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WO2012013844A1 - Method and system for cataloguing roads using wireless technology - Google Patents

Method and system for cataloguing roads using wireless technology Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012013844A1
WO2012013844A1 PCT/ES2011/000250 ES2011000250W WO2012013844A1 WO 2012013844 A1 WO2012013844 A1 WO 2012013844A1 ES 2011000250 W ES2011000250 W ES 2011000250W WO 2012013844 A1 WO2012013844 A1 WO 2012013844A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless
central node
data
inventoried
inventory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000250
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfonso Guerrero De Mier
Ramón GONZALES CARVAJAL
Rubén MARTIN CLEMENTE
Susana Hornillo Mellado
Fernando MUÑOZ CHAVERO
Original Assignee
Universidad De Sevilla
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Sevilla filed Critical Universidad De Sevilla
Publication of WO2012013844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012013844A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automated system and method for carrying out road inventories using wireless technology. More specifically, it is an object of the invention to inspect the signaling of a road quickly and at a low cost, including a wireless node in each road signaling element.
  • the road inventory aims to record, in a uniform and systematic way, all those elements of the road network that directly affect traffic.
  • Each and every one of the incidents that occur when traveling the road are collected, referenced to the mileage of the road: intersections with other roads, nearby buildings, vertical and horizontal signage, structures and tunnels, beacons, level crossings, sidewalks, posts kilometers, among others.
  • a van equipped with, among other elements, video cameras that film the route taken is used today.
  • a computer carries out the processing of the images of the road and its surroundings in real time, storing the results in a database.
  • the treatment is complex and not without failures, so the videos are subsequently reviewed by specialized personnel.
  • to have good recording quality it is necessary to travel the road at low speed during the day, interfering with ordinary traffic.
  • radiofrequency identification technologies have been applied in the technical sector of signaling and traffic control systems.
  • the international patent application WO9900346 entitled “Aid or risk signaling system for vehicles and pedestrians using a magnetic or magnetic signaling system. short-range infrared ”, describes a system based on the use of radio beacons installed on the roads giving advance notice to users of risk areas or locations of assistance to travelers, who must have the appropriate receivers in their vehicle.
  • the system object of the invention comprises at least a plurality of wireless nodes and a second central node characterized in that the wireless nodes adhere to the signaling of roads with wireless transmission capability.
  • these nodes consist of RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification, Radio Frequency Identification). These RFID tags are devices whose appearance can resemble a sticker, consisting of a user memory, used to store codes, transmitter-receiver media and an antenna.
  • the central node will read the plurality of wireless nodes and re-carry out the road inventory.
  • the central node comprises RFID reader means, wherein the function of said reader means is to send a signal by interrogating the plurality of wireless nodes that are in the environment and receiving the codes stored in said wireless nodes.
  • the wireless nodes will be attached, preferably during the construction of the road, to the vertical or horizontal signaling, to the kilometer posts or, even, to posts placed specifically in the proximity of the element to be inventoried.
  • alphanumeric information is encoded regarding the characteristics of the signaling element in question, in the format required by current regulations.
  • This information includes, at least, the type of signaling element and, additionally, other parameters can be encoded, for example, the exact or relative position of the element, the widths of the shoulders and roadway, the type of pavement, the thickness thereof. , the probable life of this or the width of the median.
  • other types of information can be noted, such as the number of openings, material from which they are constructed or the type of vaults.
  • the system is completed with an inventory vehicle that integrates the central node, such so that, while the vehicle travels the road, the central node periodically emits a signal that can be picked up by the nearby wireless nodes, responding to the interrogative signal with the data they store. This information is processed and stored in said central node, all in order that the inventory is carried out automatically.
  • the system object of the invention comprises: (a) a plurality of wireless nodes located, at least one, in each element to be inventoried; and (b) a central node configured to read the wireless nodes and perform the road inventory, which is characterized in that each wireless node comprises at least one wireless memory and media and where the memory is encoded alphanumeric information regarding the characteristics of the item to be inventoried; and wherein the central node comprises a wireless data reader together with a transmitting antenna and data processing means that, based on a database, are configured to generate the inventory documentation.
  • the method comprises the steps of (i) installation of the wireless nodes in the elements to be inventoried; (ii) interrogation by the central node to the wireless nodes about the data of the item to be inventoried; response of the wireless nodes to the central node by providing the data stored on said item to be inventoried; and (iv) generation of the inventory report.
  • the proposed system and procedure have significant advantages over the usual method, so that it lowers the cost and improves the overall operation of the roads. For example, the inventory could be done faster and at night, thus interfering less with traffic. In addition, lowering costs and reducing time would allow inspection of the road more frequently, improving safety.
  • the sensor information would also be read by the inventory vehicle. That the nodes communicate with each other forming a network of wireless sensors, eliminating the need to use a vehicle.
  • the central node could be fixed and collect and analyze the information of each node and detect the disappearance or wrong operation of any signaling element.
  • FIG 1. Shows a view of the system object of the invention, showing the elements that integrate it.
