WO2012067179A1 - 材料試験機 - Google Patents
材料試験機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012067179A1 WO2012067179A1 PCT/JP2011/076496 JP2011076496W WO2012067179A1 WO 2012067179 A1 WO2012067179 A1 WO 2012067179A1 JP 2011076496 W JP2011076496 W JP 2011076496W WO 2012067179 A1 WO2012067179 A1 WO 2012067179A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- test piece
- movable
- displacement
- testing machine
- material testing
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0274—Tubular or ring-shaped specimens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material testing machine that applies a tensile stress or a compressive stress to a test piece to test the mechanical properties of the material.
- the present invention relates to a biaxial stress test by applying an axial force while applying an internal pressure to a cylindrical test piece. It relates to a pipe bulge testing machine.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an axial force-internal pressure type tube bulge tester (hereinafter referred to as “circular tube bulge tester”) which performs a hydraulic bulge test by applying an axial force to a tubular test piece while applying an internal pressure. ) Is disclosed.
- circular tube bulge tester the central portion in the tube axis direction of the test piece expands (expands in the circumferential direction and the tube axis direction) to form a bell-shaped bulge top portion in the longitudinal section.
- the stress in the two directions of the circumferential direction and the pipe axis direction is determined.
- the test piece is not completely axisymmetric with respect to the tube axis, and the outer diameter and thickness vary depending on the direction (direction around the tube axis). For this reason, the amount of deformation at the top of the bulge is also asymmetric with respect to the tube axis. Conventionally, since the outer diameter of the test piece was measured only in one direction, the measurement value of the outer diameter varied and the measurement accuracy of the strain of the test piece was low.
- the present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and a material testing machine capable of high-precision axial force-internal pressure type pipe bulge testing without using a strain gauge to measure the deformation behavior of a test piece.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a material testing machine that applies an internal pressure and stress in the tube axis direction to a circular tubular test piece to measure strain of the test piece.
- a material testing machine includes a plurality of radial displacement detectors for detecting a radial displacement of an outer peripheral surface in an effective length central portion of a test piece in a tube axis direction, and an effective length central portion of the test piece
- An axial displacement detector that detects the displacement of the outer circumferential surface in the tube axis direction, and the circumferential direction and the tube at the center of the effective length of the test piece based on the detection results of the radial displacement detector and the axial displacement detector
- a plurality of radial displacement detectors configured to detect displacements in different directions around the tube axis of the test piece.
- the plurality of radial displacement detectors may include first, second, and third radial displacement detectors arranged at intervals of 120 ° around the tube axis of the test piece.
- each of the plurality of radial displacement detectors includes a first displacement meter that detects a radial displacement of the outer peripheral surface at the center portion of the effective length of the test piece
- at least one of the plurality of radial displacement detectors includes: A second displacement meter that is arranged side by side in the tube axis direction with respect to the first displacement meter and detects a displacement in the radial direction of the outer peripheral surface of the test piece; Based on the detection result of the 1st and 2nd displacement meter, you may be comprised so that the pipe-axis direction curvature radius of the outer peripheral surface in the effective length center part of a test piece may be calculated.
- the first, second, and third displacement gauges have a needle that is provided so that the tip thereof is perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface of the test piece and is movable in the length direction according to the radial displacement of the outer peripheral surface of the test piece. And detecting the displacement of the needle to detect the radial displacement of the outer peripheral surface of the test piece.
- the displacement meter has a fixed frame, a movable frame that is slidable in the radial direction of the test piece with respect to the fixed frame, and a contact that protrudes in a radial direction of the test piece from the barrel and one end of the barrel.
- a contact-type displacement sensor having a body and a body portion attached to a movable frame, the tip of the contact is in contact with a contact abutment plate provided on the fixed frame, and the needle has a length It is good also as a structure attached to the movable frame so that a direction may turn to the radial direction of a test piece and it may protrude from the end facing the test piece of a movable frame.
- the placement of the needle can be freely set without being restricted by the size and shape of a commercially available contact displacement sensor, and a material testing machine excellent in assemblability and usability can be realized.
- a material testing machine that applies a stress in a predetermined direction to a test piece and measures the response of the test piece.
- a material testing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention is fixed to a frame, a first movable part that is provided so as to be movable in a predetermined direction with respect to the frame, and includes a movable chuck that fixes one end of a test piece.
- the fixed part having a fixed chuck for fixing the other end of the test piece is provided between the first movable part and the fixed part so as to be movable in a predetermined direction with respect to the frame, and stress is applied to the test piece.
- a second movable part having a central measuring instrument for measuring a response at a central part in a predetermined direction of the test piece, an actuator fixed to the frame and driving the first movable part in a predetermined direction, a frame,
- the movable part and the second movable part are connected, and a link mechanism is provided that moves the central measuring instrument to the center of the movable chuck and the fixed chuck in accordance with the movement of the first movable part.
- the central measuring instrument moves to the axial central part of the test piece according to the expansion and contraction of the test piece, the central part of the test piece can always be measured by the central measuring instrument.
- the first movable part further includes a first runner block that engages with the rail, and is supported by the first runner block so as to be slidable in a predetermined direction.
- a second runner block that engages with the rail may be provided, and the second runner block may be slidably supported in a predetermined direction by the second runner block.
- the first and second movable parts are supported by the first and second runner blocks, respectively, unnecessary bending stress or the like is applied to the test piece due to the weight of the first and second movable parts. There is no. Further, since the first and second movable parts can move in a predetermined direction (axial force direction) with low resistance, the test load is applied to the test piece without being attenuated, and a high-accuracy material test can be performed.
- the fixed portion further includes a load sensor that measures a load in a predetermined direction applied to the test piece, and a third runner block that engages with the rail so as to be movable in the predetermined direction, and the fixed chuck is mounted on the third runner block. It is good also as a structure arrange
- the link mechanism includes a first link having one end rotatably connected to the first movable part via the first pin, and a first link rotatably connected to the second movable part via the second pin.
- An end and the other end of the third link are rotatably connected via a fourth pin, and the other end of the second link is rotatably connected to the first or third link via a fifth pin.
- the distance between the first pins is equal to the distance between the fourth pins and the third pins, and the distance between the fifth pins and the second pins is the same as that between the fifth pin and the fifth pin of the first and third pins. It is good also as a structure equal to a space
- the first movable portion, the second movable portion, and the fixed portion each include a base plate with first, second, and third runner blocks attached to the lower surface, and the movable chuck, the central portion measuring instrument, and the fixed chuck are each a base plate.
- the link mechanism may be attached to the lower surface of each base plate and disposed below the base plate.
