WO2012114627A1 - 波長変換型太陽電池封止材、及びこれを用いた太陽電池モジュール - Google Patents
波長変換型太陽電池封止材、及びこれを用いた太陽電池モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114627A1 WO2012114627A1 PCT/JP2011/079383 JP2011079383W WO2012114627A1 WO 2012114627 A1 WO2012114627 A1 WO 2012114627A1 JP 2011079383 W JP2011079383 W JP 2011079383W WO 2012114627 A1 WO2012114627 A1 WO 2012114627A1
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- solar cell
- spherical phosphor
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Images
Classifications
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L31/02322—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device comprising luminescent members, e.g. fluorescent sheets upon the device
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0091—Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C09D123/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C09D123/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C09D123/0853—Vinylacetate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/18—Spheres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/22—Mixtures comprising a continuous polymer matrix in which are dispersed crosslinked particles of another polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material and a solar cell module using the same.
- the conventional silicon crystal solar cell module has the following configuration. That is, the surface protective glass (also referred to as cover glass) uses tempered glass in consideration of impact resistance, and a sealing material (usually also referred to as a resin or filler mainly composed of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer). In order to improve the adhesion to the surface, one surface is provided with an uneven pattern by embossing. Moreover, the uneven pattern is formed on the inner side, and the surface of the solar cell module is smooth. Moreover, the sealing material and back film for carrying out protection sealing of a solar cell element and a tab wire are provided under the protective glass.
- a fluorescent substance also referred to as a light emitting material
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-303033 proposes a solar cell module that contains a rare earth complex that is a fluorescent substance in a sealing material between a front cover and a crystalline silicon element.
- a rare earth complex that is a fluorescent substance in a sealing material between a front cover and a crystalline silicon element.
- an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer imparted with thermosetting properties as a transparent sealing material for solar cells Is widely used.
- the rare earth metal molecules that are fluorescent materials in the sealing material are likely to aggregate with each other, and the aggregates scatter the excitation wavelength. There is a problem that becomes extremely worse.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention is intended to improve the above-described problem, suppresses scattering of light having an excitation wavelength, improves light utilization efficiency in the solar cell module, and generates power. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material that can improve the stability of the solar cell and a solar cell module including the same.
- the present inventors have used a spherical phosphor group of spherical phosphors with small variations in particle diameter, and set the ratio of the median diameter to the total film thickness of the light emitting layer to 0. It has been found that a wavelength converted efficiently can be incident on the device by setting it to 1 or more, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- It has at least one light emitting layer including a spherical phosphor group, and the spherical phosphor group has a median diameter in the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group as D 50 and the total film thickness of the light emitting layer.
- the ratio of the median diameter D 50 to the total film thickness t is 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, and the particle size value at which the integrated value of the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group is 25% If the set to D 75 particle size value as the D 25, 75%, the spherical phosphor group of D 25 ⁇ D 75 integrated value N of the number particle size distribution in the range of at least 5%, the wavelength conversion solar Battery encapsulant.
- the transparent material is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyester, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
- the spherical phosphor included in the spherical phosphor group includes a phosphor and a transparent material, and the content of the phosphor in the spherical phosphor is 0.001 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the transparent material.
- the spherical phosphor included in the group of spherical phosphors contains at least one phosphor selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphor, an inorganic phosphor, and a rare earth metal complex [1] to [8]
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material according to any one of the above.
- the spherical phosphor contained in the group of spherical phosphors contains a rare earth metal complex as a fluorescent substance, and the rare earth metal complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of a europium complex and a samarium complex.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant according to any one of [9].
- a solar cell module comprising a solar cell element and the wavelength conversion solar cell sealing material according to any one of [1] to [10] disposed on a light receiving surface of the solar cell element.
- a wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant that can suppress scattering of light in the excitation wavelength region, improve light utilization efficiency in the solar cell module, and stably improve power generation efficiency, and A solar cell module including this can be provided.
- Example 2 is a graph showing a volume particle size distribution curve (volume fraction) and a number distribution curve (number fraction) of a spherical phosphor in Example 1.
- 4 is a graph showing a volume particle size distribution curve (volume fraction) and a number distribution curve (number fraction) of a spherical phosphor in Comparative Example 1.
- 10 is a graph showing a volume particle size distribution curve (volume fraction) and a number distribution curve (number fraction) of a spherical phosphor in Comparative Example 2. It is.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “encapsulant”) has at least one light emitting layer including a spherical phosphor group, and the spherical phosphor group includes When the median diameter in the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group is D 50 and the total film thickness of the light emitting layer is t, the ratio (D 50 / t) of the median diameter D 50 to the total film thickness t is 0.
- a spherical phosphor group having a small variation in particle diameter is used as the spherical phosphor group contained in the light emitting layer, and the median diameter D 50 in the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group and the total of the light emitting layer are used.
- the total thickness of the light-emitting layer t the median diameter in volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group when the D 50, the median diameter D 50 Since the ratio with respect to the total film thickness t of the light emitting layer is 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, the individual spherical phosphors hardly overlap each other in the depth direction with respect to the film thickness of the light emitting layer.
- the particle diameters at which the integrated value of the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group is 25% and 75% are denoted as D 25 and D 75 , respectively, and the integrated value of the number particle size distribution in the range of D 25 to D 75
- N since the integrated value N is 5% or more, the number of spherical phosphor having a particle diameter close to the median diameter D 50, the variation of the particle size decreases.
- the spherical phosphor contained in the light emitting layer of the sealing material provided on the light receiving surface side absorbs the light.
- the ratio is less than 0.1 and the median diameter D 50 of the spherical phosphor group and the total thickness t of the light-emitting layer, the number of spherical phosphor that overlaps a thickness direction of the light-emitting layer is large, the light emitting It is considered that the spherical phosphor existing in the deep part of the layer thickness direction, that is, the part far from the light receiving surface, contributes less to wavelength conversion, and the light absorption of the spherical phosphor is in the film thickness direction of the light emitting layer.
- the dispersion of the particle diameter of the spherical phosphor group included in the light emitting layer is reduced, and the number of the spherical phosphors having a small particle diameter is reduced, thereby suppressing light scattering and increasing the incident light transmittance. Therefore, the amount of light reaching the solar cell element is increased, the light use efficiency of the solar cell module is increased, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
- the wavelength converted efficiently can be incident on the cell, the light utilization efficiency in the solar cell module can be improved, and the power generation efficiency can be stably improved.
- the term “median diameter” used in the present invention means the particle diameter when the volume integrated value is 50% in the volume distribution obtained from the particle size distribution curve.
- the integrated value N of the number particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group in the range of D 25 to D 75 in which the integrated value of the volume particle size distribution is 25% to 75% from the small diameter side is large, the particles close to the median diameter This means that there are many spherical phosphors with a diameter, and a small integrated value N means that there is a large variation in particle diameter and there are many particles with a particle diameter smaller than the median diameter.
- the term “process” is not limited to an independent process, and is included in the term if the intended action of the process is achieved even when it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. .
- “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the amount of each component in the composition is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless there is a specific indication when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition. means. The present invention will be described below.
- the solar cell module of this invention has a solar cell element and the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material provided as one of the light transmissive layers on the light-receiving surface of this solar cell element at least.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material of this invention is used as one of the light transmissive layers of the said solar cell module, for example, and has at least 1 light emitting layer containing the said spherical fluorescent substance group.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulating material (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “encapsulating material”) is formed by laminating a support layer not including the spherical phosphor group and a light emitting layer including the spherical phosphor. Is done.
- the sealing material of this invention has at least 1 light emitting layer containing the said spherical fluorescent substance group.
- the light emitting layer may be a single layer or may be formed of two or more layers. However, from the viewpoint of cost and simplification of the manufacturing process, the light emitting layer including the spherical phosphor group is composed of one layer. It is preferable.
- the spherical phosphor group included in the light emitting layer has a predetermined relationship between the median diameter D 50 obtained from the volume particle size distribution and the total film thickness t of the light emitting layer, and the volume distribution and number distribution obtained from the particle size distribution curve. And have a predetermined relationship. Specifically, the spherical phosphor group has a medium diameter when the median diameter ( ⁇ m) in the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group is D 50 and the total film thickness ( ⁇ m) of the light emitting layer is t.
- the ratio of the diameter D 50 to the total film thickness t is 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, and the particle size value at which the integrated value of the volume particle size distribution of the spherical phosphor group is 25% is D 25 and 75%. If the composed particle size value was D 75, requires that the integrated value N of the number particle size distribution in the range of D 25 ⁇ D 75 of the spherical phosphor groups is 5% or more. In a group of spherical phosphors that do not exhibit the predetermined relationship between the volume distribution and number distribution obtained from such particle size distribution and the median diameter obtained from the volume particle size distribution and the total film thickness of the light emitting layer, Scattering in the wavelength region cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the ratio between D 50 of the spherical phosphor group and the total film thickness t of the light emitting layer is preferably 0.3 to 1.0 from the viewpoint of the conversion efficiency of incident sunlight, and 0.5 to 1 0.0 is more preferable. If it is 0.3 or more, the number of spherical phosphors overlapping in the film thickness direction of the light emitting layer tends to decrease.
- the integrated value N of the number particle size distribution in the range of the volume particle size distribution D 25 to D 75 of the spherical phosphor group is 10% or more from the viewpoint of suppression of light scattering and incident light transmittance. Is preferable, and it is more preferable that it is 20% or more.
- the number of spherical phosphors overlapping in the film thickness direction of the light emitting layer decreases, light scattering is suppressed, and the transmittance tends to increase.
- the upper limit of the integrated value N of the number distribution is not particularly limited.
- the ratio of D 50 of the spherical phosphor group to the total thickness t of the light emitting layer, and the integrated value N of the number distribution in the range of D 25 to D 75 of the spherical phosphor are the spherical phosphor group, Specifically, it can be adjusted according to the polymerization conditions applied to obtain the resin forming the individual phosphor particles constituting the spherical phosphor group, the type of each component during polymerization, or the amount of use thereof. For example, the D 50 of the obtained spherical phosphor group can be increased by reducing the amount of the surfactant, or the number particle size distribution can be integrated by controlling the shear at the start of polymerization and during the polymerization. The value N can be increased.
- the median diameter (D 50 ) of the spherical phosphor group is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. If it is 1 ⁇ m or more, it tends to be difficult to aggregate, and if it is 600 ⁇ m or less, synthesis is easy.
- the particle size distribution curve of the spherical phosphor group in the present invention is generally obtained by measuring the particle size distribution by a laser diffraction scattering method. Specifically, a spherical phosphor is dispersed in an aqueous medium at a concentration of 10% by mass under a condition of 25 ° C., and is measured with a laser diffraction scattering method particle size distribution analyzer (LS 13 320, manufactured by Beckman Coulter). By measuring in the particle size range of 2000 ⁇ m, a volume particle size distribution curve and a number particle size distribution curve can be obtained.