  • FIG 2. Shows a practical embodiment of the simplified internal architecture of the wireless nodes (fig. 2a) and the central node (fig. 2b).
  • FIG 3. Shows a second practical embodiment of the wireless nodes that integrate the system object of the invention.
  • the wireless nodes materialize as RFID type tags located in the traffic signals and items to be inventoried (1), while the RFID reader or central node (3) is located in the vehicle inventory (2).
  • the wireless nodes in their practical realization as RFID type tags, are essentially composed of a memory (4) where the necessary information and RFID transceiver means (5) that allows communication is stored .
  • the central node (3) in this practical embodiment, comprises RFID reading means (6) configured to perform the communication and interpretation of the protocol, as well as a micro-processor system (7) which, based on a database ( 8), generate the necessary inventory documents (9).
  • FIG 3 shows a particular embodiment of the invention where the wireless means incorporate at least one sensor (10) and means configured to create a proprietary data network, including a data receiving element (11) and processing means of such data.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention would use RFID technology to build the wireless nodes, thus achieving a cheap system that minimizes maintenance.
  • RFID systems mainly based on the frequency used and the type of tag.
  • RFID tags can be classified as active, semi-active and passive.
  • Passive tags are those that feed on the electromagnetic wave that arrives from the reader device itself or central node 3 so it does not need batteries. This wave is reflected in the RFID tag (in the wireless node), together with the information to be transmitted, in a process known as "backscattering".
  • active and semi-active labels incorporate their own power supply.
  • the labels will be placed mostly on metal surfaces and, therefore, printed or similar antennas should be used.
  • the preferred frequency RFID band is 865-868 MHz because: (i) the coupling between the reader or central node (3) and the tag or wireless node is far-field, the communication range being limited by maximum power transmitted; and (ii) the maximum radiated signal power at these frequencies is 2 W (p.r.a), greater than in any other available frequency band.
  • the band used allows ranges of several meters (five meters is a typical value). The exact distance depends on parameters such as: the gain of the antennas, the transmitted power, the sensitivity of the receivers, the characteristics of the ground, among others.
  • the frequency band of 2446-2454 MHz Although shorter ranges are achieved in this band, around one meter, the size of the corresponding antennas is very small and Therefore, the ease of camouflaging them is greater.
  • Figure 1 shows the particular embodiment of the invention using RFID technology.
  • each element of the road signage will add a passive RFID tag (1).
  • said label for its operation, does not need the existence of a battery and, therefore, will not require maintenance.
  • the information that will be read by the inspection vehicle (2) as it passes through the vicinity of said signal will be stored.
  • the RFID tag reading will materialize using an antenna and an RFID reader or central node (3) installed in the inspection vehicle (2).
  • the inspection vehicle (2) must circulate at an adequate distance and speed with respect to the RFID tag to be monitored.
  • FIG. 2 shows the basic architecture of a possible wireless node (RFID tag) and the central node (3), that is, the RFID reader located in the inspection vehicle itself (2).
  • RFID tags are essentially composed of a memory (4) and an RFID transceiver (5), where:
  • memory 4 is configured to store the information necessary to perform the inspection; and where this information includes at least the identification of the type of element, and other useful data can also be encoded such as the position, characteristics of the road, expected life of the element, nearby elements and their location, among others;
  • RFID transceiver 5 is configured for communication with central node 3; preferably, for reasons of cost and maintenance, passive RFID tags may be used, where said tags obtain the power of the electromagnetic wave itself sent by the central node 3, not requiring battery for operation;
  • the reader or central node 3 will consist essentially of: (a) an RFID reader 6 together with its transmitting antenna, which will be installed in the inspection vehicle 2 and that is configured to establish communication with the different nodes wireless (RFID tags) within your reach; and (b) data processing means 7 that, based on a database 8, are configured to generate the necessary inventory documents 9.
  • This embodiment corresponds to an implementation using RFID technology.
  • the implementation of a wireless sensor network is possible, where the nodes also have active transmission capacity.
  • low-consumption wireless media with reduced data rate 11 such as IEEE 802.15.4 would be implemented.
  • Figure 3 A diagram illustrating this idea is shown in Figure 3. It is possible to observe that the node located in the item to be inventoried comprises, at least, a plurality of sensors 10 configured to perform measurements of magnitudes important for the inspection or safety of the road; and processing means 12 configured to process the sensor data, make decisions about them and establish their own network.
  • a great advantage of this possible embodiment of the invention is the elimination of the need for a mobile vehicle for inspection. It is possible to establish a central node that collects all the information on the road by collecting the information from the wireless sensor network.

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Abstract

System and method for cataloguing roads using wireless technology, comprising: (a) a plurality of wireless nodes, at least one of which is located at each element to be catalogued (1); and (b) a central node (3) configured to read the wireless nodes and to catalogue the road, characterized in that each wireless node comprises at least one memory (4) and wireless communication means (5, 11) and in which the memory (4) encodes alphanumeric data relating to the features of the element to be catalogued (1); and in which the central node (3) comprises a wireless-data reader (6) with a transmission antenna and data processing means (7) that are configured using a database (8) to generate the catalog documentation (9).

