WO2011128463A1

WO2011128463A1 - Transportable power plant

Info

Publication number: WO2011128463A1
Application number: PCT/ES2010/000157
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manuel Lahuerta Romeo
Original assignee: Tempero 2000 S.L.
Priority date: 2010-04-13
Filing date: 2010-04-13
Publication date: 2011-10-20
Also published as: ES2408331B1; ES2408331A1

Abstract

Transportable power plant comprising a fixed part (1a), formed by the chassis (2) provided with extendable legs (3) and levellers with a support column (4) with motorized slewing ring (5), and another movable part (1b) that rotates about the fixed part (1a), following the trajectory of the sun, in a truncated cone (14) clamped to the slewing ring (5) and that, formed by a parallelepiped structure (6) having hinged sides (7) actuated by cylinders (8), forming a supporting element for photovoltaic panels (9) with self-steering wind turbines (13), also incorporates a battery bank (15), generator (16), control cabinets (17) and water treatment plant (18). The turbines (13) are mounted on articulated supporting elements (11), actuated by other cylinders (12), provided on the front and rear faces of the structure (6), remaining outside the solar field.

Description

TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY CENTER

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to a transportable power plant, contributing to the function to which several advantages are destined, which will be described in detail below, which imply an improvement of the current state of the technique.

In particular, the object of the invention is focused on an energy plant that, combining energies of solar, wind and fossil origin with accumulation systems, is capable of satisfying the demand for energy and water treated in small communities immediately and sustainably isolated from the network or nomads in the form and dimensions of a semi-trailer pulled by a tractor vehicle.

The performance is improved by hybridizing different renewable energy sources, provided we manage to add them without disturbing each other.

The plant consists of two main parts, a fixed one formed by the chassis of the trailer, and a swivel formed by the energy structure. Thus, the plant is equipped with solar tracking by turning the energy structure, on the chassis of its trailer on which it pivots, previously stabilized by extendable legs. For its part, the wind turbines that it incorporates are conveniently separated from the photovoltaic field, arranged to avoid shadows on said photovoltaic field. Inside the energy structure there is a battery store, a support generator and a water treatment plant with all its accessories and control cabinets.

To improve its transportability by land, the energy structure is located on a trailer that integrates a recessed column on its chassis, at whose upper end a motorized large diameter bearing is fixed to provide solar tracking to the energy structure.

The result is an optimal integration of solar and wind collectors on the same structure to be equipped with solar tracking, thus avoiding the competition of spaces between them, and achieving maximum performance, to guarantee the supply of treated water and energy to a community from from renewable sources.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The field of application of the present invention falls within the technical sector of the industry dedicated to the manufacture of apparatus and / or machinery for the supply of water and energy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As is known, energy and drinking water are the axes on which sustainable development pivots. Numerous communities lack these two basic elements. The guarantee of supply are basic objectives of all governments. In coastal areas or islands, water may come from the sea and for its purification, energy will be demanded at a rate of 4kWh per cubic meter of water produced, if the technology used is reverse osmosis with energy recovery from rejection. In desert areas, without surface aquifers, water must be obtained by condensation of the relative humidity of the ambient air with a much higher energy cost. Where there are superficial aquifers, brackish or not, membrane treatments will ensure their drinkability, but for all these processes energy will be demanded. It is therefore the objective of the present invention to shorten the time and avoid dependence on the outside, to put these processes into operation.

The invention presented here solves these problems immediately, as it is an easily transportable power plant, both by sea and by land, allowing its use to nomadic communities, military camps, areas affected by natural disasters, field hospitals, etc. , when acting as fixed or emergency equipment, it should be noted that the existence of any other that presents similar technical, structural and constitutive characteristics is unknown.

In this regard, it should be noted that, although there is knowledge of the existence of other patents referring to inventions in this field, the differences with the plant proposed here are remarkably significant. Specifically, some of these patents are:

PCT-WO 2004 / 063567A2. - Relating to a power station that has the shape of a container with fixed adjustable sides and roof, but that is not equipped with solar tracking and therefore the wind turbine will cast shade on the photovoltaic field during certain hours a day, significantly reducing its performance. Therefore during the day the wind and solar powers are not added since both compete for a space occupied by the other. On the other hand its stability is doubtful since it does not have extensible legs and depends on the uniformity of the ground on which it rests. It does not have a trailer for transport.