- LS 13 320 laser diffraction scattering method particle size distribution analyzer
- the particle size value when the volume integrated value is 50% is defined as the median diameter (D 50 ).
- the number distribution integrated value N of the spherical phosphors belonging to the range of D 25 to D 75 is the number particle size distribution curve obtained by the laser diffraction scattering method, similarly to the median diameter (D 50 ) of the spherical phosphor. Shall be obtained from
- the spherical phosphor group is more preferably any of the following from the viewpoint of scattering in the excitation wavelength region and power generation efficiency in the obtained solar cell module: (1)
- the median diameter D 50 is 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, the ratio of the median diameter D 50 to the total thickness t of the light emitting layer is 0.5 to 1.0, and the integrated value N of the number distribution A group of spherical phosphors of which 5% or more; (2)
- the median diameter D 50 is 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, the ratio of the median diameter D 50 to the total thickness t of the light emitting layer is 0.5 to 1.0, and the integrated value N of the number distribution Spherical phosphor group having a 10% or more;
- the median diameter D 50 is 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, the ratio of the median diameter D 50 to the total thickness t of the light emitting layer is 0.5 to 1.0, and the integrated value N of the number distribution A group of spherical phospho
- a spherical phosphor used for the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, means individual spherical phosphors constituting the spherical phosphor group) and a method for producing the same. This will be described in detail.
- the spherical phosphor is used, for example, by being contained in a light emitting layer included in a wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant.
- a silicon crystal solar cell For example, in a silicon crystal solar cell, light having a shorter wavelength than 400 nm or longer than 1200 nm is not effectively used in sunlight, and about 56% of solar energy does not contribute to power generation due to this spectrum mismatch.
- a phosphor having a specific shape excellent in moisture resistance and heat resistance, good dispersibility, and suppressed concentration quenching is preferably used, and therefore, sunlight can be used efficiently and stably by wavelength conversion.
- the spherical phosphor is not particularly limited as long as it is a phosphor that can convert light outside the wavelength range that can be used in a normal solar cell into a wavelength range that can be used in a solar cell.
- the resin particles are spherical resin particles made of a fluorescent material and a spherical transparent material containing the fluorescent material. Further, at least one of the fluorescent materials described later and the transparent material More preferably, the resin particles are spherical resin particles containing at least one kind and obtained by emulsion or suspension polymerization.
- the term “spherical” means, for example, that the particle diameter and shape automatic image analysis measuring device manufactured by Malvern Instruments Limited, Sysmex FPIA-3000 is used, and the analysis is performed when the number of particles to be measured is 1000 or more and 10,000 or less.
- the degree of circularity defined in the software is defined as 0.90 or more.
- the degree of sphere is not defined by the range of circularity.
- the fluorescent substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can convert light outside the wavelength range that can be used in a normal solar cell into a wavelength range that can be used in a solar cell.
- a compound capable of converting light in a wavelength range in which use efficiency is insufficient in a normal solar cell into a wavelength range in which use efficiency is high in a solar cell is preferable, and an excitation wavelength is 500 nm or less and an emission wavelength Is more preferably a fluorescent material having a longer wavelength.
- Specific examples of the fluorescent material include organic fluorescent materials, inorganic fluorescent materials, and rare earth metal complexes.
- At least one of an organic fluorescent material and a rare earth metal complex is preferable, and an organic complex material of a rare earth metal is more preferable.
- the rare earth metal complex is used as the fluorescent substance, the utilization efficiency of the rare earth metal complex can be maximized, and the effective luminous efficiency can be improved. Thereby, an expensive rare earth metal complex can be suppressed to a very small amount and can contribute to power generation.
- inorganic fluorescent material examples include fluorescent particles of Y 2 O 2 S: Eu, Mg, Ti, oxyfluoride crystallized glass containing Er 3+ ions, compounds composed of strontium oxide and aluminum oxide, and rare earth elements.
- inorganic compounds such as SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu, Dy, Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 : Eu, Dy, CaAl 2 O 4 : Eu, Dy, ZnS: Cu, etc. to which europium (Eu) and dysprosium (Dy) are added Mention may be made of fluorescent substances.
- organic fluorescent material examples include organic dyes such as cyanine dyes, pyridine dyes, and rhodamine dyes, BASF Lumogen F Violet 570, Yellow083, Orange240, Red300, and Taoka Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- organic fluorescent substances such as basic dye Rhodamine B, Sumiplast Yellow FL7G manufactured by Sumika Finechem Co., Ltd., MACROLEX Fluorescent Red G manufactured by Bayer, and Yellow 10GN.
- the organic complex of the rare earth metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a europium complex and a samarium complex, and more preferably a europium complex, from the viewpoint of light emission efficiency and light emission wavelength.
- a ligand which comprises an organic complex According to the metal to be used, it can select suitably.
- a ligand capable of forming a complex with at least one of europium and samarium is preferable.
- the neutral ligand is selected from carboxylic acid, nitrogen-containing organic compound, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound, ⁇ -diketone, and phosphine oxide. It is preferable that it is at least one kind.
- R 1 represents an aryl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or a substituent thereof; 2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, R 3 is aryl group, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, cycloalkylalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or substituted versions thereof ⁇ -diketones represented by
- ⁇ -diketones include acetylacetone, perfluoroacetylacetone, benzoyl-2-furanoylmethane, 1,3-di (3-pyridyl) -1,3-propanedione, benzoyltrifluoroacetone, benzoylacetone 5-chlorosulfonyl-2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, bis (4-bromobenzoyl) methane, dibenzoylmethane, d, d-dicamphorylmethane, 1,3-dicyano-1,3-propanedione, p- Bis (4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1,3-hexanedinoyl) benzene, 4,4'-dimethoxydibenzoylmethane, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptane Dione, dinaphthoy
- nitrogen-containing organic compounds nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds, and phosphine oxides of neutral ligands of rare earth complexes
- nitrogen-containing organic compounds nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds, and phosphine oxides of neutral ligands of rare earth complexes
- 1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline, 2-2'-bipyridyl, 2-2'-6, 2 ′′ -terpyridyl, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2- (2-pyridyl) benzimidazole, triphenylphosphine oxide, tri-n-butylphosphine oxide, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, tri- Examples include n-butyl phosphate.
- the rare earth complex having the above-described ligand from the viewpoint of wavelength conversion efficiency, for example, Eu (FTP) 3 Phen ((1,10-phenanthroline) tris [1- (4-fluorophenyl) -3- (2-thienyl) -1,3-propanedionate] europium (III)), Eu (TTA) 3 phen ((1,10-phenanthroline) tris [4,4,4-trifluoro-1- (2- Thienyl) -1,3-butanedionate] europium (III)), Eu (BMPP) 3 phen ((1,10-phenanthroline) tris [1- (pt-butylphenyl) -3- (N-methyl) -3-pyrrole) -1,3-propanedionate] europium (III))), Eu (BMDBM) 3 phen ((1,10-phenanthroline) tri [1- (pt-butylphenyl) -3- (p-meth
- a method for producing Eu (TTA) 3 Phen is described, for example, in Masa Mitsui, Shinji Kikuchi, Tokuji Miyashita, Yutaka Amano, J. et al. Mater. Chem. Reference may be made to the methods disclosed in 2003, 13, 285-2879.
- Eu (FTP) 3 Phen can be produced according to the production method of Eu (TTA) 3 Phen.
- a solar cell module having higher power generation efficiency can be configured by using, in particular, a europium complex as the fluorescent material.
- the europium complex converts light in the ultraviolet region into light in the red wavelength region with high wavelength conversion efficiency, and the converted light contributes to power generation in the solar cell element.
- the fluorescent material is preferably contained in a transparent material.
- transparent means that the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm at an optical path length of 1 cm is 90% or more.
- the transparent material is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent, and examples thereof include resins such as acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyester, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride. Among these, acrylic resins and methacrylic resins are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing light scattering. Although there is no restriction
- the fluorescent material is dissolved or dispersed in a monomer compound to prepare a composition, which is polymerized (emulsion polymerization or It can be prepared by suspension polymerization.
- a composition which is polymerized (emulsion polymerization or It can be prepared by suspension polymerization.
- a mixture containing a fluorescent substance and a vinyl compound hereinafter also referred to as “vinyl compound composition” is prepared, and this is converted into an emulsion or suspension using a radical polymerization initiator, for example.
- a spherical phosphor By polymerizing the contained vinyl compound (emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization), a spherical phosphor can be formed as spherical resin particles containing a fluorescent substance.
- a mixture containing a fluorescent substance and a vinyl compound (vinyl compound composition) is prepared, and this is dispersed in a medium (for example, an aqueous medium) to obtain a suspension.
- a spherical phosphor as spherical resin particles containing a fluorescent substance by polymerizing (suspension polymerization) a vinyl compound contained in the suspension using a radical polymerization initiator.
- the vinyl compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond, and an acrylic monomer, a methacrylic monomer, and an acrylic oligomer that can be converted into a vinyl resin, particularly an acrylic resin or a methacrylic resin when polymerized.
- a methacryl oligomer or the like can be used without any particular limitation.
- an acrylic monomer, a methacryl monomer, and the like are preferable.
- acrylic monomers and methacrylic monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and alkyl esters thereof.
- the other vinyl compound which can be copolymerized with these may be used together, and can also be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- alkyl acrylate ester and the alkyl methacrylate ester include, for example, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate.
- examples of other vinyl compounds that can be copolymerized with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate include acrylamide, acrylonitrile, diacetone acrylamide, styrene, vinyl toluene, and the like. These vinyl monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the vinyl compound in the present invention can be appropriately selected so that the refractive index of the formed resin particles has a desired value, and at least one selected from an alkyl acrylate ester and an alkyl methacrylate ester is used. preferable.
- a radical polymerization initiator In order to polymerize the vinyl compound, a radical polymerization initiator is preferably used.
- a commonly used radical polymerization initiator can be used without particular limitation.
- a peroxide etc. are mentioned preferably.
- organic peroxides or azo radical initiators that generate free radicals by heat are preferred.
- the organic peroxide include isobutyl peroxide, ⁇ , ⁇ ′-bis (neodecanoylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene, cumylperoxyneodecanoate, di-n-propylperoxydicarbonate, di-s.
- azo radical initiator examples include azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, also known as V-60), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylisobutyronitrile) (also known as V-59), 2,2 '-Azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (also known as V-65), dimethyl-2,2'-azobis (isobutyrate) (also known as V-601), 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (also known as V-70).