- the frame includes a surface plate having a horizontal upper surface
- the rail is attached to the upper surface of the frame, and a central portion of one side surface of the surface plate is cut out in a horizontal direction, and a concave portion having a bottom formed along the rail.
- the link mechanism may be disposed in the recess.
- a material testing machine capable of highly accurate material testing with a simple configuration is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of a material testing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the material testing machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an AA arrow view in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the sensor unit moving mechanism.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the sensor unit.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the sensor unit.
- FIG. 7 is a top view of the first radial displacement detector.
- FIG. 8 is a side view of the axial displacement detector.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram of the axial displacement detection unit viewed in the positive direction of the Y ′ axis.
- FIG. 10 is a BB arrow view in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a top view of the fixed chuck and the movable chuck.
- FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fixed chuck and the movable chuck.
- FIG. 13 is a CC arrow view
- a material testing machine 1 applies an axial force together with an internal pressure to a tubular test piece T, and measures an elasto-plastic behavior of the test piece T at this time. It is an apparatus for performing a test.
- 1 and 2 are a front view and a top view of the material testing machine 1, respectively.
- 3 is an AA arrow view of FIG. 2 and shows only a frame 10 and a sensor unit moving mechanism 100 described later. In the following description, the left-right direction in FIG.
- the vertical direction is the Z-axis direction (the upward direction is the positive Z-axis direction).
- the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) in FIG. 2 is referred to as “depth direction”, the upper side is referred to as the “back” side, and the lower side is referred to as the “front side”.
- the material testing machine 1 includes a frame 10, a hydraulic cylinder 20, a first movable unit 30, a second movable unit 40, a fixed unit 50, a sensor unit moving mechanism 100, a hydraulic source, a hydraulic pressure source, and a control unit (not shown).
- the hydraulic pressure source is a device that supplies hydraulic pressure to drive the hydraulic cylinder 20, and the hydraulic pressure source is a device that supplies pressurized liquid (for example, water mixed with a rust preventive agent) into the tube of the test piece T.
- the frame 10 is a frame that supports each part of the material testing machine 1, and each part of the material testing machine 1 except the hydraulic power source, the hydraulic pressure source, and the control device is attached to a surface plate 12 provided on the upper surface of the frame 10. Yes.
- a substantially rectangular recess 12a is formed on the near side and the far side at the center in the X-axis direction of the surface plate 12, and the surface plate 12 has a substantially H-shaped outer shape in a top view (FIG. 2).
- the frame 10 has a pair of outer walls 14 that cover both sides in the depth direction of the frame 10 and a pair of horizontal sections that are substantially U-shaped and extend vertically from the lower surfaces of the edge portions of the recesses 12 a of the surface plate 12. And a pair of horizontal bottom plates 18 that respectively close the openings of the pair of internal spaces S formed by being surrounded by the inner wall 16 and the outer wall 14.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the sensor unit moving mechanism 100.
- the sensor unit moving mechanism 100 includes the first movable unit 30 such that the second movable unit 40 (or sensor unit 200, which will be described later) is always accurately positioned at an intermediate point between the first movable unit 30 and the fixed unit 50. This is a mechanism for moving the second movable portion 40 in accordance with the movement of.
- the sensor unit moving mechanism 100 includes two sets of linear guides 120 and link mechanisms 140.
- Each linear guide 120 includes a rail 121 and three runner blocks 122, 123, and 124 that engage with the rail 121 and can move smoothly along the rail 121.
- the rails 121 of the two sets of linear guides 120 are disposed between a pair of recesses 12a formed on the surface plate 12, respectively.
- the two rails 121 extending in the X-axis direction are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval in the Y-axis direction, and are fixed to the upper surface of the surface plate 12.
- the first movable portion 30 and the second movable portion 40 are respectively attached to the runner blocks 122 and 123 of each linear guide 120, and the first movable portion 30 and the second movable portion 40 are respectively connected to the X-axis by the linear guide 120. It is configured to move smoothly in the direction.
- Each runner block 124 is provided with a chuck 52 (described later) of the fixing portion 50.
- runner blocks 122, 123, and 124 are connected by a link mechanism 140, and the runner block 123 is always arranged accurately between the runner blocks 122 and 124 even if the runner block 122 moves. ing. Details of the link mechanism 140 will be described later.
- a linear encoder (not shown) for detecting the position of the runner block 122 is provided on the surface plate 12. The linear encoder is communicably connected to the control unit, and the position information of the first movable unit 30 (that is, the position information of the chuck 32 described later) detected by the linear encoder during the test is sent to the control unit. Recorded in the storage device.
- the hydraulic cylinder 20 is a hydraulic linear motion actuator that is linearly driven in the X-axis direction by hydraulic pressure supplied from a hydraulic source (not shown).
- the cylinder tube 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is fixed to the end of the surface plate 12 in the negative X-axis direction via a bracket 24.
- a piston rod 22 that moves in the X-axis direction protrudes from the X-axis positive direction end of the cylinder tube 21.
- An attachment 23 for connecting the piston rod 22 and the chuck 32 is provided at the tip of the piston rod 22.
- the first movable unit 30 includes a base 31, a chuck (movable chuck) 32, and a connecting member 33.
- a runner block 122 of each linear guide 120 is attached to both end portions in the depth direction of the lower surface of the base 31.
- a chuck 32 that holds one end of the test piece T is attached to the upper surface of the base 31. Accordingly, a relatively large weight of the chuck 32 is supported by the base 31 and the two sets of linear guides 120 so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction.
- the back surface (left side surface in FIG. 1) of the chuck 32 is fixed to the attachment 23 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 via the connecting member 33, and the chuck 32 is driven in the X-axis direction as the piston rod 22 moves.
- the second movable part 40 includes a base 41 and a sensor unit 200.
- the runner blocks 123 of the respective linear guides 120 are attached to both end portions in the depth direction of the lower surface of the base 41.
- a sensor unit 200 for measuring the shape of the central portion in the length direction (X-axis direction) of the test piece T is attached to the upper surface of the base 41. Details of the sensor unit 200 will be described later.
- the fixing unit 50 includes a base 51, a chuck (fixed chuck) 52, a connecting member 53, a load cell 54, and a bracket 55.
- a chuck 52 that holds the other end of the test piece T is attached to the upper surface of the base 51.
- the runner blocks 124 of the respective linear guides 120 are attached to both ends of the bottom surface of the base 51 in the depth direction. Accordingly, a relatively large weight of the chuck 52 is supported by the base 51 and the two sets of linear guides 120 so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction.
- a mounting base for the load cell 54 is attached to the back surface of the chuck 52 (the right side surface in FIG. 1) via a connecting member 53.