PCT-WO 2008/083219-A2. - Which describes a power station that is shaped like a container with articulated sides and fronts and in other cases extensible. Of doubtful stability before winds due to having exaggerated overhangs and lacking extensible support legs. The central wind turbine will provide even greater instability by placing the center of gravity much higher. In this design the wind and solar compete again for the same space since the wind turbine will cast shadows on the panels during all hours of the day, causing them to lose their performance. In it there is talk of a transportable station because it is shaped like a container, the wind turbine will need to be disassembled for transport and large-tonnage cranes will be needed to load it on a trailer, an aspect that is not suitable for use in isolated places. In this patent, moreover, the designs corresponding to Figures 3A-3B lack wind turbine. In turn, it lacks a tracking system and does not have a trailer for transport. PCT-WO 2009/045349 A2. - It is a hybrid power plant clearly transportable by being on a trailer chassis stabilized by four legs. In this design, solar and wind energy compete again for the same space, hindering each other since both are on the same plane, and both are shaded. Therefore it is a design without technical rigor, it also lacks solar tracking and because of the size of the wind turbine in rotor area and height, it is of doubtful stability. It has no support generator set and cannot guarantee the energy supply by itself.

US-7 89541-B1 12/30 / 2008.- It is a hybrid wind-solar system with generator set support in which the wind turbine although smaller in size again competes with the solar field causing shadows in smaller amounts than those mentioned above , since the azimuthal trajectory in summer becomes 220 ° in parallel 40 with what the shadows will produce during the first hours of the morning and the last hours of the afternoon. On the other hand it lacks solar tracking and is of doubtful stability against strong winds since the trailer lacks extensible and leveling legs. The position of the solar grill is very high increasing its instability. Therefore it is a non-industrializable or safe design and does not present any novelty about the above mentioned patents.

UTILITY MODEL N ° 1069703.- Regarding a mobile solar unit with lighting tower, whose object is not properly a power plant but tries to get lighting in rural areas and therefore does not affect the invention proposed here.

Thus, the energy structure that incorporates the power station proposed here adequately combines solar and wind energy without competing with each other, improving its performance by being equipped with solar tracking. Because it is located on a trailer, which is stabilized by extendable legs, it has advantages and characteristics that are not comparable to what was previously patented or existing in the market. In addition, it is equipped with technical rigor and incorporates significant improvements over the prior art that make it different from those previously known.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the transportable power plant that the present invention proposes is configured as a remarkable novelty within its field of application, since, according to its implementation and in a restrictive way, the aforementioned objectives are satisfactorily achieved, the details characterizing the same conveniently developed below and set forth in the final claims that accompany the present specification.

Specifically, what the invention proposes is a transportable power plant that has the particularity of having the shape and dimensions of a semi-trailer pulled by a tractor vehicle that has a fixed leveling part in which it incorporates a column that supports a bearing motorized on which a mobile part is supported, constituted by a structure equipped with azimuthal tracking, in the integrated a solar energy collector deployable by cylinders that Orient zenith and two or more wind energy collectors also deployable.

In addition, the mobile structure equipped with monitoring, integrates inside a battery bank, a soundproof generator and a water treatment plant with their respective cabinets, inverters and hydraulic power plant for actuation of leveling legs and folding elements that facilitate its put in operation.

For all this, and going into more detail, the transportable power plant starts from integrating the set of elements that compose it within a volume and weight that correspond to the standard maximums of a trailer pulled by tractor vehicle, when transported by road . Exceptionally it may be in the form of a standard container.

Taking as dimensions the maximum allowed for road transport, without special permits, the trailer power plant will have a maximum length of 13.6m, a width of 2.55m and a maximum height of 4m. From these measures a parallelepiped is generated in which the power plant is registered. In turn, the maximum authorized weights per axis must be taken into account, taking into account that the maximum number of axes will be three.

As it is about capturing as much energy as possible and since in most places the sun is the most reliable source, it is intended to increase the solar collection area to the maximum. Therefore, as the maximum surfaces exposed to solar radiation are the sides and the roof, these parts are used to place the photovoltaic field on them. Leaving the front to locate the wind field.

Likewise, to achieve maximum performance in any land parallel, this part of the two-axis solar tracking structure is provided. That is to say, a structural part is contemplated that, including sides and roof, can be oriented to achieve its solar approach, which imposes a mobile structure. This moving part must be supported by a base that provides the necessary stability in any position. Therefore, a stable fixed part is provided, which in this case will be the trailer chassis whose stability will be improved by adding four extensible and leveling legs that provide it with the necessary conditions for a correct and safe operation.

In turn, another desirable feature of the plant is that it is equipped with other renewable sources that add and / or complement solar energy. Wind energy, although more random than the previous one, will allow us to capture even at night an energy that improves the availability of the plant.