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO Y SISTEMA PARA EL INVENTARIADO DE CARRETERAS UTILIZANDO TECNOLOGÍA INALÁMBRICA  PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR ROAD INVENTORY USING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
La presente invención está referida a un sistema y método automatizado para la realización del inventariado de carreteras utilizando tecnología inalámbrica. Más concretamente, es un objeto de la invención la inspección de la señalización de una carretera de forma rápida y con bajo coste, incluyendo un nodo inalámbrico en cada elemento de señalización de la carretera. The present invention relates to an automated system and method for carrying out road inventories using wireless technology. More specifically, it is an object of the invention to inspect the signaling of a road quickly and at a low cost, including a wireless node in each road signaling element.
Para aumentar el máximo la seguridad vial no sólo necesita una adecuada construcción de las carreteras, sino también el mantenimiento de las ya construidas. En este campo se engloba la presente invención, concretamente, en la inspección de la señalización. To maximize road safety, you not only need proper road construction, but also the maintenance of those already built. This field encompasses the present invention, specifically, in signaling inspection.
Estado de la técnica anterior Prior art
Para la conservación y explotación de las redes de carreteras se necesita información precisa y actualizada sobre la localización, condiciones y características de la infraestructura existente. El inventario de carreteras tiene por objeto registrar, de manera uniforme y sistemática, todos aquellos elementos de la red viaria que afectan directamente al tráfico. Se recogen todas y cada una de las incidencias que se presentan al recorrer la carretera, referenciadas al kilometraje de la carretera: intersecciones con otras carreteras, edificaciones próximas, señalización vertical y horizontal, estructuras y túneles, balizamientos, pasos a nivel, badenes, postes kilométricos, entre otros. Accurate and up-to-date information on the location, conditions and characteristics of the existing infrastructure is required for the conservation and exploitation of road networks. The road inventory aims to record, in a uniform and systematic way, all those elements of the road network that directly affect traffic. Each and every one of the incidents that occur when traveling the road are collected, referenced to the mileage of the road: intersections with other roads, nearby buildings, vertical and horizontal signage, structures and tunnels, beacons, level crossings, sidewalks, posts kilometers, among others.
Para realizar el inventario se utiliza a día de hoy una furgoneta equipada con, entre otros elementos, cámaras de vídeo que filman el recorrido realizado. Un ordenador lleva a cabo el procesado de las imágenes de la carretera y su entorno en tiempo real, almacenando los resultados en una base de datos. El tratamiento es complejo y no está exento de fallos, así que, con posterioridad, los vídeos son revisados por personal especializado. Además, para disponer de buena calidad de grabación es necesario recorrer la carretera a baja velocidad durante el día, interfiriendo en el tráfico ordinario. To carry out the inventory, a van equipped with, among other elements, video cameras that film the route taken is used today. A computer carries out the processing of the images of the road and its surroundings in real time, storing the results in a database. The treatment is complex and not without failures, so the videos are subsequently reviewed by specialized personnel. In addition, to have good recording quality, it is necessary to travel the road at low speed during the day, interfering with ordinary traffic.
Por otra parte, las tecnologías de identificación por radiofrecuencia han sido aplicadas en el sector técnico de la señalización y los sistemas de control de tráfico. En particular, la solicitud internacional de patente WO9900346, titulada «Sistema de señalización de ayudas o de riesgos para vehículos y peatones que usa un sistema de señalización magnética o de infrarrojos de corto intervalo», describe un sistema basado en el uso de radiobalizas instaladas en las carreteras dando aviso por adelantado a los usuarios de áreas de riesgo o localizaciones de asistencia al viajero, que debe contar con los receptores apropiados en su vehículo. On the other hand, radiofrequency identification technologies have been applied in the technical sector of signaling and traffic control systems. In particular, the international patent application WO9900346, entitled "Aid or risk signaling system for vehicles and pedestrians using a magnetic or magnetic signaling system. short-range infrared ”, describes a system based on the use of radio beacons installed on the roads giving advance notice to users of risk areas or locations of assistance to travelers, who must have the appropriate receivers in their vehicle.
En esta invención se propone utilizar tecnologías inalámbricas, preferentemente identificación por radiofrecuencia, para automatizar el proceso de inspección e inventariado de las carreteras. In this invention it is proposed to use wireless technologies, preferably radiofrequency identification, to automate the process of inspection and inventory of roads.
Explicación de la invención Explanation of the invention.