- a load receiving bar 54a protrudes vertically from a load seat (the plate on the right side surface in FIG. 1) of the load cell 54, and the load receiving bar 54a is fixed to a bracket 55 attached to the surface plate 12.
- the load cell 54 arranged in this way detects a test load (axial force) in the X-axis direction applied to the test piece T. Further, as described above, the relatively large weight of the chuck 52 is slidably supported by the linear guide 120, so that a large bending moment is not applied to the load cell 54, and an accurate axial force can be measured by the load cell 54. Become.
- the chuck 52 can move on the linear guide 120 in the X-axis direction with a low resistance, the axial force applied to the chuck 52 is transmitted to the load cell 54 with almost no loss and is accurately detected by the load cell 54.
- the load cell 54 is connected to the control unit, and the load cell detection signal (strain gauge resistance value) is read out by a well-known bridge circuit provided in the control unit and converted into test load data. Information on the test load detected by the load cell 54 during the test is recorded in the memory of the control unit in association with the position information of the first movable unit 30 detected at the same time.
- the link mechanism 140 will be described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG.
- the two link mechanisms 140 are arranged vertically in the internal space S of the frame 10. Since the structures of the two link mechanisms 140 are mirror images of each other, only the structure of the link mechanism 140 on the near side will be described in detail.
- the link mechanism 140 has three long plate links (movable links) 141, 142, and 143 that are rotatably connected by pins, and a fixed link 140a that is fixed to the upper surface of the surface plate 12.
- a connecting hole for passing a pin is formed at both ends of each movable link, and a connecting hole is formed at one end of the fixed link 140a.
- the movable link 143 has a third connection hole in the middle of the connection holes at both ends. Note that a bearing for rotatably holding the pin is provided in one of the connecting holes of the two links to be connected, whereby the links are connected to each other so as to be smoothly rotated.
- the link 141 and the link 143 are members of the same scale having the same link length (interval between connecting holes provided at both ends) 2L, and the link 142 has a link length L that is half of that.
- pins 145 and 146 are fixed to both ends in the depth direction of the bases 31 and 41 by pin fixtures 145a and 146a, respectively.
- a pin 145 is inserted into a connecting hole at one end of the link 141, and the link 141 is rotatably connected to the base 31 via the pin 145.
- the link 142 is rotatably connected to the base 41 via a pin 146.
- one end of the link 143 is rotatably connected to one end of the fixed link 140a via a pin 147.
- the other end of the link 141 is rotatably connected to the other end of the link 143 via a pin 148.
- the other end of the link 142 is rotatably connected to the center portion of the link 143 via a pin 149.
- a triangle having apexes of the pins 145, 147, and 148 is an isosceles triangle (hereinafter referred to as an “isosceles triangle 578”).
- the link 142 has a link length that is half of the link length of the link 143, and the connecting hole at the other end of the link 142 is connected to the connecting hole at the center in the length direction of the link 143 by the pin 149. , 147 and 249 are connected to form an isosceles triangle (hereinafter referred to as “isosceles triangle 679”).
- the isosceles triangle 578 and the isosceles triangle 679 are similar figures having a similarity ratio of 2: 1. Therefore, even if the first movable unit 30 (pin 145) moves, the pin 146 is always located at the intermediate point between the pin 145 and the pin 147. That is, when driven by the hydraulic cylinder 20 and the first movable part 30 moves in the X-axis direction, the link mechanism 140 coupled to the first movable part 30 is actuated by the pin 145 and coupled to the link mechanism 140 by the pin 146. The second movable part 40 moves to the intermediate point between the first movable part 30 and the fixed part 50 after the movement.
- the pins 145, 146, and 147 are reference positions (X-axis reference) in the X-axis direction of the first movable unit 30, the second movable unit 40, and the fixed unit 50 (specifically, the bases 31, 41, and 51), respectively. Point).
- the X-axis reference point of the first movable part 30 and the fixed part 50 has a substantial end of the test piece T (deformable that is not clamped by the chuck). The end of the part) is arranged. Therefore, an intermediate point of the span of the test piece T (an intermediate point of the effective length of the test piece T) is disposed at the X-axis reference point of the second movable unit 40.
- the sensor unit 200 provided in the second movable part 40 is configured to measure the shape of the test piece T at the X-axis reference point of the second movable part 40. Therefore, even if the length of the test piece T changes due to the test load during the test, the sensor unit 200 can always measure the substantial shape of the central portion in the length direction of the test piece T.
- the sensor unit 200 is always arranged between the movable chuck 32 and the fixed chuck 52 by the sensor unit moving mechanism 100 described above, and is arranged in the radial direction and the length direction of the outer peripheral surface of the test piece T at the center of the span of the test piece T.
- a component for measuring displacement during testing is a view of the second movable portion 40 to which the sensor unit 200 is attached viewed in the positive direction of the X axis.
- FIG. 6 is a view of the sensor unit 200 as viewed in the positive Y-axis direction (that is, from the front side of the material testing machine 1).
- the sensor unit 200 includes a plate 201, a first radial displacement detector 220, a second radial displacement detector 240, a third radial displacement detector 260, and an axial displacement detector 280.
- the plate 201 is a flat plate extending perpendicularly from the X-axis positive direction end portion of the base 41, and an opening 201a having an arcuate edge through which the test piece T passes is formed in the center portion.
- the opening 201a is opened at the upper part on the front side (upper right part in FIG. 5), and the test piece T can be taken into and out of the opening 201a through this opened part.
- the first radial displacement detector 220, the second radial displacement detector 240, the third radial displacement detector 260, and the axial displacement detector 280 are each on one surface of the plate 201 (surface on the front side in FIG. 5). It is attached. Further, the first radial displacement detector 220, the second radial displacement detector 240, and the third radial displacement detector 260 are arranged around the axis of the test piece T at intervals of 120 °. Further, the first radial direction displacement detection unit 220 is disposed directly above the test piece T.
- FIG. 7 is a view of the first radial displacement detector 220 as viewed from above.
- the first radial displacement detector 220 includes a plate 221, three contact displacement meters 230a to 230c, three needles 223a to 223c, and needles 223a to 223c.
- the sensor supports 224a to 224c fixed to the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact displacement gauges 230a to 230c and the main bodies 231a to 223c of the contact displacement gauges and the needles 223a to 223c are vertically moved with respect to the plate 221 (Z Three linear guides 228 are slidably supported in the axial direction.
- the contact displacement meters 230a to 230c are provided with substantially cylindrical main bodies 231a to 231c and round bar-like contacts 232a to 232c, respectively.
