 10 4 , more preferably 60 to 1000.
- Such a secondary coil winding is different from the primary coil, but is usually provided coaxially with the primary coil and inside or near the primary coil.
- the secondary side with 100 to 300 turns was obtained from copper having a diameter in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm and provided inside the primary coil.
- Both platinum and palladium were used as electrodes with a pointed shape with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 2 mm.
- the power circuit necessary for driving the primary coil is based on a semiconductor circuit, for example, a low power supply (up to 50 W), such as a monolithic MOS gate driver such as IXDD414 from IXYS, and a high frequency high power as a high power supply.
- MOSFET for example, IXY2210N50L, DE275X2-102N06A up to 500W
- the system was operated with a primary coil 5V to 30V supply voltage 2-20 MHz.
- thermal tension formation and subsequent substrate separation can be further accomplished by using an additional cooling device to cool the heated pre-determined area for a predetermined time and a predetermined strength before and / or after heating. It turns out that it can be controlled.
- an additional cooling device uses a gas stream (eg air, nitrogen, argon), a liquid (eg dichloromethane, chloroform), a mixture of gas and liquid (aerosol) or a gas and solid (eg carbon dioxide dry ice), Including pre-cooling the substrate to be cut.
- a gas stream eg air, nitrogen, argon
- a liquid eg dichloromethane, chloroform
- a mixture of gas and liquid aerosol
- a gas and solid eg carbon dioxide dry ice
- Glass properties such as thickness and coefficient of thermal expansion mainly determine the behavior of the glass during the cutting process. Thus, thicker glasses and glasses with a low coefficient of thermal expansion will require more current and / or lower speed to increase the energy transferred.
- glass As a substrate material to which the cutting method and apparatus of the present invention can be applied particularly beneficially, glass can be mentioned. This is because the glass substrate is strongly required to prevent adhesion of fine particles and the like to the substrate surface by preventing the material from melting in a predetermined region of the substrate, particularly by heating for cutting. is there. Further, when cutting a glass substrate of a suitable size (for example, about 300 mm or more x about 200 mm or more, preferably 0.1 mm to 2 mm if it is rectangular), an improvement in cutting speed is required. .
- a suitable size for example, about 300 mm or more x about 200 mm or more, preferably 0.1 mm to 2 mm if it is rectangular
- the cutting speed by the cutting method of the present invention can be 50 mm / second, particularly 100 mm / second or more.
- the glass substrate to which the method / apparatus of the present invention can be applied is not limited to its production method, and includes those produced by various methods such as a float method and a downdraw method (including overflow, slit, redraw).
- the use of the glass substrate to be produced is not particularly limited, and examples include uses in all fields, particularly for buildings, vehicles, flat panel displays, covers, and other various uses.
- the material of the glass substrate to which the method / apparatus of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, and includes materials having various compositions as described below.
- Examples include alkali-free glass typified by borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass containing a trace amount of alkali, aluminosilicate glass, soda lime glass, and the like. These glass substrates may be physically strengthened or chemically strengthened glass substrates. Since the glass substrate subjected to the tempering treatment retains a tensile stress therein, the cutting method / apparatus of the present invention can be advantageously applied. This is because a cutting method of mechanically forming and breaking a scribe and a method of cutting by heating with a laser mechanically or thermally changes the glass substrate from the surface of the glass substrate.
- the cutting method and apparatus of the present invention particularly the method of cutting so as not to melt the above-described material, it is possible to heat the inside of the glass substrate in the thickness direction. Can be prevented from running off the path. This self-propulsion prevention is likely to occur when an attempt is made to increase the cutting speed. Therefore, it is one of the reasons why it is beneficial to apply the cutting method and apparatus of the present invention to the large glass substrate.
- the cutting method of the present invention is more preferable than the cutting method using a laser is whether or not the heating is from the surface of the glass substrate. That is, according to the cutting method of the present invention, since the inside in the thickness direction of the glass substrate can be heated, it is considered that the tensile stress can be given in a balanced manner in the thickness direction in the direction orthogonal to the path. As a result, the three-point bending strength of the cut surface of the glass substrate obtained by the various embodiments of the present invention is higher than that by laser cutting.
