WO2011135805A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011135805A1 WO2011135805A1 PCT/JP2011/002330 JP2011002330W WO2011135805A1 WO 2011135805 A1 WO2011135805 A1 WO 2011135805A1 JP 2011002330 W JP2011002330 W JP 2011002330W WO 2011135805 A1 WO2011135805 A1 WO 2011135805A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- low
- expander
- compressor
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus 700 shown in FIG. 15 is known as a refrigeration cycle apparatus including an expander that recovers power by expanding a refrigerant and a second compressor that preliminarily boosts the refrigerant (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-307358).
- a configuration of a conventional refrigeration cycle apparatus 700 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 700 includes a first compressor 1, a radiator 2, an expander 3, an evaporator 4, a second compressor 5, and a flow that connects these elements in this order.
- a refrigerant circuit 6 formed by the paths 10a to 10e is provided.
- the second compressor 5 is connected to the expander 3 by a power recovery shaft 7 and is driven by receiving the mechanical energy recovered by the expander 3 via the power recovery shaft 7.
- bypass path 8 that bypasses the second compressor 5 and a bypass valve 9 that controls the flow of the refrigerant in the bypass path 8 are provided.
- the upstream end of the bypass path 8 is connected to a flow path 10d that connects the outlet of the evaporator 4 and the suction port of the second compressor 5, and the downstream end of the bypass path 8 is connected to the discharge port of the second compressor 5 and the second outlet.
- Compressor 1 is connected to a flow path 10e connecting the suction port.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 700 is started according to the following procedure. First, the operation of the first compressor 1 is started and the bypass valve 9 is opened. As a result, the refrigerant in the evaporator 4 is sucked into the first compressor 1 through the bypass path 8 as shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. By increasing the pressure of the refrigerant by the first compressor 1 and discharging it, the pressure at the suction port of the expander 3 increases. As a result, as shown in FIG. 16, a pressure difference is generated before and after the expander 3, and the expander 3 and the second compressor 5 can be started quickly.
- bypass valve 9 is closed, and the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 4 passes through the second compressor through the flow path 10d as shown by a one-dot chain arrow in FIG. 5 inhaled.
- the bypass path 8 it can shift to steady operation smoothly.
- the second compressor 5 is a load when starting the expander 3. That is, the friction between the component parts of the second compressor 5 and the power recovery shaft 7 becomes the drive resistance of the expander 3.
- the second compressor 5 and the expander 3 form a single-pass refrigerant circuit 6, and their rotational speed is a common power recovery shaft. 7 are the same because they are linked together. Accordingly, the volume and expansion of the second compressor 5 are set so that the mass of the refrigerant to be sucked by the second compressor 5 per unit time is equal to the mass of the refrigerant to be sucked by the expander 3 per unit time. The volume of the machine 3 must be set.
- FIG. 17 is an example of a Mollier diagram when carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant in the conventional refrigeration cycle apparatus 700.
- the pressure of the refrigerant sucked by the second compressor 5 is 40 kg / cm 2 and the temperature is about 10 ° C. (in FIG. ), And the density of the refrigerant at this time is 108.0 kg / m 3 .
- the refrigerant sucked by the expander 3 has a pressure of 100 kg / cm 2 and a temperature of 40 ° C. (point C in FIG. 17), and the refrigerant density at this time is 628.61 kg / m 3 .
- the suction volume (m 3 ) of the second compressor 5 is Vc
- the suction volume (m 3 ) of the expander 3 is Ve
- the rotational speed (S ⁇ 1 ) of the power recovery shaft 7 per second is N.
- the mass (kg / s) of the refrigerant that can be sucked in by the second compressor 5 per second and the mass (kg / s) of the refrigerant that can be sucked in by the expander 3 per second are (Equation 1) and (Expression 2).
- the expander 3 when the refrigeration cycle apparatus 700 is started, the expander 3 must drive the second compressor 5 having a suction volume approximately 5.8 times that of the expander 3. Further, when the ratio of the density of the refrigerant to be sucked by the second compressor 5 and the density of the refrigerant to be sucked by the expander 3 becomes larger, the suction volume of the second compressor 5 and the suction volume of the expander 3 are increased. And the ratio becomes larger. That is, the suction volume of the expander 3 is smaller than the suction volume of the second compressor 5, and the drive resistance of the expander 3 when the second compressor 5 is started is relatively large. Therefore, depending on the operating conditions of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 700, the expander 3 may not be able to drive the second compressor 5 during startup.
- This invention solves said subject and aims at providing the refrigerating-cycle apparatus which can start reliably and stably.
- the present invention A low-pressure compressor that compresses the refrigerant; a high-pressure compressor that further compresses the refrigerant compressed by the low-pressure compressor; a radiator that cools the refrigerant compressed by the high-pressure compressor; and the radiator
- An expansion machine connected to the low-pressure stage compressor by a shaft so that the recovered power is transmitted to the low-pressure stage compressor, and the expansion machine
- a main refrigerant circuit comprising: a gas-liquid separator that separates the expanded refrigerant into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant; and an evaporator that evaporates the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator; An injection flow path for guiding the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator to a portion of the main refrigerant circuit from the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor to the suction port of the high-pressure stage compressor; A portion of the main refrigerant circuit from the discharge port of the high-pressure stage compressor to the suction port of the
- the present invention provides: A low-pressure compressor that compresses the refrigerant; a high-pressure compressor that further compresses the refrigerant compressed by the low-pressure compressor; a radiator that cools the refrigerant compressed by the high-pressure compressor; and the radiator An expansion machine connected to the low-pressure stage compressor by a shaft so that the recovered power is transmitted to the low-pressure stage compressor, and the expansion machine A gas-liquid separator that separates the expanded refrigerant into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant, an evaporator that evaporates the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator, and a gap between the gas-liquid separator and the evaporator A main refrigerant circuit having an expansion valve provided on the flow path; An injection flow path for guiding the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator to a portion of the main refrigerant circuit from the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor to the suction port of the high-pressure stage compressor; The expansion valve is activate
- the high-pressure stage compressor can suck the refrigerant in the evaporator and the gas-liquid separator through the injection flow path. Thereby, the pressure on the high-pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit can be quickly increased.
- the main refrigerant circuit section from the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor to the suction port of the high-pressure stage compressor is connected to the gas-liquid separator via the injection flow path, so the pressure at the discharge port of the expander is compressed to the high pressure stage.
- the pressure at the inlet of the machine can be matched.
- the pressure at the inlet of the expander is usually equal to the pressure on the high pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit.
- the pressure at the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor can be matched with the pressure on the high-pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit by the action of the flow path switching mechanism and the high pressure introduction flow path.
- the pressure at the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor is usually equal to the pressure at the suction port of the high-pressure compressor.
- a pressure difference can be generated not only before and after the expander but also before and after the low-pressure compressor. Therefore, the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention can be reliably and stably started regardless of operating conditions.
- the high-pressure compressor can suck the refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator through the injection flow path. Thereby, the pressure on the high-pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit can be quickly increased.
- the main refrigerant circuit section from the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor to the suction port of the high-pressure stage compressor is connected to the gas-liquid separator via the injection flow path, so the pressure at the discharge port of the expander is compressed to the high pressure stage.
- the pressure at the inlet of the machine can be matched.
- the pressure at the inlet of the expander is usually equal to the pressure on the high pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit.
- the flow path before and after the expansion valve can be divided by fully closing the expansion valve. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the pressure at the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor from becoming equal to the pressure at the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor via the injection flow path. As a result, the pressure at the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor can be maintained at the pressure (intermediate pressure) in the main refrigerant circuit before the high-pressure stage compressor is driven.
- the pressure at the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor is usually equal to the pressure at the suction port of the high-pressure compressor.
- a pressure difference can be generated not only before and after the expander but also before and after the low-pressure compressor. Therefore, the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention can be reliably and stably started regardless of operating conditions.
- Configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Flow chart of start-up control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus in Embodiment 1 of the present invention Configuration diagram of refrigeration cycle apparatus in Modification 1
- Configuration diagram of refrigeration cycle apparatus in Modification 2 Schematic which shows the state at the time of starting of the refrigerating cycle device of Embodiment 1, modification 1 and modification 2 Power recovery system configuration diagram
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 includes a high-pressure stage compressor 101, a radiator 102, an expander 103, a gas-liquid separator 108, an evaporator 104, and a low-pressure stage compressor 105.
- a main refrigerant circuit 106 formed by sequentially connecting the flow paths 106a to 106f is provided.
- Each of the flow paths 106a to 106f is composed of a refrigerant pipe.
- An expansion valve 110 is provided on the flow path 106 d between the gas-liquid separator 108 and the evaporator 104.
- a check valve 132 is provided on the flow path 106 e between the evaporator 104 and the low-pressure compressor 105.
- the flow path 106f that connects the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 and the suction port of the high-pressure stage compressor 101 is also referred to as an “intermediate pressure flow path 106f”.
- the high-pressure compressor 101 includes a compression mechanism unit 101a and a motor 101b that drives the compression mechanism unit 101a, and compresses the refrigerant to high temperature and high pressure.
- a positive displacement compressor such as a scroll compressor or a rotary compressor can be used.