- the main bodies 231a to 231c are formed with round holes extending from one end to the central axis, and the contacts 232a to 232c are accommodated in the round holes so as to be slidable in the central axis direction. Further, the contacts 232a to 232c are urged toward the tip end side by coil springs (not shown) provided in the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact displacement gauges, and the tip portions of the contacts 232a to 232c are placed on the main bodies 231a to 231c. Protrudes from one end of the.
- the contact displacement meters 230a to 230c detect positions or displacements of the contacts 232a to 232c relative to the main bodies 231a to 231c in the central axis direction (measurement axis direction P).
- the plate 221 is a support plate that protrudes perpendicularly from one surface of the plate 201 (surface on the X axis negative direction side) and is arranged in parallel with the test piece T.
- a rail 228m extending in the Z-axis direction of three linear guides 228 arranged at equal intervals in the X-axis direction is fixed to one surface of the plate 221 (the surface on the Y-axis negative direction side).
- One runner block 228n is slidably engaged with each rail 228m along the rail 228m.
- Plates 225a to 225c of the sensor supports 224a to 224c are attached to the attachment surfaces of the runner blocks 228n, respectively.
- clamps 226a to 226c for attaching the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact type displacement gauges are respectively attached to the surfaces of the plates 225a to c opposite to the runner blocks 228n.
- the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact displacement meter are supported to be slidable in the measurement axis direction P with respect to the plate 221 (that is, the frame of the sensor unit 200) by attaching to the clamps 226a to 226c.
- the arms 227a to 227c extend horizontally from the lower ends of the plates 225a to 225c toward the Y axis negative direction.
- a through-hole extending in the Z-axis direction through which the needles 223a to 223c are respectively passed is formed at the distal ends of the arms 227a to 227c.
- the needles 223a to 223c are fixed to the arms 227a to 227c by a set screw 229 in a state where the tips of the needles 223a to 223c are accurately projected from the lower surfaces of the arms 227a to 227c by a predetermined length.
- the needles 223a to 223c are fixed in parallel to the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact type displacement gauges, respectively, and are slidable together with the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact type displacement gauges in the Z axis direction (that is, the measurement axis direction P). Supported by
- the needles 223a to 223c are arranged perpendicular to the central axis (X axis) of the tubular test piece T (in parallel with the Z axis), and have a predetermined interval in the X axis direction (in this embodiment, an interval of 10 mm). ) At equal intervals. Further, the center needle 223b is accurately arranged at the X-axis reference point of the second movable portion 40, and the tip is in contact with the center of the span of the test piece T.
- the contact piece abutting plate 222 protrudes perpendicularly to the Y axis negative direction side and in parallel with the test piece T.
- the top ends of the contact butt plates 222 are in contact with the tips of the contacts 232a to 232c of the contact displacement meter.
- the contacts 232a to 232c are urged toward the distal end side by the coil springs provided in the main bodies 231a to 231c of the contact type displacement gauge, the main body 231a of the contact type displacement gauge together with the needles 223a to 223c.
- the second radial direction displacement detection unit 240 has a plate 241 (contactor abutment plate 242), a contact displacement meter 250, a needle 243, and a sensor for fixing the needle 243 to the main body 251 of the contact displacement meter 250.
- a support 244 and a linear guide 248 that slidably supports the main body 251 and the needle 243 of the contact displacement meter with respect to the plate 241 in the measurement axis direction Q of the contact displacement meter 250 are provided.
- the second radial displacement detector 240 includes only one set of a contact displacement meter 250, a needle 243, a sensor support 244 and a linear guide 248, and the plate 241 is arranged in parallel with the plate 201.
- the second radial displacement detector 240 is provided with a spring mechanism 245 that urges the body 251 of the contact displacement meter against the test piece T against gravity, and the tip of the needle 243 is always tested. It comes into contact with the piece T.
- the central axis of the needle 243 is accurately disposed at the X-axis reference point of the second movable portion 40, and is configured to measure the radial displacement of the outer peripheral surface at the center of the span of the test piece T. Yes. Further, the configuration of the sensor support 244 in the second radial direction displacement detection unit 240 and the relative arrangement relationship of the plate 241, the needle 243, the sensor support 244, the linear guide 248, and the contact displacement meter 250 are the contact displacement.
- the structure of the third radial displacement detector 260 is a mirror image of the structure of the second radial displacement detector 240, a detailed description of the configuration of the third radial displacement detector 260 is omitted.
- the tubular test piece T expands in the circumferential direction around the center of the span due to the internal pressure. That is, the longitudinal section of the test piece T is deformed into a bell shape with the center portion of the span as a vertex.
- the circumferential strain of the test piece T is mainly the displacement in the radial direction of the outer peripheral surface at the center of the span of the test piece T measured by the first, second, and third radial displacement detectors 220, 240, 260.
- the strain in the circumferential direction of the test piece T can be measured based on only the radial displacement at one point on the outer peripheral surface at the center of the span of the test piece T, which is measured using the third radial direction displacement detection unit 260, for example. Can be determined.
- the first, second, and third radial displacement detectors 220, 240, and 260 cause the radial displacement on the outer peripheral surface of the test piece T to be 120 around the central axis of the test piece T. By using three measured values measured at equal intervals, the circumferential strain of the test piece T can be measured more accurately.
- the first radial direction displacement detection unit 220 includes three displacement meters arranged at equal intervals in the central axis direction of the test piece T. Thereby, the curvature of the bell-shaped deformation in the longitudinal section of the test piece T is determined, and the circumferential strain of the test piece T can be measured more accurately.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of the axial displacement detection unit 280 viewed in the negative X-axis direction. Note that the Y ′ axis and the Z ′ axis in FIG. 8 are coordinate axes obtained by rotating the Y axis and the Z axis by 40 ° around the X axis as shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram of the axial displacement detection unit 280 as viewed in the Y′-axis positive direction.
- FIG. 10 is a view taken along arrow BB in FIG.
- FIG 8 to 10 show a state in which a setting jig 370 used for setting the axial displacement detector 280 to the initial state when the axial displacement detector 280 is mounted on the test piece T is shown. Yes. The test is performed with the setting jig 370 removed.
- the axial direction displacement detection unit 280 includes a plate 281 fixed perpendicularly to the plate 201 and a movable plate 282 arranged in parallel with the plate 281.
- a rail 283m extending in the Z′-axis direction is fixed to the surface of the movable plate 282 facing the plate 281.
- a runner block 283n that engages with the rail 283m is fixed to one surface of the plate 281. That is, the movable plate 282 is attached to one surface (surface on the Y′-axis negative direction side) of the plate 281 via a linear guide 283 constituted by a rail 283m and a runner block 283n. It is slidable in the axial direction.