- these glass substrates in the case of soda lime glass, SiO 2 : 65 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 3%, CaO: 5-15%, MgO: 0-15%, Na 2 O: 10-20%, K 2 O: 0-3%, Li 2 O: 0-5%, Fe 2 O 3 : 0-3%, TiO 2 : 0 to 5%, CeO 2 : 0 to 3%, BaO: 0 to 5%, SrO: 0 to 5%, B 2 O 3 : 0 to 5%, ZnO: 0 to 5%, ZrO 2 : 0 It is preferable to have a composition of ⁇ 5%, SnO 2 : 0 ⁇ 3%, SO 3 : 0 ⁇ 0.5%.
- SiO 2 39 to 70%
- Al 2 O 3 3 to 25% by mass percentage display based on the following oxides: B 2 O 3 : 1-20%, MgO: 0-10%, CaO: 0-17%, SrO: 0-20%, BaO: 0-30% SiO 2 : 64.0 to 72.0, Al 2 O 3 : 9.0 to 16.0
- B 2 O 3 1.0 to 5.0
- MgO + La 2 O 3 1.0 to 7.5
- BaO: 1.0 to 7.0 where ⁇ (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + 3La 2 O 3 ) / (Al 2 O 3 ) ⁇ 1 is .15, wherein, Al 2 O 3, MgO, C O, SrO, is BaO and La 2 O 3, glass or alkali-free
- SiO 2 50 to 75%
- Al 2 O 3 0 to 15%
- SiO 2 is 50 to 74%
- Al 2 O 3 is 1 to 10%
- Na 2 O is 6 to 14%
- K 2 O is 3%.
- the total content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 is 75% or less
- Na 2 O and K 12 ⁇ 25% 2 O total Na 2 O + K 2 O content of and composition that the sum MgO + CaO 7 to 15% of the content of MgO and CaO, Contains SiO 2 61-66%, Al 2 O 3 6-12%, MgO 7-13%, Na 2 O 9-17%, K 2 O 0-7% and ZrO 2 If the composition is 0.8% or less
- the content of MgO 1 ⁇ 8% of CaO 0 ⁇ 7% the Al
- SiO 2 is 64 to 68%, Na 2 O is 12 to 16%, Al 2 O 3 is 8 to 12%, B 2 O 3 is 0 to 3%, K 2 to 5%, MgO to 4 to 6%, CaO to 0 to 5%, SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + CaO 66 to 69%, Na 2 O + K 2 O + B 2 O 3 + MgO + CaO + SrO more than 10% MgO + CaO + SrO is 5 to 8%, (Na 2 O + B 2 O 3 ) —Al 2 O 3 is 2% or less, Na 2 O—Al 2 O 3 is 2 to 6%, (Na 2 O + K 2 O) —Al 2 O 3 is 4 to 10%, composition having a liquid phase viscosity of at least 13 kPa ⁇ S, and by mass%, SiO 2 is 40 to 70%, Al 2 O 3 is 12 to 25%, B 2 O 3 is 0 ⁇ 10%, Li 2 O
- oxide percentage mass percentage displays SiO 2 : 60 to 85%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 5 %, B 2 O 3 : 5 to 20%, Na 2 O + K 2 O: 2 to 10%.
- silica glass and sapphire can be used as the glass substrate material.
- a homogeneous glass material a non-homogeneous material or a laminate of a plurality of glass materials can be used.
- non-planar or unusual planar materials can be processed with the method of the present invention.
- the results obtained can be improved by adapting the settings so that the electrode tracks the substrate at a fixed distance, eg a fixed distance.
- the thickness of the substrate material ranges from 0.01 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
- one or both sides of the substrate may have an additional conductive layer such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) or a non-conductive additional layer such as a metal oxide.
- ITO tin-doped indium oxide
- a metal oxide such as a metal oxide
- the substrate and the electrode move in a straight line with respect to each other, that is, along one dimension, so that a straight line cut or separation is obtained.
- Complex substrates can be obtained by applying the present invention by controlling the position / movement of the electrodes to track along the required shape of the substrate. In the tested configuration, complex shapes including rounded rectangles and wavy line cuts, as well as hollow substrate shapes are easily obtained.