It is also foreseen that both sources do not compete for the same space and therefore an integration of both is achieved. For this, the wind turbines will be located outside the photovoltaic field so that there are no shadows between them that reduce performance. This is achieved by separating them from the sides and roof and within the mobile structure by turning in solidarity with the photovoltaic field. For this, the front and rear of the structure of the mobile part are used to locate the wind turbines. In addition, as the rotor of the turbines sweeps a large area, the radius of the rotor will be smaller than the structure that supports it in this way and thanks to the solar tracking the interference of shadows between them is avoided, ensuring an optimal integration of both energy sources (solar + wind).

The plant is therefore composed of two parts, a fixed one consisting of the chassis of the trailer that integrates extendable column and legs, and another orientable one, which is the energy structure itself, which contains the solar and wind fields.

Achieving the stability of the whole is fundamental. To achieve this, the trailer is equipped with extensible and leveling legs in such a way that it can achieve its horizontality and leveling. From there, the location of weights (batteries, cabinets, generators and water treatment plant) located on the mobile part is determined precisely so that they are balanced with respect to the axis of rotation located on the axis of the bearing moored on the column. The height of the column, and therefore the location of the bearing, will be determined so that the result of the thrust of the wind in working position (sides deployed) passes as close as possible to the plane of the bearing, in order to reduce the moments of I turn over it.

Said bearing is formed by two machined rings joined by balls or rollers that provide adequate rolling and stiffness. The outer ring sits and bolts on an upper flange of the column and the inner ring supports the energy structure. This inner ring is carved with teeth on which two or more pinions mesh operated by two gearmotors with brake motor that orient their azimuthal position by means of a program governed by a programmed electronic card, previously introduced the coordinates, the orientation of the trailer and the date and solar time.

Optionally, the trailer has a magnetic compass and GPS that will indicate its position and orientation, once stabilized, with respect to the magnetic north, so that the orientation occurs automatically.

The photovoltaic panels and wind turbines are mounted on the energy structure that constitutes the orientable or mobile part of the plant. The sides are articulated by hinges at the top of the structure and are oriented vertically by hydraulic cylinders to achieve their focus. The photovoltaic field is mounted on these sides and the roof.

On the front and back of the structure, adjustable in the direction of travel, support structures are articulated, also foldable by hydraulic cylinders. At the end of these structures are mounted self-tuning wind turbines whose rotor rotates in a plane aligned to the axon axis. This ensures that the rotor is oriented without moving, minimizing the shadow effect on the photovoltaic field. This quality, axis of rotation of the wind rotor perpendicular and aligned to the axis of timonación, avoids the gyroscopic moments typical of wind turbines that tend to detract from them and reduce their performance.

This conception of energy structure is The key to the design, that is, thanks to solar tracking, both the photovoltaic and wind fields will be perfectly oriented to achieve maximum energy efficiency without shading and therefore will not compete with each other, but will integrate both renewable energy sources by adding them together.

The wind turbines should be sufficiently separated (one or two at each end of the trailer) so that their trails do not interfere.

It should also be noted that wind turbines are easily removable from their support structure, since it is collapsible, so that for transport they are collected and stored inside the trailer.

The assembly is carried out at the level of the base of the trailer, and then be lifted with its support structure by means of a hydraulic cylinder.

The wind generators are permanent magnets giving alternating current at variable voltage and frequency that, subsequently rectified, is stored in the batteries.

The photovoltaic field generates direct current that is treated by an inverter to meet the demand and / or charge batteries. Energy integration is achieved by adding continuous currents of equal voltage.

In the absence of sun and wind, if the battery store drops its predetermined charge level, a generator set will start to meet both demand and recharge batteries. Once the predetermined charge level is obtained, the generator set is will stop.

For its part, the water treatment plant will connect preferably coinciding with the hours of increased energy collection.

Finally, it should be noted that, in order to guarantee the immobility of the structure during transport, it is foreseen that the movable part, that is to say, the adjustable energy structure has four anchor points to the trailer chassis.

The described transportable power plant thus represents an innovative solution of structural characteristics and arrangement unknown until now for the purpose it is intended, reasons that together with a practical utility, provide it with sufficient grounds to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested .

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in which with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure number 1.- Shows a side elevation view of an embodiment of the transportable power plant object of the invention, represented in working position, specifically with the panels pointing to the sun of the noon (south) in line with the axle of the trailer and wind turbines oriented to the east wind, appreciating in it the main parts and elements that it comprises as well as the configuration and arrangement of the same.