- the discharge port of the high-pressure compressor 101 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 102 through the flow path 106a.
- the radiator 102 dissipates (cools) the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the high-pressure compressor 101 by heat exchange with an external heat source.
- the outlet of the radiator 102 is connected to the inlet of the expander 103 via the flow path 106b.
- the expander 103 converts the expansion energy (power) of the refrigerant into mechanical energy and recovers it while expanding the medium temperature and high pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the radiator 102.
- the discharge port of the expander 103 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 108 via the flow path 106c.
- a positive displacement expander such as a scroll expander or a rotary expander can be used.
- a fluid pressure motor type expander can be used as the expander 103.
- a fluid pressure motor type expander recovers power from a refrigerant by continuously performing a step of sucking the refrigerant and a step of discharging the sucked refrigerant without performing a substantial expansion step in the working chamber. It is a positive displacement fluid machine.
- the detailed structure and operating principle of the fluid pressure motor type expander are disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. 2008/050654.
- the gas-liquid separator 108 plays a role of separating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant expanded by the expander 103 into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant. According to the gas-liquid separator 108, it is possible to prevent a large amount of liquid refrigerant from being sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101 when the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is started.
- the gas refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator 108 is connected to the flow path 106 f via the injection flow path 111.
- the liquid refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator 108 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 104 via a flow path 106 d provided with an expansion valve 110.
- the expansion valve 110 plays a role of adjusting the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant flowing to the evaporator 104 during steady operation. Therefore, as the expansion valve 110, it is preferable to use a valve, typically an electric expansion valve, that can change the opening degree in a stepwise manner and has an ability to expand the refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 110 is fully opened or substantially fully opened. Thereby, the high-pressure compressor 101 can smoothly suck the refrigerant in the evaporator 104.
- the evaporator 104 evaporates the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 108 by exchanging heat with an external heat source.
- the outlet of the evaporator 104 is connected to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 through a flow path 106e provided with a check valve 132.
- the low-pressure stage compressor 105 sucks the medium-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flowing out from the evaporator 104, preliminarily increases the pressure, and then discharges it to the intermediate pressure flow path 106f.
- the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is connected to the suction port of the high-pressure stage compressor 101 via the intermediate pressure flow path 106f.
- a positive displacement compressor such as a scroll compressor or a rotary compressor can be used.
- a fluid pressure motor type compressor can be used as the low pressure stage compressor 105.
- the fluid pressure motor compressor is a volume that boosts the refrigerant by substantially continuously performing the step of sucking the refrigerant from the evaporator 104 and the step of discharging the sucked refrigerant to the high-pressure compressor 101.
- Type fluid machine In other words, the fluid pressure motor type compressor means a fluid machine that does not substantially change the volume of the refrigerant in the working chamber.
- the structure of the fluid pressure motor type compressor is basically the same as the structure of the fluid pressure motor type expander, and is disclosed in detail in the previous document.
- the expander 103 is connected to the low-pressure compressor 105 by a power recovery shaft 107.
- Mechanical energy (power) recovered by the expander 103 can be transmitted to the low-pressure stage compressor 105 via the power recovery shaft 107. That is, the expander 103, the low-pressure compressor 105, and the power recovery shaft 107 function as a power recovery system 109 that recovers power from the refrigerant.
- the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 are housed together with the power recovery shaft 107 in a single sealed container 109 a that stores lubricating oil. Therefore, no special seal structure is required.
- the low-pressure compressor 105 has a volume larger than that of the expander 103.
- the ratio (Vc / Ve) of the volume Vc of the low-pressure compressor 105 to the volume Ve of the expander 103 is set in the range of 5 to 15, for example.
- the ratio (Vc / Ve) is set in the range of 30 to 40, for example.
- the ratio (Vc / Ve) tends to increase.
- the larger the ratio (Vc / Ve) the greater the driving force (torque) required to start the low-pressure compressor 105 and the expander 103 independently.
- the “volume of the low-pressure compressor 105” means the confined volume, that is, the volume of the working chamber when the suction process is completed. The same applies to the expander 103.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 further includes a high-pressure introduction channel 130 and an on-off valve 131.
- the high-pressure introduction channel 130 is connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to connect the channel 106a and the channel 106e.
- the on-off valve 131 is provided in the high pressure introduction flow path 130 and controls the flow of the refrigerant in the high pressure introduction flow path 130.
- the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 has an upstream end E 1 (one end) connected to the flow path 106a and a downstream end E 2 (other end) connected to the flow path 106e. That is, the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 is a flow path that can directly guide the refrigerant in the flow path 106 a to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 before the power recovery shaft 107 rotates.
- the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 is typically composed of a refrigerant pipe.
- the position of the upstream end E 1 is not limited to the position shown in FIG. That is, the portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the discharge port of the high-pressure stage compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103, and the portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the outlet of the evaporator 104 to the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 ,
- the position of the upstream end E 1 is not particularly limited.
- the high-pressure introduction channel 130 may be connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to connect the channel 106b and the channel 106e.
- the high-pressure introduction channel 130 may be branched from the radiator 102. For example, when the radiator 102 is configured by an upstream portion and a downstream portion, the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 can be easily branched from between the two portions.
- the density of the refrigerant in the channel 106a is smaller than the density of the refrigerant in the channel 106b.
- the refrigerant is in a gas phase in the channel 106a.
- the on-off valve 131 and the check valve 132 constitute a flow path switching mechanism that can selectively connect one selected from the evaporator 104 and the high pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low pressure stage compressor 105.
- the refrigerant is supplied from one selected from the evaporator 104 and the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low-pressure stage compressor 105.
- the check valve 132 is provided in a portion (flow path 106 e) of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the outlet of the evaporator 104 to the downstream end E 2 of the high pressure introduction flow path 130.
- the on-off valve 131 is closed during steady operation and is opened when the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is started.
- the on-off valve 131 is opened, the refrigerant in the channel 106 a can be directly supplied to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 via the high-pressure introduction channel 130.
- the check valve 132 can block the flow of the refrigerant from the high pressure introduction flow path 130 toward the evaporator 104.
- the on-off valve 131 when the on-off valve 131 is closed, the refrigerant can be supplied from the evaporator 104 to the low-pressure stage compressor 105 while prohibiting the flow of the refrigerant from the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low-pressure stage compressor 105.
- the check valve 132 has the advantage of not requiring electrical control. Of course, the check valve 132 can be replaced with a valve that can be arbitrarily opened and closed.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 further includes an injection flow path 111 and an injection amount adjustment valve 112.
- the injection flow path 111 is a portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 (intermediate pressure flow path) for the gas refrigerant separated from the liquid refrigerant by the gas-liquid separator 108 from the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105 to the suction port of the high-pressure compressor 101. 106f).
- the injection flow path 111 is connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to connect the gas refrigerant outlet of the gas-liquid separator 108 and the intermediate pressure flow path 106f.
- the injection flow rate adjusting valve 112 is provided in the injection flow path 111 and controls the flow of the refrigerant in the injection flow path 111.
- the injection flow path 111 is typically composed of a refrigerant pipe.
- a valve typically an electric expansion valve, which can change the opening degree stepwise and has the ability to expand the refrigerant.
- the injection flow rate adjusting valve 112 plays a role of adjusting the flow rate of the gas refrigerant to be injected into the intermediate pressure flow path 106f during steady operation.
- the opening degree of the injection flow rate adjustment valve 112 is fully opened or substantially fully opened.
- the high-pressure compressor 101 can suck the refrigerant present in the flow path 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, the flow path 106d, and the evaporator 104. Thereby, the pressure on the high pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit 106 can be quickly increased.
- the gas-liquid separator 108 since the gas-liquid separator 108 is provided, a sufficient amount of refrigerant can be accumulated between the discharge port of the expander 103 and the check valve 132 when stopped. *
- gas refrigerant can be supplied from the gas-liquid separator 108 to the intermediate pressure flow path 106f through the injection flow path 111 so that the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is improved.
- the respective opening degrees of the expansion valve 110 and the injection flow rate adjusting valve 112 it is possible to prevent the reverse flow of the refrigerant from the intermediate pressure channel 106f to the gas-liquid separator 108, and from the gas-liquid separator 108 to the intermediate pressure channel. The inflow of liquid refrigerant to 106f can be prevented.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 further includes a controller 117.
- the expansion valve 110, the injection flow rate adjustment valve 112, and the on-off valve 131 are controlled by the controller 117.
- the controller 117 is typically composed of a microcomputer. When a command to start the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is given to the controller 117 from an input device (not shown), a predetermined control program stored in the internal memory of the controller 117 is executed. Specifically, the controller 117 executes predetermined activation control described later with reference to FIG. The controller 117 also controls the operation of the motor 101b that operates the high-pressure compressor 101.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 further includes an activation detector 119 for detecting the activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105.
- the controller 117 switches the control of the on-off valve 131 (flow path switching mechanism) from the control before startup to the control after startup based on the detection result of the startup detector 119. Specifically, before the expansion machine 103 and the low-pressure stage compressor 105 are started, the on-off valve 131 is opened so that the refrigerant is guided from the high-pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low-pressure stage compressor 105. After starting the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105, the on-off valve 131 is closed so that the refrigerant is guided from the evaporator 104 to the low-pressure compressor 105. For example, the controller 117 closes the on-off valve 131 in response to acquiring a signal indicating that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 has started from the start detector 119. In this way, it is possible to smoothly shift to normal control.