- a hand tightening screw 284 that engages with a female screw provided on the mounting surface of the rail 283m is rotatably attached to the movable plate 282.
- a plurality of positioning pins 282a that engage with positioning shapes (holes or notches) provided on the mounting surface of the rail 283m are attached to the surface of the movable plate 282 that faces the plate 281.
- the movable plate 282 can be detachably attached to the rail 283m with high positional accuracy by a positioning pin 282a and a hand tightening screw 284.
- the movable plate 282 is removed from the rail 283 by loosening the hand tightening screw 284 in order to secure a space necessary for the replacement of the test piece T.
- a bearing portion 310 (FIG. 10) that supports the main body portion 300 of the axial displacement detection unit 280 so as to be swingable around the Y ′ axis is provided at the distal end portion of the movable plate 282 in the negative Z′-axis direction.
- the main body 300 includes a shaft 320, a plate 330, a first slide part 340, a second slide part 350, and a contact displacement meter 360.
- the contact displacement meter 360 has the same configuration as the contact displacement meters 230a to 230c.
- One end of a shaft 320 extending in the Y′-axis direction is rotatably supported by a double row ball bearing 312 provided in the bearing portion 310.
- a plate 330 is fixed vertically to the other end of the shaft 320. That is, the plate 330 disposed in parallel with the movable plate 282 is supported by the shaft 320 and the bearing portion 310 so as to be swingable around the Y ′ axis with respect to the movable plate 282.
- the main body 300 of the axial displacement detection unit 280 smoothly swings according to the deformation of the test piece T. The portion 280 is prevented from being damaged by receiving an excessive load from the test piece T.
- the axial displacement detection unit 280 does not hinder the movement of the test piece T, and the test piece T is mounted even when the axial displacement detection unit 280 is mounted. Can be attached / removed.
- the plate 330, the first slide part 340, and the second slide part 350 are disposed substantially parallel to each other, and a part of the plate 330 is sandwiched between the first slide part 340 and the second slide part 350.
- the first slide portion 340 and the second slide portion 350 are attached to the plate 330 via linear guides 332 and 334, respectively, and slide in a predetermined direction (X-axis direction in FIGS. 8 to 9) with respect to the plate 330. It is free.
- the rail 332 m of the linear guide 332 and the rail 334 m of the linear guide 334 are respectively attached to both surfaces of the plate 330.
- the runner block 332 n of the linear guide 332 is attached to the first slide portion 340, and the runner block 334 n of the linear guide 334 is attached to the second slide portion 350.
- first slide part 340 and the second slide part 350 At one end of the first slide part 340 and the second slide part 350 (end part in the Z′-axis negative direction in FIGS. 8 to 10), jaws 344 and 354 to be attached to the side surface of the test piece T are provided, respectively. .
- a clamp 342 for fixing the main body 361 of the contact displacement meter 360 is provided at the other end portion of the first slide portion 340.
- the contact displacement meter 360 is arranged so that the measurement axis (the axial direction of the contact 362) is parallel to the movable direction of the linear guides 332 and 334.
- a contact butting plate 352 perpendicular to the contact 362 is provided.
- the second relative to the main body 361 of the contact displacement meter fixed to the first slide portion 340 is obtained.
- the contact piece abutting plate 352 of the slide part 350 moves in the measurement axis direction.
- the contact 362 of the contact displacement meter is biased in the protruding direction (X-axis negative direction) by a coil spring (not shown) provided in the main body 361, so that the tip contacts the contact abutting plate 352.
- the X-axis direction moves following the movement of the contact piece abutting plate 352 while maintaining the contacted state.
- the relative displacement between the jaw 344 and the jaw 354 is detected by the contact displacement meter 360.
- hook plates 336 are attached to both ends of the plate 330 in the measurement axis direction. Hooks 336 h are formed at both ends of the hook plate 336 in the Y′-axis direction.
- the rubber band B is hooked on both hooks 336 with the tips of the jaws 344 and 354 in contact with the test piece T, and the rubber band B and the main body part 300 of the axial displacement detection unit A test piece T is sandwiched between the two.
- the jaws 344 and 354 are urged toward the side surface of the test piece T by the elastic force of the rubber band B, so that the jaws 344 and 354 are displaced in the axial direction without slipping on the side surface of the test piece T.
- the displacement in the axial direction is accurately detected.
- the main body 300 of the axial displacement detector 280 is configured to be swingable around the shaft 320, the test piece T is distorted with respect to the center of the span when the test piece T is distorted or during the test. Even if there is a difference in the distance between the tips of the jaws 344 and 354 and the test piece T, the distance difference is eliminated by the rotation of the main body 300, and the two jaws 344 and 354 are securely It is applied to the side surface of the test piece T, and accurate axial displacement measurement is always possible.
- positioning pins 346 and 356 are provided on the surfaces of the first slide portion 340 and the second slide portion 350 facing the setting jig 370, respectively.
- a female screw 322 that engages with the hand tightening screw 322 is formed on the central axis of the surface of the shaft 320 facing the setting jig 370.
- the setting jig 370 is formed with holes 372 and 372 that engage with the positioning pins 346 and 356 and a through hole 378 through which the hand tightening screw 322 is passed.
- the setting jig 370 is axially moved.
- the main body 300 of the displacement detector 280 is attached.
- the shaft 320, the plate 330 integrally fixed to the shaft 320, the first slide portion 340, the second slide portion 350, and the setting jig 370 are fixed in a predetermined arrangement relationship.
- the distance between the center axis of the shaft 320 and the tip of the jaw 344 and the distance between the center axis of the shaft 320 and the tip of the jaw 354 in the X-axis direction are common predetermined values (in this embodiment, 10 mm).
- the central axis of the shaft 320 is disposed immediately above the central line in the X-axis direction of the base 41. That is, the shaft 320 is positioned between the movable chuck 32 and the fixed chuck 52 in the X-axis direction.
- the jaws 344 and 354 are arranged at positions spaced apart from the center of the span of the test piece T at equal intervals in the X-axis positive direction and the negative direction, respectively.
- the jaws 344 and 354 are abutted against the outer peripheral surface of the test piece T at a predetermined interval at the center of the span of the test piece T and fixed. can do.
- 11 and 12 show a top view and a longitudinal sectional view of the chucks 32 and 52, respectively.
- the right chuck 52 shows a clamped state
- the left chuck 32 shows an unclamped state.
- the chuck 32 includes a support block 610, a flange portion 620, a core 630, a collet 640, a sleeve 650, a slider 660, and two hydraulic cylinders 670 (FIG. 11).
- the slider 660 includes four rods 662 and a connecting plate 664.
- the support block 610 has a flange portion 620 attached to the side surface on the X axis negative direction side and a core 630 attached to the side surface on the X axis positive direction side.
- the support block 610 is formed with four through holes 612 extending in the X-axis direction.
- Each through hole 612 has an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rod 662, and the rod 662 is slidably inserted into each through hole 612.
- one end of each of the four rods 662 on the X axis negative direction side is fixed to the connecting plate 664.
- the hydraulic cylinder 670 is configured to be able to bias the test piece T to the connecting plate 664 in the negative Y-axis direction.
- the flange portion 620 is a structural portion for attaching the connecting member 33, and a flange attachment surface 622 in which a screw hole (not shown) is formed is provided at one end of the flange portion 620.
- a cylindrical portion 632 having a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the test piece T is provided at the distal end portion of the core 630.
- a tapered portion 634 is provided adjacent to the distal end side of the cylindrical portion 632 so that the outer peripheral surface becomes thinner toward the distal end side.
- An annular groove 636 in which an O-ring is mounted is formed on the outer peripheral surface on the distal end side of the cylindrical portion 632.
- the collet 640 is an annular member, and four notches (not shown) extending radially from the central axis are formed.
- the collet 640 is divided into four parts by four notches except for the inner peripheral side end on the support block 610 side, and each divided piece is movable in the radial direction.
- the inner peripheral surface of the collet 640 is a cylindrical surface that is slightly wider than the outer diameter of the test piece T, and is covered with the cylindrical portion 632 of the core 630. During the test, the test piece T is sandwiched between the inner peripheral surface of the collet 640 and the cylindrical portion 632 of the core 630.
- the outer peripheral surface of the collet 640 is a conical surface (tapered surface) that becomes thinner toward the tip side.
- the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 650 is also a conical surface having the same taper angle as the outer peripheral surface of the collet 640, and the sleeve 650 is covered with the collet 640.
- a flange portion 652 protruding outward in the radial direction is formed on the support block 610 side of the sleeve 650.
- the chuck 52 includes a support block 510, a core 530, a collet 540, a sleeve 550, a slider 560, and two hydraulic cylinders 570 (FIG. 11).
- the collet 540, the sleeve 550, the slider 560, and the hydraulic cylinder 570 are members having the same configuration as the collet 640, the sleeve 650, the slider 660, and the hydraulic cylinder 670 of the chuck 32, respectively.
- the core 530 has the same configuration as that of the core 630 of the chuck 32 except for the shape of the fixing portion to the support block 510 and the detailed configuration of the pipe line 514 described later.
- a flange mounting surface 522 in which a screw hole (not shown) for fixing the connecting member 53 is formed is provided on the side surface of the support block 510 on the X axis positive direction side.
- a core 530 is attached to the side surface of the support block 510 on the X axis negative direction side.
- the support block 510 is formed with four through holes 512 extending in the X-axis direction, and the rods 562 of the slider 560 are slidably inserted into the through holes 512.
- FIG. 13 is a view taken along the line CC in FIG.
- Four through holes 554 extending in the X-axis direction are formed in the flange portion 552 of the sleeve 550.
- the through hole 554 has an insertion portion 554a through which the head 562h of the rod 562 can be inserted, and a narrow gap portion 554b extending from the insertion portion 554a along the circumferential direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 13). .
- a countersunk portion 554c is formed around the narrow gap portion 554b.
- Pipe lines 616 and 636 and pipe lines 516 and 536 for supplying hydraulic fluid for applying an internal pressure to the test piece T are applied to the support block 610 and the core 630 of the chuck 32 and the support block 510 and the core 530 of the chuck 52, respectively. Is formed. In addition, the water and hydraulic oil which mixed the rust preventive agent are used for a hydraulic fluid.
- One end (nipple 516 a) of the pipe line 516 of the support block 510 is connected to a hydraulic pressure source (not shown), and the other end is connected to one end of a pipe line 532 formed in the core 530.
- An oil pressure gauge 590 is provided in the middle of the pipe line 516.
- the other end of the pipe 532 of the core 530 opens to the outer peripheral surface of the tapered portion 534, and the working fluid is injected into the pipe of the test piece T from this opening.
- one end of the conduit 616 formed in the support block 610 of the chuck 32 is connected to the air vent valve 680 and the other end is connected to one end of the conduit 636 of the core 630.
- the outlet of the valve 680 is connected to a hydraulic fluid tank (not shown).
- the other end of the pipe 636 of the core 630 opens to the outer peripheral surface of the tapered portion 634, and hydraulic oil in the pipe of the test piece T flows into the pipes 636 and 616 from this opening.
- the test piece T When the test piece T is clamped by the chuck 52, one end of the test piece T is inserted into the cylindrical portion 532 of the core 530, the collet 540 is attached to the outer periphery thereof, and the sleeve 550 is attached to the outer periphery of the collet 540.
- the sleeve 550 When the sleeve 550 is mounted, the sleeve 550 is rotated clockwise through the rod 562 through the through hole 554 (FIG. 13) of the flange portion 552, and the head 562h of the rod 562 and the counterbore portion 554c of the flange portion 552, Engage.
- the other end of the test piece T is attached to the chuck 32.
- both ends of the test piece T are inserted into the cylindrical portion 532 of the core 530 and the cylindrical portion 632 of the core 630, respectively, the test piece T and the cylindrical portions 532 and 632 are brought into close contact with each other by the O-rings 536 and 636. Even if the liquid is supplied, the hydraulic fluid does not leak from the gap between the test piece T and the cores 530 and 630.
- the valve 680 is opened and the hydraulic fluid is sent out from the hydraulic pressure source at a low pressure, the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the hydraulic oil tank via the pipes 516 and 536, the test piece T, the pipes 636 and 616, and the valve 680. Is sent out.
- the air in the test piece T and the pipes 516, 536, 636, and 616 is also discharged to the hydraulic oil tank together with the hydraulic fluid, and the test piece T and the pipes 516, 536, 636, and 616 are filled with the hydraulic oil.
- the hydraulic cylinder 570 (670) is activated, and the connecting plate 564 (664) is driven in the positive X-axis direction (negative direction).
- the sleeve 550 (650) is also strongly pushed in the X axis positive direction (negative direction) via the rod 562 (662) fixed to the connecting plate 564 (664).
- the collet 540 (640) is strongly pushed inward by the taper surface of the sleeve 550 (650), and one end of the test piece T (others) is formed between the cylindrical portion 532 (632) of the core 530 (630) and the collet 540 (640). Edge) is firmly clamped. Further, when the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is released after the test, the tightening of the collet 540 (640) by the rod 562 (662) and the sleeve 550 (650) is released, so that the unclamped state is obtained.
- the support block 510 (610) has a female screw 518 (618) that engages with the unclamping bolt 566 (666), and the connecting plate 564 (664) has a through hole 564a through which the unclamping bolt 566 (666) passes. (664a) is provided.
- the unclamp bolt 566 (666) is passed through the through hole 564a (664a) and the female screw 518 (618).
- the connecting plate 564 (664) is pushed toward the support block 510 (610), so that the collet 540 (640) is not fixed and can be unclamped.
- the internal pressure P is detected by a hydraulic pressure gauge provided in a hydraulic pressure source (not shown). Further, the pipe axis direction stress T is detected by the load cell 54. Further, the outer diameter D and the axial direction of the tube radius of curvature R phi specimens T, is obtained by the method described below.
- the outer diameter D is the span of the test piece T detected by the first radial displacement detector 220 (contact displacement meter 230b), the second radial displacement detector 240, and the third radial displacement detector 260, respectively. It is calculated using the radial displacements e 1 , e 2 and e 3 of the outer peripheral surface at the center (X-axis reference point). Specifically, the outer diameter D of the test piece T is calculated by the following equation (7), using the average value of the three displacement measurement values e 1 , e 2 and e 3 as the amount of change in the radius of the test piece T.
- the measurement accuracy of the outer diameter D of the test piece T is obtained by calculating the outer diameter D from the average radial displacement of the outer peripheral surface measured at three locations in the circumferential direction at the center of the span of the test piece T.
- the circumferential stress ⁇ ⁇ and the pipe axial stress ⁇ ⁇ can be measured with high accuracy.
- the first radial displacement detector 220, the second radial displacement detector 240, and the third radial displacement detector 260 are arranged around the tube axis of the test piece T at equal intervals.
- the average value of the displacement measurement values e 1 , e 2, and e 3 by the two radial direction change detection units is a value close to the value obtained by averaging the displacements of the entire circumference of the test piece T. That is, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, measurement errors can be effectively reduced by a small number of radial direction displacement detection units.
- the tube axis direction radius of curvature R ⁇ is calculated based on the displacements e 4 , e 1 and e 5 of the needles 223a to 223c detected by the three contact displacement meters 230a to 230c of the first radial direction displacement detector 220. Calculated by (8) and (9). The signs of the displacements e 1 to e 5 are defined as positive in the direction in which the radius of the test piece T increases.
- the other end of the link 142 whose one end is connected to the second movable part 40 is connected at the central part of the link 143, but the other end of the link 142 may be connected at the central part of the link 141.
- Two links 142 may be provided, and the other end of one link 142 may be connected to the link 141 and the other end of the other link 142 may be connected to the link 143. In this case, since the second movable unit 40 is driven by the two links 142, the measurement unit can be moved smoothly and accurately even when a heavy measurement unit is used.
- the strain at the central portion of the test piece T is measured.
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where the central portion of the test piece T is measured other than the shape. Measurements other than the shapes to which the present invention can be applied include electrical characteristics (for example, resistance of the test piece T) and optical characteristics (for example, light reflectance).
- the link length of the link 142 is set to 1 ⁇ 2 of the link length of the link 143, and the second movable portion 40 is always located at the midpoint between the first movable portion 30 and the fixed portion 50.
- the ratio of the link lengths of the link 142 and the link 143 that is, the similarity magnification between the isosceles triangle 578 and the isosceles triangle 679) can be arbitrarily set.
- a hydraulic actuator that is driven and controlled by a servo valve is used as an actuator.
- other types of actuators for example, an electric hydraulic actuator that is driven and controlled by a servo motor or an electric actuator that is driven by various motors). ) May be used.
- the conventional method of measuring changes in the cross-sectional shape at the center in the length direction of the test piece with a CCD camera or sensor array can only provide measurement accuracy lower than the arrangement interval of the light receiving elements, and can detect minute changes. could not.
- the measurement accuracy also decreases due to the spread angle and diffraction of the projection light, and when a large test piece is used, the projection distance becomes long, so that the measurement cannot be performed with sufficient accuracy.
- a contact-type displacement meter by using a contact-type displacement meter, it becomes possible to perform measurement with much higher accuracy and accuracy than before, and a large test piece T can be obtained. Even when the test used is performed, measurement with sufficient accuracy is possible.