Para solucionar los problemas técnicos indicados, el sistema objeto de la invención comprende, al menos, una pluralidad de nodos inalámbricos y un segundo nodo central que se caracterizan porque los nodos inalámbricos se adhieren a las señalizaciones de las carreteras con capacidad de transmisión inalámbrica. En una realización particular estos nodos consisten en etiquetas RFID (Radio Freq ency Identification, identificación por radio frecuencia). Estas etiquetas RFID son dispositivos cuyo aspecto puede recordar a una pegatina, que consta de una memoria de usuario, empleada para almacenar códigos, medios transmisores - receptores y una antena. To solve the indicated technical problems, the system object of the invention comprises at least a plurality of wireless nodes and a second central node characterized in that the wireless nodes adhere to the signaling of roads with wireless transmission capability. In a particular embodiment these nodes consist of RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification, Radio Frequency Identification). These RFID tags are devices whose appearance can resemble a sticker, consisting of a user memory, used to store codes, transmitter-receiver media and an antenna.
Por otro lado, el nodo central realizará la lectura de la pluralidad de nodos inalámbricos y re realizará el inventariado de la carretera. En una realización particular el nodo central comprende medios lectores de RFID, en donde la función de dichos medios lectores es el envío de una señal interrogando a la pluralidad de nodos inalámbricos que se encuentren en el entorno y recibiendo los códigos almacenados en dichos nodos inalámbricos. On the other hand, the central node will read the plurality of wireless nodes and re-carry out the road inventory. In a particular embodiment, the central node comprises RFID reader means, wherein the function of said reader means is to send a signal by interrogating the plurality of wireless nodes that are in the environment and receiving the codes stored in said wireless nodes.
Los nodos inalámbricos quedarán adheridos, preferentemente durante la construcción de la carretera, a la señalización vertical u horizontal, a los postes kilométricos o, incluso, a postes colocados ex profeso en la proximidad del elemento que se desea inventariar. En cada nodo se codifica información alfanumérica referente a las características del elemento señalizador en cuestión, en el formato exigido por la normativa vigente. Esta información comprende, al menos, el tipo de elemento señalizador y, adicionalmente, pueden codificarse otros parámetros como, por ejemplo, la posición exacta o relativa del elemento, las anchuras de los arcenes y calzada, el tipo de pavimento, el espesor del mismo, la vida probable de éste o el ancho de la mediana. En el caso de estructuras se puede anotar otro tipo de información como, por ejemplo, el número de vanos, material del que están construidas o el tipo de bóvedas. The wireless nodes will be attached, preferably during the construction of the road, to the vertical or horizontal signaling, to the kilometer posts or, even, to posts placed specifically in the proximity of the element to be inventoried. In each node alphanumeric information is encoded regarding the characteristics of the signaling element in question, in the format required by current regulations. This information includes, at least, the type of signaling element and, additionally, other parameters can be encoded, for example, the exact or relative position of the element, the widths of the shoulders and roadway, the type of pavement, the thickness thereof. , the probable life of this or the width of the median. In the case of structures, other types of information can be noted, such as the number of openings, material from which they are constructed or the type of vaults.
El sistema se completa con un vehículo de inventariado que integra el nodo central, de tal forma que, mientras que el vehículo recorre la carretera, el nodo central emite periódicamente una señal captable por los nodos inalámbricos próximos, respondiendo a la señal interrogativa con los datos que almacenan. Esta información es procesada y almacenada en dicho nodo central, todo ello con objeto de que el inventariado se realice de forma automática. The system is completed with an inventory vehicle that integrates the central node, such so that, while the vehicle travels the road, the central node periodically emits a signal that can be picked up by the nearby wireless nodes, responding to the interrogative signal with the data they store. This information is processed and stored in said central node, all in order that the inventory is carried out automatically.
Más concretamente, el sistema objeto de la invención comprende: (a) una pluralidad de nodos inalámbricos situados, al menos uno, en cada elemento a inventariar; y (b) un nodo central configurado para la lectura de los nodos inalámbricos y realizar el inventariado de la carretera, que se caracteriza porque cada nodo inalámbrico comprende, al menos, una memoria y medios de comunicación inalámbrica y en donde en la memoria se codifica información alfanumérica referente a las características del elemento a inventariar; y en donde el nodo central comprende un lector de datos inalámbricos junto con una antena transmisora y unos medios de procesado de datos que basándose en una base de datos, están configurados para generar la documentación de inventariado. More specifically, the system object of the invention comprises: (a) a plurality of wireless nodes located, at least one, in each element to be inventoried; and (b) a central node configured to read the wireless nodes and perform the road inventory, which is characterized in that each wireless node comprises at least one wireless memory and media and where the memory is encoded alphanumeric information regarding the characteristics of the item to be inventoried; and wherein the central node comprises a wireless data reader together with a transmitting antenna and data processing means that, based on a database, are configured to generate the inventory documentation.
En un segundo aspecto de la invención, el procedimiento comprende las etapas de (i) instalación de los nodos inalámbricos en los elementos a inventariar; (ii) interrogación por parte del nodo central a los nodos inalámbricos sobre los datos del elemento a inventariar; respuesta de los nodos inalámbricos al nodo central aportando los datos almacenados sobre dicho elemento a inventariar; y (iv) generación del informe de inventariado. In a second aspect of the invention, the method comprises the steps of (i) installation of the wireless nodes in the elements to be inventoried; (ii) interrogation by the central node to the wireless nodes about the data of the item to be inventoried; response of the wireless nodes to the central node by providing the data stored on said item to be inventoried; and (iv) generation of the inventory report.