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- V-60 2,2′-azobis (2-methylisobutyronitrile)
- V-65 2,2 '-Azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
- dimethyl-2,2'-azobis isobutyrate
- V-601 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile
- the amount of the radical polymerization initiator used can be appropriately selected according to the type of the vinyl compound, the refractive index of the resin particles to be formed, and the like, and is used in a commonly used amount. Specifically, for example, it can be used in an amount of 0.01 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the vinyl compound.
- the refractive index of the transparent material in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably lower than the refractive index of the fluorescent material, lower than the refractive index of the fluorescent material, and sealed later, from the viewpoint of suppressing light scattering. More preferably, the ratio of the refractive index of the stop resin is close to 1. In general, since the refractive index of the fluorescent material is larger than 1.5 and the refractive index of the sealing resin is about 1.4 to 1.5, the refractive index of the transparent material is 1.4 to 1.5. Preferably there is.
- the spherical phosphor preferably has a higher refractive index than the encapsulating resin serving as a dispersion medium at the excitation wavelength of the fluorescent material and a lower refractive index than the encapsulating resin at the emission wavelength.
- a mixture containing a fluorescent substance, a vinyl compound, and, if necessary, a radical scavenger is prepared, and this is emulsified or dispersed in a medium (for example, an aqueous medium) to obtain an emulsion or suspension.
- a medium for example, an aqueous medium
- spherical phosphors can be obtained as spherical resin particles containing a fluorescent substance. Can be configured.
- a mixture containing a fluorescent substance and a vinyl compound is prepared, and this is dispersed in a medium (for example, an aqueous medium) to obtain a suspension. It is preferable to form a spherical phosphor as spherical resin particles containing a fluorescent substance by polymerizing (suspension polymerization) a vinyl compound contained in the suspension using an initiator.
- the polymerization conditions can be appropriately selected according to the vinyl compound to be used and the radical polymerization initiator, and may be appropriately adjusted with reference to normal polymerization conditions.
- the state of the polymer to be produced can be selected according to its glass transition temperature.
- a liquid in which a fluorescent substance and a radical polymerization initiator are mixed is added with a surfactant in water kept at a predetermined temperature, and suspended therein to form a particulate form.
- a polymer can be obtained (suspension polymerization). Further, finer particles can be obtained by finely suspending by appropriately changing the type of the surfactant (emulsion polymerization).
- a glass transition point lower than room temperature such as butyl acrylate
- a glass transition point lower than room temperature can be obtained by polymerizing a liquid mixed with a fluorescent substance and a radical polymerization initiator in a container such as a flask as it is to obtain a polymer having a high viscosity.
- a radical polymerization initiator an organic peroxide such as lauroyl peroxide is suitable. In the case of lauroyl peroxide, polymerization is preferably performed at 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the surfactant used for polymerization a known one can be used, and examples thereof include an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. From the viewpoint of particle stability, it is preferable to use a nonionic surfactant, and examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and methylcellulose. From the viewpoint of controlling the particle size of the spherical phosphor group, the surfactant is preferably used in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass of the total mass of the monomers, and 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass. More preferably it is used.
- the light emitting layer is a layer of a light-transmitting resin composition having wavelength conversion ability, and the spherical phosphor is dispersed in a transparent sealing resin.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulating material includes the light emitting layer containing the spherical phosphor, when used as one of the light transmissive layers in the solar cell module, the light utilization efficiency is improved and the power generation efficiency is improved. Can be improved stably.
- the total film thickness t of the light emitting layer containing the spherical phosphor is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, and further preferably 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of wavelength conversion efficiency. preferable.
- the total thickness t of the light-emitting layer was measured by measuring the thickness of the sealing material at five locations using a high precision digimatic micrometer MDH-25M manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation, and the average value of the measured values at the five points. .
- the concentration of the fluorescent substance in the spherical phosphor is appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the fluorescent substance.
- the content of the fluorescent substance in the spherical phosphor is preferably 0.001 to 30 parts by mass and preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the transparent material. More preferred. By setting it as 0.001 mass part or more, wavelength conversion efficiency becomes more sufficient, and the fall of the light quantity which reaches
- the scattering of light correlates with the spherical phosphor of the transparent sealing resin described later, that is, the ratio of the refractive index of the sphere and the transparent sealing resin. Specifically, the light scattering is small when the ratio between the refractive index of the sphere and the refractive index of the transparent sealing resin is close to “1”.
- the refractive index ratio is close to “1” in a wavelength region sensitive to the solar cell element, that is, 400 nm to 1200 nm.
- the refractive index in the spherical phosphor is higher than that of the sealing resin that is a medium in the excitation wavelength region. It is preferable.
- a europium complex for example, Eu (FTP) 3 phene as a fluorescent material, polymethyl methacrylate as a transparent material (sphere base material), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as a sealing resin, and the like.
- FTP europium complex
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- the wavelength-convertible light emitting layer in the present invention contains a sealing resin (transparent sealing resin).
- a sealing resin transparent sealing resin
- a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like is preferably used.
- a transparent sealing resin used as a transparent sealing material for solar cells as described in JP-A-2006-303033, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer imparted with thermosetting properties ( EVA) is widely used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the wavelength-converting solar cell sealing material resin composition includes (A) a photocurable resin, (B) a crosslinkable monomer, and (C ) A dispersion medium resin containing a photoinitiator that generates free radicals by light.
- the photocurable resin (A) a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and alkyl esters thereof and other vinyl monomers copolymerizable therewith as constituent monomers is used. These copolymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alkyl acrylate ester or alkyl methacrylate ester include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and the like.
- Acrylic acid unsubstituted alkyl ester or methacrylic acid unsubstituted alkyl ester acrylic acid substituted alkyl ester or methacrylic acid substituted alkyl ester in which a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, a halogen group or the like is substituted on these alkyl groups.
- vinyl monomers that can be copolymerized with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylate ester or alkyl methacrylate ester include acrylamide, acrylonitrile, diacetone acrylamide, styrene, vinyl toluene, and the like. These vinyl monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of the component (A) dispersion medium resin is preferably 10,000 to 300,000 from the viewpoint of coating properties and coating strength.
- crosslinkable monomer for example, a compound obtained by reacting a polyhydric alcohol with an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid (for example, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate (the number of ethylene groups is 2 to 14).
- a polyhydric alcohol for example, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate (the number of ethylene groups is 2 to 14).
- crosslinkable monomers are trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate in the sense that the crosslinking density and reactivity can be easily controlled.
- Bisphenol A polyoxyethylene dimethacrylate is used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the functional monomer contains bromine and sulfur atoms.
- the bromine-containing monomer include New Frontier BR-31, New Frontier BR-30, and New Frontier BR-42M manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
- the sulfur-containing monomer composition include IU-L2000, IU-L3000, and IU-MS1010 manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company.
- the bromine and sulfur atom-containing monomers (polymers containing them) used in the present invention are not limited to those listed here.
- the photoinitiator is preferably a photoinitiator that generates free radicals by ultraviolet light or visible light.
- benzoin ethers such as benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin propyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, and benzoin phenyl ether
- Benzophenones such as benzophenone, N, N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminobenzophenone (Michler's ketone), N, N'-tetraethyl-4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, benzyldimethyl ketal (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) IRGACURE (Irgacure) 651)
- benzyl ketals such as benzyl diethyl ketal, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, p-tert-butyldichloroacetophen
- Examples of (C) photoinitiators that can be used as photoinitiators include 2,4,5-triallylimidazole dimer, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, leucocrystal violet, tris (4-diethylamino-2 Combinations with -methylphenyl) methane and the like are also mentioned.
- an additive that can be used as a sensitizer system with a better photoinitiation performance as a whole when used in combination with the above substances such as triethanolamine for benzophenone, etc. Secondary amines can be used.
- the thermal initiator is preferably an organic peroxide that generates free radicals by heat.
- the same organic peroxide as the radical polymerization initiator used to obtain the spherical phosphor is used. Can be mentioned.
- the acrylic photocurable resin and the thermosetting resin are also included in the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention. It can be used as a transparent sealing resin. In view of the influence on the rare earth metal complex which is the spherical phosphor or the fluorescent substance, an acrylic type is more preferable.
- thermoplastic resin that flows by heating or pressurization is used as the transparent sealing resin of the resin composition for wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material
- a thermoplastic resin that flows by heating or pressurization for example, natural rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyisoprene, poly (Di) enes such as 1,2-butadiene, polyisobutene, polybutene, poly-2-heptyl-1,3-butadiene, poly-2-t-butyl-1,3-butadiene, poly-1,3-butadiene, etc.
- Polyethers such as polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyvinyl ethyl ether, polyvinyl hexyl ether, polyvinyl butyl ether, polyesters such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl propionate, polyurethane, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, poly Methacrylonitrile, Resulfone, phenoxy resin, polyethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, poly-2-ethylhexyl acrylate, poly-t-butyl acrylate, poly-3-ethoxypropyl acrylate, polyoxycarbonyl tetramethacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyisopropyl methacrylate, poly Dodecyl methacrylate, polytetradecyl methacrylate, poly-n-propyl methacrylate, poly-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate,
- thermoplastic resins may be copolymerized in two or more if necessary, or may be used by blending two or more.
- epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyether acrylate, polyester acrylate, or the like can be used as a copolymer resin with the above resin.
- urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, and polyether acrylate are excellent from the viewpoint of adhesiveness.
- Epoxy acrylates include 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, allyl alcohol diglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, adipic acid diglycidyl ester, phthalic acid diglycidyl ester, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether And (meth) acrylic acid adducts such as trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, glycerin triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, and sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether.
- Polymers that can form hydroxyl groups in the molecule are effective in improving adhesion.
- These copolymer resins can be used in combination of two or more as required.
- the softening temperature of these resins is preferably 200 ° C. or less, and more preferably 150 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of handleability. Considering that the use environment temperature of the solar cell unit is usually 80 ° C. or lower and workability, the softening temperature of the resin is particularly preferably 80 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the composition of the other resin composition when a thermoplastic resin is used as the transparent sealing resin is not particularly limited as long as the spherical phosphor is contained, but usually used components such as a plasticizer and a flame retardant , Stabilizers and the like can be contained.
- the transparent encapsulating resin of the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulating material of the present invention is not particularly limited to photo-curing property, thermosetting property, thermoplasticity, but as a particularly preferred resin.
- a composition in which a thermal radical initiator is blended with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer widely used as a conventional sealing material for solar cells.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention may be composed only of a light emitting layer containing the spherical phosphor, but may further include a light transmission layer other than the light emitting layer in addition to the light emitting layer.