- the activation detector 119 a temperature detector, a pressure detector, or the like can be used.
- the activation detector 119 as a temperature detector includes a temperature detection element such as a thermocouple or a thermistor, for example, and the difference between the refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the expander 103 and the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the expander 103. ⁇ T is detected.
- the activation detector 119 as a pressure detector includes a piezoelectric element, for example, and detects a difference ⁇ P between the refrigerant pressure at the suction port of the expander 103 and the refrigerant pressure at the discharge port of the expander 103.
- the activation detector 119 may include a timer that measures an elapsed time since the activation of the high-pressure compressor 101. Such a timer can also be provided by the function of the controller 117. In this case, the controller 117 itself can serve as the activation detector 119. Furthermore, a contact-type or non-contact-type displacement sensor that detects the drive of the power recovery shaft 107, for example, an encoder, may be provided as the activation detector 119.
- the method for determining whether or not the power recovery system 109 is activated differs as follows. According to the method described below, activation of the power recovery system 109 can be easily detected.
- a threshold value P th obtained experimentally or theoretically is preset in the controller 117.
- a value obtained by subtracting the current pressure difference ⁇ P n + 1 detected by the pressure detector from the pressure difference ⁇ P n (n: natural number) detected by the pressure detector at a time point that is a unit time backward is a predetermined threshold value P th .
- P th a predetermined threshold value
- the pressure difference ⁇ P temporarily decreases and becomes smaller than that immediately before the start of the expander 103.
- the pressure difference ⁇ P is detected every unit time and stored in the memory of the controller 117.
- the pressure difference ⁇ P n stored in the memory in the latest past is compared with the current pressure difference ⁇ P n + 1 .
- the current pressure difference ⁇ P n + 1 greatly falls below the most recent past pressure difference ⁇ P n , it can be determined that the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 has started.
- the “unit time” can be arbitrarily set within a time sufficient to catch a rapid decrease in the pressure difference ⁇ P, for example, in the range of 1 to 5 seconds.
- thermo difference ⁇ T instead of the pressure difference ⁇ P. That is, a value obtained by subtracting the current temperature difference ⁇ T n + 1 detected by the temperature detector from the temperature difference ⁇ T n (n: natural number) detected by the temperature detector at a time point that goes back the unit time is a predetermined threshold T. When it exceeds th , activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is detected.
- the activation of the power recovery system 109 can be detected based on the discharge temperature of the expander 103 or the discharge pressure of the expander 103.
- the expander 103 also rotates.
- the expander 103 inhales the refrigerant, and then expands and discharges the inhaled refrigerant. Therefore, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the expander 103 are lower than before the suction.
- monitoring the temperature (or pressure) at the discharge port of the expander 103 in time series it can be determined that the power recovery system 109 has been activated by capturing a sudden change in temperature (or pressure).
- the start of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 may be detected by the method described below.
- the method described below determines whether the power recovery system 109 is ready to continue operation, rather than capturing the start-up of the expander 103 or low-pressure compressor 105.
- the activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is detected by the method described below, and the control of the on-off valve 131 (flow path switching mechanism) is changed from the control before activation to the control after activation according to the detection result. And can be switched. In this way, the power recovery system 109 continues to operate stably even after the on-off valve 131 is closed.
- thresholds T 1 determined experimentally or theoretically is preset in the controller 117.
- T 1 the temperature difference ⁇ T detected by the temperature detector exceeds the threshold value T 1
- activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is detected.
- threshold P 1 obtained experimentally or theoretically is preset in the controller 117.
- P 1 a predetermined threshold value
- the reason why the start-up of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 can be detected by comparing the temperature difference ⁇ T with the threshold T 1 or comparing the pressure difference ⁇ P with the threshold P 1 is as follows.
- the high-pressure stage compressor 101 When the high-pressure stage compressor 101 is started, the refrigerant discharged from the high-pressure stage compressor 101 is supplied to the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 through the high-pressure introduction flow path 130.
- the power recovery system 109 is activated.
- the low-pressure compressor 105 serves as a drive source, the power recovery system 109 rotates before a large temperature difference occurs between the suction temperature of the high-pressure compressor 101 and the discharge temperature of the high-pressure compressor 101. start.
- the pressure difference of the cycle is not sufficiently large, and the power for rotating the power recovery system 109 is small. Therefore, the rotational speed of the power recovery system 109 is also low.
- the rotational speed of the power recovery system 109 is low, the rotational speed of the expander 103 is also low. This state corresponds to the “squeezed state” as referred to by the expansion valve. Accordingly, the discharge temperature and discharge pressure of the high-pressure compressor 101 also gradually increase.
- the power for rotating the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 is also increased, and the rotational speed of the power recovery system 109 is increased. And if it becomes high rotation speed, the power recovery system 109 will rotate stably under the influence of an inertial force. It is desirable to keep the on-off valve 131 open until such a stable rotation state.
- the intake temperature of the expander 103 gradually increases from substantially the same temperature as the outside air temperature at the time of stop.
- the discharge temperature (or discharge pressure) of the expander 103 is determined by the suction temperature (or suction pressure) of the expander 103.
- the refrigerant is carbon dioxide.
- the suction temperature of the expander 103 and the discharge temperature of the expander 103 gradually increase as described above.
- the difference between the suction temperature and the discharge temperature also gradually increases.
- the activation of the power recovery system 109 is detected by setting appropriate values as the threshold T 1 and the threshold P 1 , for example, values slightly larger than the temperature difference and pressure difference at which the power recovery system 109 is predicted to start. it can.
- the timer As the activation detector 119, for example, empirically or threshold time t 1 which is theoretically required is preset in the controller 117. When the time t measured by the timer exceeds the threshold time t 1 , activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is detected.
- the “threshold time t 1 ” is described in the activation control program to be executed by the controller 117.
- the time from when the high-pressure stage compressor 101 is started to when the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is started is actually measured under various operating conditions (outside air temperature or the like). In all operating conditions, a time during which it can be determined that the low-pressure compressor 105 is reliably started can be set as the “threshold time t 1 ”.
- a model of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is constructed, and a pressure difference necessary and sufficient for starting the power recovery system 109 is estimated by computer simulation.
- the initial operation time required to create the estimated pressure difference is calculated.
- the calculated initial movement time can be set as “threshold time t 1 ”.
- the method for detecting the activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is not limited to one, and a plurality of methods can be combined.
- the activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is accurately captured by a method of monitoring the pressure difference ⁇ P and / or the temperature difference ⁇ T between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103.
- the power recovery system 109 operates in a method of comparing the temperature difference ⁇ T with the threshold value T 1 , a method of comparing the pressure difference ⁇ P with the threshold value P 1 , or a method of comparing the elapsed time t with the threshold time t 1. Determine if you can continue. When these multiple conditions are satisfied, it is determined that the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 has started, and the on-off valve 131 is closed.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the start-up control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 starts steady operation after executing the startup control shown in FIG. In the standby state, the high-pressure compressor 101 is stopped, the expansion valve 110 is open, and the refrigerant pressure in the main refrigerant circuit 106 is substantially uniform.
- step S11 When an activation command is input in step S11, the controller 117 transmits a control signal to the actuators of these valves 110 and 112 so that the expansion valve 110 and the injection flow rate adjustment valve 112 are fully opened (step S12). Further, a control signal is transmitted to the actuator of the on-off valve 131 so as to open the on-off valve 131 (step S13). Thereby, the high pressure introduction flow path 130 is opened.
- the controller 117 starts power supply to the motor 101b to start the high-pressure compressor 101 (step S14).
- the high-pressure compressor 101 is started, and the intermediate pressure channel 106f, the injection channel 111, the channel 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, the channel 106d, the evaporator 104, and a part of the channel 106e (evaporation)
- the refrigerant existing in the portion between the compressor 104 and the check valve 132 is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101.
- the opening / closing 131 may be opened in response to the start-up of the high-pressure stage compressor 101.
- a fan or a pump for flowing a fluid (air or water) to be exchanged with the refrigerant to the radiator 102 is activated.
- pressure of a cycle can be prevented.
- the fan or pump of the evaporator 104 is activated in response to the activation of the high-pressure compressor 101.
- the gas refrigerant to be sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101 is efficiently generated.
- the pressure at each suction port of the expander 103 and the low-pressure stage compressor 105 becomes relatively high, and the pressure at each discharge port of the expander 103 and the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is increased. Relatively low. That is, a pressure difference can be generated not only between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103 but also between the suction port and the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105. Since the refrigerant pressure difference acts on each of the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105, the power recovery system 109 can be easily activated independently. Since the injection flow path 111 and the gas-liquid separator 108 are provided, the high-pressure compressor 101 can suck a sufficient amount of refrigerant to cause a high pressure difference.
- the controller 117 transmits a control signal to the actuator of the on-off valve 131 so as to close the on-off valve 131 (step S16) when detecting that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 has been activated through the activation detector 119 (step S15).