El sistema y procedimiento propuesto tienes significativas ventajas respecto al método habitual, de tal forma que abarata el coste y mejora el funcionamiento general de las carreteras. Por ejemplo, el inventario se podría hacer a mayor velocidad y en horario nocturno, interfiriendo así menos en el tráfico. Además, el abaratamiento de costes y la reducción del tiempo permitirían inspeccionar la carretera con mayor frecuencia mejorando la seguridad. The proposed system and procedure have significant advantages over the usual method, so that it lowers the cost and improves the overall operation of the roads. For example, the inventory could be done faster and at night, thus interfering less with traffic. In addition, lowering costs and reducing time would allow inspection of the road more frequently, improving safety.
Aparte de la implementación preferente utilizando tecnología RFDD pasiva, es posible utilizar otras tecnologías más adaptadas a la creación de redes de sensores (como Bluetooth ® o IEEE 802.15.4) o etiquetas RFID activas. La utilización de estas tecnologías permitirá dar aún más versatilidad al sistema con la inclusión de sensores o la formación de una red. De esta forma sería posible: Apart from the preferred implementation using passive RFDD technology, it is possible to use other technologies more adapted to the creation of sensor networks (such as Bluetooth ® or IEEE 802.15.4) or active RFID tags. The use of these technologies will make the system even more versatile with the inclusion of sensors or the formation of a network. In this way it would be possible:
Determinar si la señal pierde efectividad, mediante sensores de posición, luminosidad, etc. La información del sensor sería leída también por el vehículo de inventariado. Que los nodos se comuniquen entre sí formando una red de sensores inalámbricos, eliminando la necesidad de utilizar un vehículo. El nodo central podría ser fijo y recoger y analizar la información de cada nodo y detectar la desaparición o mal funcionamiento de cualquier elemento de señalización. Determine if the signal loses effectiveness, using position sensors, brightness, etc. The sensor information would also be read by the inventory vehicle. That the nodes communicate with each other forming a network of wireless sensors, eliminating the need to use a vehicle. The central node could be fixed and collect and analyze the information of each node and detect the disappearance or wrong operation of any signaling element.
A lo largo de la descripción y las reivindicaciones la palabra "comprende" y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención se desprenderán en parte de la descripción y en parte de la práctica de la invención. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos se proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. Además, la presente invención cubre todas las posibles combinaciones de realizaciones particulares y preferidas aquí indicadas. Throughout the description and claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
Breve descripción de las figuras Brief description of the figures
FIG 1. Muestra una vista del sistema objeto de la invención, mostrando los elementos que lo integran. FIG 1. Shows a view of the system object of the invention, showing the elements that integrate it.
FIG 2. Muestra una realización práctica de la arquitectura interna simplificada de los nodos inalámbricos (fig. 2a) y del nodo central (fíg. 2b).  FIG 2. Shows a practical embodiment of the simplified internal architecture of the wireless nodes (fig. 2a) and the central node (fig. 2b).
FIG 3. Muestra una segunda realización práctica de los nodos inalámbricos que integran el sistema objeto de la invención. FIG 3. Shows a second practical embodiment of the wireless nodes that integrate the system object of the invention.
Exposición detallada de un modo de realización de la invención Detailed statement of an embodiment of the invention
Tal y como puede observarse en la figura 1, los nodos inalámbricos se materializan como etiquetas tipo RFID situadas en las señales de tráfico y elementos a inventariar (1), mientras que el lector RFID o nodo central (3) se encuentra situado en el vehículo de inventariado (2). As can be seen in Figure 1, the wireless nodes materialize as RFID type tags located in the traffic signals and items to be inventoried (1), while the RFID reader or central node (3) is located in the vehicle inventory (2).
Por otro lado, los nodos inalámbricos (ver figura 2), en su realización práctica como etiquetas tipo RFID, están compuestos esencialmente por una memoria (4) en donde se almacena la información necesaria y medios transceptores de RFID (5) que permite la comunicación. El nodo central (3), en esta realización práctica, comprende medios de lectura de RFID (6) configurado para realizar la comunicación e interpretación del protocolo, así como un sistema micro-procesador (7) que, basándose en una base de datos (8), genere los documentos de inventariado (9) necesarios. On the other hand, the wireless nodes (see figure 2), in their practical realization as RFID type tags, are essentially composed of a memory (4) where the necessary information and RFID transceiver means (5) that allows communication is stored . The central node (3), in this practical embodiment, comprises RFID reading means (6) configured to perform the communication and interpretation of the protocol, as well as a micro-processor system (7) which, based on a database ( 8), generate the necessary inventory documents (9).