- Examples of the light transmitting layer other than the light emitting layer include a support layer that is a light transmitting layer obtained by removing the spherical phosphor from the light emitting layer.
- the support layer can contain the same components as the light emitting layer, except that the spherical phosphor is not included.
- the matters relating to the transparent sealing resin described with respect to the light emitting layer can be applied as they are.
- the transparent encapsulating resin of each layer is at least as high as the light incident side layer or a higher refractive index. It is preferable to have.
- the refractive index of the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.5 to 2.1, more preferably 1.5 to 1.9. Moreover, when the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material of this invention consists of a some light transmissive layer, it is preferable that the whole refractive index of the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material is in the said range.
- the sealing material preferably has only the light emitting layer and the support layer described above, but it does not exclude having other layers.
- An example of such a layer is a light diffusion layer.
- the total film thickness of the light emitting layer and the support layer in the sealing material is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the sealing effect, and more preferably 200 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m. Further, the ratio of the total thickness t of the light emitting layer to the total thickness of the support layer and the light emitting layer is preferably 0.1% to 80%, and preferably 1% to 50% in terms of cost. Is more preferable.
- the total film thickness of the sealing material is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the sealing effect, and more preferably 200 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m.
- the total film thickness of the light emitting layer and the support layer and the total film thickness of the sealing material can be measured according to the method described for the total film thickness of the light emitting layer.
- the total film thickness of a light emitting layer and a support layer can be obtained by measuring the total film thickness of the said sealing material. .
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material of this invention is arrange
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention is preferably in the form of a sheet from the viewpoint of ease of handling, and is in the form of a sheet having a light emitting layer containing a spherical phosphor and a support layer not containing a spherical phosphor. More preferably.
- the method for producing a wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention includes (1) a step of preparing the spherical phosphor, and (2) a resin composition in which the spherical phosphor is mixed or dispersed in an encapsulating resin.
- a step of integrating with the light emitting layer may be included.
- the spherical phosphor may be purchased and prepared, or may be manufactured and prepared by the above method. Specifically, the step of preparing the spherical phosphor includes dissolving or dispersing the fluorescent substance in a monomer compound and polymerizing it. Specifically, the matters already described in the method for producing the spherical phosphor may be applied as they are.
- a method for preparing the resin composition by mixing or dispersing the spherical phosphor in the sealing resin a commonly used method can be used without any particular limitation. You may knead
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 600 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 600 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 600 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the sheet surface may be embossed. By embossing, entrainment of bubbles can be reduced in the process of manufacturing the solar cell module.
- the said resin composition can also be formed in the cast film shape, affixed inside a photovoltaic cell or protective glass, and can also comprise at least 1 layer of the light transmissive layer of a solar cell module.
- the resin composition for use in a cast film is obtained by appropriately blending an acrylic resin polymerized in a solution such as toluene with a crosslinkable monomer, light or a thermal polymerization initiator, and mixing the spherical phosphor therewith. It is done.
- the mixed solution of the resin composition is applied onto a base film (for example, PET film) using an applicator or the like, and the solvent is dried to obtain a cast film.
- the support layer as a semi-cured sheet is prepared, and the support layer is laminated on the light emitting layer formed on the semi-cured sheet.
- it is formed into a sheet shape in the same manner, and is laminated on the support layer on the side where the light emitting layer is not laminated.
- the whole can be integrated by, for example, thermocompression bonding to obtain a sealing material.
- the thickness of a support layer It can be set as the thickness according to the total film thickness of the whole sealing material.
- the thickness of the sealing material is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the sealing effect, and more preferably 200 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m.
- the present invention also covers a solar cell module using the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material.
- the solar cell module of the present invention includes a solar cell element and the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material disposed on the light receiving surface of the solar cell element, and includes other constituent elements as necessary. . Thereby, power generation efficiency improves.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material of the present invention is used, for example, as one of the light transmissive layers of a solar cell module having a plurality of light transmissive layers and solar cell elements.
- the solar cell module includes, for example, necessary members such as an antireflection film, protective glass, a wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material, a solar cell element, a back film, an element electrode, and a tab wire.
- necessary members such as an antireflection film, protective glass, a wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material, a solar cell element, a back film, an element electrode, and a tab wire.
- the light transmissive layer having light transmissive properties an antireflection film, a protective glass, the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material of the present invention, a SiNx: H layer and a Si layer of a solar cell element, etc. Is mentioned.
- the order of lamination of the light-transmitting layers mentioned above is usually an antireflection film, protective glass, and the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing of the present invention, which are formed in order from the light receiving surface of the solar cell module.
- the material is a SiNx: H layer or Si layer of the solar cell element.
- the external light entering from any angle has less reflection loss and is efficiently introduced into the solar cell element.
- the light-transmitting layer disposed on the light incident side from the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant, that is, higher than the refractive index of the antireflection film, protective glass, etc., and the reflection of the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant The refractive index of the light transmissive layer disposed on the incident side, that is, the SiNx: H layer (also referred to as “element antireflection film”) and the Si layer of the solar cell element is preferably lower.
- the light transmitting layer disposed on the light incident side of the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant that is, the refractive index of the antireflection film is 1.25 to 1.45
- the refractive index of the protective glass is Usually, about 1.45 to 1.55 is used.
- the refractive index of the light transmissive layer disposed on the light incident side of the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant, that is, the SiNx: H layer (element antireflection film) of the solar cell element is usually 1.9 to 2.
- the refractive index of about 1 and the Si layer or the like is usually about 3.3 to 3.4.
- the refractive index of the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention is usually 1.5 to 2.1, preferably 1.5 to 1.9.
- the spherical phosphor preferably europium complex or samarium complex
- a monomer preferably vinyl monomer
- this is emulsified or dispersed. It is preferable to disperse the spherical phosphor obtained by suspension polymerization in the transparent sealing resin composition to obtain a wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material.
- the spherical phosphor used for the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant of the present invention the relationship between the volume distribution and number distribution obtained from the particle size distribution curve, the median diameter (D 50 ) obtained from the volume distribution and the light emitting layer
- D 50 median diameter
- the method for manufacturing the solar cell module includes a step of preparing the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant, and a step of arranging the wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell element, Other steps are included as necessary.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material (particularly preferably a sheet shape) of the present invention is used.
- a silicon crystal solar cell module is first made into a sheet-shaped sealing material on a cover glass that is a light receiving surface (in many cases, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is made into a thermosetting type with a thermal radical initiator. Stuff).
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material of this invention is used for the sealing material used here.
- a sheet-shaped sealing material in the present invention, the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material may be used only on the light receiving surface side. , Which may be a conventional one) is mounted so that the light emitting layer faces the light receiving surface side, and a back sheet is further mounted to form a module using a vacuum pressure laminator dedicated to the solar cell module.
- the hot plate temperature of the laminator is a temperature necessary for the sealing material to soften and melt, enclose the solar cell element, and further cure, and is usually 120 ° C. to 180 ° C. It is designed so that these physical and chemical changes occur at a temperature of from 160 ° C to 160 ° C.
- Example 1 ⁇ Synthesis of fluorescent substances> ⁇ Synthesis of FTP [1- (4-fluorophenyl) -3- (2-thienyl) -1,3-propanedione]> Sodium hydride: 0.96 g (0.04 mol) was weighed, and dehydrated tetrahydrofuran: 22.5 ml was added under a nitrogen atmosphere. With vigorous stirring, a solution of 2.52 g (0.02 mol) of 2-acetylthiophene and 3.70 g (0.024 mol) of methyl 4-fluorobenzoate in 12.5 ml of dehydrated tetrahydrofuran was added over 1 hour. And dripped. Thereafter, the water bath was set at 76 ° C.
- the temperature was further raised to 80 ° C. and stirred for 2 hours to complete the reaction. It returned to room temperature (25 degreeC), the produced
- a particle size and shape automatic image analysis measuring device manufactured by Malvern Instruments Ltd., Sysmex FPIA-3000 was used, and the number of particles to be measured was 1000 and defined in the analysis software. It was confirmed that the degree was 0.90 or more.
- a resin composition was prepared in the same manner except that the spherical phosphor was not added.
- a support layer not containing a fluorescent substance (spherical phosphor) having a thickness of 450 ⁇ m was prepared by a press machine in which 15 g of this resin composition was sandwiched between release sheets and a hot plate was adjusted to 90 ° C. using a stainless steel spacer.
- the film thickness was an average value of the measured values at five points using a high precision Digimatic Micrometer MDH-25M manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation.
- a light emitting layer containing a fluorescent substance (spherical phosphor) having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the support layer except that the thickness of the spacer was changed for the wavelength conversion resin composition obtained above.
- a film thickness is the average value measured like the measurement in the said support layer.
- ⁇ Production of wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material> The support layer and the light emitting layer were sandwiched between release sheets, and a wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant having a two-layer structure was obtained by a press machine using a stainless steel spacer and a hot plate adjusted to 90 ° C.
- the thickness of the obtained wavelength conversion type solar cell encapsulant was 600 ⁇ m.
- a film thickness is the average value measured like the measurement in the said support layer.
- a solar cell encapsulating sheet for the back surface was produced in the same manner except that the composition was the same as that of the support layer and the thickness was adjusted to 600 ⁇ m.
- the wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material is placed so that the support layer is in contact with the tempered glass, and the electromotive force can be taken out on the tempered glass.
- a solar cell element is mounted so that the light receiving surface is in contact with the light emitting layer, and a back surface solar cell sealing sheet and a PET film (trade name: A-4300, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) are mounted as a back film.
- the solar cell module of Example 1 was laminated using a vacuum pressure laminator (Nen PC Corporation, LM-50x50-S) under conditions of a hot plate at 150 ° C., a vacuum of 10 minutes, and a pressure of 15 minutes. Produced.
- a vacuum pressure laminator Ne PC Corporation, LM-50x50-S
- the temperature was further raised to 80 ° C. and stirred for 2 hours to complete the reaction. It returned to room temperature (25 degreeC), the produced
- the volume particle size distribution curve, the number particle size distribution curve, the median diameter D 50 , the integrated value N, and the Jsc ratio were measured by the same procedure and method.
- the volume particle size distribution curve (volume fraction) and the number particle size distribution curve (number fraction) are shown in FIG. 2, and the median diameter D 50 , integrated value N, and Jsc ratio are shown in Table 1.
- volume particle size distribution curve, the number particle size distribution curve, the median diameter D 50 , the integrated value N, and the Jsc ratio were measured by the same procedure and method.
- the volume particle size distribution curve (volume fraction) and number particle size distribution curve (number fraction) are shown in FIG. 3, and the median diameter D 50 , integrated value N, and Jsc ratio are shown in Table 1.