- a displacement meter other than a contact displacement meter for example, a laser light reflection type non-contact displacement meter
- the sensor unit moving mechanism is not limited to the circular tube bulge test, but can be applied to various other measurements such as a mechanical test such as a normal tensile test, a compression test, and a torsion test.
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Abstract
Description
P:内圧(液圧)
D:試験片Tの外径(D0:初期値)
t:試験片Tの肉厚(t0:初期値)
T:管軸方向荷重
Rφ:管軸方向曲率半径
L:標点間距離(L0:初期値)
e6:試験片Tのスパン中央部における外周面の軸方向変位(軸方向変位検出部280の検出値)
外径Dは、第1径方向変位検出部220(接触式変位計230b)、第2径方向変位検出部240及び第3径方向変位検出部260によってそれぞれ検出された、試験片Tのスパンの中央(X軸基準点)における外周面の半径方向の変位e1、e2及びe3を使用して計算される。具体的には、試験片Tの外径Dは、3つの変位測定値e1、e2及びe3の平均値を試験片Tの半径の変化量として、次の式(7)により計算される。
管軸方向曲率半径Rφは、第1径方向変位検出部220の3つ接触式変位計230a~cによって検出されるニードル223a~223cの変位e4、e1、e5に基づいて、式(8)、(9)により計算される。なお、変位e1~e5の符号は、試験片Tの半径が増大する方向の変位を正として定義される。
20 油圧シリンダ
30 第1可動部
40 第2可動部
50 固定部
100 センサユニット移動機構
200 センサユニット
220 第1径方向変位検出部
240 第2径方向変位検出部
260 第3径方向変位検出部
280 軸方向変位検出部
300 本体部
Claims (12)
- 円管状の試験片に内圧と管軸方向の応力とを与えて該試験片のひずみを計測する材料試験機において、
前記試験片の管軸方向の有効長中央部における外周面の半径方向の変位を検出する複数の径方向変位検出部と、
前記試験片の有効長中央部における外周面の管軸方向の変位を検出する軸方向変位検出部と、
前記径方向変位検出部及び前記軸方向変位検出部の検出結果に基づいて、前記試験片の有効長中央部における円周方向及び管軸方向ひずみを演算する演算部と
を備え、
前記複数の径方向変位検出部が、前記試験片の管軸周りの互いに異なる方位における変位を検出するように構成された、材料試験機。 - 前記複数の径方向変位検出部が、前記試験片の管軸周りに120°間隔で配置された第1、第2及び第3径方向変位検出部を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の材料試験機。
- 前記複数の径方向変位検出部は、それぞれ前記試験片の有効長中央部における外周面の半径方向の変位を検出する第1変位計を備え、
前記複数の径方向変位検出部の少なくとも一つは、 前記第1変位計に対して前記管軸方向に並べて配置された、前記試験片の外周面の半径方向の変位を検出する第2変位計を備え、
前記演算部は、前記少なくとも一つの径方向変位検出部の前記第1及び第2変位計の検出結果に基づいて、前記試験片の有効長中央部における外周面の管軸方向曲率半径を計算するように構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の材料試験機。 - 前記第1変位計は、先端が前記試験片の外周面に垂直に付き当てられて、前記試験片の外周面の半径方向の変位に従って該半径方向に移動自在に設けられたニードルを備え、該ニードルの移動量を検出することにより、前記試験片の外周面の半径方向の変位を検出するように構成されたことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の材料試験機。
- 前記第1及び第2変位計はそれぞれ、
固定フレームと、
前記固定フレームに対して前記試験片の半径方向にスライド自在に設けられた可動フレームと、
前記可動フレームに取り付けられた胴部と、該胴部の一端から前記試験片の半径方向に伸縮自在に突出する接触子を備えた変位センサと、
を備え、
前記変位センサの接触子の先端が前記固定フレームに設けられた接触子突き当て板に当接されており、
前記ニードルが、長さ方向を前記試験片の半径方向に向け、前記可動フレームの前記試験片と対向する一端から突出するように前記可動フレームに取り付けられている、ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の材料試験機。 - 前記複数の径方向変位検出部及び前記軸方向変位検出部が設けられたセンサユニットを前記材料試験機の装置フレームに対して前記試験片の管軸方向に移動するセンサユニット移動機構を備え、
前記センサユニット移動機構は、
前記装置フレームに対して前記試験片の管軸方向へ移動可能に設けられ、前記試験片の一端を固定する可動チャックを備えた第1可動部と、
前記装置フレームに固定され、前記試験片の他端を固定する固定チャックを備えた固定部と、
前記第1可動部と前記固定部との間に配置され、前記センサユニットを前記装置フレームに対して前記試験片の管軸方向へ移動する第2可動部と、
前記装置フレームに固定され、前記第1可動部を前記所定方向へ駆動するアクチュエータと、
前記装置フレーム、前記第1可動部及び前記第2可動部を連結し、前記第1可動部の移動に応じて前記中央部測定器を前記可動チャックと前記固定チャックの中間点に移動させるリンク機構とを備えた、ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の材料試験機。 - 試験片に所定方向の応力を加えて前記試験片の応答を測定する材料試験機であって、
装置フレームと、
前記装置フレームに対して前記所定方向へ移動可能に設けられ、前記試験片の一端を固定する可動チャックを備えた第1可動部と、
前記装置フレームに固定され、前記試験片の他端を固定する固定チャックを備えた固定部と
前記第1可動部と前記固定部との間に前記装置フレームに対して前記所定方向へ移動可能に設けられ、前記試験片に荷重が加えられているときに試験片の前記所定方向中央部における応答を測定する中央部測定器を備えた第2可動部と、
前記装置フレームに固定され、前記第1可動部を前記所定方向へ駆動するアクチュエータと、
前記装置フレーム、前記第1可動部及び前記第2可動部を連結し、前記第1可動部の移動に応じて前記中央部測定器を前記可動チャックと前記固定チャックの中央に移動させる事により、前記中央部測定器を常に試験片の前記所定方向中央部に位置させるリンク機構と
を備えた材料試験機。 - 前記所定方向へ延びるレールを更に備え、
前記第1可動部は、前記レールと係合する第1ランナーブロックを備え、該レール及び第1ランナーブロックにより前記所定方向にスライド自在に支持され、
前記第2可動部は、前記レールと係合する第2ランナーブロックを備え、該レール及び第2ランナーブロックにより前記所定方向へスライド自在に支持される
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の材料試験機。 - 前記固定部は、
前記試験片に加わる前記所定方向の荷重を測定する荷重センサと、
前記所定方向へ移動自在に前記レールと係合する第3ランナーブロックと
を更に備え、
前記固定チャックは、前記第3ランナーブロック上に配置され、前記荷重センサを介して前記装置フレームに固定される
ことを特徴とする請求項7又は請求項8に記載の材料試験機。 - 前記リンク機構は、
一端が第1ピンを介して前記第1可動部に回転可能に連結された第1リンクと、
一端が第2ピンを介して前記第2可動部に回転可能に連結された第2リンクと、
一端が、前記第2ピンに対して前記第1ピンと反対側に配置された第3ピンを介して、前記装置フレームに回転可能に連結された第3リンクと
を有し、
前記第1リンクの他端と前記第3リンクの他端が第4ピンを介して回転可能に連結され、
前記第2リンクの他端が第5ピンを介して前記第1又は前記第3リンクに回転可能に連結され、
前記第4ピンと前記第1ピンの間隔は前記第4ピンと前記第3ピンの間隔に等しく、
前記第5ピンと前記第2ピンの間隔は前記第5ピンと、前記第1及び前記第3ピンのうち前記第5ピンと同一のリンクを連結するものとの間隔に等しい
ことを特徴とする請求項7から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の材料試験機。 - 前記第1可動部、前記第2可動部及び前記固定部は、それぞれ第1、第2、第3ランナーブロックが下面に取り付けられたベースプレートを備え、
前記可動チャック、前記中央部測定器及び前記固定チャックは、それぞれ各前記ベースプレートの上面に取り付けられて、該ベースプレートの上方に配置され、
前記リンク機構は、各前記ベースプレートの下面に取り付けられて、該ベースプレートの下方に配置されている
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の材料試験機。 - 前記装置フレームは水平面の上面を有する定盤を備え、
前記レールは前記装置フレームの上面に取り付けられ、
前記定盤の一側面側には、中央部は、切り欠かれて、前記レールと近接して平行に延びた底部を有する、水平方向に凹んだ凹部が形成され、
前記第1から第3リンクは、それぞれ前記凹部内に配置される
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の材料試験機。
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CN114441278A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-06 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | 一种飞机用复合材料加筋壁板试验件灌封方法及装置 |
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CN103250039B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
KR101920865B1 (ko) | 2018-11-21 |
KR20140012954A (ko) | 2014-02-04 |
EP2642274A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
JP5838165B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
EP2642274A4 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
CN103250039A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
US8950268B2 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
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US20130247680A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
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