- step S16 the back pressure acting on the check valve 132 is eliminated, and the refrigerant is supplied from the evaporator 104 to the low pressure compressor 105 through the flow path 106e.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant decompressed by the expander 103 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 108.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 110 and the injection flow rate adjusting valve 112 is adjusted so that excessive liquid refrigerant is not supplied to the high-pressure compressor 101 through the injection flow path 111 and the flow path 106f (step S17).
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 shifts to a steady operation in which the main refrigerant circuit 106 circulates the refrigerant.
- the rotational speed of the high-pressure compressor 101 is gradually decreased.
- the refrigerant moves through the high-pressure stage compressor 101, the expander 103, and the low-pressure stage compressor 105 with sufficient time. Therefore, the pressure difference in the main refrigerant circuit 106 is naturally eliminated, and the pressure in the main refrigerant circuit 106 becomes substantially uniform and stable. As a result, the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 also stop naturally.
- the high-pressure compressor 101 can suck and compress the refrigerant in the evaporator 104 and the gas-liquid separator 108. Therefore, the pressure in the flow path from the discharge port of the high-pressure compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 can be quickly increased. Since a large pressure difference is generated between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103, the power recovery system 109 starts smoothly and independently.
- each of the low-pressure compressor 105 and the expander 103 has a constant suction volume.
- the power recovery system 109 is caused to generate a pressure difference between the suction port and the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105. Start more smoothly.
- the controller 117 stops the high-pressure compressor 101 and executes control for starting the power recovery system 109 again. In this way, it is possible to prevent the pressure in the flow path from the discharge port of the high-pressure compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 from rising excessively. It is possible to prevent an excessive pressure difference from occurring before and after the expander 103 and thereby damage the parts of the expander 103. Thereby, the reliability of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is improved.
- the radiator 102 is connected to the suction port of the expander 103
- the evaporator 104 is connected to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105
- the gas-liquid separator 108 is connected to the discharge port of the expander 103.
- the gas-liquid separator 108 is also connected to the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105 via the injection flow path 111. Since the volumes of the radiator 102, the evaporator 104, and the gas-liquid separator 108 are relatively large, they can function as a refrigerant buffer space when the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is started. Thereby, the effect which suppresses the pressure pulsation at the time of starting is acquired.
- refrigerant working fluid
- a fluorine refrigerant such as R410A
- a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide
- a low GWP (Global Warming Potent) refrigerant such as R1234yf
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 in the first modification.
- the flow path switching mechanism includes a three-way valve 133.
- a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater 140 and a current detector 141 are used.
- a bypass channel 201 and a bypass valve 202 are provided.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the common parts as in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the three-way valve 133 as the flow path switching mechanism includes a first state in which the refrigerant is guided from the evaporator 104 to the low pressure stage compressor 105, and a second state in which the refrigerant is guided from the high pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low pressure stage compressor 105.
- a first state in which the refrigerant is guided from the evaporator 104 to the low pressure stage compressor 105
- a second state in which the refrigerant is guided from the high pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low pressure stage compressor 105.
- the first state the refrigerant flow from the high pressure introduction flow path 130 to the low pressure stage compressor 105 is blocked.
- the second state the refrigerant flow from the evaporator 104 to the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is interrupted.
- the on-off valve 131 and the check valve 132 in the first embodiment can be replaced with the three-way valve 133. According to the three-way valve 133, an increase in the number of parts can be suppressed.
- the bypass channel 201 is connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to bypass the expander 103.
- the upstream end E 3 of the bypass flow path 201 is located in the flow path 106b, and the downstream end E 4 is located in the flow path 106c.
- the bypass valve 202 is provided in the bypass channel 201.
- the bypass channel 201 is typically configured by a refrigerant pipe.
- As the bypass valve 202 it is preferable to use a valve capable of changing the opening degree in a stepwise manner and capable of expanding the refrigerant, typically an electric expansion valve.
- the current detector 141 detects the magnitude of the current flowing through the PTC heater 140.
- the PTC heater 140 is provided in a portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the outlet of the radiator 102 to the suction port of the expander 103, that is, the flow path 106b. Specifically, the PTC heater 140 is located on the expander 103 side as viewed from the upstream end E 3 of the bypass flow path 201. If the PTC heater 140 is provided at such a position, the PTC heater 140 is not easily affected by the flow of the refrigerant to the bypass circuit 201, so that the inflow of the refrigerant to the expander 103 can be accurately detected.
- the threshold value ⁇ I 1 obtained experimentally or theoretically is preset in the controller 117.
- the power recovery system 109 is activated, the refrigerant starts to flow also at the suction port of the expander 103. Then, the magnitude of the current also suddenly changes due to the temperature change (temperature decrease) of the PTC heater 140.
- the change amount per unit time of the current flowing through the PTC heater 140 can be set in advance as the threshold value ⁇ I 1 so that this change can be captured.
- the “unit time” can be arbitrarily set in the range of 1 to 5 seconds, for example.
- the amount of change per unit time of the current flowing through the PTC heater 140 is calculated by the current detector 141, when the calculated amount of change exceeds the threshold value [Delta] I 1, activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is detected Is done.
- the PTC heater 140 and the current detector 141 can be used in other embodiments and modifications.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of activation control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200.
- the controller 117 opens these valves 110, 112, and 202 so that the expansion valve 110 and the injection flow rate adjustment valve 112 are fully opened and the bypass valve 202 is set to a predetermined opening degree.
- a control signal is transmitted to the actuator (step S22).
- the “predetermined opening degree of the bypass valve 202” is within a range in which the pressure difference between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103 can be maintained at a size necessary for starting the expander 103. It means opening. This “predetermined opening degree” can be obtained experimentally or theoretically.
- the bypass valve 202 is slightly opened so that the pressure difference before and after the expander 103 does not become too small.
- the three-way valve 133 is controlled to connect the low-pressure compressor 105 and the high-pressure introduction passage 130 (step S23).
- the controller 117 starts power supply to the motor 101b to start the high-pressure compressor 101 (step S24).
- the high-pressure compressor 101 is started, and the intermediate pressure channel 106f, the injection channel 111, the channel 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, the channel 106d, the evaporator 104, and a part of the channel 106e (evaporation)
- the refrigerant existing in the portion between the compressor 104 and the three-way valve 133 is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101.
- the pressures at the suction ports of the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 are relatively set as described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG.
- the pressure at each discharge port of the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 becomes relatively low.
- the power recovery system 109 starts smoothly and independently.
- step S25 When the controller 117 detects that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is started up through the start-up detector 119 (step S25), the controller 117 controls the three-way valve 133 so as to connect the low-pressure stage compressor 105 and the evaporator 104 (step S25). S26). As a result, the refrigerant is supplied from the evaporator 104 to the low-pressure compressor 105 through the flow path 106e. Moreover, the opening degree of the expansion valve 110 and the injection flow rate adjusting valve 112 is adjusted for the same reason as in the first embodiment (step S27). Further, the bypass valve 202 is closed. Then, it shifts to steady operation.
- the controller 117 generates a pressure difference necessary for starting the expander 103 between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103 before the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 are started.
- the bypass valve 202 is opened at an opening within a possible range. That is, activation of the power recovery system 109 is attempted with the bypass valve 202 slightly opened.
- the controller 117 closes the bypass valve 202 after starting the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105. Thereby, immediately after the power recovery system 109 is activated, it is possible to prevent the pressure difference before and after the expander 103 from rapidly decreasing. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly shift to the steady operation while sufficiently securing the driving force for continuing the operation of the power recovery system 109.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 300 in the second modification. As shown in FIG. 5, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 300 is different from the first embodiment in that a temperature detector that detects the temperature of the refrigerant at the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105 is used as the activation detector 119. . In the present modification, the same reference numerals are given to the common parts as in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a threshold T 2 determined experimentally or theoretically is preset in the controller 117.
- T 2 the value obtained by subtracting the temperature detected by the temperature detector at a time point that is a unit time backward from the current temperature detected by the temperature detector exceeds a predetermined threshold T 2 , the expander 103 or the low-pressure stage compressor 105. The activation of is detected.
- the temperature of the refrigerant at the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105 is low during the period after the high-pressure compressor 101 is started and before the expander 103 is started.
- the temperature of the refrigerant at the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 rapidly increases.
- the temperature change of the refrigerant at the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105 is, for example, around 10 ° C. By capturing this temperature change, activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 can be detected.
- the temperature T of the refrigerant at the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105 is detected every unit time and stored in the memory of the controller 117. Then, the temperature T n (n: natural number) stored in the memory in the latest past is compared with the current temperature T n + 1 .
- the current temperature T n + 1 greatly exceeds the latest past temperature T n , in other words, when (T n + 1 ⁇ T n )> T 2 is satisfied, the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 Can be determined to have started.
- the “unit time” can be arbitrarily set within a time sufficient to catch a rapid decrease in the temperature T, for example, in the range of 1 to 5 seconds.
- the low-pressure stage compressor 105 When the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is started, high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant from the high-pressure introduction passage 130 is sucked into the low-pressure stage compressor 105. Since the pressure in the flow path 106f is low, the low-pressure compressor 105 temporarily functions as an expander. The refrigerant expanded by the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is discharged into the flow path 106f. The refrigerant compressed by the high-pressure compressor 101 and expanded again by the low-pressure compressor 105 acquires an enthalpy corresponding to a loss generated in each of the high-pressure compressor 101 and the low-pressure compressor 105.