- the integrated value N (D 25 to D 75 ) is large (5% or more) even when the median diameter is the same, and it does not contain many particles with a small particle diameter.
- the median diameter (D 50 ) of the phosphor is 1/10 or more (15 ⁇ m or more) of the film thickness (t: 150 ⁇ m) of the light emitting layer.
- the number of phosphors overlapping in the depth direction of the film thickness of the light emitting layer Seems to have been suppressed.
- the conversion efficiency is improved because the scattering is suppressed. Therefore, it is confirmed that the scattering in the excitation wavelength region is suppressed and the power generation efficiency is improved.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、表面の保護ガラス(カバーガラスともいう)は、耐衝撃性を重んじて強化ガラスが用いられており、封止材(通常、エチレンビニルアセテートコポリマーを主成分とする樹脂、充填材ともいう)との密着性をよくするために、片面はエンボス加工による凹凸模様が施されている。
また、その凹凸模様は、内側に形成されており、太陽電池モジュールの表面は、平滑である。また、保護ガラスの下側には、太陽電池素子及びタブ線を保護封止するための封止材及びバックフィルムが設けられている。
また従来から、例えば特開2006-303033号公報及び特開2003-51605号公報等に開示されているように、太陽電池用透明封止材として熱硬化性を付与したエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体が広く用いられている。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材は、上記のような問題を改善しようとするもので、励起波長の光の散乱を抑制して、太陽電池モジュールにおける光利用効率を向上させ、発電効率を安定的に向上させることを可能とする波長変換型太陽電池封止材、及び、これを含む太陽電池モジュールを提供することを課題とする。
即ち、本発明は以下の通りである。
[1] 球状蛍光体群を含む少なくとも1つの発光層を有し、前記球状蛍光体群が、該球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布における中位径をD50、前記発光層の総膜厚をtとした場合、中位径D50と総膜厚tとの比が0.1以上1.0以下であり、該球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布の積算値が25%となる粒径値をD25、75%となる粒径値をD75とした場合、前記球状蛍光体群のD25~D75の範囲の個数粒度分布の積算値Nが5%以上である、波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[2] 前記球状蛍光体群の中位径D50が、1μm~600μmである[1]に記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[3] 前記発光層の総膜厚が、10μm~600μmである[1]又は[2]に記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[4] 前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、蛍光物質と透明材料とを含む[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[5] 前記透明材料が、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、及びポリ塩化ビニルからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[6] 前記発光層以外の光透過層を更に有する[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[7] 総膜厚が10μm~1000μmである[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[8] 前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、蛍光物質と透明材料とを含み、該球状蛍光体における蛍光物質の含有率が、透明材料100質量部に対して0.001質量部~30質量部である[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[9] 前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、有機蛍光物質、無機蛍光物質及び希土類金属錯体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の蛍光物質を含有する[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[10] 前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、蛍光物質として希土類金属錯体を含有し、該希土類金属錯体が、ユーロピウム錯体及びサマリウム錯体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
[11] 太陽電池素子と、前記太陽電池素子の受光面上に配置された[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材と、を含む太陽電池モジュール。
本発明によれば、励起波長域の光の散乱が抑制でき、太陽電池モジュールにおける光利用効率を向上させ、発電効率を安定的に向上させることを可能とする波長変換型太陽電池封止材及びこれを含む太陽電池モジュールを提供できる。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材(以下、単に「封止材」ということがある)は、球状蛍光体群を含む少なくとも1つの発光層を有し、前記球状蛍光体群が、該球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布における中位径をD50、前記発光層の総膜厚をtとした場合、中位径D50と総膜厚tとの比(D50/t)が0.1以上1.0以下であり、該球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布の積算値が25%となる粒径値をD25、75%となる粒径値をD75とした場合、前記球状蛍光体群のD25~D75の範囲の個数粒度分布の積算値Nが5%以上である、波長変換型太陽電池封止材である。
本発明によれば、前記発光層に含まれる球状蛍光体群として、粒子径のばらつきの小さい球状蛍光体群を用い、球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布における中位径D50と発光層の総膜厚tとの比を0.1以上1.0以下とすることで、効率よく変換した波長を素子へ入射できることを見出し、封止材中の蛍光物質の凝集等に起因した励起波長域の散乱が抑制される。
即ち、本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材では、発光層の総膜厚をt、球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布における中位径をD50とする場合に、中位径D50と前記発光層の総膜厚tとの比が0.1以上1.0以下であるので、発光層の膜厚に対しての深さ方向において個々の球状蛍光体が互いに重なり難い。また、前記球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布の積算値が25%及び75%となる粒子径をそれぞれD25及びD75と表記し、D25~D75の範囲における個数粒度分布の積算値をNとすると、積算値Nが5%以上であるため、中位径D50に近い粒子径の球状蛍光体が多くなり、粒子径のばらつきが小さくなる。
更に、発光層の中に含まれる球状蛍光体群の粒子径のばらつきを小さくし、小さな粒子径の球状蛍光体を減らすことで、光の散乱を抑え、入射光透過率を増大させる。よって、太陽電池素子に到達する光量が増加し、太陽電池モジュールの光利用効率が高くなり、発電効率を向上させることができる。
このように本発明によれば、効率よく変換した波長をセルへ入射することができ、太陽電池モジュールにおける光利用効率を向上させ、発電効率を安定的に向上させることができる。
また、体積粒度分布の積算値が小径側から25%から75%となるD25~D75の範囲の球状蛍光体群の個数粒度分布の積算値Nが大きいことは、中位径に近い粒子径の球状蛍光体が多いことを表し、積算値Nが小さいことは、粒子径のばらつきが大きく、中位径よりも小さい粒子径の粒子が多いことを表す。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
また本明細書において「~」は、その前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値および最大値として含む範囲を示すものとする。
さらに本明細書において組成物中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
以下、本発明について説明する。
また、本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材は、例えば、前記太陽電池モジュールの光透過性層の一つとして用いられ、前記球状蛍光体群を含む少なくとも1つの発光層を有する。好ましくは、前記波長変換型太陽電池封止材(以下、単に「封止材」と称する場合がある)は、前記球状蛍光体群を含まない支持層と球状蛍光体を含む発光層とが積層される。
<<波長変換型太陽電池封止材>>
本発明の封止材は、前記球状蛍光体群を含む少なくとも1つの発光層を有する。前記発光層は、1層であっても、2層以上で形成されていてもよいが、コストや製造工程の簡易化などの観点から、球状蛍光体群を含む発光層は1層で構成されていることが好ましい。
前記発光層に含まれる前記球状蛍光体群は、体積粒度分布から得られる中位径D50と発光層の総膜厚tとの所定の関係と、粒度分布曲線から得られる体積分布と個数分布の所定の関係とを有する。具体的には、前記球状蛍光体群は、前記球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布における中位径(μm)をD50、前記発光層の総膜厚(μm)をtとした場合、中位径D50と総膜厚tとの比が0.1以上1.0以下であり、前記球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布の積算値が25%となる粒径値をD25、75%となる粒径値をD75とした場合、前記球状蛍光体群のD25~D75の範囲の個数粒度分布の積算値Nが5%以上であることを要する。このような粒度分布から得られる体積分布と個数分布の所定の関係と、体積粒度分布から得られる中位径と発光層の総膜厚との所定の関係を示さない球状蛍光体群では、励起波長域の散乱を充分に抑制することができない。
また前記球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布の積算値D25~D75の範囲の個数粒度分布の積算値Nは、光の散乱の抑制及び入射光透過率の観点から、10%以上であることが好ましく、20%以上であることがより好ましい。10%以上であれば、発光層の膜厚方向で重なる球状蛍光体の数が少なくなり、光の散乱が抑制され、透過率が高くなる傾向がある。なお、前記個数分布の積算値Nの上限については特に制限はない。
また、D25~D75の範囲に属する球状蛍光体の個数分布積算値Nは、前記球状蛍光体の中位径(D50)と同様に、レーザー回折散乱法により得られた個数粒度分布曲線から得たものとする。
前記球状蛍光体群としては、励起波長域の散乱及び、得られる太陽電池モジュールにおける発電効率の観点から、以下のいずれかであることがより好ましい:
(1) 中位径D50が50μm~300μmであって、中位径D50と発光層の総膜厚tとの比が0.5~1.0であり、前記個数分布の積算値Nが5%以上である球状蛍光体群;
(2) 中位径D50が50μm~300μmであって、中位径D50と発光層の総膜厚tとの比が0.5~1.0であり、前記個数分布の積算値Nが10%以上である球状蛍光体群;
(3) 中位径D50が50μm~200μmであって、中位径D50と発光層の総膜厚tとの比が0.5~1.0であり、前記個数分布の積算値Nが5%以上である球状蛍光体群;
(4) 中位径D50が50μm~200μmであって、中位径D50と発光層の総膜厚tとの比が0.5~1.0であり、前記個数分布の積算値Nが10%以上である球状蛍光体群。
以下では、本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材に用いる球状蛍光体(以下、特に断らない限り、球状蛍光体群を構成する個々の球状蛍光体を意味する。)及びその製造方法について、詳細に説明する。
前記球状蛍光体は、例えば、波長変換型太陽電池封止材に含まれる発光層に含有させて用いられる。例えば、シリコン結晶太陽電池では、太陽光のうち400nmよりも短波長、1200nmよりも長波長の光が有効に利用されず、太陽光エネルギーのうち約56%がこのスペクトルミスマッチにより発電に寄与しない。本発明では、耐湿性、耐熱性に優れ、分散性が良く、濃度消光を抑制した特定の形状の蛍光体が好ましく用いられるので、波長変換によって、効率よく且つ安定的に太陽光を利用することにより、特に短波長側のスペクトルミスマッチを克服することができる。