La figura 3 muestra una realización particular de la invención donde los medios inalámbricos incorporan, al menos, un sensor (10) y medios configurados para crear una red propia de datos, incluyendo un elemento de recepción de datos (11) y medios de procesado de dichos datos. Así pues, la realización preferida de la invención utilizaría tecnología RFID para construir los nodos inalámbricos, consiguiéndose así un sistema barato que minimiza el mantenimiento. Hay numerosos tipos de sistemas RFID, atendiendo principalmente a la frecuencia utilizada y al tipo de etiqueta. Se pueden clasificar las etiquetas RFID en activas, semi-activas y pasivas. Figure 3 shows a particular embodiment of the invention where the wireless means incorporate at least one sensor (10) and means configured to create a proprietary data network, including a data receiving element (11) and processing means of such data. Thus, the preferred embodiment of the invention would use RFID technology to build the wireless nodes, thus achieving a cheap system that minimizes maintenance. There are numerous types of RFID systems, mainly based on the frequency used and the type of tag. RFID tags can be classified as active, semi-active and passive.
Las etiquetas pasivas son aquellas que se alimentan de la onda electromagnética que le llega desde el propio dispositivo lector o nodo central 3 por lo que no necesita pilas o baterías. Esta onda es reflejada en la etiqueta RFID (en el nodo inalámbrico), junto con la información a transmitir, en un proceso que se conoce como "backscattering" . Por otro lado, las etiquetas activas y semi-activas incorporan su propia fuente de alimentación. Passive tags are those that feed on the electromagnetic wave that arrives from the reader device itself or central node 3 so it does not need batteries. This wave is reflected in the RFID tag (in the wireless node), together with the information to be transmitted, in a process known as "backscattering". On the other hand, active and semi-active labels incorporate their own power supply.
El precio de las etiquetas pasivas, así como su coste de mantenimiento, es sensiblemente menor que el de las activas o semi-activas. Por lo tanto, el sistema de inventario se basa fundamentalmente en este tipo de etiquetas. No obstante, se considera la posibilidad de emplear etiquetas activas en aquellas señales (1) más importantes o más alejadas de la carretera. The price of passive labels, as well as their maintenance cost, is significantly lower than that of active or semi-active ones. Therefore, the inventory system is fundamentally based on these types of labels. However, the possibility of using active labels in those signals (1) more important or farther from the road is considered.
Las etiquetas serán colocadas mayoritariamente sobre superficies metálicas y, por tanto, deben emplearse antenas impresas o similares. La banda RFID de frecuencias preferida es a 865-868 MHz porque: (i) el acoplamiento entre el lector o nodo central (3) y la etiqueta o nodo inalámbrico es de campo lejano, estando el alcance de la comunicación limitado por la máxima potencia transmitida; y (ii) el máximo de potencia de señal radiada a estas frecuencias es 2 W (p.r.a), mayor que en cualquier otra banda de frecuencias disponibles. The labels will be placed mostly on metal surfaces and, therefore, printed or similar antennas should be used. The preferred frequency RFID band is 865-868 MHz because: (i) the coupling between the reader or central node (3) and the tag or wireless node is far-field, the communication range being limited by maximum power transmitted; and (ii) the maximum radiated signal power at these frequencies is 2 W (p.r.a), greater than in any other available frequency band.
La banda utilizada posibilita alcances de varios metros (cinco metros es un valor típico). La distancia exacta depende de parámetros tales como: la ganancia de las antenas, la potencia transmitida, la sensibilidad de los receptores, las características del suelo, entre otros. The band used allows ranges of several meters (five meters is a typical value). The exact distance depends on parameters such as: the gain of the antennas, the transmitted power, the sensitivity of the receivers, the characteristics of the ground, among others.
Se considera también la posibilidad de utilizar también, en situaciones especiales, la banda de frecuencias de 2446 - 2454 MHz. Si bien se consiguen alcances más cortos en esta banda, de alrededor de un metro, el tamaño de las correspondientes antenas es muy pequeño y, por tanto, la facilidad para camuflarlas es mayor. It is also considered the possibility of using, in special situations, the frequency band of 2446-2454 MHz. Although shorter ranges are achieved in this band, around one meter, the size of the corresponding antennas is very small and Therefore, the ease of camouflaging them is greater.
En la figura 1 se muestra la realización particular de la invención empleando tecnología RFID. En esta figura se puede observar como cada elemento de la señalización de carretera se añadirá una etiqueta RFID pasiva (1). Como ha sido comentado con anterioridad, dicha etiqueta, para su funcionamiento, no necesita de la existencia de una batería y, por tanto, no requerirá mantenimiento. En la memoria de dicha etiqueta se almacenará la información que será leída por el vehículo de inspección (2) a su paso por las inmediaciones de la citada señal. Figure 1 shows the particular embodiment of the invention using RFID technology. In this figure it can be seen how each element of the road signage will add a passive RFID tag (1). As previously mentioned, said label, for its operation, does not need the existence of a battery and, therefore, will not require maintenance. In the memory of said label, the information that will be read by the inspection vehicle (2) as it passes through the vicinity of said signal will be stored.