Figures 2-A, 2-B and 2-C- respectively show a side, front and plan elevational view of the fixed part of the plant, according to the invention, shown in Figure 1.

Figures 3-A and 3-B. - They show, respectively, a side and front elevation view of the mobile part of the plant of the invention, and constituting the energy structure thereof.

Figure number 4.- Shows a perspective view of the whole of the power plant object of the invention, represented in a working position oriented to the sunrise and with two wind turbines receiving wind from the West.

Figure number 5.- It shows a perspective view of the power plant in a working position oriented at 4pm and with four wind turbines receiving wind from the West, showing in it the displacement of the mobile part with respect to the fixed part.

Figure number 6.- Shows another perspective view of the power plant of the invention folded and in transport position.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.

Thus, as observed in these figures, the transportable power plant (1) in question is configured from a trailer in which, characteristically, a fixed part (the) formed by the chassis (2) is available. and another mobile part (Ib) that turns on the fixed one and that constitutes the energy part of the plant, in which a system of solar capture and another of wind turbines are combined, in addition to other functional elements that will be described later.

As can be seen in figures 2-A, 2-B and 2-C, the fixed part (la) of the control unit (1) is constituted, as has been said, by the chassis (2) of the trailer, which it is provided with extendable and leveling legs (3), to provide it with the necessary stability, on which it is, mounted in solidarity with it in its central part, a support column (4), with a door to access its interior, on top of which a motorized bearing (5) to which the mobile part (Ib) is attached is screwed.

On the other hand, said mobile part (Ib), as can be seen in Figures 3-A and 3-B, is formed by a peralelepipede structure (6) on whose sides (7), hinged and actuated by a first group of cylinders (8), a grid of pipes that support a plurality of photovoltaic panels (9), which together with the built-in roof, a photovoltaic solar field.

It should be noted that said sides (7), optionally, incorporate a deployable extension (10) that allows expanding the capacity of said solar field.

Following the description of the mobile part (Ib), it should be noted that in the front and back of the structure (6) two articulated supports (11), operated by a second group of hydraulic cylinders (12), are contemplated. which are mounted respectively four self-priming wind turbines (13) arranged so that their rotor rotates in a plane aligned to the axis of tune, being placed outside the photovoltaic field so that they do not produce shadows on it.

The rotor radius of said wind turbines (13), moreover, is smaller than the articulated support ((11) that supports them, thus preventing the formation of shadows on the solar field and the interference of trails between them.

In addition, this structure (6) of the mobile part (Ib) has, inside and in the central part, a cone trunk (14) with a seat flange and mooring to the motorized bearing (5) which, as it has been said, it joins the fixed part (the) in the central column (4) of the same that is integral to the chassis (2) of the trailer, and thanks to which this mobile part (Ib) rotates following the solar path.

The bearing (5) is formed by two machined rings joined by balls or rollers that provide adequate rolling and stiffness. Ring Outside sits and bolts on the flange and the inner ring supports the energy structure or moving part (Ib). This inner ring is serrated and in it two or more pinions driven by two gearmotors with brake motor that orient the azimuthal position of the mobile part and, therefore, of the solar field, by program governed by programmed electronic card, previously introduced the coordinates, the orientation of the trailer and the date and solar time.

Finally, it should be noted that, on the floor of the structure (6) of the mobile part (Ib), in addition, a battery bank (15), a generator set (16), cabinets of control (17) and a water treatment plant (18).

Likewise, to guarantee the immobility of the structure (6) of the mobile part (Ib) during transport, four anchor points to the chassis (2) of the trailer constituted by pins or any other type of suitable anchorage are provided therein.

In a specific example of preferred embodiment, the transportable power plant (1) is configured from a trailer of dimensions 13.6 x 2.55 x 4 m.

The tubes that form the grid in which the photovoltaic panels are incorporated (9) are they will distance to the extent indicated by the manufacturer of said panels in each case for their correct mooring. The weight of each panel, including its moorings and support tubes, is estimated at approximately 28 kg.

An example would be the installation of TRINA, TSM-240 monocrystalline panels whose dimensions are 1650 x 990x 46 mm, managing to register 16 panels on the ceiling and 21 panels on each side (7). If an extension (10) is added to the lower side (7) (south side), 13 more panels would be provided, totaling (16 + 21 + 21 + 13) = 71 panels with an installed peak power of 71x240 = 17,040 Watts.

If the panel chosen were the SPR-300 WHI of the Sunpower firm of similar measures, the peak power would be 71x300 = 21,300 Watts.