前記蛍光物質としては、通常の太陽電池で利用可能な波長域外の光を、太陽電池で利用可能な波長域に変換可能な化合物であれば、特に制限はない。例えば、通常の太陽電池での利用効率が不十分な波長域の光を、太陽電池で利用効率が高い波長域に変換可能な化合物であることが好ましく、励起波長が500nm以下であって発光波長がそれよりも長い波長である蛍光物質であることがより好ましい。
蛍光物質として具体的には例えば、有機蛍光物質、無機蛍光物質、及び希土類金属錯体を好ましく挙げることができる。中でも波長変換効率の観点から、有機蛍光物質及び希土類金属錯体の少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、希土類金属の有機錯物質がより好ましい。蛍光物質としての希土類金属錯体を用いた場合には、希土類金属錯体の利用効率を最大限に高めることができ、実効的な発光効率を向上させることができる。これにより高価な希土類金属錯体を極僅かな量に抑え、発電に寄与することができる。
前記無機蛍光物質としては、例えば、Y2O2S:Eu,Mg,Tiの蛍光粒子、Er3+イオンを含有した酸化フッ化物系結晶化ガラス、酸化ストロンチウムと酸化アルミニウムからなる化合物に希土類元素のユウロピウム(Eu)とジスプロシウム(Dy)を添加したSrAl2O4:Eu,Dyや、Sr4Al14O25:Eu,Dyや、CaAl2O4:Eu,Dyや、ZnS:Cu等の無機蛍光物質を挙げることができる。
前記有機蛍光物質としては、例えば、シアニン系色素、ピリジン系色素、ローダミン系色素等の有機色素、BASF社製のLumogen F Violet570、同Yellow083、同Orange240、同Red300、田岡化学工業(株)製の塩基性染料Rhodamine B、住化ファインケム(株)製のSumiplast Yellow FL7G、Bayer社製のMACROLEX Fluorescent Red G、同Yellow10GN等の有機蛍光物質を挙げることができる。
前記希土類金属の有機錯体としては、発光効率及び発光波長の観点から、ユーロピウム錯体及びサマリウム錯体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、ユーロピウム錯体であることがより好ましい。
また有機錯体を構成する配位子としては特に制限はなく、用いる金属に応じて適宜選択することができる。中でもユーロピウムおよびサマリウムの少なくとも1種と錯体を形成可能な配位子であることが好ましい。
また希土類錯体の配位子として、一般式;R1COCHR2COR3(式中、R1はアリール基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アラルキル基又はそれらの置換体を、R2は水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アラルキル基又はアリール基を、R3はアリール基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、アラルキル基又はそれらの置換体をそれぞれ示す)で表わされるβ-ジケトン類を含有してもよい。
β-ジケトン類としては、具体的にはアセチルアセトン、パーフルオロアセチルアセトン、ベンゾイル-2-フラノイルメタン、1,3-ジ(3-ピリジル)-1,3-プロパンジオン、ベンゾイルトリフルオロアセトン、ベンゾイルアセトン、5-クロロスルホニル-2-テノイルトリフルオロアセトン、ビス(4-ブロモベンゾイル)メタン、ジベンゾイルメタン、d,d-ジカンフォリルメタン、1,3-ジシアノ-1,3-プロパンジオン、p-ビス(4,4,5,5,6,6,6-ヘプタフルオロ-1,3-ヘキサンジノイル)ベンゼン、4,4′-ジメトキシジベンゾイルメタン、2,6-ジメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオン、ジナフトイルメタン、ジピバロイルメタン、ビス(パーフルオロ-2-プロポキシプロピオニル)メタン、1,3-ジ(2-チエニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン、3-(トリフルオロアセチル)-d-カンファー、6,6,6-トリフルオロ-2,2-ジメチル-3,5-ヘキサンジオン、1,1,1,2,2,6,6,7,7,7-デカフルオロ-3,5-ヘプタンジオン、6,6,7,7,8,8,8-ヘプタフルオロ-2,2-ジメチル-3,5-オクタンジオン、2-フリルトリフルオロアセトン、ヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトン、3-(ヘプタフルオロブチリル)-d-カンファー、4,4,5,5,6,6,6-ヘプタフルオロ-1-(2-チエニル)-1,3-ヘキサンジオン、4-メトキシジベンゾイルメタン、4-メトキシベンゾイル-2-フラノイルメタン、6-メチル-2,4-ヘプタンジオン、2-ナフトイルトリフルオロアセトン、2-(2-ピリジル)ベンズイミダゾール、5,6-ジヒドロキシ-1,10-フェナントロリン、1-フェニル-3-メチル-4-ベンゾイル-5-ピラゾール、1-フェニル-3-メチル-4-(4-ブチルベンゾイル)-5-ピラゾール、1-フェニル-3-メチル-4-イソブチリル-5-ピラゾール、1-フェニル-3-メチル-4-トリフルオロアセチル-5-ピラゾール、3-(5-フェニル-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)-2,4-ペンタンジオン、3-フェニル-2,4-ペンタンジオン、3-[3′,5′-ビス(フェニルメトキシ)フェニル]-1-(9-フェナンチル)-1-プロパン-1,3-ジオン、5,5-ジメチル-1,1,1-トリフルオロ-2,4-ヘキサンジオン、1-フェニル-3-(2-チエニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン、1-(4-フルオロフェニル)-3-(2-チエニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン(FTP)、3-(t-ブチルヒドロキシメチレン)-d-カンファー、1,1,1-トリフルオロ-2,4-ペンタンジオン、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-テトラデカフルオロ-4,6-ノナンジオン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオン、4,4,4-トリフルオロ-1-(2-ナフチル)-1,3-ブタンジオン、1,1,1-トリフルオロ-5,5-ジメチル-2,4-ヘキサンジオン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-3,5-オクタンジオン、2,2,6-トリメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオン、2,2,7-トリメチル-3,5-オクタンジオン、4,4,4-トリフルオロ-1-(チエニル)-1,3-ブタンジオン(TTA)、1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(N-メチル-3-ピロール)-1,3-プロパンジオン(BMPP)、1-(p-t-ブチルフェニル)-3-(p-メトキシフェニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン(BMDBM)、1,3-ジフェニル-1,3-プロパンジオン、べンゾイルアセトン、ジべンゾイルアセトン、ジイソブチロイルメタン、ジピバロイルメタン、3-メチルペンタン-2,4-ジオン、2,2-ジメチルペンタン-3,5-ジオン、2-メチル-1,3-ブタンジオン、1,3-ブタンジオン、3-フェニル-2,4-ペンタンジオン、1,1,1-トリフロロ-2,4-ペンタンジオン、1,1,1-トリフロロ-5,5-ジメチル-2,4-ヘキサンジオン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-3,5-ヘプタンジオン、3-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオン、2-アセチルシクロペンタノン、2-アセチルシクロヘキサノン、1-ヘプタフロロプロピル-3-t-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオン、1,3-ジフェニル-2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオン、又は1-エトキシ-1,3-ブタンジオン等が挙げられる。
Eu(TTA)3Phenの製造法は、例えば、Masaya Mitsuishi, Shinji Kikuchi, Tokuji Miyashita, Yutaka Amano, J.Mater.Chem.2003, 13, 285-2879に開示されている方法を参照できる。またEu(FTP)3Phenは、Eu(TTA)3Phenの製造法に準じて製造できる。
前記蛍光物質は、透明材料に含有されていることが好ましい。本発明においては透明とは、光路長1cmにおける波長400nm~800nmの光の透過率が90%以上であることをいう。
前記透明材料としては、透明であれば特に制限はなく、例えば、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル等の樹脂類を挙げることができる。中でも光散乱抑制の観点から、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂であることが好ましい。前記樹脂を構成するモノマー化合物としては特に制限はないが、光散乱抑制の観点から、ビニル化合物であることが好ましい。
また前記蛍光物質を前記透明材料に含有させ、形状を球状にする方法としては、例えば、前記蛍光物質をモノマー化合物に溶解、あるいは分散処理して組成物を調製し、これを重合(乳化重合又は懸濁重合)することで調製することができる。具体的には、例えば、蛍光物質及びビニル化合物を含む混合物(以下、「ビニル化合物組成物」ともいう)を調製し、これを例えば、ラジカル重合開始剤を用いて、乳化物又は懸濁物に含まれるビニル化合物を重合(乳化重合又は懸濁重合)することで、蛍光物質が含有された球状樹脂粒子として球状蛍光体を構成することができる。
本発明においては、発電効率の観点から、蛍光物質およびビニル化合物を含む混合物(ビニル化合物組成物)を調製し、これを媒体(例えば、水系媒体)中に分散して懸濁物を得て、これを例えば、ラジカル重合開始剤を用いて懸濁物に含まれるビニル化合物を重合(懸濁重合)することで、蛍光物質が含有された球状樹脂粒子として球状蛍光体を構成することが好ましい。
前記ビニル化合物とは、エチレン性不飽和結合を少なくとも1つ有する化合物であれば特に制限はなく、重合反応した際にビニル樹脂、特にアクリル樹脂又はメタクリル樹脂になり得るアクリルモノマー、メタクリルモノマー、アクリルオリゴマー、メタクリルオリゴマー等を特に制限なく用いることができる。本発明において好ましくは、アクリルモノマー、およびメタクリルモノマー等が挙げられる。
前記ビニル化合物を重合させるためにラジカル重合開始剤を用いることが好ましい。ラジカル重合開始剤としては、特に制限なく通常用いられるラジカル重合開始剤を用いることができる。例えば、過酸化物等が好ましく挙げられる。具体的には、熱により遊離ラジカルを発生させる有機過酸化物やアゾ系ラジカル開始剤が好ましい。
有機過酸化物としては、例えば、イソブチルパーオキサイド、α,α′-ビス(ネオデカノイルパーオキシ)ジイソプロピルベンゼン、クミルパーオキシネオデカノエート、ジ-n-プロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ-s-ブチルパーオキシジカーボネート、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルネオデカノエート、ビス(4-t-ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート、1-シクロヘキシル-1-メチルエチルパーオキシネオデカノエート、ジ-2-エトキシエチルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ(エチルヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート、t-ヘキシルネオデカノエート、ジメトキシブチルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ(3-メチル-3-メトキシブチル)パーオキシジカーボネート、t-ブチルパーオキシネオデカノエート、t-ヘキシルパーオキシピバレート、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノイルパーオキサイド、オクタノイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、ステアロイルパーオキサイド、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、サクニックパーオキサイド、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ(2-エチルヘキサノイル)ヘキサン、1-シクロヘキシル-1-メチルエチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、t-ヘキシルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、4-メチルベンゾイルパーオキサイド、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、m-トルオノイルベンゾイルパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、t-ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)2-メチルシクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(t-ヘキシルパーオキシ)-3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(t-ヘキシルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)-3