- the temperature of the refrigerant rises by an amount corresponding to the increase in the enthalpy of the refrigerant.
- Temperature detector by comparing the temperature rise with the threshold T 2, detects that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is started.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 is different from the first embodiment in that the high-pressure introduction flow path 130, the on-off valve 131, and the check valve 132 are omitted. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- activation control different from that in the first embodiment is performed. That is, when starting the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400, the expansion valve 110 is fully closed. Thereby, the pressure at the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is maintained at the pressure in the standby state (before the high-pressure stage compressor 101 is started). When the high-pressure compressor 101 is started, a pressure difference is generated between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103. Similarly, a pressure difference is generated between the suction port and the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105. As a result, the power recovery system 109 is activated.
- the opening of the injection flow rate adjustment valve 112 is fully opened or substantially fully opened.
- the high-pressure compressor 101 can suck the refrigerant existing in a part of the flow path 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, and the flow path 106d. Thereby, the pressure on the high pressure side of the main refrigerant circuit 106 can be quickly increased.
- the gas-liquid separator 108 since the gas-liquid separator 108 is provided, a sufficient amount of refrigerant can be stored between the discharge port of the expander 103 and the expansion valve 110 when stopped.
- the controller 117 controls the expansion valve 110 based on the detection result of the activation detector 119. Specifically, the expansion valve 110 is fully closed when the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 is started. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the pressure at the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 from becoming equal to the pressure at the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105 via the injection flow path 111.
- the controller 117 opens the expansion valve 110. For example, the controller 117 fully opens the expansion valve 110 in response to obtaining a signal indicating that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 has been activated from the activation detector 119.
- the activation of the power recovery system 109 can be detected by the method described in the first embodiment.
- the control of the expansion valve 110 can be switched from the control before starting to the control after starting. In this way, the power recovery system 109 continues to operate stably even after the expansion valve 110 is opened.
- the activation detector 119 further includes a part of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the expansion valve 110 to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 (a part of the flow path 106d, the evaporator 104, the flow path 106e).
- a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant in can be used. In this case, the temperature detected by the temperature detector in the standby state (before the activation of the high-pressure stage compressor 101), if the difference between the current temperature detected by the temperature detector exceeds a predetermined threshold value T 0 The activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is detected.
- a temperature detector that detects the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator 104 can be used as the activation detector 119.
- a pressure detector that detects the pressure of the refrigerant in the portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the expansion valve 110 to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 can be used as the activation detector 119.
- the difference between the pressure detected by the pressure detector in the standby state and the current pressure detected by the pressure detector exceeds a predetermined threshold value P 0 , the start-up of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is started. Detected.
- the low-pressure compressor 105 When the power recovery system 109 is activated, the low-pressure compressor 105 sucks the refrigerant present in the evaporator 104. Thereby, the temperature and pressure in the evaporator 104 are reduced.
- An optimum threshold value T 0 or threshold value P 0 is found by an experimental or theoretical method, and is preset in the controller 117.
- the activation of the power recovery system 109 can be detected by comparing the temperature change in the flow path (low pressure side flow path) from the expansion valve 110 to the suction port of the low pressure stage compressor 105 with the threshold value T 0 .
- the activation of the power recovery system 109 can be detected by comparing the pressure change in the low-pressure channel with the threshold value P 0 .
- the method for detecting activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 is not limited to one, and a plurality of methods can be combined.
- the activation of the expander 103 or the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is accurately captured by a method of monitoring the refrigerant temperature or pressure in the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the expansion valve 110 to the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105.
- the power recovery system 109 operates in a method of comparing the temperature difference ⁇ T with the threshold value T 1 , a method of comparing the pressure difference ⁇ P with the threshold value P 1 , or a method of comparing the elapsed time t with the threshold time t 1. Determine if you can continue. When these multiple conditions are satisfied, it is determined that the expander 103 or the low-pressure compressor 105 has started, and the expansion valve 110 is opened.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of activation control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 starts steady operation after executing the startup control shown in FIG. In the standby state, the high-pressure compressor 101 is stopped, the expansion valve 110 and the injection valve 112 are open, and the refrigerant pressure in the main refrigerant circuit 106 is substantially uniform.
- step ST11 When an activation command is input in step ST11, the controller 117 transmits a control signal to the actuator of the expansion valve 110 so as to close (fully close) the expansion valve 110 (step ST12).
- the controller 117 starts power supply to the motor 101b to start the high-pressure compressor 101 (step ST13).
- the high-pressure compressor 101 is activated, and the intermediate pressure channel 106f, the injection channel 111, the channel 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, and a part of the channel 106d (the gas-liquid separator 108 and the expansion valve 110).
- the refrigerant present in the portion in between is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101.
- the expansion valve 110 may be closed in response to the starting of the high-pressure compressor 101.
- a fan or a pump for flowing a fluid (air or water) to be exchanged with the refrigerant to the radiator 102 is activated.
- the fan or pump of the evaporator 104 may be activated in response to activation of the high-pressure compressor 101 or may be activated after the expansion valve 110 is opened. From the viewpoint of maintaining the pressure at the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 at the standby pressure, the latter is recommended.
- the internal pressure of the intermediate pressure channel 106f and the like decreases.
- the flow paths from the discharge port of the high pressure compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 (flow path 106a, radiator 102 and flow path 106b).
- the pressure increases.
- the pressure of the refrigerant in the flow path (a part of the flow path 106d, the evaporator 104, the flow path 106e) from the expansion valve 110 to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 is the refrigerant when the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 is stopped.
- the pressure in circuit 106 is maintained.
- a pressure difference may be generated not only between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103 but also between the suction port and the discharge port of the low-pressure compressor 105. it can. Since the refrigerant pressure difference acts on each of the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105, the power recovery system 109 can be easily activated independently. Since the injection flow path 111 and the gas-liquid separator 108 are provided, the high-pressure compressor 101 can suck a sufficient amount of refrigerant to cause a high pressure difference.
- step ST14 When the controller 117 detects that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is started through the start detector 119 (step ST14), the controller 117 sends a control signal to the actuator of the expansion valve 110 so as to fully open (or substantially fully open) the expansion valve 110. Transmit (step ST15). As a result, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant decompressed by the expander 103 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 108.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 shifts to a steady operation in which the refrigerant is circulated through the main refrigerant circuit 106. In steady operation, the opening degree of the expansion valve 110 and the injection flow rate adjustment valve 112 is adjusted so that excessive liquid refrigerant is not supplied to the high-pressure compressor 101 through the injection flow path 111 and the flow path 106f.
- the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 can be stopped based on the method described in the first embodiment.
- the high-pressure compressor 101 can suck and compress the refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 108. Therefore, the pressure in the flow path from the discharge port of the high-pressure compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 can be quickly increased. Since a large pressure difference is generated between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103, the power recovery system 109 starts smoothly and independently.
- each of the low-pressure compressor 105 and the expander 103 has a constant suction volume.
- the power recovery system 109 is caused to generate a pressure difference between the suction port and the discharge port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105. Start more smoothly.
- the controller 117 stops the high-pressure compressor 101 and executes control for starting the power recovery system 109 again. That is, when the activation failure is detected, the expansion valve 110 is once fully opened. Thereafter, the activation control described with reference to FIG. 9 is executed. In this way, it is possible to prevent the pressure in the flow path from the discharge port of the high-pressure compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 from rising excessively. It is possible to prevent an excessive pressure difference from occurring before and after the expander 103 and thereby damage the parts of the expander 103. Thereby, the reliability of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 400 is improved.
- the method for detecting the activation failure of the power recovery system 109 is not particularly limited.
- the current refrigerant temperature (or pressure) in the flow path (low-pressure side flow path) from the expansion valve 110 to the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105, for example, in the evaporator 104. ) Is detected. If the difference between the detected temperature (or pressure) and the reference temperature (or reference pressure) does not reach the predetermined threshold value within a certain time, it can be determined that the power recovery system 109 has failed to start.
- the threshold value T 0 or the threshold value P 0 described above can be used as the threshold value.
- the temperature (or pressure) of the refrigerant in the evaporator 104 before starting the high-pressure compressor 101 can be used.
- the high-pressure compressor 101 when a certain time has passed without detecting the start of the power recovery system 109, it can be determined that the start of the power recovery system 109 has failed.
- the temperature or pressure in the flow path (high-pressure side flow path) from the discharge port of the high-pressure stage compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 is detected, and the detected temperature or pressure and activation of the high-pressure stage compressor 101 are detected. It is also possible to determine whether or not the power recovery system 109 has failed to start based on the difference in temperature or pressure in the previous high-pressure side flow path.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus 500 in Modification 3.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 500 includes a bypass channel 201 and a bypass valve 202.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the common parts with the second embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the bypass channel 201 is connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to bypass the expander 103.
- the upstream end E 3 of the bypass flow path 201 is located in the flow path 106b, and the downstream end E 4 is located in the flow path 106c.
- the bypass valve 202 is provided in the bypass channel 201.
- the bypass channel 201 is typically configured by a refrigerant pipe.