On the other hand, to dimension the wind turbines (13), part of the space allowed by each front and rear end of the mobile structure, in this case 2,80m, this would be the maximum measure of the articulated support structure (11) of wind turbines (13), so as not to produce shadows on the photovoltaic field.

For reasons of prudence and to separate, we adopt the maximum radius of the 2m wind turbines, whereby the power captured at 12m / s wind speed would be Watts = 0.2xD ² xV ³ where D = rotor diameter V = Wind speed in m / s, resulting in wind power = 0.2 x ² xl2 ³ = 5.530 watts.

Being four turbines (13) two on each front, front and rear, of the mobile structure (6), the installed power would be 22,060 Watts, with the total installed power (solar + wind) = 21 + 22 = 43 kW.

The weight of each wind turbine, including Generator + Rotor + Self-tightening Structure, would be 75 Kg. This weight would be the maximum to be installed because they are removable turbines and need two men for handling. The weight of the support structure (11) of each turbine driven by cylinder (12) would be 120 kg including the cylinder.

To store the remaining energy, it is contemplated to have a battery bank (15) capable of supplying, at a minimum, the demand for a day without sun and wind, which is estimated at 20 OPZV1500 batteries with a total capacity of 3000 Ah and a weight of 2400 Kg. For its dimensioning, work will be done, among others, with the NREL or Hybrid2 program.

The generator set (16) will be sized to meet both the specific demand, in case of emergency and to charge batteries in a reasonable time of 4 hours. We will preferably select a soundproofed GESAN group with a fuel tank in a 55 KW DPS-40 bench with a weight of 2500 Kg.

Thus the weight of the components and their accessories on the mobile part (Ib) of the plant would be approximately 7.3 Tm. Counting weights of the rest of the mobile structure we would be around 9 Tm.

The fixed part (the), which forms the chassis (2) of the trailer, including column (4) and extendable and leveling legs (3), according to specifications from the manufacturer Lecitrailer, it would be 6Tm with which it would be necessary to use two wheel axles.

All hydraulic cylinders (8) and (12) that are located in the mobile structure would be driven by hydraulic power plant with direct current motor and their corresponding solenoid valves and regulating, limiting and blocking valves operated by manual console through multicontact connector.

The hydraulically operated extendable legs (3) have manual valves on the chassis.

Finally and optionally, the power plant (1) incorporates a water treatment plant (18) with its filters, pumps, ultraviolet tubes and membranes that will adapt in each case to the desired quantities and qualities from an analysis of the raw water. All the elements of said plant as its instrumentation will work with direct current at 24 Volts.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to extend its explanation so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be carried out in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle .

Claims

1. - TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY STATION, of the type installed on a trailer, combines a solar and wind energy collection system, characterized by the fact that it comprises a fixed part (the), formed by the chassis (2) of the trailer provided with legs (3) extendable and leveling, and on which it is located, mounted in solidarity with it in its central part, a support column (4) with motorized bearing (5), and another mobile part (Ib) which, constituting the energy part of the plant in which a solar field of photovoltaic panels (9) with two-axis tracking, and self -impressing wind turbines (13) are incorporated, rotates on the fixed part (la), following the solar path through a program governed by electronic card programmed, in a cone trunk (14) with flange provided in said movable part (Ib) for seating and mooring to the motorized bearing (5) of the column (4) integral with the chassis (2) of the trailer; wherein said mobile part (Ib) also incorporates a battery bank (15), a generator set (16), control cabinets (17) and a water treatment plant (18).

2. - TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that the mobile part (Ib) is formed by a peralelepipid structure (6) on whose sides Π), hinged and actuated by a first group of cylinders (8 ), a grid of tubes that support the photovoltaic panels (9) that together with the roof, the photovoltaic solar field is mounted.

3.- TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY CENTER, according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the self-priming wind turbines (13) are mounted on two articulated supports (11), driven by a second group of hydraulic cylinders (12), provided on the front and rear fronts of the structure (6), being placed outside the photovoltaic solar field.

4. - TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY STATION, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor radius of the wind turbines (13) is smaller than the articulated support ((11) that supports them.

5. - TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY PLANT, according to claim 2, characterized in that the sides (7) incorporate a deployable extension (10) to expand the capacity of the solar field.

6. - TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a magnetic compass and GPS indicating its position and orientation, once stabilized, with respect to the magnetic north, so that the orientation occurs automatically.

7. - TRANSPORTABLE ENERGY STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to guarantee the immobility of the structure (6) of the mobile part (Ib) during transport, four anchor points are provided therein. trailer chassis (2), consisting of pins or any other type of suitable anchor.