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサノン、2,2-ビス(4,4-ジブチルパーオキシシクロヘキシル)プロパン、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロドデカン、t-ヘキシルパーオキシイソプロピルモノカーボネート、t-ブチルパーオキシマレイン酸、t-ブチルパーオキシ-3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノエート、t-ブチルパーオキシラウレート、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ(m-トルオイルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、t-ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルモノカーボネート、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキシルモノカーボネート、t-ヘキシルパーオキシベンゾエート、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ(ベンゾイルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、t-ブチルパーオキシアセテート、2,2-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ブタン、t-ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、n-ブチル-4,4-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)バレレート、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシイソフタレート、α,α′-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ジイソプロピルベンゼン、ジクミルパーオキサイド、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン、t-ブチルクミルパーオキサイド、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシ、p-メンタンハイドロパーオキサイド、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ジ(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキシン、ジイソプロピルベンゼンハイドロパーオキサイド、t-ブチルトリメチルシリルパーオキサイド、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド、t-ヘキシルハイドロパーオキサイド、t-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、2,3-ジメチル-2,3-ジフェニルブタン等を使用することができる。
前記蛍光物質、さらに必要に応じてラジカル捕捉剤を前記透明材料に含有させつつ形状を球状にして球状蛍光体を製造する方法としては、例えば、前記蛍光物質及びラジカル捕捉剤を前記モノマー化合物に溶解、あるいは分散処理して組成物を調製し、これを重合(乳化重合又は懸濁重合)することを含む。具体的には、例えば、蛍光物質、ビニル化合物、及び必要に応じてラジカル捕捉剤を含む混合物を調製し、これを媒体(例えば、水系媒体)中に乳化又は分散して、乳化物又は懸濁物を得る。これを例えば、ラジカル重合開始剤を用いて乳化物又は懸濁物に含まれるビニル化合物を重合(乳化重合又は懸濁重合)することで、蛍光物質が含有された球状樹脂粒子として球状蛍光体を構成することができる。
懸濁重合の重合反応における攪拌条件を、適宜調整することにより、所望の剪断力が反応系全体に付与され、球状蛍光体の個数粒度分布の積算値Nを所定の範囲に調整することができる。
生成する重合物はそのガラス転移温度に応じて、その状態を選ぶことができる。ガラス転移温度の高い、たとえばメタクリル酸メチル等では、蛍光物質、ラジカル重合開始剤を混合した液を、所定の温度に保った水に界面活性剤を加え、ここに懸濁させることで粒子状の重合物を得ることができる(懸濁重合)。また界面活性剤の種類を適宜変更することで、より細かに懸濁させることにより、より微細な粒子を得ることもできる(乳化重合)。
また、ガラス転移点が室温よりも低い、たとえばアクリル酸ブチル等は、蛍光物質、ラジカル重合開始剤を混合した液をそのままフラスコ等の容器内で重合させ、粘度の高い重合物を得ることができる。
ラジカル重合開始剤に関しては、たとえばラウロイルパーオキサイド等、有機過酸化物が好適であり、ラウロイルパーオキサイドの場合は、50℃~60℃で重合するのがよい。
前記発光層は、波長変換能を有する光透過性の樹脂組成物の層であり、前記球状蛍光体が透明封止樹脂中に分散されている。
波長変換型太陽電池封止材が、前記球状蛍光体を含む発光層を備えることで、太陽電池モジュールにおける光透過性層の一つとして用いられる場合に、その光利用効率を向上させ、発電効率を安定的に向上させることができる。
前記発光層の総膜厚tは、株式会社ミツトヨ製、高精度デジマチックマイクロメータMDH-25Mを用い、前記封止材の厚みを5箇所計測し、5点での測定値の平均値とした。
本発明における波長変換性の発光層は、封止樹脂(透明封止樹脂)を含む。透明封止樹脂としては、光硬化性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、及び熱可塑性樹脂等が好ましく用いられる。
従来から、太陽電池用透明封止材として用いられている透明封止樹脂としては、上述の特開2006-303033号公報にあるように、熱硬化性を付与したエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)が広く用いられているが、本発明においてはこれに限定されるものではない。
(C)熱開始剤としては、熱により遊離ラジカルを発生させる有機過酸化物が好ましく、例えば、前記球状蛍光体を得るために用いられるラジカル重合開始剤として挙げた有機過酸化物と同じものを挙げることができる。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材の透明封止樹脂としては、上記のように、光硬化性、熱硬化性、熱可塑性と、特に樹脂を制限するものではないが、特に好ましい樹脂として、従来の太陽電池用封止材として広く利用されているエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体に熱ラジカル開始剤を配合した組成が挙げられる。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材は、前記球状蛍光体を含む発光層のみから構成されていてもよいが、前記発光層に加えて前記発光層以外の光透過層をさらに有することが好ましい。
前記発光層以外の光透過層としては、例えば、前記発光層から前記球状蛍光体を除いた光透過性層である支持層を挙げることができる。
前記支持層としては、前記球状蛍光体を含まない以外は、前記発光層と同様の成分を含むことできる。前記支持層に含まれる成分としては、前記発光層に関して記述した透明封止樹脂に関する事項をそのまま適用することができる。
詳細には、前記複数の光透過性層を、光入射側から層1、層2、・・・、層mとし、またこれらの屈折率をn1、n2、・・・、nmとしたとき、n1≦n2≦・・・・≦nmが成り立つことが好ましい。
前記封止材における発光層及び支持層の合計の膜厚は、10μm~1000μmであることが封止効果の観点から好ましく、200μm~800μmであることがより好ましい。更に、支持層及び発光層の総厚に対する、前記発光層の総膜厚tの割合は、コストの面で、0.1%~80%であることが好ましく、1%~50%であることがより好ましい。
封止材の総膜厚は、10μm~1000μmであることが、封止効果の観点から好ましく、200μm~800μmであることがより好ましい。
発光層及び支持層の合計の膜厚、及び封止材の総膜厚は、発光層の総膜厚について記載した方法に準じて測定することができる。なお、前記封止材が発光層及び支持層のみで構成されている場合には、前記封止材の総膜厚を測定することによって、発光層及び支持層の合計膜厚を得ることができる。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材は、太陽電池素子の受光面上に配置される。そうすることで、太陽電池素子受光表面のテクスチャー構造、素子電極、タブ線等を含めた凹凸形状に隙間なく追従できる。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材は、取り扱いの簡便さの点からシート状であることが好ましく、球状蛍光体を含む発光層と球状蛍光体を含まない支持層とを有するシート状であることがより好ましい。
-球状蛍光体の準備工程-
球状蛍光体を準備する工程では、前記球状蛍光体を購入して準備しても、或いは上記方法により製造して準備してもよい。
具体的には前記球状蛍光体を準備する工程は、前述蛍光物質をモノマー化合物に溶解又は分散処理し、これを重合することを含む。具体的には、前記球状蛍光体の製造方法において既述した事項をそのまま適用すればよい。
前記球状蛍光体を封止樹脂に混合又は分散し、樹脂組成物を調製する方法としては、通常用いられる方法を特に制限なく用いることができる。球状蛍光体が封止樹脂に均一に分散するよう、ロールミキサ、プラストミルなどで混練してもよい。例えば、ペレット状または粉末状のエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体に、球状蛍光体と、必要に応じて、ラジカル重合開始剤、シランカップリング剤等の添加剤を加え、90℃に調整したロールを用いて混練することにより得られる。
前記樹脂組成物をシート状に形成し、発光層を作製する方法としては、通常用いられる方法を特に制限なく用いることができる。封止樹脂として熱硬化性樹脂を用いる場合には、例えば、加熱したプレス機を用いて半硬化状態のシートに形成することができる。発光層の厚みは、前述したように、10μm以上600μm以下とすることが好ましく、50μm以上300μm以下とすることがより好ましい。
シート状にするには、90℃に調整したプレス機によりスペーサーを介して形成しうる。スペーサーの厚みは、0.4~1.0mm程度とすることにより、使用しやすいシート状の樹脂組成物が得られる。
またシート表面に、エンボス加工を施してもよい。エンボス加工を施すことにより、太陽電池モジュールを作製する工程で、気泡の巻き込みを少なくできる。
キャストフィルムに用いるための前記樹脂組成物は、トルエン等の溶液中で重合したアクリル樹脂に適宜架橋性モノマー、光または熱重合開始剤を配合し、これに前記球状蛍光体を混合することで得られる。
この樹脂組成物の混合液を基材となるフィルム(たとえばPETフィルム)上に、アプリケータ等を用いて塗布し、溶剤を乾燥させてキャストフィルムを得る。
前記球状蛍光体を含まない以外は同様にして、半硬化状態のシートとしての前記支持層を作製し、半硬化状態のシートに形成された前記発光層上に、支持層を積層する。任意の他の層を有する場合には、それぞれ同様にしてシート状に形成し、発光層が積層されていない側の支持層上に積層する。各層を積層した後に、例えば加熱圧着などにより、全体を一体化し、封止材を得ることができる。支持層の厚みは特に制限はなく、封止材全体の総膜厚に応じた厚みとすることができる。封止材の厚みは、前述したように、10μm~1000μmであることが、封止効果の観点から好ましく、200μm~800μmであることがより好ましい。
<<太陽電池モジュール>>
本発明は、上記波長変換型太陽電池封止材を用いた太陽電池モジュールも範囲とする。
本発明の太陽電池モジュールは、太陽電池素子と、この太陽電池素子の受光面上に配置された前記波長変換型太陽電池封止材と、を有し、必要に応じて他の構成要件を備える。これにより、発電効率が向上する。
本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材は、例えば、複数の光透過性層と太陽電池素子とを有する太陽電池モジュールの、光透過性層の一つとして用いられる。
前記太陽電池モジュールの製造方法は、前記波長変換型太陽電池封止材を準備する工程と、前記波長変換型太陽電池封止材を太陽電池素子の受光面側に配置する工程とを有し、必要に応じてその他の工程を含んで構成される。
波長変換型太陽電池封止材を準備する工程では、前記波長変換型太陽電池封止材を購入して準備しても、或いは上記波長変換型太陽電池封止材の製造方法により製造して準備してもよい。
具体的には、一般的なシリコン結晶太陽電池モジュールの製造方法と同様であり、通常の封止材シートに代えて、本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材(特に好ましくはシート状)を用いる点が異なる。
一般的にシリコン結晶太陽電池モジュールは、まず、受光面であるカバーガラスの上にシート状の封止材(多くは、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体を熱ラジカル開始剤で、熱硬化型にしたもの)を載せる。本発明では、ここで用いられる封止材を、本発明の波長変換型太陽電池封止材を用いる。次に、タブ線で接続された太陽電池素子を載せ、さらにシート状の封止材(ただし本発明では、受光面側のみで波長変換型太陽電池封止材を用いればよく、この裏面に関しては、従来のものでも構わない)を、受光面側に前記発光層が向くように載せ、さらにバックシートを載せて、太陽電池モジュール専用の真空加圧ラミネータを用いてモジュールとする。
<蛍光物質の合成>
<FTP〔1-(4-フルオロフェニル)-3-(2-チエニル)-1,3-プロパンジオン〕の合成>
水素化ナトリウム:0.96g(0.04mol)を秤取し、窒素雰囲気下、脱水テトラヒドロフラン:22.5mlを加えた。激しく攪拌しながら、2-アセチルチオフェン:2.52g(0.02mol)及び4-フルオロ安息香酸メチル:3.70g(0.024mol)を脱水テトラヒドロフラン12.5mlに溶解させた溶液を、1時間かけて滴下した。その後、ウォーターバスを76℃に設定し、窒素気流下、8時間還流させた。これを室温(25℃)に戻し、純水:10.0gを加え、更に3N塩酸:5.0mlを加えた。有機層を分離し、減圧下で濃縮した。濃縮物を再結晶し、FTPを2.83g(収率57%)得た。