- As the bypass valve 202 it is preferable to use a valve capable of changing the opening degree in a stepwise manner and capable of expanding the refrigerant, typically an electric expansion valve.
- the element portion of the activation detector 119 is provided in the flow path 106b. When viewed from the upstream end E 3 of the bypass flow path 201, the element portion of the activation detector 119 may be located on the radiator 102 side, or may be located on the expander 103 side.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the start-up control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 500.
- the controller 117 transmits a control signal to the actuators of these valves 110 and 202 so that the expansion valve 110 is fully closed and the bypass valve 202 is set to a predetermined opening degree.
- the “predetermined opening degree of the bypass valve 202” is within a range in which the pressure difference between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103 can be maintained at a size necessary for starting the expander 103. It means opening. This “predetermined opening degree” can be obtained experimentally or theoretically.
- the bypass valve 202 is slightly opened so that the pressure difference before and after the expander 103 does not become too small.
- the controller 117 starts power supply to the motor 101b to start the high-pressure compressor 101 (step ST23).
- the high-pressure compressor 101 is started, and the refrigerant existing in a part of the intermediate-pressure channel 106f, the injection channel 111, the channel 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, and the channel 106d is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101. Is done.
- the controller 117 When the controller 117 detects that the low-pressure stage compressor 105 is started through the start detector 119 (step ST24), it sends a control signal to the actuator of the expansion valve 110 so as to fully open (or substantially fully open) the expansion valve 110. Transmit (step ST25). Further, a control signal is transmitted to the actuator of the bypass valve 202 so that the bypass valve 202 is fully closed.
- the controller 117 generates a pressure difference necessary for starting the expander 103 between the suction port and the discharge port of the expander 103 before the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105 are started.
- the bypass valve 202 is opened at an opening within a possible range. That is, activation of the power recovery system 109 is attempted with the bypass valve 202 slightly opened.
- the controller 117 closes the bypass valve 202 after starting the expander 103 and the low-pressure compressor 105. Thereby, immediately after the power recovery system 109 is activated, it is possible to prevent the pressure difference before and after the expander 103 from rapidly decreasing. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly shift to the steady operation while sufficiently securing the driving force for continuing the operation of the power recovery system 109.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus 600 in the fourth modification.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 600 includes a bypass channel 301 and a bypass valve 302.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the common parts with the second embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the bypass channel 301 is connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to communicate the channel 106b and the channel 106d.
- the bypass valve 302 is provided in the bypass passage 301 and controls the flow of the refrigerant in the bypass passage 301.
- the bypass channel 301 is typically configured by a refrigerant pipe. An open / close valve can be used as the bypass valve 302.
- the bypass flow path 301 includes an upstream end E 5 located in a portion (flow path 106 b) of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the outlet of the radiator 102 to the suction port of the expander 103, and the expansion valve 110. And a downstream end E 6 located in a portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 (a part of the flow path 106 d) to the inlet of the evaporator 104.
- the bypass flow path 301 the high-pressure refrigerant in the flow path 106 b can be directly guided to the suction port of the low-pressure stage compressor 105.
- the positions of the upstream end E 5 and the downstream end E 6 are not limited to the positions shown in FIG. That is, a portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the discharge port of the high-pressure compressor 101 to the suction port of the expander 103 and a portion of the main refrigerant circuit 106 from the expander 110 to the suction port of the low-pressure compressor 105 are As long as communication is possible, the position of the upstream end E 5 is not particularly limited.
- the bypass channel 301 may be connected to the main refrigerant circuit 106 so as to connect the channel 106a and the channel 106e.
- the bypass flow path 301 may be branched from the radiator 102. For example, when the radiator 102 is configured by an upstream portion and a downstream portion, the bypass flow path 301 can be easily branched from between the two portions.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart of start control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 600.
- the controller 117 transmits a control signal to the actuators of these valves 110 and 302 so as to fully close the expansion valve 110 and fully open the bypass valve 302 (step ST31).
- ST32 the controller 117 transmits a control signal to the actuators of these valves 110 and 302 so as to fully close the expansion valve 110 and fully open the bypass valve 302 (step ST31).
- the controller 117 starts power supply to the motor 101b to start the high-pressure compressor 101 (step ST33).
- the high-pressure compressor 101 is started, and the refrigerant existing in a part of the intermediate-pressure channel 106f, the injection channel 111, the channel 106c, the gas-liquid separator 108, and the channel 106d is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 101. Is done.
- step ST34 When the controller 117 detects that the low-pressure compressor 105 has been started through the start detector 119 (step ST34), the controller 117 sends a control signal to the actuator of the expansion valve 110 so as to fully open (or substantially fully open) the expansion valve 110. Transmit (step ST35). Further, a control signal is transmitted to the actuator of the bypass valve 302 so that the bypass valve 302 is fully closed.
- each embodiment and modification can be freely applied to other embodiments and modifications as long as no technical contradiction occurs.
- the three-way valve 133 (see FIG. 3) described in the second modification can be applied to the first embodiment and the second modification.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention is useful for equipment such as a water heater, an air conditioner, and a dryer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1秒間あたりに第2圧縮機5が吸入できる冷媒の質量)=108.0×Vc×N
(1秒間あたりに膨張機3が吸入できる冷媒の質量)=628.61×Ve×N
Vc=(628.61/108.0)×Ve≒5.8×Ve
冷媒を圧縮する低圧段圧縮機と、前記低圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒をさらに圧縮する高圧段圧縮機と、前記高圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を冷却する放熱器と、前記放熱器で冷却された冷媒を膨張させつつ冷媒から動力を回収し、回収した動力が前記低圧段圧縮機に伝達されるように前記低圧段圧縮機に軸で連結された膨張機と、前記膨張機で膨張した冷媒をガス冷媒と液冷媒とに分離する気液分離器と、前記気液分離器で分離された液冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発器と、を有する主冷媒回路と、
前記気液分離器で分離されたガス冷媒を前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記高圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に導くインジェクション流路と、
前記高圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記膨張機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分と、前記蒸発器の出口から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分と、を連絡する高圧導入流路と、
前記蒸発器および前記高圧導入流路から選ばれる1つを前記低圧段圧縮機に選択的に接続できる流路切替機構と、
を備えた、冷凍サイクル装置を提供する。
冷媒を圧縮する低圧段圧縮機と、前記低圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒をさらに圧縮する高圧段圧縮機と、前記高圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を冷却する放熱器と、前記放熱器で冷却された冷媒を膨張させつつ冷媒から動力を回収し、回収した動力が前記低圧段圧縮機に伝達されるように前記低圧段圧縮機に軸で連結された膨張機と、前記膨張機で膨張した冷媒をガス冷媒と液冷媒とに分離する気液分離器と、前記気液分離器で分離された液冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発器と、前記気液分離器と前記蒸発器との間の流路上に設けられた膨張弁と、を有する主冷媒回路と、
前記気液分離器で分離されたガス冷媒を前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記高圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に導くインジェクション流路と、
前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口での圧力が前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口での圧力に前記インジェクション流路を介して等しくなることを阻止するように、当該冷凍サイクル装置の起動時に前記膨張弁を全閉にするコントローラと、
を備えた、冷凍サイクル装置を提供する。
<冷凍サイクル装置100の構成>
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における冷凍サイクル装置100の構成図である。図1に示すように、冷凍サイクル装置100は、高圧段圧縮機101と、放熱器102と、膨張機103と、気液分離器108と、蒸発器104と、低圧段圧縮機105とを、流路106a~106fにより順次接続することによって形成された主冷媒回路106を備えている。流路106a~106fは、それぞれ、冷媒配管で構成されている。気液分離器108と蒸発器104との間の流路106d上には、膨張弁110が設けられている。蒸発器104と低圧段圧縮機105との間の流路106e上には、逆止弁132が設けられている。以下において、低圧段圧縮機105の吐出口と高圧段圧縮機101の吸入口とを接続する流路106fを「中間圧流路106f」とも言う。
吸入温度:10℃、吸入圧力:5.0MPa
吐出温度:-3.0℃、吐出圧力:3.2MPa
吸入温度と吐出温度との差:13℃
吸入圧力と吐出圧力との差:1.8MPa
<定常時>
吸入温度:40℃、吸入圧力:10.0MPa
吐出温度:13.4℃、吐出圧力:4.9MPa
吸入温度と吐出温度との差:26.6℃
吸入圧力と吐出圧力との差:5.1MPa
図2は、冷凍サイクル装置100の起動制御のフロー図である。冷凍サイクル装置100は、図2に示す起動制御の実行後、定常運転を開始する。運転待機状態において、高圧段圧縮機101は停止し、膨張弁110は開いており、主冷媒回路106内の冷媒の圧力は略均一である。