La lectura de la etiqueta RFID se materializará empleando una antena y un lector RFID o nodo central (3) instalado en el vehículo de inspección (2). Para ello, el vehículo de inspección (2) deberá circular a una distancia y velocidad adecuadas respecto de la etiqueta RFID a monitorizar. The RFID tag reading will materialize using an antenna and an RFID reader or central node (3) installed in the inspection vehicle (2). For this, the inspection vehicle (2) must circulate at an adequate distance and speed with respect to the RFID tag to be monitored.
En la figura 2 se muestra la arquitectura básica de un posible nodo inalámbrico (etiqueta RFID) y del nodo central (3), es decir, del lector RFID situado en el propio vehículo de inspección (2). Las etiquetas RFID están compuestas esencialmente por una memoria (4) y un transceptor RFID (5), en donde: Figure 2 shows the basic architecture of a possible wireless node (RFID tag) and the central node (3), that is, the RFID reader located in the inspection vehicle itself (2). RFID tags are essentially composed of a memory (4) and an RFID transceiver (5), where:
(a) la memoria 4 está configurada para almacenar la información necesaria para realizar la inspección; y en donde esta información comprende al menos la identificación del tipo de elemento, pudiéndose además codificar otros datos útiles como la posición, características de la carretera, vida esperada del elemento, elementos cercanos y localización de los mismos, entre otros; y  (a) memory 4 is configured to store the information necessary to perform the inspection; and where this information includes at least the identification of the type of element, and other useful data can also be encoded such as the position, characteristics of the road, expected life of the element, nearby elements and their location, among others; Y
(b) el transceptor RFID 5 está configurado para la comunicación con el nodo central 3; preferentemente, por motivos de coste y mantenimiento, se podrán utilizar etiquetas RFID pasivas, en donde dichas etiquetas obtienen la alimentación de la propia onda electromagnética que le envía el nodo central 3, no necesitando batería para su funcionamiento;  (b) RFID transceiver 5 is configured for communication with central node 3; preferably, for reasons of cost and maintenance, passive RFID tags may be used, where said tags obtain the power of the electromagnetic wave itself sent by the central node 3, not requiring battery for operation;
Por otro lado, el lector o nodo central 3 estará compuesto esencialmente por: (a) un lector RFID 6 junto con su antena transmisora, el cual estará instalado en el vehículo de inspección 2 y que está configurado para establecer la comunicación con los diferentes nodos inalámbricos (etiquetas RFID) que estén a su alcance; y (b) unos medios de procesado de datos 7 que, basándose en una base de datos 8, están configurados para generar los documentos de inventariado necesarios 9. On the other hand, the reader or central node 3 will consist essentially of: (a) an RFID reader 6 together with its transmitting antenna, which will be installed in the inspection vehicle 2 and that is configured to establish communication with the different nodes wireless (RFID tags) within your reach; and (b) data processing means 7 that, based on a database 8, are configured to generate the necessary inventory documents 9.
Esta realización se corresponde con una implementación empleando tecnología RFID. Sin embargo, es posible utilizar otra tecnología inalámbrica par realizar el inventariado de la carretera. Así pues, es posible la implementación de una red de sensores inalámbricos, en donde los nodos tengan igualmente capacidad activa de transmisión. Para ello se implementarían medios inalámbricos de bajo consumo y tasa de datos reducida 11 como IEEE 802.15.4. En la figura 3 se muestra un esquema que ilustra esta idea. Es posible observar que el nodo situado en el elemento a inventariar comprende, al menos, una pluralidad de sensores 10 configurados para realizar medidas de magnitudes importantes para la inspección o la seguridad de la carretera; y medios de procesado 12 configurados para procesar los datos de los sensores, tomar decisiones sobre los mismos y establecer la red propia. This embodiment corresponds to an implementation using RFID technology. However, it is possible to use other wireless technology to perform the road inventory. Thus, the implementation of a wireless sensor network is possible, where the nodes also have active transmission capacity. For this, low-consumption wireless media with reduced data rate 11 such as IEEE 802.15.4 would be implemented. A diagram illustrating this idea is shown in Figure 3. It is possible to observe that the node located in the item to be inventoried comprises, at least, a plurality of sensors 10 configured to perform measurements of magnitudes important for the inspection or safety of the road; and processing means 12 configured to process the sensor data, make decisions about them and establish their own network.