- the relative movement of the electrode and the substrate can be controlled by a numerically controlled electromechanical device.
- a possible configuration is that the electrode is moved by means of a device provided on the substrate, or alternatively the substrate is moved with the electrode held in a fixed position, or a combination of the two methods. .
- the electrical and mechanical parameters in a reasonably short time usually a correction correction time shorter than 100 ms
- Such setting is accomplished by means of a suitable computer system or stand-alone device such as a PC with a suitable input / output interface coupled to a numerical controller for controlling the movement of the substrate and / or electrodes or a combination thereof. Can be controlled and driven.
- a suitable computer system or stand-alone device such as a PC with a suitable input / output interface coupled to a numerical controller for controlling the movement of the substrate and / or electrodes or a combination thereof. Can be controlled and driven.
- the determination of the correct cutting start position can introduce cracking (or artificial concavity and convexity) to make the process more accurate.
- Such irregularity may be provided at the end of the substrate when cutting from the end of the material, or may be provided inside the substrate.
- Such attached cracks in the substrate are important when making a closed cut in the substrate, i.e. not crossing the outer edge boundary. Applying multiple such irregularities to the sample is useful for complex separation paths that are predefined.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electrode (1) directed to the surface of a substrate (5).
- the electrode (1) is connected to the generator (6), and the generator (6) may or may not be grounded. Due to the voltage supply / generation by the generator (6), an electric arc (2) is formed between the surface of the material and the electrodes.
- a cooling system (3) is provided at a fixed position from the electrodes and sprays a cooling medium. The cooling medium is in the form of a gas, liquid or aerosol.
- the electrode (followed by the cooling nozzle) and the material surface are moved along the direction (4) to be cut from each other, exposing the surface to be cut to the electrode.
- a selective counter electrode (7) may be provided on the opposite side of the substrate to be cut. The dotted line indicates the area where cutting is expected to occur.
- FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of the electrical component (8) of the present invention.
- a high frequency generating drive power stage (9) is coupled to the Tesla transformer.
- a secondary coil (11) is coupled to the electrode (1) and is provided near the substrate, possibly with a grounded counter electrode (7).
- feedback (12) adjusts the frequency generated by the generator.
- FIG. 3 shows an automatable configuration of the invention, monitoring / operating with substrate (5), electrode (13) or substrate (14) coupled to voltage supply (6), visible light, infrared or ultraviolet light.
- a feedback camera (15) and a control device (16) are included.
- FIG. 4 shows a cut portion of a microscope slide of a soda lime glass plate (thickness 0.7 mm) obtained under the following conditions.
- the cutting conditions are 2.5A, 3.85 mm / sec, 0.1 MPa (1 bar) cooling air pressure, and 500 ⁇ m sample-electrode distance.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing an electric arc formed between the glass sample and the electrode during the cutting process.
- a nozzle that blows cooling air tracks 1 cm after the electrode, controls the temperature profile, and prevents random cracking.
- FIG. 6A shows a chemically strengthened glass plate (thickness 0.7 mm) made under the following conditions.
- the cutting conditions are 2.5A, 3.85 mm / sec, 0.1 MPa (1 bar) cooling air pressure, and 500 ⁇ m sample-electrode distance.
- FIG. 6B shows a chemically strengthened glass plate (thickness 0.7 mm) produced under the following conditions.
- the cutting conditions are 2.5A, 3.85 mm / sec, 0.1 MPa (1 bar) cooling air pressure, and 500 ⁇ m sample-electrode distance.
- FIG. 7 shows an example used for cutting the edge of the glass ribbon using the cutting method and apparatus of the present invention.
- the glass ribbon mainly means the characteristics of the shape, and is a thin plate or film glass.
- the glass ribbon is wound around a core material and stored as a glass roll. Etc. are possible.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.01 to 0.2 mm, and the width is not particularly limited, but is usually about 100 to 2000 mm.
- the diameter of the core material for winding in a roll is usually in the range of 100 to 1000 mm.