本実施の形態によれば、冷凍サイクル装置100の起動時において、蒸発器104および気液分離器108内の冷媒を高圧段圧縮機101が吸入および圧縮できる。そのため、高圧段圧縮機101の吐出口から膨張機103の吸入口までの流路内の圧力を速やかに上昇させうる。膨張機103の吸入口と吐出口との間に大きい圧力差が生じるので、動力回収システム109がスムーズに自立起動する。
<冷凍サイクル装置200の構成>
図3は、変形例1における冷凍サイクル装置200の構成図である。図3に示すように、冷凍サイクル装置200では、流路切替機構が三方弁133で構成されている。起動検出器119として、PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)ヒータ140および電流検出器141が用いられている。さらに、バイパス流路201およびバイパス弁202が設けられている。その他の構成は、実施の形態1と同じである。本変形例において、実施の形態1と共通部品については同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図4は、冷凍サイクル装置200の起動制御のフロー図である。ステップS21において起動指令が入力されると、コントローラ117は、膨張弁110およびインジェクション流量調整弁112を全開、かつ、バイパス弁202を所定の開度にするように、これらの弁110、112および202のアクチュエータに制御信号を送信する(ステップS22)。ここで、「バイパス弁202の所定の開度」とは、膨張機103の吸入口と吐出口との間の圧力差を、膨張機103を起動させるのに必要な大きさに保てる範囲内の開度を意味する。この「所定の開度」は、実験的または理論的に求めることができる。要するに、膨張機103の前後の圧力差が小さくなりすぎないように、バイパス弁202を少しだけ開く。
本変形例によれば、実施の形態1で説明した効果に加えて、次の効果が得られる。本変形例によると、コントローラ117は、膨張機103および低圧段圧縮機105の起動前、膨張機103の吸入口と吐出口との間に当該膨張機103の起動に必要な圧力差を生じさせることができる範囲内の開度でバイパス弁202を開く。すなわち、バイパス弁202を少し開いた状態で、動力回収システム109の起動を試みる。コントローラ117は、膨張機103および低圧段圧縮機105の起動後、バイパス弁202を閉じる。これにより、動力回収システム109が起動した直後に、膨張機103の前後の圧力差が急減することを防止できる。したがって、動力回収システム109の動作を継続するための駆動力を十分に確保しつつ、スムーズに定常運転に移行することができる。
図5は、変形例2における冷凍サイクル装置300の構成図である。図5に示すように、冷凍サイクル装置300は、起動検出器119として、低圧段圧縮機105の吐出口における冷媒の温度を検出する温度検出器を用いている点で実施の形態1と相違する。本変形例において、実施の形態1と共通部品については同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
本変形例によると、実施の形態1で説明した効果に加えて、次の効果が得られる。本変形例では、低圧段圧縮機105の吐出口における冷媒の温度に基づいて起動検出を行う。これにより、動力回収システム109の起動を確実に捉えることができるため、速やかに定常運転へと移行することができる。
<冷凍サイクル装置400の構成>
図8は、実施の形態2における冷凍サイクル装置400の構成図である。図8に示すように、冷凍サイクル装置400は、高圧導入流路130、開閉弁131および逆止弁132が省略されている点で実施の形態1と相違する。本実施の形態において、実施の形態1と共通部品については同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図9は、冷凍サイクル装置400の起動制御のフロー図である。冷凍サイクル装置400は、図9に示す起動制御の実行後、定常運転を開始する。運転待機状態において、高圧段圧縮機101は停止し、膨張弁110およびインジェクション弁112は開いており、主冷媒回路106内の冷媒の圧力は略均一である。
本実施の形態によれば、冷凍サイクル装置400の起動時において、気液分離器108内の冷媒を高圧段圧縮機101が吸入および圧縮できる。そのため、高圧段圧縮機101の吐出口から膨張機103の吸入口までの流路内の圧力を速やかに上昇させうる。膨張機103の吸入口と吐出口との間に大きい圧力差が生じるので、動力回収システム109がスムーズに自立起動する。
<冷凍サイクル装置500の構成>
図10は、変形例3における冷凍サイクル装置500の構成図である。図10に示すように、冷凍サイクル装置500は、バイパス流路201およびバイパス弁202を備えている。その他の構成は、実施の形態2と同じである。本変形例において、実施の形態2と共通部品については同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図11は、冷凍サイクル装置500の起動制御のフロー図である。ステップST21において起動指令が入力されると、コントローラ117は、膨張弁110を全閉、かつ、バイパス弁202を所定の開度にするように、これらの弁110および202のアクチュエータに制御信号を送信する(ステップST22)。ここで、「バイパス弁202の所定の開度」とは、膨張機103の吸入口と吐出口との間の圧力差を、膨張機103を起動させるのに必要な大きさに保てる範囲内の開度を意味する。この「所定の開度」は、実験的または理論的に求めることができる。要するに、膨張機103の前後の圧力差が小さくなりすぎないように、バイパス弁202を少しだけ開く。
本変形例によれば、実施の形態2で説明した効果に加えて、次の効果が得られる。本変形例によると、コントローラ117は、膨張機103および低圧段圧縮機105の起動前、膨張機103の吸入口と吐出口との間に当該膨張機103の起動に必要な圧力差を生じさせることができる範囲内の開度でバイパス弁202を開く。すなわち、バイパス弁202を少し開いた状態で、動力回収システム109の起動を試みる。コントローラ117は、膨張機103および低圧段圧縮機105の起動後、バイパス弁202を閉じる。これにより、動力回収システム109が起動した直後に、膨張機103の前後の圧力差が急減することを防止できる。したがって、動力回収システム109の動作を継続するための駆動力を十分に確保しつつ、スムーズに定常運転に移行することができる。
<冷凍サイクル装置600の構成>
図12は、変形例4における冷凍サイクル装置600の構成図である。図12に示すように、冷凍サイクル装置600は、バイパス流路301およびバイパス弁302を備えている。その他の構成は、実施の形態2と同じである。本変形例において、実施の形態2と共通部品については同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図13は、冷凍サイクル装置600の起動制御のフロー図である。ステップST31において起動指令が入力されると、コントローラ117は、膨張弁110を全閉、かつ、バイパス弁302を全開にするように、これらの弁110および302のアクチュエータに制御信号を送信する(ステップST32)。
本変形例によれば、実施の形態2で説明した効果に加えて、次の効果が得られる。本変形例によれば、バイパス流路301を通じて低圧段圧縮機105の吸入口での圧力も上昇させうる。したがって、低圧段圧縮機105に与えられる駆動トルクが増加し、よりスムーズに動力回収システム109を起動することが可能となる。
Claims (30)
- 冷媒を圧縮する低圧段圧縮機と、前記低圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒をさらに圧縮する高圧段圧縮機と、前記高圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を冷却する放熱器と、前記放熱器で冷却された冷媒を膨張させつつ冷媒から動力を回収し、回収した動力が前記低圧段圧縮機に伝達されるように前記低圧段圧縮機に軸で連結された膨張機と、前記膨張機で膨張した冷媒をガス冷媒と液冷媒とに分離する気液分離器と、前記気液分離器で分離された液冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発器と、を有する主冷媒回路と、
前記気液分離器で分離されたガス冷媒を前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記高圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に導くインジェクション流路と、
前記高圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記膨張機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分と、前記蒸発器の出口から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分と、を連絡する高圧導入流路と、
前記蒸発器または前記高圧導入流路から前記低圧段圧縮機に冷媒が導かれるように、前記蒸発器および前記高圧導入流路から選ばれる1つを前記低圧段圧縮機に選択的に接続する流路切替機構と、
を備えた、冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記高圧導入流路が、前記高圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記放熱器の入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に接続された上流端を有する、請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記高圧導入流路が、前記蒸発器の出口から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に接続された下流端を有し、
前記流路切替機構は、前記高圧導入流路に設けられた開閉弁と、前記蒸発器の出口から前記高圧導入流路の下流端までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に設けられ、前記高圧導入流路から前記蒸発器に向かう冷媒の流れを遮断できる弁と、で構成されている、請求項1または2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記高圧導入流路が、前記蒸発器の出口から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に接続された下流端を有し、
前記流路切替機構は、前記高圧導入流路の下流端に設けられた三方弁で構成されている、請求項1または2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動前は前記高圧導入流路から前記低圧段圧縮機に冷媒が導かれるように前記流路切替機構を制御し、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動後は前記蒸発器から前記低圧段圧縮機に冷媒が導かれるように前記流路切替機構を制御するコントローラをさらに備えた、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動を検出する起動検出器をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、前記起動検出器の検出結果に基づいて前記流路切替機構の制御を起動前の制御から起動後の制御へと切り替える、請求項5に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記高圧段圧縮機の起動時点からの経過時間を計測するタイマを含み、
前記タイマによって計測された時間が所定の閾値時間を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張機の吸入口における冷媒の温度と、前記膨張機の吐出口における冷媒の温度との差を検出する温度検出器を含み、
前記温度検出器によって検出された温度差が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張機の吸入口における冷媒の圧力と、前記膨張機の吐出口における冷媒の圧力との差を検出する圧力検出器を含み、
前記圧力検出器によって検出された圧力差が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張機の吸入口における冷媒の圧力と、前記膨張機の吐出口における冷媒の圧力との差を検出する圧力検出器を含み、
単位時間遡った時点に前記圧力検出器によって検出された圧力差から、前記圧力検出器によって検出された現在の圧力差を引いた値が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張機の吸入口における冷媒の温度と、前記膨張機の吐出口における冷媒の温度との差を検出する温度検出器を含み、
単位時間遡った時点に前記温度検出器によって検出された温度差から、前記温度検出器によって検出された現在の温度差を引いた値が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記放熱器の出口から前記膨張機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に設けられたPTCヒータを含み、
前記PTCヒータを流れる電流の単位時間あたりの変化量が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口における冷媒の温度を検出する温度検出器であり、
前記温度検出器によって検出された現在の温度から単位時間遡った時点に前記温度検出器によって検出された温度を引いた値が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項6に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記コントローラは、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機が起動しなかった場合、前記高圧段圧縮機を停止させ、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機を起動させるための制御を再度実行する、請求項5~13のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機と前記低圧段圧縮機とが1つの密閉容器に収容されている、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機をバイパスするバイパス流路と、
前記バイパス流路に設けられたバイパス弁と、をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動前、所定の開度で前記バイパス弁を開き、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動後、前記バイパス弁を閉じる、請求項5~14のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機は、ぞれぞれ、一定の吸入容積を有し、
前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入容積が前記膨張機の吸入容積よりも大きい、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 冷媒を圧縮する低圧段圧縮機と、前記低圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒をさらに圧縮する高圧段圧縮機と、前記高圧段圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を冷却する放熱器と、前記放熱器で冷却された冷媒を膨張させつつ冷媒から動力を回収し、回収した動力が前記低圧段圧縮機に伝達されるように前記低圧段圧縮機に軸で連結された膨張機と、前記膨張機で膨張した冷媒をガス冷媒と液冷媒とに分離する気液分離器と、前記気液分離器で分離された液冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発器と、前記気液分離器と前記蒸発器との間の流路上に設けられた膨張弁と、を有する主冷媒回路と、
前記気液分離器で分離されたガス冷媒を前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記高圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に導くインジェクション流路と、
前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口での圧力が前記低圧段圧縮機の吐出口での圧力に前記インジェクション流路を介して等しくなることを阻止するように、当該冷凍サイクル装置の起動時に前記膨張弁を全閉にするコントローラと、
を備えた、冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記コントローラは、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動後、前記膨張弁を全開にする、請求項18に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動を検出する起動検出器をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、前記起動検出器の検出結果に基づいて前記膨張弁を制御する、請求項18または19に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記高圧段圧縮機の起動時点からの経過時間を計測するタイマを含み、
前記タイマによって計測された時間が所定の閾値時間を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項20に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張機の吸入口における冷媒の温度と、前記膨張機の吐出口における冷媒の温度との差を検出する温度検出器を含み、
前記温度検出器によって検出された温度差が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項20に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張機の吸入口における冷媒の圧力と、前記膨張機の吐出口における冷媒の圧力との差を検出する圧力検出器を含み、
前記圧力検出器によって検出された圧力差が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項20に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張弁から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分における冷媒の温度を検出する温度検出器を含み、
待機状態で前記温度検出器によって検出された温度と、前記温度検出器によって検出された現在の温度との差が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項20に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記起動検出器は、前記膨張弁から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分における冷媒の圧力を検出する圧力検出器を含み、
待機状態で前記圧力検出器によって検出された圧力と、前記圧力検出器によって検出された現在の圧力との差が所定の閾値を上回った場合に、前記膨張機または前記低圧段圧縮機の起動が検出される、請求項20に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機が起動しなかった場合、前記コントローラは、前記膨張弁を全開にするとともに、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機を起動させるための制御を再度実行する、請求項18~25のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機と前記低圧段圧縮機とが1つの密閉容器に収容されている、請求項18~26のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機をバイパスするバイパス流路と、