Una gran ventaja de esta posible realización de la invención es la eliminación de la necesidad de un vehículo móvil para la inspección. Es posible establecer un nodo central que recoja toda la información de la carretera recogiendo la información de la red de sensores inalámbrica. A great advantage of this possible embodiment of the invention is the elimination of the need for a mobile vehicle for inspection. It is possible to establish a central node that collects all the information on the road by collecting the information from the wireless sensor network.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Sistema para el inventariado de carreteras utilizando tecnología inalámbrica, que comprende: (a) una pluralidad de nodos inalámbricos situados, al menos uno, en cada elemento a inventariar (1); y (b) un nodo central (3) configurado para la lectura de los nodos inalámbricos y realizar el inventariado de la carretera, 1. - System for the inventory of roads using wireless technology, comprising: (a) a plurality of wireless nodes located, at least one, in each item to be inventoried (1); and (b) a central node (3) configured to read the wireless nodes and perform the road inventory,
que se caracteriza porque  that is characterized because
cada nodo inalámbrico comprende, al menos, una memoria (4) y medios de comunicación inalámbrica (5,11) y en donde en la memoria (4) se codifica información alfanumérica referente a las características del elemento a inventariar (1);  each wireless node comprises at least one memory (4) and wireless communication means (5.11) and where in the memory (4) alphanumeric information is encoded regarding the characteristics of the item to be inventoried (1);
y en donde el nodo central (3) comprende un lector de datos inalámbricos (6) junto con una antena transmisora y unos medios de procesado de datos (7) que basándose en una base de datos (8), están configurados para generar la documentación de inventariado (9).  and wherein the central node (3) comprises a wireless data reader (6) together with a transmitting antenna and data processing means (7) that based on a database (8), are configured to generate the documentation inventory (9).
2. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque los medios de comunicación inalámbrica (5,11) son unos seleccionados entre: (i) un transceptor RFID (5); y (ii) un transceptor inalámbrico de bajo consumo (11). 2. - System according to claim 1 characterized in that the wireless communication means (5,11) are selected from: (i) an RFID transceiver (5); and (ii) a low consumption wireless transceiver (11).
3. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque el lector de medios inalámbricos (6) del nodo central (3) es uno seleccionado entre: (i) un lector RFID (6); y (ii) un lector de datos inalámbricos en red. 3. - System according to claim 1 characterized in that the wireless media reader (6) of the central node (3) is one selected from: (i) an RFID reader (6); and (ii) a wireless network data reader.
4. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque los nodos inalámbricos comprenden al menos un sensor (10) y medios de procesamiento de datos (12). 4. - System according to claim 1 characterized in that the wireless nodes comprise at least one sensor (10) and data processing means (12).
5. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4 que se caracteriza porque los nodos inalámbricos se configuran en red de comunicaciones enviando datos al nodo central (3). 5. - System according to claim 4 characterized in that the wireless nodes are configured in a communications network by sending data to the central node (3).
6. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque el nodo central está integrado en el vehículo de inspección (2). 6. - System according to claim 1 characterized in that the central node is integrated in the inspection vehicle (2).
7. - Método para el inventariado de carreteras utilizando tecnología inalámbrica, implementado en el sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6 que se caracteriza porque comprende las etapas de: 7. - Method for the inventory of roads using wireless technology, implemented in the system of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(i) instalación de los nodos inalámbricos en los elementos a inventariar (1); (ii) interrogación por parte del nodo central (3) a los nodos inalámbricos sobre los datos del elemento a inventariar (1); respuesta de los nodos inalámbricos al nodo central (3) aportando los datos almacenados sobre dicho elemento a inventariar (1); y (iv) generación del informe de inventariado. (i) installation of wireless nodes in the items to be inventoried (1); (ii) interrogation by the central node (3) to the wireless nodes about the data of the item to be inventoried (1); response of the wireless nodes to the central node (3) providing the data stored on said item to be inventoried (1); and (iv) generation of the inventory report.
8. - Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 7 que se caracteriza porque el nodo central (3) está instalado en un vehículo de inspección (2) que recorre los distintos elementos a inventariar (1) interrogándolos. 8. - Method according to claim 7 characterized in that the central node (3) is installed in an inspection vehicle (2) that runs through the different elements to be inventoried (1) by interrogating them.
9. - Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 7 que se caracteriza porque comprende una etapa adicional de recogida de datos por sensores (10), almacenando información sobre el estado de la carretera y las condiciones ambientales. 9. - Method according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises an additional stage of data collection by sensors (10), storing information on the state of the road and environmental conditions.
10. - Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 7 que se caracteriza porque conformado los nodos inalámbricos en red, actúan como repetidores de señal para que los datos transmitidos por cualquiera de ellos puedan cubrir grandes distancias utilizando la red como soporte. 10. - Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the networked wireless nodes, act as signal repeaters so that the data transmitted by any of them can cover large distances using the network as support.
PCT/ES2011/000250 2010-07-30 2011-07-29 Method and system for cataloguing roads using wireless technology WO2012013844A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

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JPH0776809A (en) * 1993-09-07 1995-03-20 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Monitoring system for road equipment and device
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US20090037244A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Greta Pemberton Inventory management system
JP2010117837A (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-27 Nexco-East Engineering Co Ltd Method and system for supporting maintenance and management of road facility

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0776809A (en) * 1993-09-07 1995-03-20 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Monitoring system for road equipment and device
US6112152A (en) * 1996-12-06 2000-08-29 Micron Technology, Inc. RFID system in communication with vehicle on-board computer
US20090037244A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Greta Pemberton Inventory management system
JP2010117837A (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-27 Nexco-East Engineering Co Ltd Method and system for supporting maintenance and management of road facility

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