上記のように合成したFTP:556.1mg(2.24mmol)、1,10-フェナントロリン(Phen):151.4mg(0.84mmol)をメタノール:25.0gに分散させた。この分散液に、水酸化ナトリウム:112.0mg(2.80mmol)をメタノール:10.0gに溶解させた溶液を加え、1時間攪拌した。
次いで、256.5mg(0.7mmol)の塩化ユーロピウム(III)6水和物をメタノール:5.0gに溶解した溶液を滴下した。室温(25℃)で2時間攪拌した後、生成した沈殿物を吸引濾過し、メタノールにて洗浄した。乾燥することでEu(FTP)3Phenを得た。
上記の蛍光物質Eu(FTP)3Phen:2.14mg(対モノマー0.05%)、ラウロイルパーオキサイド(LPO):21.4mg(対モノマー0.50%)を、モノマーであるメタクリル酸メチル(MMA):42.86gに溶解させた。このモノマー溶液を、ポリビニルアルコール:0.42g(対モノマー1.00%)を含んだ300gの水溶液に投入し、半月羽根にて350rpmで攪拌しながら、室温(25℃)にて窒素バブリングした後、窒素気流下、60℃に昇温後、4時間この温度で重合した。その後、残存するラジカル開始剤を消失させる為に、さらに、80℃に昇温し、2時間攪拌し反応を完結させた。室温(25℃)に戻し、生成した球状蛍光体を濾別し、純水で充分に洗浄し、60℃で乾燥し、球状蛍光体を得た。
<粒子径、形状自動画像解析測定装置による測定>
得られた球状蛍光体を水に懸濁させ、レーザー回折散乱法粒度分布測定装置(Beckman Coulter社製 LS13320)を用い、粒度分布を測定することで体積粒度分布曲線(体積分率)と個数粒度分布曲線(個数分率)を得た。この結果を図1に示す。また、体積粒度分布曲線において積算値が50%の時の粒子径(中位径)と、体積粒度分布の積算値が小径側から25%及び75%となる粒子径の範囲における個数分布の積算値(N)を求めた。この結果を表1に示す。
得られた球状蛍光体について、マルバーン・インスツルメンツ・リミテッド社製の粒子径、形状自動画像解析測定装置、シスメックスFPIA-3000を用い、被測定粒子数1000個において、その解析ソフト内で定義される円形度が、0.90以上であることを確認した。
<波長変換型太陽電池封止材用樹脂組成物の調製>
透明封止樹脂(分散媒樹脂)として東ソー株式会社製のEVA樹脂、NM30PWを100g、日本化成株式会社製、TAIC(トリアリルイソシアヌレート)を2g、アルケマ吉富株式会社製の過酸化物熱ラジカル開始剤、ルペロックス101を1.3g、東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社製のシランカップリング剤、SZ6030を0.5gと、前記球状蛍光体を、1g、100℃に調整したロールミキサで混練し、波長変換型太陽電池封止材用樹脂組成物を得た。
上記、波長変換型太陽電池封止材用樹脂組成物の調製において、球状蛍光体を添加しない以外は同様にして樹脂組成物を調製した。この樹脂組成物15gを離型シートに挟み、ステンレス製スペーサーを用い、熱板を90℃に調整したプレス機により、450μmの厚みの蛍光物質(球状蛍光体)を含有しない支持層を作製した。なお、膜厚は、株式会社ミツトヨ製、高精度デジマチックマイクロメータMDH-25Mを使用して、5点での測定値の平均値とした。
上記で得られた波長変換用樹脂組成物を、スペーサーの厚みを変えた以外は上記支持層の作製と同様にして、150μmの厚みの蛍光物質(球状蛍光体)を含有する発光層を得た。なお、膜厚は、前記支持層での測定と同様にして測定した平均値である。
上記支持層と発光層を離型シートに挟み、ステンレス製スペーサーを用い、熱板を90℃に調整したプレス機により、2層構造の波長変換型太陽電池封止材を得た。得られた波長変換型太陽電池封止材の厚さは600μmであった。なお、膜厚は、前記支持層での測定と同様にして測定した平均値である。
上記支持層と同様の組成であって、厚さが600μmとなるように調節した以外は同様の方法で、裏面用太陽電池封止シートを作製した。
保護ガラスとしての強化硝子(旭硝子株式会社製)の上に、支持層が強化硝子に接するようにして上記波長変換型太陽電池封止材を載せ、その上に起電力を外部に取り出せるようにした太陽電池素子を、受光面が発光層に接するように載せ、さらに裏面用太陽電池封止シート、及びバックフィルムとしてPETフィルム(東洋紡株式会社製、商品名:A-4300)を載せ、太陽電池用真空加圧ラミネータ(株式会社ネヌ・ピー・シー、LM-50x50-S)を用いて、熱板150℃、真空10分、加圧15分の条件でラミネートし、実施例1の太陽電池モジュールを作製した。
擬似太陽光線として、ソーラーシミュレータ(株式会社ワコム電創製、WXS-155S-10、AM1.5G)を用い、電流電圧特性をI-Vカーブトレーサー(英弘精機株式会社製、MP-160)を用いて、モジュール封止前の太陽電池素子の状態の短絡電流密度Jscと、モジュール封止後のJscとを、それぞれ測定し、その比(モジュール封止後のJscを封止前のJscで除した値)をとって評価した。短絡電流Jscは、JIS-C-8912に準拠して測定を行うことで得られたものである。測定結果は比較例とともに表1に示す。ただし、ここでの評価では、ソーラーシミュレータのUVフィルターは用いずに測定している。
<球状蛍光体の作製>
実施例1と同様の方法で合成した蛍光物質Eu(FTP)3Phen:0.15g(対モノマー0.05%)、ラウロイルパーオキサイド(LPO):1.53g(対モノマー0.50%)をメタクリル酸メチル(MMA):300gに溶解させた。このモノマー溶液を、ポリビニルアルコール:3g(対モノマー1.00%)を含んだ300gの水溶液に投入し、ホモジナイザーを用い、3000rpmで1分間攪拌して懸濁液を作製した。この懸濁液を、FD羽根にて300rpmで攪拌しながら、室温にて窒素バブリングした後、窒素気流下、60℃に昇温後、4時間この温度で重合した。その後、残存するラジカル開始剤を消失させる為に、さらに、80℃に昇温し、2時間攪拌し反応を完結させた。室温(25℃)に戻し、生成した球状蛍光体を濾別し、純水で充分に洗浄し、60℃で乾燥し、球状蛍光体を得た。
以下同様の手順及び方法により、体積粒度分布曲線、個数粒度分布曲線、中位径D50、積算値N、Jsc比の測定を行った。体積粒度分布曲線(体積分率)、個数粒度分布曲線(個数分率)を図2に、中位径D50、積算値N、Jsc比を表1に示す。
<球状蛍光体の作製>
蛍光物質として上記で得られたEu(FTP)3Phenを0.15g(対モノマー0.05%)、メタクリル酸メチル(MMA):300g、連鎖移動剤としてn-オクタンチオールを0.012g用い、これらを混合攪拌してモノマー混合液を用意した。また、イオン交換水を300g、界面活性剤として花王株式会社製アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、G-15を3.65g加え、ここに前述したモノマー混合液を加え、還流管、窒素流下のフラスコを用い、攪拌をしながら、60℃に保ち、ラジカル重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウムを0.03g加え、乳化重合を4時間行い、最後に90℃に昇温して、重合反応を完結させた。室温(25℃)に戻し、生成した球状蛍光体を濾別し、イソプロピルアルコールで充分に洗浄し、60℃で乾燥し、球状蛍光体を得た。
以下同様の手順及び方法により、体積粒度分布曲線、個数粒度分布曲線、中位径D50、積算値N、Jsc比の測定を行った。体積粒度分布曲線(体積分率)、個数粒度分布曲線(個数分率)を図3に、中位径D50、積算値N、Jsc比を表1に示す。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (11)
- 球状蛍光体群を含む少なくとも1つの発光層を有し、
前記球状蛍光体群が、該球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布における中位径をD50、前記発光層の総膜厚をtとした場合、中位径D50と総膜厚tとの比が0.1以上1.0以下であり、該球状蛍光体群の体積粒度分布の積算値が25%となる粒径値をD25、75%となる粒径値をD75とした場合、前記球状蛍光体群のD25~D75の範囲の個数粒度分布の積算値Nが5%以上である、波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - 前記球状蛍光体群の中位径D50が、1μm~600μmである請求項1に記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
- [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
前記発光層の総膜厚が、10μm~600μmである請求項1又は請求項2記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、蛍光物質と透明材料とを含む請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
前記透明材料が、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、及びポリ塩化ビニルからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
前記発光層以外の光透過層を更に有する請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
総膜厚が10μm~1000μmである請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、蛍光物質と透明材料とを含み、該球状蛍光体における蛍光物質の含有率が、透明材料100質量部に対して0.001質量部~30質量部である請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - 前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、有機蛍光物質、無機蛍光物質及び希土類金属錯体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の蛍光物質を含有する請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。
- [規則91に基づく訂正 13.04.2012]
前記球状蛍光体群に含まれる球状蛍光体が、蛍光物質として希土類金属錯体を含有し、該希土類金属錯体が、ユーロピウム錯体及びサマリウム錯体からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種である請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材。 - 太陽電池素子と、前記太陽電池素子の受光面上に配置された請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項記載の波長変換型太陽電池封止材と、を含む太陽電池モジュール。
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- 2011-12-19 KR KR1020137017941A patent/KR20140031178A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-12-19 CN CN201180068379.4A patent/CN103384920B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-19 JP JP2013500846A patent/JP5915642B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-19 EP EP11859281.5A patent/EP2680315A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-19 US US14/000,860 patent/US8860165B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-21 TW TW100147594A patent/TWI431789B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP2015174961A (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-10-05 | スリーボンドファインケミカル株式会社 | 光電変換素子用シール剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8860165B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
US20130328149A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
JP5915642B2 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
CN103384920A (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
EP2680315A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
KR20140031178A (ko) | 2014-03-12 |
TWI431789B (zh) | 2014-03-21 |
TW201246576A (en) | 2012-11-16 |
EP2680315A1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
JPWO2012114627A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
CN103384920B (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
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