- the part called an edge remains in both the width directions or one side of the glass ribbon after manufacture normally, and it cut
- the edge part of the glass ribbon as used herein means a part that is left on both sides or one side of the glass ribbon after production and is finally cut, and the position on the glass ribbon (from the edge in the width direction). ),
- the size to be cut (size, length), the shape to be cut, and the like are not particularly limited. Usually, it means a portion of about 5 to 100 mm from the end in the width direction of the glass ribbon after production.
- a glass roll 71 is prepared by winding a glass ribbon 74 having an edge 75 to be cut into a roll. Further, the glass ribbon 74 is unwound from the glass roll 71 to be flattened and advanced in the direction of the arrow.
- the cutting device 73 of the present invention provided near the edge of the glass roll 74 cuts the edge 75 along a path (not shown) indicating the edge of the glass roll 74 to be cut. .
- the glass roll 76 from which the edge portion 75 has been cut further proceeds and is wound again to become a roll-shaped glass roll 72. At this time, the cutting by the cutting device 73 is performed by adjusting the voltage and frequency according to various physical property values of the glass ribbon and applying any of the above-described aspects.
- the glass ribbon 74 when the glass ribbon 74 is heated and cut by the cutting device 73, that is, by supplying one or more electrode means connected to an AC voltage source, electric and thermal energy is supplied to the edge portion, and 1 kHz to 10 GHz.
- the AC voltage and current are supplied to the determined region of the edge portion at a frequency in the range of heating the region, it is preferable that at least the tension generated in the glass ribbon cross section of the heating region is 100 kPa or less. More preferably, the tension is 50 kPa or less.
- the tension exceeds 100 kPa, the properties of the cut surface (glass ribbon end surface) are not stable, and stress concentration tends to occur, which may be the starting point of cracking.
- the tension is 100 kPa or less, a cut surface having preferable properties can be obtained, and the mechanical strength of the glass ribbon 74 can be prevented from being lowered.
- the glass roll 76 can be stored, packaged, packed, stored, transported, etc. more compactly after the edge 75 is cut.
- the rewinding is not essential.
- the glass roll 76 and the cut edge 75 after cutting the edge 75 can be further handled or collected.
- various handling includes, for example, using and processing the glass roll from which the edge portion 75 has been cut in various subsequent steps without substantially rewinding.
- the collection includes collection, storage, reuse, reuse, and disposal of the glass roll 76 and the cut edge 75 after being cut by winding or towing.
- the present invention is not limited to this mode.
- the difference in tension generated between the cross section of the glass ribbon 74 and the cross section of the edge 75 is 50 kPa or less. This is because a cut surface having preferable properties can be obtained by reducing the tension difference.
- both the cut glass ribbon 74 and the edge portion 75 are recovered, it is preferable that their transport heights are different when both are transported. This is because by making the conveying heights different from each other, the cut surface of the glass ribbon 74 and the cut surface of the edge portion 75 are less likely to come into contact with each other, and as a result, it is difficult to generate micro scratches. Therefore, it is preferable to set the heights of the glass ribbon 74 and the edge 75 appropriately so as to reduce the problems caused by such contact.
- the recovery may be performed by transporting the cut glass ribbon and the edge using an appropriate transport unit or by winding using an appropriate winding unit. It is also possible to combine the conveyance and winding of the glass ribbon and the edge portion.
- the conveying means for the glass ribbon 74 between the glass roll 71 before being unwound and the glass roll 72 after being wound is not shown, but generally a cylindrical conveyance as the conveying means.
- a roll can be preferably used.
- the transport paths are formed in parallel with the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the glass ribbon 74. be able to.
- the some conveyance roll is connected by the annular member (for example, belt member). Since the glass ribbon 74 can be supported in the gap between the transport rolls by the annular member, the deflection of the glass ribbon 74 can be suppressed, and fluctuations in the distance between the cutting device 73 and the glass ribbon 74 can be prevented, and as a result, stable. This is because cutting can be done with quality.
- the conveying means for the glass ribbon 74 in place of the conveying roll include a long annular belt member disposed in parallel with the traveling direction of the glass ribbon 74.
- the above-described cutting method and apparatus of the present invention describe a mode in which the edge in the width direction is cut off-line after forming a glass ribbon, but the present invention is not limited to that mode.
- the embodiment also includes an aspect in which the cutting method and apparatus of the present invention are applied to cut the edge in the width direction online after forming the glass ribbon. That is, for example, when a glass ribbon is formed by the float method, for example, a slow cooling furnace communicating from the float bath is arranged on the right side on the paper surface of FIG. For example, when a glass ribbon is formed by the overflow down draw method, for example, it is possible to arrange a slow cooling zone on the right side of FIG.
- an apparatus for cutting the edge of the glass ribbon in the width direction (A) The glass ribbon is unwound from a glass roll obtained by winding a glass ribbon having a width edge to be cut into a roll shape. And (B) means for rewinding the unrolled glass ribbon into a roll shape, and (C) cutting means for cutting an edge in the width direction of the unfolded glass ribbon.
- Means (i) an AC voltage source capable of supplying a voltage in the range of 10V to 10 7 V and a frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 10 GHz; (ii) a first electrode coupled to the AC voltage source; iii) holding means for holding the edge in the width direction of the glass ribbon to be cut and exposing one side of the edge to the electrode; and (iv) optionally cooling the edge Fixed to the electrode Cooling means provided at a predetermined distance, unwinding the glass roll, cutting the edge in the width direction of the unwound glass ribbon by the cutting means, the edge was cut An apparatus for winding a glass ribbon again in a roll shape is mentioned.
- the apparatus of the present invention it is not essential to provide means / apparatus for winding again into a roll.
- an apparatus for various handling or collection of the glass roll 76 and the cut edge 75 after cutting the edge 75, as described below, without substantially winding means. can be included.
- the device for various handling includes devices for use / processing in various subsequent processes.
- the apparatus for recovering includes an apparatus for collecting, storing (temporary or long term), reusing, reusing, discarding, etc., the glass roll 76 and the cut edge 75 after being cut.
- the path followed by the electrode and the air nozzle was programmed in a code language.
- An interface between a computer and a numerically controlled electromechanical device was used to transfer the path to the electrode to be followed and the cooling nozzle.
- the path followed by the electrode and the air nozzle was programmed in a code language.
- An interface between a computer and a numerically controlled electromechanical device was used to transfer the path to the electrode to be followed and the cooling nozzle.
- Electrode 2 Electric arc 3 Cooling system 4 Cutting direction 5 Material 6 Generator, voltage supply 7 Counter electrode 8 Electric component 9 High frequency generation drive power stage 10 Primary side coil, primary coil 11 Secondary side coil, secondary coil 12 Feedback 13 Electrode 14 Substrate 15 Monitoring / Feedback Camera 16 Control Device 71 Glass Roll 72 Glass Roll 73 Cutting Device 74 Glass Ribbon 76 Glass Roll 75 Edge
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Abstract
Description
(a)切断される基板を供給し、
(b)AC電圧源に接続された1又はそれ以上の電極によって、前記基板に電気及び熱エネルギを印加し、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数で、AC電圧及び電流を前記基板の所定領域に供給して前記領域を加熱し、
(c)前記領域を冷却し、
(d)前記ステップ(b)の間、
(i)前記基板に対して前記電極を相対的に、
(ii)前記電極に対して前記基板を相対的に、又は
(iii)前記電極と前記基板の両者をそれぞれに対して相対的に
移動させることにより、前記領域を前記基板表面のパスに沿って移動させ、
前記パスに沿って前記基板を切断する方法を提供する。
pin=εrε0tanδωE2
である。なお、εrは比誘電率、ε0は誘電率、tanδは誘電正接、ωは周波数、Eは電場すなわち電圧を基板の厚さで除したものである。
(i)熱伝導及び/又は周囲環境による対流により受動的に、
(ii)熱を効率的に吸収する要素、場合により例えばペリチエ素子などのアクチィブヒートポンプとして作用する要素に基板を接することにより、
(iii)ガス、液体、それらの混合流体、又はガスと固体の混合物を、前記所定領域の近傍に又は直接その領域に、能動的に供給することによる。
(i)前記基板に対する前記ノズルの相対的な移動、
(ii)前記ノズルに対する前記基板の相対的な移動、
(iii)前記ノズルと前記基板の両方のそれぞれに対する相対的な移動。
pin=εrε0tanδωE2
温度の増加は、pinに比例する:dT=(pin/ρc)dt
最適切断条件は、しばしば決まった熱エネルギ値dT/dtを要求する。従って、(1)材料の性質(即ち、ε、tanδ、ρ(密度)、c(比熱))、(2)速度(dtに逆比例)及び(3)形状パラメータ(例えば厚さ)を適合させるために、通常は電圧及び周波数を適宜設定する必要がある。処理の間の基板間の電圧低下はまた、その温度に影響し、かかる影響された温度は切断プロセスを変化させるものとなることから、特定のインピーダンスの電圧源を用いることが必要となることもあり得る。
ひとつの実施態様においては、電圧及び/又は周波数は、切断の最初と最終部分での減少速度を補償するために、例えば一定の速度/電力の比を維持することで、調節される。
係る装置は:
(I)10Vから107Vの範囲の電圧と、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数を供給可能なAC電圧源と、
(II)前記AC電圧源に接続する第1の電極と、
(III)切断される基板を保持し、前記基板のひとつの側を前記電極に晒す、保持手段と、
(IV)場合により、前記基板を冷却するために、前記電極に固定された距離で設けられる冷却手段と、
(V)前記電極、場合により前記冷却手段と組み合わせて使用する前記電極と、前記基板をそれぞれお互いに関して動かす移動手段と、
(VI)前記構成(I)、(V)、ある場合には(IV)を制御する制御手段と、
(VII)場合により、前記基板の反対側に設けられる対向電極と、
(VIII)場合により、前記基板の反対側に設けられる冷却ノズルを、含む。
本発明による実施態様において、AC電圧源に接続した電極を用いて、電圧が前記基板に適用され、前記基板へ電流が流れる結果となる。通常、電流は前記基板の定義された地点で基板に入る。この地点はここではまた「所定領域」として意味する場合があり、前記基板の前記領域を意味し電流はここに入る。ひとつの実施態様においては、前記基板の前記領域へ前記電圧と前記電流を供する電極が、前記基板から0mmから100mmの範囲の距離で設けられる。前記電極が前記基板から0mmで設けられる場合、前記電極が前記基板に接していることを意味する。前記電極が前記基板からの距離が>0mmに設けられるという場合、前記電極が前記基板と直接には接していないことを意味する。電流が流れるために電気アークが形成される。当業者であれば、前記所定領域で前記基板へ電極から電流が流れ始めるように、電気アーク形成に必要なパラメータを決定できる。
(I)102から107Vの範囲の電圧と1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数とを供給することができるAC電圧源と、
(II)前記電圧源に結合する第1電極と、
(III)切断される基板を保持し、前記基板の一方の側を前記第1電極に晒す保持手段と、
(IV)場合により、前記基板を冷却するための、前記電極との固定距離で設けられる冷却手段と、
(V)前記冷却手段と組み合わせて、前記電極と、前記基板をそれぞれ相対的に移動させる手段と、
(VI)(I)、(V)及び、ある場合には(IV)を制御する制御手段と、
(VII)場合により、前記基板の反対側に設けられる対向電極と、
(VIII)場合により、前記基板の反対側に設けられる冷却ノズル、を含む。
SiO2を61~66%、Al2O3を6~12%、MgOを7~13%、Na2Oを9~17%、K2Oを0~7%含有し、ZrO2を含有する場合その含有量が0.8%以下という組成や、
SiO2を75.5~85.5%、MgOを1~8%、CaOを0~7%、Al2O3を0~5%、Na2Oを10~22.5%を含有し、MgOの含有量がCaOの含有量より多く、MgOおよびCaOの含有量の合計(MgO+CaO)が8%以下、MgO、CaOおよびNa2Oの含有量の合計が24.5%以下、MgOおよびCaOの含有量(MgO+CaO)をNa2Oの含有量で除して得られた比が0.45以下という組成が挙げられる。
2 電気アーク
3 冷却システム
4 切断方向
5 材料
6 発生器、電圧供給
7 対向電極
8 電気部品
9 高周波発生駆動パワーステージ
10 一次側コイル、プライマリーコイル
11 二次側コイル、セカンダリーコイル
12 フィードバック
13 電極
14 基板
15 監視/フィードバックカメラ
16 制御装置
71 ガラスロール
72 ガラスロール
73 切断装置
74 ガラスリボン
76 ガラスロール
75 縁部
Claims (36)
- (a)切断される基板を供給し、
(b)AC電圧源に接続された1又はそれ以上の電極によって、前記基板に電気及び熱エネルギを印加し、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数で、AC電圧及び電流を前記基板の所定領域に供給して前記領域を加熱し、
(c)前記領域を冷却し、
(d)ステップ(b)の間、
(i)前記基板に対して相対的な前記電極の移動、
(ii)前記電極に対して相対的な前記基板の移動又は
(iii)前記電極と前記基板のそれぞれに対して相対的な移動
によって、前記所定領域を基板表面上のパスに沿って移動させる
ことを特徴とする基板の切断方法。 - 前記基板は対向電極として閉電気回路を確立するために作用する、請求項1に記載の基板の切断方法。
- 対向電極が、切断される前記基板の反対側に設けられて閉電気回路を確立する、請求項1に記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)はそれ自体、前記電極及び前記所定領域の間での電気アークを発現させ、好ましくは前記電気アークが基板切断に使用される、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記基板の加熱は、前記AC電圧及び/又は電流及び/又は基板と電極間距離を調節することで制御される、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)において、前記電極は、前記基板の片側又は両側で、基板から0mmから100mmの距離に設けられる、請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)は、10Vから107Vの範囲の電圧と、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数とを供給することで実施される、請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記方法はさらに、ステップ(a2)を含み、前記ステップ(b)に先立って前記所定領域を冷却する、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記冷却が、前記所定領域が動くにつれて前記基板上の同じパスに沿って動かされる、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記基板内の引っ張り応力は、前記ステップ(b)に先立って、切断が意図されるパスに沿って誘起又は誘導されている、請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記AC電源は、高電圧高周波装置であり、10Vから107VのAC電圧、1kHzから10GHzの周波数を発生することができる、請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記高電圧高周波装置は、テスラ変圧器、フライバック変圧器を含む共振変圧器、高出力高周波源及び半導体に基づく高周波固体チョッパーから選択される、請求項11に記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記基板は、ガラス又はセラミックスを含む電気的絶縁材料、ドープされたシリコン及び結晶性シリコン、ゲルマニウム、ガリウムヒ素及びインジウムリン化物を含む化合物半導体を含む電気的半導体材料から選ばれる材料から成る、請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記電圧及び/又は周波数は、比誘電率、導電率、熱膨張係数、厚さを含む前記基板の電気的及び物理的性質により調節される、請求項11乃至13のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 変圧駆動回路を有する共振変圧器がAC電源として用いられ、前記基板は閉回路の一部となり前記閉回路の前記共振周波数に影響を与えて、変圧装置駆動回路の周波数を、前記基板の寸法及び誘電性を含む物理的性質に応じて調節する、請求項2乃至14のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 共振変圧器がAC電圧源として用いられ、請求項15に記載される前記回路の前記共振に合わせて設定される固定周波数により駆動される、請求項15に記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記共振変圧器は、AC電源として使用され、前記基板内の前記誘電損失と前記電気アークの前記性質を制御するために、前記共振周波数からずれた周波数で駆動される、請求項1乃至16のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)の際、前記所定領域内の基板材料は溶融されず、除去されず又は前記所定領域から除かれない、請求項1乃至17のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)に際し、前記所定領域内の基板材料は溶融され及び/又は前記所定領域から除かれる、請求項1乃至18のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記基板の分離は、前記基板に機械的に圧縮又は引っ張りの力を印加することで制御される、請求項1乃至19のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)に先立って、最初の人工的なクラックを含む最初の破壊きっかけを基板に導入し、前記ステップ(b)が前記最初の破壊きっかけ部分で開始される、請求項1乃至20のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)に先立って、第二の人工的クラックを含む第二の破壊きっかけを基板に導入し、前記分離パスが、第二の人工的クラックを含む前記第二の破壊きっかけまで通過して終了するようにステップ(b)を実行する、請求項21に記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記基板表面上の前記パスに沿った前記所定領域の移動は、前記基板の最初の部分と最終分離部分では、前記部分での前記分離の品質を改良するために速度を減少する、請求項1乃至22のいずれかに記載の基板の切断方法。
- 前記電圧及び/又は周波数は、前記切断の前記最初と前記最終部分での前記減少速度を補償するために、一定の速度/電力比を維持することで、調節される、請求項23に記載の基板の切断方法。
- 請求項1乃至24のいずれかに記載の本発明による方法を実施するための装置であり:
(I)10Vから107Vの範囲の電圧と、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数を供給可能なAC電圧源と、
(II)前記AC電圧源に接続する第1の電極と、
(III)切断される前記基板を保持し、前記基板の一表面を前記電極に晒す、保持手段と、
(V)前記電極と前記基板をそれぞれ相対的に移動させる移動手段と、
(VI)(I)と(V)を制御する制御手段と、を含む装置。 - 前記AC電圧源は、周波数発生装置駆動パワー部、前記パワー部に結合するテスラ発生装置として共振変圧器のプライマリコイル、前記第1の電極に結合する前記共振変圧器のセカンダリコイル及び前記共振変圧器のパワー出力を制御/設定するためのフィードバック機構を含む、請求項25に記載の装置。
- さらに、前記電極及び/又は前記保持手段に保持された前記基板を移動可能とする数値制御装置及び管理用カメラを含む、請求項25又は26のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 前記制御手段はまた、前記管理用カメラ及び前記数値制御装置により、前記定義された方法の実施を制御する、請求項27に記載の装置。
- ガラスリボンの幅方向の縁部を切断する方法であって:
(A)切断される幅縁部を有するガラスリボンをロール状に巻いたガラスロールを用意し、前記ガラスロールの巻きをほどいて、前記ほどかれたガラスリボンの幅方向の縁部に、
(B)AC電圧源に接続された1又はそれ以上の電極手段により、前記縁部に電気及び熱エネルギを供給し、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数で、AC電圧及び電流を前記縁部の決められた領域に供給して前記領域を加熱し、
(C)前記領域を冷却し、
(D)ステップ(B)の間、前記領域は前記縁部のパスに沿って、前記電極に関して前記ほどかれたガラスリボンを動かし、前記パスに沿って、前記縁部を切断する、ことを含む方法。 - 前記ステップ(D)の後に、
(E)前記縁部が切断されたガラスリボンを、再びロール状に巻くことを含む、請求項29に記載の方法。 - 前記ステップ(B)の間、少なくとも前記加熱領域のガラスリボン断面に生じる張力が100kPa以下である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(D)の切断後、さらに、切断されたガラスリボンと縁部の両方を回収することを含み、前記ガラスリボンの断面と前記縁部の断面に生じる張力の差が50kPa以下である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップ(D)の切断後、さらに、切断されたガラスリボンと縁部の両方を回収することを含み、前記ガラスリボンと前記縁部の搬送高さが異なるものである、請求項31又は32のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記回収は、切断されたガラスリボンと縁部の、搬送及び/又は巻き取りにより行う、請求項32又は33のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ガラスリボンの幅方向の縁部を切断する装置であって:
(A)切断される幅縁部を有するガラスリボンをロール状に巻いたガラスロールから、ガラスロールの巻きをほどいてガラスリボンを用意する手段と、
(B)前記ほどかれたガラスリボンを、再びロール状に巻く手段と、
(C)前記ほどかれたガラスリボンの幅方向の縁部を切断する切断手段を含み、
前記切断手段が、
(i)10Vから107Vの範囲の電圧と、1kHzから10GHzの範囲の周波数を供給可能なAC電圧源と、
(ii)前記AC電圧源に結合する第1の電極と、
(iii)切断される前記ガラスリボンの幅方向の縁部を保持し、前記縁部のひとつの側を前記電極に晒す、保持手段と、を含み、
前記ガラスロールの巻きをほどいて、前記ほどかれたガラスリボンの幅方向の縁部を、前記切断手段により切断する、装置。 - さらに、前記縁部が切断されたガラスリボンを、再びロール状に巻く手段を含む、請求項35に記載の装置。
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