前記バイパス流路に設けられたバイパス弁と、をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動前、所定の開度で前記バイパス弁を開き、前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機の起動後、前記バイパス弁を閉じる、請求項18~27のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記高圧段圧縮機の吐出口から前記膨張機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に位置している上流端と、前記膨張弁から前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入口までの前記主冷媒回路の部分に位置している下流端とを有するバイパス流路と、
前記バイパス流路上に設けられたバイパス弁と、をさらに備えた、請求項18~27のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記膨張機および前記低圧段圧縮機は、ぞれぞれ、一定の吸入容積を有し、
前記低圧段圧縮機の吸入容積が前記膨張機の吸入容積よりも大きい、請求項18~29のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/642,970 US20130036757A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-21 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP11774593A EP2565556A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-21 | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP2012512652A JP5367164B2 (ja) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-21 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
CN201180020975.5A CN102859295B (zh) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-21 | 制冷循环装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010-104374 | 2010-04-28 | ||
JP2010104375 | 2010-04-28 | ||
JP2010-104375 | 2010-04-28 | ||
JP2010104374 | 2010-04-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011135805A1 true WO2011135805A1 (ja) | 2011-11-03 |
Family
ID=44861130
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2011/002330 WO2011135805A1 (ja) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-21 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130036757A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2565556A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5367164B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102859295B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011135805A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113227674A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-08-06 | 涡轮阿尔戈有限责任公司 | 制冷设备及其操作方法 |
WO2022118730A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-09 | 株式会社前川製作所 | 冷凍システム |
US20220186987A1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-06-16 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source-side unit and refrigeration apparatus |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2999932B1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2019-07-17 | Hill Phoenix Inc. | Systems and methods for pressure control in a co2 refrigeration system |
US10036386B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2018-07-31 | Trane International Inc. | Structure for stabilizing an orbiting scroll in a scroll compressor |
CN105899884B (zh) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-12-14 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 热源侧单元以及空调装置 |
JP6342755B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2018-06-13 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 圧縮装置 |
PL3371523T3 (pl) * | 2015-11-05 | 2020-11-02 | Danfoss A/S | Sposób przełączania wydajności sprężarki |
CN108131855A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-08 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | 制冷循环系统及具有其的空调器 |
US10982887B2 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-04-20 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Expansion valve with selectable operation modes |
JP7082098B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-27 | 2022-06-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 熱源ユニット及び冷凍装置 |
DK4030115T3 (da) * | 2019-09-09 | 2023-11-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Udendørsenhed og kølekredsløbsindretning |
JP6904396B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-07-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 熱源ユニット及び冷凍装置 |
WO2021142085A1 (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-15 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Volume ratio control system for a compressor |
JP7137094B1 (ja) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 熱源ユニットおよび冷凍装置 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003307358A (ja) | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-31 | Sanden Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
WO2008050654A1 (fr) | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Dispositif à cycle frigorifique et machine à fluide utilisée pour celui-ci |
JP2008128576A (ja) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-06-05 | Hitachi Appliances Inc | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2009109158A (ja) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
JP2009204201A (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-10 | Panasonic Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2009147826A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS54140249A (en) * | 1978-04-24 | 1979-10-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Refrigerator |
TWI301188B (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2008-09-21 | Sanyo Electric Co | Refrigeant cycling device and compressor using the same |
JP2006162186A (ja) * | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
KR100667517B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-27 | 2007-01-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 용량 가변형 압축기를 구비한 공기조화기 |
WO2006085557A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2011510257A (ja) * | 2008-01-17 | 2011-03-31 | キャリア コーポレイション | 冷媒蒸気圧縮システムの容量調整 |
-
2011
- 2011-04-21 WO PCT/JP2011/002330 patent/WO2011135805A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-04-21 EP EP11774593A patent/EP2565556A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-21 JP JP2012512652A patent/JP5367164B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-21 CN CN201180020975.5A patent/CN102859295B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-21 US US13/642,970 patent/US20130036757A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003307358A (ja) | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-31 | Sanden Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
WO2008050654A1 (fr) | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Dispositif à cycle frigorifique et machine à fluide utilisée pour celui-ci |
JP2008128576A (ja) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-06-05 | Hitachi Appliances Inc | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2009109158A (ja) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
JP2009204201A (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-10 | Panasonic Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
WO2009147826A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113227674A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-08-06 | 涡轮阿尔戈有限责任公司 | 制冷设备及其操作方法 |
CN113227674B (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2023-03-21 | 涡轮阿尔戈有限责任公司 | 制冷设备及其操作方法 |
US20220186987A1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-06-16 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source-side unit and refrigeration apparatus |
US11598559B2 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-03-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source-side unit and refrigeration apparatus |
WO2022118730A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-09 | 株式会社前川製作所 | 冷凍システム |
JP7585010B2 (ja) | 2020-12-01 | 2024-11-18 | 株式会社前川製作所 | 冷凍システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2011135805A1 (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
CN102859295A (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
JP5367164B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
EP2565556A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
CN102859295B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
US20130036757A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5367164B2 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
JP4053082B2 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
WO2011161952A1 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
CN100575817C (zh) | 制冷循环装置 | |
EP2765369B1 (en) | Refrigeration cycle device | |
WO2010073586A1 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
JP4906962B2 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
WO2011042959A1 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
JP5036593B2 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
JP4976970B2 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
WO2006112157A1 (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置及びその運転方法 | |
EP2527591B1 (en) | Positive displacement expander and refrigeration cycle device using the positive displacement expander | |
JP2006162186A (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
JP2007170765A (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置の運転方法 | |
JP2006226589A (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置およびその運転方法 | |
JP2007240120A (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置 | |
JP2011237086A (ja) | 冷凍空調装置 | |
JP2012098000A (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 | |
JP2007298207A (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置およびその制御法 | |
JP2012102968A (ja) | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201180020975.5 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11774593 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012512652 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13642970 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011774593 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |