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WO2011116625A1 - 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板及其生产方法和应用 - Google Patents

复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板及其生产方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011116625A1
WO2011116625A1 PCT/CN2011/000437 CN2011000437W WO2011116625A1 WO 2011116625 A1 WO2011116625 A1 WO 2011116625A1 CN 2011000437 W CN2011000437 W CN 2011000437W WO 2011116625 A1 WO2011116625 A1 WO 2011116625A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite foam
black porcelain
air
solar
porcelain solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000437
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄锦熙
Original Assignee
Huang Jinxi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2010201670879U external-priority patent/CN201697381U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201010149057XA external-priority patent/CN102200354A/zh
Application filed by Huang Jinxi filed Critical Huang Jinxi
Publication of WO2011116625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116625A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/02Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B18/00Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1325Hazardous waste other than combustion residues
    • C04B33/1327Hazardous waste other than combustion residues containing heavy metals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/10Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
    • F24S70/16Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3201Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3239Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. magnesium vanadate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9646Optical properties
    • C04B2235/9661Colour
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341Silica or silicates
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Definitions

  • a first object of the present invention is to invent a composite foam black porcelain solar collector panel which can be integrated with a building by simultaneously forming a ceramic solar collector heat collecting layer with an insulating layer and an ordinary ceramic layer.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate.
  • a technical solution for achieving the first object of the invention a composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1, consisting of a common ceramic layer 11, a black ceramic layer 13, characterized in that it further comprises a foamed ceramic layer 12, a foam
  • the ceramic layer 12 is located in the middle layer
  • the common ceramic layer 11 is located on the base layer
  • the black ceramic layer 13 is located on the surface layer
  • the base layer ordinary ceramic layer 11, the intermediate layer ceramic layer 12, and the surface layer black ceramic layer 13 are fired into one body.
  • the production method of the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate comprises the following steps:
  • the base layer is ordinary ceramic powder
  • the middle layer is foam ceramic powder
  • the surface layer is vanadium black ceramic powder or other black porcelain powder, which is molded into a cavity and then formed by a brick press.
  • a composite foam black ceramic solar collector plate body with a base layer of a common ceramic layer 11, a middle layer of a ceramic layer 12, and a surface layer of a black ceramic layer 13 is integrated, and then dried by a drying kiln, or a common ceramic layer and a ceramic foam After lamination, the surface is sprayed with black ceramic material and dried by a dry kiln;
  • the firing temperature is 1100-1250 ° C, and the firing cycle is 60-120 minutes;
  • the ordinary ceramic powder that is, the feldspar, kaolin and other minerals are wet-pulverized, spray-dried and granulated, and the middle-layer foam ceramic powder is added with a certain amount of traditional ceramic foam in the ordinary ceramic powder.
  • the agent or a certain amount of ceramic polishing waste is added as a foaming agent, and ceramic polishing waste is preferably used as a foaming agent to reduce cost and reduce pollution.
  • the surface layer black porcelain powder of the present invention is a vanadium tailings or other ceramic black colorant.
  • the method of the invention can adopt the ordinary ceramic tile roller kiln firing process, can realize continuous production by using existing equipment, is easy to control, has low cost and large output.
  • the foamed ceramic layer of the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate of the invention has independent closed microporous structure, low bulk density, small thermal conductivity, no moisture absorption, no gas permeability, no combustion, acid and alkali resistance, non-toxicity, and stable chemical properties. Not only is it safe and reliable, but it is also durable, so that the thermal insulation layer of the ceramic solar collector plate reaches the same long service life of the heat collecting layer.
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 is a structure in which the ordinary ceramic layer 11, the foam ceramic layer 12 and the black ceramic layer 13 are integrally burned, the heat absorption is fast, the heat insulating effect is good, and the building can be easily and firmly combined, and durable.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 has obvious advantages compared with the traditional solar air collector, mainly has the advantages of simple structure, small heat loss, high heat collecting efficiency, long service life and long-term use set. The thermal efficiency is hardly attenuated, the maintenance is easy, and the manufacturing cost can be drastically reduced to meet various user needs.
  • the water is directly stored in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 by the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1 to absorb the solar heat to heat.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 of the invention has obvious advantages compared with the conventional solar water heater, can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost, can greatly improve the service life, and can eliminate various security concealment.
  • the top of the 64 is fixed with screws and coated with a sealant to prevent leakage of air and leaks, forming a confined space.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is installed, the air outlet 22 is connected to the intake pipe 62 of the heat exchange pipe 63, and the air inlet 21 is connected to the air outlet pipe 61 of the heat exchange pipe 63.
  • the cycle is formed, thus constituting the split type building integrated double heat collecting composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 6 of the present invention.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is heated by the sun-heated air from the air outlet 22 through the intake pipeline 62 and the air inlet 621 into the heat exchange tube of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64. 63, the heat exchange tube 63 heats the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64, and the air is cooled through the heat exchange tube 63 air outlet 611, the air outlet pipeline 61 through the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air set The air inlet 21 of the heater 2 is reheated into the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 to constitute a thermal cycle.
  • the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64 can be heated by the composite foam black ceramic solar heat collecting plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, thereby forming a double with the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2.
  • the heat collecting effect therefore, the split type building integrated double heat collecting composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 6 has obvious advantages compared with the conventional solar water heater, can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost, and greatly improve the thermal efficiency, and
  • the utility model has the advantages of greatly improving the service life, good heat preservation effect, convenient cleaning and maintenance, and can be integrated with the building, and is suitable for various building installations.
  • the overflow opening 33, the lower part of the lower part is provided with a circulation port 731, the other side of the lower part is provided with a water outlet 31, the bottom part is provided with a sewage outlet 32, the middle and upper part is provided with a circulation opening 741, and the upper circulation opening 741 and the lower circulation opening 731 are diagonally distributed.
  • the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is covered on the top of the box body, fixed by screws, and sealed with a sealant to prevent leakage of air and leakage, forming a confined space, forming a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64, which will be cycled.
  • the port 741 is sequentially connected to the outlet end of the upper circulation line 74 and the hot water exchanger 72
  • the lower circulation port 731 is sequentially connected to the inlet end of the lower circulation line 73 and the hot water exchanger 72, and the hot water exchanger 72 and the heat pump 71 are connected.
  • Split-type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat pump water heater 7 building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64 water through the upper circulation port 741 and lower circulation port 731 with heat pump 71, hot water exchanger 72, on the circulation
  • the pipeline 74, the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64, and the lower circulation pipeline 73 are connected to form a hot water circulation system.
  • the solar collector board 1 has the functions of heat absorption and heat preservation and can share the insulation layer and the waterproof layer with the building roof, and can absorb the sunlight energy.
  • the hollow transparent cover plate 23 can prevent the building integration while allowing the sunlight to pass through.
  • the heat in the foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64 is transferred to the environment by air convection. There is no need to install a solar collector and an incubator, and the water tank can be easily cleaned and maintained, and the condenser does not need to be installed. In the water storage tank, avoid chloride ion corrosion in the water, avoid water pollution, prolong the life of the unit, lower the production cost, simpler installation and use, and can supply heat all the time, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and greatly improve the service life. It also makes full use of solar energy while ensuring continuous heating. Maximize energy savings.
  • the solar air collector type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner is to select a sunny roof, and a brick, cement mortar is used to construct a box with a proper length, width and height, and the inner and outer surfaces of the box body
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 is pasted with cement mortar, and the air inlet 21 is provided at one side of the lower side, and the air outlet is provided at the upper side of one side. 22, then the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is covered on the top of the box body and fixed by screws, and the sealant is applied to prevent leakage of air and leakage, and a sealed space is formed between the hollow transparent cover plate 23 and the box body to integrate the building.
  • the air outlet 22 of the composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is connected to the upper circulation line 74 of the absorption air conditioner 81, and the air inlet 21 and the absorption air conditioner of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 are connected.
  • the lower circulation line 73 of 81 is connected to form a circulation system, so that the solar air collector type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner 8 is installed.
  • the air in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, and the heated air is taken out from the air outlet 22 through the upper circulation line 74 of the absorption air conditioner 81.
  • the absorption air conditioner 81 can drive the absorption air conditioner 81 when the air in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is heated to a certain temperature, for indoor cooling or heating, and the air cooled by the absorption air conditioner 81 And sequentially entering the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 by the lower circulating pipeline 73 of the absorption air conditioner 81 and the air inlet 21 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2, and reheating. Form a thermal cycle.
  • Split-type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner can be used by one or more building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heaters 3 or building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collectors 2, which can be determined according to the needs. .
  • Building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 all seasons In order to produce hot water; in winter, the water of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof can also be discharged, so that the air absorbs the solar heat through the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate, and the heated air is input into the building. The room is heated.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 is installed on the sunny wall surface to form a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar wall.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar house adopts the insulation layer and the waterproof layer shared with the building, and at the same time, the water or air in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 passes through the composite foam black porcelain.
  • the solar collector board 1 absorbs solar heat to provide hot water or heating for the building.
  • the structure is simpler, the installation is easier, the comprehensive construction cost is greatly reduced, and the service life can be greatly improved.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar wind power generation device is mainly composed of an air inlet pipe 101, a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2, a hot air branch 102, a total air passage 103, and an air turbine 104.
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is mainly composed of a composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1, an air inlet 21, an air outlet 22, a hollow transparent cover 23, and a steel pipe 921. Choose sunny sunny slopes and slopes under the slopes, which are divided into upper and lower sides, with the total air passage 103 in the middle.
  • the total air passage 103 extends from the top of the mountain to the slope of the mountain slope, and is appropriately inclined.
  • a plurality of hot air branch passages 102 are disposed at a distance, and the hot air branch passage 102 is connected to the total air duct 103 at the highest position, and the tail end is inclined downward.
  • the air inlet duct 101 is installed at a distance from the hot air branch passage 102 at a distance. Both the air duct 101 and the hot air branch 102 are inclined at a certain angle with the horizontal plane, and a plurality of sets of building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air constructed by composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plates are installed between the hot air branch 102 and the air inlet duct 101.
  • the air outlet 22 is connected to the lower end of the hot air branch 102, the air flow direction is from bottom to top, the lower port of the air inlet pipe 101 is open, and the upper port is closed; the lower port of the hot air branch 102 is closed, the upper port and the total air passage 103 are closed.
  • the air enters the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 from the lower port of the air inlet pipe 101, is heated by the sun, passes through the hot air branch 102, enters the total air passage 103, and is discharged from the upper air passage 103 port.
  • the utility model has the functions of heat collecting and heat preservation, integrates the heat collecting function and the heat insulating function, has good heat preservation effect, and makes the heat insulating layer reach the same long service life of the heat collecting layer, and is convenient to be combined with the building, and is not required for installation. Add insulation materials, there is no aging and failure problems, and there is very little need for maintenance in the future. No connection between the nozzle plate more convenient to install, easy to leak, higher efficiency, lower cost, lower power costs.
  • a plurality of inlet pipes 111 and outlet pipes 112 are laid at a certain distance, and a cold water pool 113, a heat preservation hot water tank 114, a power generating device 115 are installed, and a plurality of sets of composite foam black porcelain solar energy are installed between the water inlet pipe 111 and the water outlet pipe 112.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 built by the heat collecting plate is as follows: a concrete body with a moderate length, a width and a high proportion is constructed on the concrete floor, and a cement mortar is used around the bottom and bottom of the pool body.
  • the water outlet 33 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 is sequentially connected with the water outlet end of the outlet pipe 112 and the heat preservation hot water tank 114, and the water outlet end of the heat preservation hot water tank 114 is connected with the water inlet end of the power generating device 115, and the water outlet end of the power generating device 115 Connected to the inlet end of the cold water tank 113, the water outlet end of the cold water tank 113 is connected with the water inlet end of the circulation line 116, the water outlet end of the circulation line 116 is connected with the water inlet end of the inlet water pipe 111, and the water outlet end of the inlet water pipe 111 and the building integrated composite foam
  • the black porcelain solar water heater 3 is connected to the water inlet 31 to constitute a thermal cycle, so that the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device of the present invention is installed.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device of the invention has obvious advantages compared with the prior art, and the heat collecting plate and the heat insulating layer of the ceramic solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device are not integrated into one. It is necessary to install an additional insulation layer, which is troublesome to install. At the same time, the insulation material used in the insulation layer also has certain defects, which affects the insulation effect to a certain extent, can not reach the same long service life as the heat collection plate, and is troublesome in future maintenance.
  • the installation is complicated, water leakage is easy to occur, and the use effect is affected; and the heat collecting plate of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generation device of the invention is integrated with the heat insulating layer, and the heat preservation effect is good. It has the same long service life as the collector plate, which is convenient to be combined with the building. There is no need to install insulation materials during installation, there is no aging and failure problem, and there is little need for maintenance in the future. There is no nozzle connection between the collector plates. More convenient, less prone to water leakage, higher efficiency, lower cost, power generation cost Lower.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar collector field can obtain hot water, and the flow rate can be greater than the hot water flow of any known geothermal day, and there is no need to carry out risky geothermal resources. Exploration, without the need for expensive drilling and wastewater recharge, the hot water will not scale and corrode equipment, so the building cost of building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar collector hot water power generation equipment should be lower than geothermal power generation cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar bathroom of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the split type building integrated double heat collecting composite foam black porcelain solar water heater of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat pump water heater according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the first embodiment of the split-type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner of the present invention.
  • 9 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the split type building integrated composite composite black ceramic solar air conditioner of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar house of the present invention.
  • 11 is a partial structural schematic view of a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar channel power generating device of the present invention.
  • 12 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device of the present invention. In the picture: .
  • a composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 is composed of a common ceramic layer 11 and a black ceramic layer 13, and is characterized in that it further comprises a foamed ceramic layer 12, the foamed ceramic layer 12 is located in the middle layer, and the common ceramic layer 11 is located in the base layer.
  • the black ceramic layer 13 is located on the surface layer, and the base layer common ceramic layer 11, the intermediate foam ceramic layer 12, and the surface layer black ceramic layer 13 are fired into one body.
  • the thickness of the common ceramic layer in the base layer is 3 - 8 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate foam ceramic layer is 10 - 20 hidden, the surface layer of black porcelain layer thickness is 1 - 2 legs.
  • the water content of the powder is 4. 5 - 7. 5%, and the storage is stale and ready for use.
  • the vanadium tailings or other black porcelain material is ground to a certain fineness for use.
  • the ordinary ceramic powder of step 1 is first placed, then the foamed ceramic powder of step 3 is placed, and finally the black porcelain powder of step 4 is placed in the mold cavity of the automatic press. After being formed by an automatic press, it is dried in a drying kiln, or a common ceramic layer and a foamed ceramic are laminated, and then a black ceramic material is sprayed on the surface and dried in a drying kiln.
  • the green body is sent to a roller kiln for firing, and the firing temperature is controlled at 1100 - 1250 ° C, and the firing cycle is 60 - 120 minutes. After the kiln is kiln, the finished product is obtained by grinding.
  • the foamed ceramic layer in the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate may also be a foam glass layer or a foam glass ceramic layer, and the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate is not used.
  • the scope also includes providing a foam layer under the composite hollow black porcelain solar heat collecting plate and firing it into one body, all of which are variations of the present invention, and are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is mainly composed of a composite foam black porcelain sun.
  • the heat collecting plate 1, the air inlet 21, the air outlet 22, and the hollow transparent cover 23 can be composed.
  • Construction method Select a sunny roof, use brick and cement mortar to build a box with a height of about 15-20 cm, a width of about 200 cm, and a length of about 100-200 cm.
  • the composite foam black porcelain is adhered to the inner and outer surfaces of the box with cement mortar.
  • the solar heat collecting plate 1 is provided with an air inlet 21 at the lower portion and an air outlet 22 at the upper portion, and then the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is covered on the top of the box body and fixed by screws, and the sealant is applied to prevent leakage of air and rain.
  • a closed space is formed between the hollow transparent cover plate 23 and the box body to form a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2, and the air in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 passes through the composite foam
  • the black porcelain solar collector plate 1 absorbs the heat of the sun and heats it into hot air.
  • the temperature in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is stable, and the heat loss is small.
  • the hot air can be sent to the air outlet 22 and the air outlet pipe to The gas installation is connected to the intake duct and the intake port 21 to form a thermal cycle.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector has obvious advantages, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost, and can greatly improve the service life, and the long-term use of the heat collecting efficiency is hardly attenuated.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 is mainly composed of a composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1, an inlet and outlet port 31, a sewage outlet 32, an overflow port 33, and a hollow transparent cover plate 23.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 can also be implemented in such a manner that the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is used, and the air is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 to absorb solar heat.
  • the heated air is sent to the building integrated insulated water storage tank to indirectly heat and form a circulation through the heat exchange tube or the hot water exchanger, thereby avoiding the growth of the algae and avoiding the sunlight on the inner surface of the hollow transparent cover plate 23 due to the action of water vapor.
  • the transmission rate improves the thermal efficiency.
  • the black porcelain solar heat collecting plate of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater can also be hollow or solid, but no matter what shape and structure is adopted, as long as the black is utilized It is within the scope of the present invention that the porcelain layer absorbs solar heat directly or indirectly to heat the water.
  • the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, and the hot water is used when used. It can be transported from the inlet and outlet port 31 into the bathroom 41.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar bathroom 4 can share the insulation layer and the waterproof layer with the roof. Compared with the existing technology, the structure is simpler and the installation is easier, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and greatly improve the use. Life expectancy can provide a lot of cheap hot water.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar bathroom 4 can also be implemented in such a way that the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 is changed into a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2, the air passes through the composite foam Black porcelain solar collector plate 1 absorbs solar heat and heats the heated air to the building integrated insulation
  • the water tank indirectly heats and forms a circulation through the heat exchange tube or the hot water exchanger, thereby avoiding the growth of the algae, and avoiding the inner surface of the hollow transparent cover plate 23 from lowering the transmittance of sunlight due to the action of water vapor, thereby making the heat efficiency Got an improvement.
  • the black porcelain solar heat collecting plate of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar bathroom may be hollow or solid, but no matter what shape and structure is adopted, as long as the black porcelain is used It is within the scope of the present invention that the layer absorbs solar heat directly or indirectly to heat the water.
  • the black porcelain solar heat collecting plate of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar storage tank may also be hollow or solid, but no matter what shape and structure is adopted, as long as it is utilized
  • the black porcelain layer absorbs solar heat to heat the water, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
  • Construction method Select a sunny roof, use brick and cement mortar to build a box with a height of about 20-25 cm, a width of about 200 cm and a length of about 100-200 cm. The circumference and bottom of the box are glued with cement mortar.
  • Composite foam black porcelain solar The heat collecting plate 1 is provided with an inlet and outlet port 31, a sewage outlet 32, an overflow opening 33, and a hollow transparent cover plate 23 (the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is installed at the end) to form a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64.
  • a heat exchange tube 63 is installed at a central portion of both sides of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64, and an air inlet 621 of the heat exchange tube 63 is disposed at the end of the heat exchange tube 63 and is sealed and connected to the intake line 62.
  • An air outlet 611 of the heat exchange tube 63 is disposed at the other end of the heat exchange tube 63 and is sealed and connected to the air outlet line 61, and then the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is covered on the top of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64, with screws Fix, apply sealant to prevent leakage of rain and air.
  • the inlet and outlet ports 31 When in use, the inlet and outlet ports 31 are opened, and the water can be turned off by the overflow port 33.
  • the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64 can be disposed in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64.
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 absorbs solar heat heating, and can also pass through the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 and the heat exchange tube 63 disposed in the building integrated composite black ceramic solar water storage tank 64.
  • Construction method Select a sunny roof, use brick and cement mortar to build a box with a height of about 15-20 cm, a width of about 200 cm, and a length of about 100-200 cm.
  • the surrounding and bottom of the box are cemented with cement mortar.
  • the foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 is provided with an overflow port 33 at the upper side of the box body, a lower circulation port 731 at the middle and lower portions, a water outlet 31 at the lower side, a drain outlet 32 at the bottom, and a circulation port at the upper middle portion.
  • the port 741 is sequentially connected to the outlet end of the upper circulation line 74 and the hot water exchanger 72, and the lower circulation port 731 is sequentially connected to the inlet end of the lower circulation line 73 and the hot water exchanger 72, and the hot water exchanger 72 and the heat pump 71 are connected.
  • the water heater 7 works using the solar water heater mode; when the solar radiation is normal
  • the water heater 7 operates in a solar heat pump mode, and is assisted by a heat pump 71 while absorbing solar energy; when there is no sun irradiation, the water heater 7 operates using a heat pump mode, that is, heat pump 71.
  • the split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat pump water heater 7 of the invention has obvious advantages compared with the conventional solar heat pump water heater, and the composite foam black porcelain solar water storage box 64 is surrounded by a composite foam black porcelain solar energy set.
  • the hot plate 1 has a heat absorbing function and a heat insulating function and can form an insulating layer and a waterproof layer together with the building roof to absorb solar energy.
  • the split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat pump water heater 7 can also be implemented in such a manner.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64 is changed into a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2, and the air is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, and the heated air is transported to the building.
  • the integrated insulated water storage tank heats and inverts the water indirectly through the heat exchange tube or the hot water exchanger, thereby avoiding the growth of the algae, and avoiding the inner surface of the hollow transparent cover plate 23 from lowering the sunlight transmittance due to the action of water vapor. The thermal efficiency is improved.
  • the black ceramic solar collector plate in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water storage tank 64 of the split type building integrated composite composite black ceramic solar heat pump water heater 7 can also be hollow or solid.
  • the black ceramic layer to absorb the heat of the sun directly or indirectly to heat the water.
  • Split-type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner 8 mainly consists of building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 with composite foam black porcelain solar collector board 1 or building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 Solar water heater type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner or solar air collector type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar energy composed of absorption air conditioner 81, lower circulation pipeline 73, upper circulation pipeline 74 air conditioning.
  • Solar water heater type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner mainly consists of absorption air conditioner 81, lower circulation pipeline 73, lower circulation port 731, upper circulation pipeline 74, upper circulation port 741, building integrated composite foam black porcelain
  • the solar water heater 3 is composed.
  • Construction and installation method Select a sunny roof, use brick and cement mortar to build a height of about 15-20 cm. The length and width can be set according to the long width of the roof.
  • the cement mortar is used around the bottom and bottom of the cabinet.
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 is pasted, and the water inlet 31 is provided at the lower portion, the sewage outlet 32 is provided at the bottom, the overflow opening 33 is provided at the upper portion, the circulation opening 741 is provided at the upper middle portion, and the lower circulation opening 731 is provided at the middle and lower portions of the one side.
  • the upper circulation port 741 and the lower circulation port 731 are diagonally distributed, and then the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is mounted on the top, fixed by screws, and coated with a sealant to prevent leakage of air, and the lower circulation port 731 is sequentially and downwardly
  • the circulation line 73, the absorption air conditioner 81, the upper circulation line 74, and the upper circulation nozzle 741 are connected to form a circulation system, so that the solar water heater type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner 8 of the present invention is installed.
  • the water inlet and outlet 31 switch to the overflow port 33, the water can be turned off, the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 passes through the lower circulation port 731 and the lower circulation line 73, the absorption air conditioner 81, The circulation line 74 and the upper circulation nozzle 741 are connected to form a hot water circulation system.
  • the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, when the building integrates composite foam black
  • the absorption air conditioner 81 can be driven when the water in the porcelain solar water heater 3 is heated to a certain temperature.
  • the energy conversion of hot water with a temperature greater than 65 ° C can produce cold air with a temperature lower than 25 ° C, which can be used for summer air conditioning; winter sunshine can heat the water of a solar water heater to more than 30 ⁇ as a heating supply building for heating.
  • Solar air collector type split type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner mainly consists of absorption air conditioner 81, lower circulation pipeline 73, upper circulation pipeline 74, building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 .
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is mainly composed of a composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1, an air inlet 21, an air outlet 22, and a hollow transparent cover plate 23.
  • Construction and installation method Choose a sunny roof, use brick and cement mortar to build a height of about 15-20 cm. The length and width can also be set according to the long width of the roof.
  • the cement mortar is used around the inner surface of the cabinet and the bottom.
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1 is pasted, and the air inlet 21 is disposed at one lower portion, and the air outlet 22 is disposed at one upper portion, and then the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is covered on the top of the box and fixed by screws.
  • the sealant prevents leaking air and leaks, and a closed space is formed between the hollow transparent cover plate 23 and the box body, and the air outlet 22 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 and the upper circulation of the absorption air conditioner 81 are formed.
  • the pipeline 74 is connected, and the inlet 21 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is connected with the lower circulation pipeline 73 of the absorption air conditioner 81 to constitute a circulation system, so that the solar air collector of the invention
  • the split-type building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air conditioner was installed.
  • Building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar house 9 is composed of house 91, building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof (or building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar wall) 92, building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 is mainly composed of a composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1, an inlet and outlet port 31, a sewage outlet 32, an overflow port 33, a hollow transparent cover plate 23, and a steel pipe 921.
  • Construction method Select a sunny roof, use brick and cement mortar to build a pool with a height of about 15-20 cm, length and width, and then paste the composite foam black porcelain with cement mortar around the bottom and bottom of the tank.
  • the heat collecting plate 1 is provided with an inlet and outlet port 31 at the lower portion, a sewage outlet 32 at the bottom, and an overflow opening 33 at the upper portion.
  • the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is supported and connected by a steel pipe 921 at a certain distance from the top of the pool body, and is fixed by screws.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 connects the inlet and outlet 31 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 through the pipeline to the inlet and outlet pipes in the house 91, thereby constituting the building integrated composite foam black of the invention.
  • the water in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, the top spacing
  • the steel plate 821 is used to support and connect the hollow transparent cover plate 23 at a certain distance, and the joint between the hollow transparent cover plate 23 is coated with a waterproof sealant to form a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92, and the building integrated composite foam Black porcelain solar roofs can produce hot water in the same season of the year 92.
  • the water of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar roof 92 can be discharged, and the air is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1 to absorb the solar heat.
  • the black porcelain solar collector plate of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar house can also be hollow or solid, but no matter what shape and structure is adopted, as long as the black is utilized It is within the scope of the present invention that the porcelain layer absorbs solar heat to heat water or air.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar wind power generation device is mainly composed of an air inlet pipe 101, a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2, a hot air branch 102, a total air passage 103, and an air turbine 104.
  • the composite foam black porcelain solar air collector 2 is mainly composed of a composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate 1, an air inlet 21, an air outlet 22, a hollow transparent cover 23, and a steel pipe 921.
  • the total air duct 103 built on the waste slope is inclined by 0.5 to 2 degrees, and the outlet portion of the total air duct 103 has the largest diameter of 160 m, which is tapered downwards.
  • the hot air passages are connected every 50 m on both sides of the total air duct 103. 102, the inlet duct 101 is installed, each length is 5000 m, the hot air branch 102 and the total air duct 103 are connected at the highest position, the tail end is inclined downward, and the inclination is 0.1 to 2 degrees, and the hot air branch 102 is connected with the total air duct 103. diameter 8m, stepped down step by step, and installed air inlet pipe 101 below 50m parallel to hot air branch 102.
  • Both air inlet pipe 101 and hot air branch 102 have a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane, and the inclination angle of the two is similar.
  • the thickest part of 101 has a diameter of 6 m.
  • the length of the box is not limited, the surrounding and bottom of the box is cemented with a cement foam black ceramic solar collector board 1 and the air inlet 21 is provided at the bottom, and the air outlet 22 is provided at the upper part.
  • the air inlet 21 of the porcelain solar air collector 2 is connected to the upper end of the air inlet pipe 101, and the air outlet 22 is connected to the lower end of the hot air branch 102.
  • the air flow direction is from bottom to top, the lower port of the air inlet pipe 101 is open, and the upper port is closed; the hot air branch is closed.
  • the air turbine 104 is installed at the exit of the air duct 103, or the air inlet duct 101 is removed, and the air turbine 104 is installed step by step in the hot air branch 102 and the total air duct 103, so that the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar duct power generation device is installed. carry out.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar wind power generation device technology has obvious advantages compared with the prior art, and the prior art solar heat collecting plate and the heat insulating layer are not integrated into one, and an additional insulating layer needs to be installed, and the installation is compared. Trouble, at the same time, the insulation materials used in the insulation layer also have certain defects, which affect the insulation effect to a certain extent, can not reach the same long service life as the heat collector plate, and the maintenance is troublesome in the future, and there are more joints of the heat collecting plate, and the installation is compared.
  • the composite integrated black foam solar power generation device of the present invention has a solid internal structure by using a composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting plate which simultaneously forms a heat collecting layer and a heat insulating layer of the ceramic solar heat collecting plate.
  • the utility model has the functions of heat collecting and heat preservation, integrates the heat collecting function and the heat insulating function, has good heat preservation effect, and makes the heat insulating layer reach the same long service life of the heat collecting layer, and is convenient to be combined with the building, and is not required for installation. Add insulation materials, there is no aging and failure, and there is very little maintenance in the future. No connection between the hot nozzle plate more convenient to install, easy to leak, More efficient, lower cost, and lower power generation costs.
  • the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the greenhouse is about 30 °C, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector can exceed 120 °C.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar wind channel has higher efficiency than the solar chimney.
  • the cost of the integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air collector is lower than that of the glass greenhouse.
  • the hot air's branch road and the total wind tunnel are built on the mountain, and the cost is lower than the chimney. Therefore, the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air duct has Lower power generation technology.
  • the black porcelain solar heat collecting plate in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air passage power generating device may also be hollow or solid, regardless of the shape and structure of the shape. As long as the black ceramic layer is used to absorb the heat of the sun to heat the air, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • Building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar collector field hot water power generation device 11 mainly consists of inlet pipe (cold pipe) 111, outlet pipe (hot water pipe) 112, building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3, cold water pool 113, The heat preservation hot water pool 114, the power generation device 115, and the circulation line 116 are composed.
  • Building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 mainly consists of composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1, water inlet 31, water outlet 33, sewage outlet 32, hollow transparent cover 23, steel pipe 921.
  • Construction method In the relatively flat sunshine, wasteland, desert construction and building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar thermal field hot water power generation device 11, first level the ground, tamping, reinforcement, and then lay a layer of cement Concrete, a plurality of inlet pipes 111 and outlet pipes 112 are laid at a certain distance, and a cold water pool 113, a heat preservation hot water tank 114, a power generating device 115 are installed, and a plurality of sets of composite foam are installed between the water inlet pipe 111 and the water outlet pipe 112.
  • the length of the pool body, the surrounding and bottom of the pool body is cemented with a cement foam black ceramic solar collector board 1 and a water inlet 31 at the lower part, a water outlet 33 at the upper part, a sewage outlet 32 at the bottom, a top spacing
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3, the water outlet 33 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 is sequentially connected with the water outlet 112, the water inlet end of the heat preservation hot water pool 114, the water outlet end of the heat preservation hot water pool 114 and the power generation device 115 is connected to the water inlet end, the water outlet end of the power generation device 115 is connected to the water inlet end of the cold water pool 113, the water outlet end of the cold water pool 113 is connected to the water inlet end of the circulation pipeline 116, and the water outlet end of the circulation pipeline 116 is connected with the water inlet end of the inlet water pipe 111.
  • the water outlet end of the inlet pipe 111 is connected with the water inlet 31 of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3, thereby forming a thermal cycle, so that the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generation device of the present invention is installed.
  • the water in the thermal pool 140 into the concentrating high-temperature solar device is further heated to a higher temperature hot water, steam-water mixture, high-temperature high-pressure steam into the power generation device to generate electricity and enter the cold water pool 113, the temperature in the cold water pool 113
  • the low water enters the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 through the circulation line 116 and the water inlet 31 and is again heated by the sun.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar thermal field hot water power generation device 11 of the present invention can also be implemented in such a manner that the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar water heater 3 is changed into a building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar air.
  • the collector 2 the air is heated by the composite foam black porcelain solar collector plate 1 to absorb the solar heat, and the heated air is sent to the heat preservation hot water pool 114 to heat and form the circulation indirectly through the heat exchange tube or the hot water exchanger, thereby avoiding the circulation.
  • the growth of algae prevents the inner surface of the hollow transparent cover 23 from lowering the solar transmittance due to the action of water vapor, thereby improving the thermal efficiency.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device of the invention has obvious advantages compared with the prior art, and the heat collecting plate and the heat insulating layer of the ceramic solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device are not integrated into one. It is necessary to install an additional insulation layer, which is troublesome to install. At the same time, the insulation material used in the insulation layer also has certain defects, which affects the insulation effect to a certain extent, can not reach the same long service life as the heat collection plate, and is troublesome in future maintenance.
  • the installation is complicated, and water leakage is easy to occur, which affects the use effect; and the heat collecting plate of the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device 11 of the present invention is integrated with the heat insulating layer, and the heat insulating effect is obtained.
  • the heat collecting plate has the same long service life as the heat collecting plate, which is convenient to be combined with the building.
  • There is no need to install insulation materials during installation there is no aging and failure problem, and there is little need for maintenance in the future.
  • the installation is more convenient, and it is not easy to leak and leak, which is more efficient and lower in cost. Lower electricity costs.
  • the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar collector field can obtain hot water, and the flow rate can be greater than the hot water flow of any known geothermal day, and there is no need to carry out risky geothermal resources. Exploration, without the need for expensive drilling and wastewater recharge, the hot water will not scale and corrode equipment, so the building cost of building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar collector hot water power generation equipment should be lower than geothermal power generation cost.
  • the black porcelain solar heat collecting plate in the building integrated composite foam black porcelain solar heat collecting field hot water power generating device can also be hollow or solid, no matter what shape it takes.
  • the structure is as long as the black ceramic layer absorbs solar heat to directly or indirectly heat the water or directly heat the air, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

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Description

复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板及其生产方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷制造和陶瓷制品应用的技术领域, 具体说是涉及到太阳能利用的陶瓷 板材, 特别是一种由普通陶瓷层、 泡沫陶瓷层和黑瓷层组成的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 及其生产方法与其产品应用。
背景技术
随着地球化石燃料资源逐渐枯竭, 在有限时间内寻找新的大规模可替代能源是摆在人 类面前的一项迫切任务。
太阳的能量十分巨大, 其到地球陆地表面的辐射能总量比地球上消耗各种能源的总量 大几万倍, 因此太阳能是大规模可替代能源的主要途径之一。但由于太阳能是低密度能源, 所以收集太阳能需面积巨大的收集器, 太阳能利用的成本主要由收集器决定, 关键是收集 器的成本、 寿命、 效率, 目前使用量最大的太阳能收集器是管板式集热器与真空管式集热 器, 两者生产工艺复杂, 耗能多, 制造成本高, 集热效率容易衰减, 使用寿命较短; 同时, 随着社会经济的发展, 城镇乡村的建筑屋面面积每年大幅度增加, 太阳能集热器必须实现 与建筑一体化, 才能获得更大的发展空间, 现有太阳能集热器受其太阳能集热体的材料和 结构的制约, 难以实现与建筑一体化, 因此传统的太阳能集热器还不能完全使太阳能成为 大规模可替代能源, 必须重新寻找一种价格很低, 寿命很长同时长期使用集热效率几乎不 衰减的太阳能集热器, 从而使太阳能成为大规模可替代能源。 有鉴于此, 出现了各式各样 的陶瓷太阳能集热板的设计方案, 如黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板 (专利申请号 200710013767 )、 大尺寸中空陶瓷板的制造方法及应用产品 (专利申请号 200710014778), 陶瓷泥浆注浆成 型复合陶瓷太阳板 (专利申请号 2009100142228 ) 等, 这些技术是以普通陶瓷原料和钒钛 黑瓷或传统黑瓷生产表面黑色或深色中空陶瓷太阳能集热板, 这些技术都具有生产成本都 很低, 使用寿命都很长, 集热效率都很高并且长期使用几乎不衰减的特点, 可以制造太阳 能集热器、 太阳能热水器、 更适合用于建造陶瓷太阳能房顶、 向阳墙面, 与建筑共用防水 层、 保温隔热层, 实行与建筑一体化, 与建筑同寿命, 可以提供低成本热水、 夏季空调、 冬季暖风, 结合我国现有的陶瓷产业的规模和数量, 使太阳能成为大规模可替代能源成为 可能, 但这些技术还存在一些问题, 最主要表现在集热层和保温层没有同时一次烧成, 安 装时还需加装保温材料, 工作量较大, 尤其是所使用的保温材料尽管保温性能都比较好, 但也存在一些弊病, 如岩棉板吸水率很大, 不吸水时其导热系数较小, 而一旦吸水后, 其 导热系数增大,而且由于岩棉内部吸水长期不易蒸发,对陶瓷太阳能的保温效果影响较大; 膨胀珍珠岩制品、膨胀蛭石制品的吸水率也较大, 从而导致导热系数增大, 影响保温效果; 聚苯板、 聚氨脂板, 聚乙烯板, 虽然导热系数较低, 但吸水率较大, 膨胀系数也较大, K 寸稳定性差, 再有防火性能也较差, 还存在老化和失效问题, 同时由于中空陶瓷板接口多, 安装比较麻烦, 易漏水, 长时间使用保温效果较差, 难以满足需要, 以上是制约陶瓷太阳 能集热板快速发展的主要问题。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是发明一种可以将陶瓷太阳能集热板集热层与保温层及普通陶 瓷层同时一次烧成型的可与建筑一体化的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板。
本发明的第二个目的是提供复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板的生产方法。
本发明的第三个目的是其产品的应用。
1、 实现第一个发明目的所采取的技术方案- 一种复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 由普通陶瓷层 11、 黑瓷层 13组成, 其特征在于: 还包括泡沫陶瓷层 12, 泡沫陶瓷层 12位于中层, 普通陶瓷层 11位于基底层, 黑瓷层 13 位于表面层, 基底层普通陶瓷层 11、 中层泡沫陶瓷层 12、 表面层黑瓷层 13三层烧成为一 体。
2、 实现第二个发明目的所采用的技术方案:
复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板的生产方法, 包括以下步骤:
(1)分别制备普通陶瓷粉料、 泡沫陶瓷粉料、 钒钛黑瓷粉料或其它黑瓷粉料;
(2)采用三次布料工艺, 基底层为普通陶瓷粉料, 中层为泡沫陶瓷粉料, 表面层为钒钕 黑瓷粉料或其它黑瓷粉料, 装入模腔后经压砖机成型成为基底层普通陶瓷层 11、 中层泡沫 陶瓷层 12、 表面层黑瓷层 13三层为一体的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板坯体, 然后经干燥 窑干燥, 或先将普通陶瓷层和泡沫陶瓷层压制成型后, 再在其表面喷涂黑瓷材料并经千燥 窑干燥;
(3)利用辊道窑进行烧成, 烧成温度为 1100— 1250°C, 烧成周期 60-120分钟;
(4)磨边、 检验、 包装。
步骤 (1)中普通陶瓷粉料, 即长石、 高岭土等矿物湿法粉碎后, 喷雾千燥造粒, 所述的 中层泡沫陶瓷粉料即在普通陶瓷粉中加入一定数量的传统陶瓷发泡剂或加入一定数量陶 瓷抛光废渣作为发泡剂, 最好使用陶瓷抛光废渣作为发泡剂以降低成本并减少污染。 本发 明所述的表面层黑瓷粉料是提钒尾渣或其它陶瓷黑色着色剂。 本发明的基底层普通陶瓷层 11和中层泡沫陶瓷层 12和表面层黑瓷层 13烧成为一体, 内部结构牢固, 既具有集热功能, 又具有保温功能, 将集热功能和保温功能实行了一体化, 底层为普通陶瓷层 11易与建筑结合, 很容易实现与建筑一体化。
本发明的方法可采用普通陶瓷砖辊道窑烧成工艺, 可以利用现有的设备实行连续化生 产, 易于控制, 且成本低, 产量大。 本发明的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板的泡沫陶瓷层具 有独立的封闭微小气孔结构, 容重低, 导热系数小, 不吸湿, 不透气, 不燃烧, 耐酸碱, 无毒, 化学性能稳定, 不但安全可靠, 而且经久耐用, 使陶瓷太阳能集热板的保温层达到 集热层同样长的使用寿命。
3、 实现第三个目的是其产品的应用
本发明产品复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1的应用, 主要包括建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能空气集热器、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能浴室、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池、 分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能热水器、 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器、 分体式建筑一 体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房、 建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置。
(1)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器。 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂 浆建一个箱体, 箱体内四周和底部粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在箱体下部设进 气口 21、 另一侧上部设出气口 22, 箱体顶部安装有中空透光盖板 23, 中空透光盖板 23与 箱体之间形成密闭空间, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2, 建筑一体化 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内的空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热 量加热成热空气, 箱体内的温度稳定, 热损失较小, 热空气可以通过出气口 22、 出气管道 输送至用气设施, 与进气管道、 进气口 21连接构成热循环。 由于复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集 热板 1是由普通陶瓷层 11、 泡沫陶瓷层 12和黑瓷层 13烧成为一体的结构, 所以吸热快, 保温效果好, 且能与建筑容易牢固结合, 耐用。 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空 气集热器 2与传统的太阳能空气集热器相比具有明显的优势,主要是结构简单,热损耗小, 集热效率高, 使用寿命长, 长期使用集热效率几乎不衰减, 维修容易, 可以大幅度降低制 造成本, 满足各种用户所需。
(2)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器。 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建 一个池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在池体侧 面下部设进出水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 上部设溢水口 33, 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖 在池体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 31连接至建筑内用 水设施的进出水管, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3。 水直接贮在建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热。 本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3与传统的太阳能热水器相比具有明显的 优势, 既可以大幅度降低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 还可以消除各种安全隐
(3)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室。 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一 个池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在池体内侧 面下部设进出水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 上部设溢水口 33、 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖 在池体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 31与浴室 41内的进 出水管连接, 这样构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室 4。 水直接贮在建筑一体化复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 可与 楼顶共用保温层和防水层, 与现有的技术相比结构更简单, 安装更容易, 既可以大幅度降 低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 可以提供大量的廉价热水。
(4)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池。 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建 一个水池, 水池内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在下部设 有进出水口 31 , 底部设排污口 32, 上部设溢水口 33, 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在水池 的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 31与建筑内用水设施的进 出水管相连接, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池 5。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能贮水池 5内的水通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热。 本发明建筑 一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池 5与目前使用的不锈钢水塔相比具有明显优势, 既可以 大幅度降低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 还可以作太阳能热水器用。
(5)分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器。 分体式建筑一体化双重 集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 6主要由建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2、 进气管路 62、 进气口 621、 换热管 63、 出气口 611、 出气管路 61、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能贮水箱 64组成。 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适当 的箱体, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并设有进出水 口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23 (中空透光盖板 23在最后安装), 组成建 筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64, 然后在建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内两侧中部位置安装换热管 63, 在换热管 63—端设置换热管 63的进气口 621并密封 连接进气管路 62, 在换热管 63另一端设置换热管 63的出气口 611并密封连接出气管路 61, 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64的顶部, 用 螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 形成密闭空间。 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 空气集热器 2安装好, 出气口 22与换热管 63的进气管路 62相连接, 进气口 21与换热管 63的出气管路 61相连接, 形成循环, 这样组成本发明的分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 6。
建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2经太阳加热的空气从出气口 22流出经 进气管路 62、 进气口 621进入建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的换热管 63, 换热管 63将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水加热,空气变冷经换热管 63 出气口 611、 出气管路 61经建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2进气口 21进入 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内重新加热, 构成热循环。 由于建筑一体化 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水可以通过复合泡沬黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热 量加热, 从而与建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2形成了双重集热效果, 因此 本发明分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 6与传统的太阳能热水器 相比具有明显的优势, 可大幅度降低了制作成本, 大幅度提高了热效率, 并大幅度提高了 使用寿命, 保温效果好, 方便清洗维修, 可与建筑结成一体, 适于各种建筑安装。
(6)分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器。 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7由热泵 71、 热水交换器 72、 下循环管路 73、 下循环口 731、 上循 环管路 74、 上循环口 741、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64组成。 选择阳光充 足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适当的箱体, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆 粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1,并在箱体一侧上部设溢水口 33、中下部设下循环口 731, 另一侧下部设进出水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 中上部设上循环口 741, 上循环口 741与下 循环口 731呈对角线分布, 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在箱体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂 上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 形成密闭空间, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64, 将上循环口 741依次与上循环管路 74和热水交换器 72出水端连接, 将下循环口 731依次 与下循环管路 73和热水交换器 72进水端连接, 热水交换器 72与热泵 71连接, 构成分体 式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7。 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 热泵热水器 7的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水通过上循环口 741和下 循环口 731与热泵 71、 热水交换器 72、 上循环管路 74、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 贮水箱 64、 下循环管路 73连接形成热水循环系统。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水 箱 64内的水可以通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 当太阳辐射强时, 该热水器工作使用太阳能热水器模式; 当太阳辐射一般时, 该热水器工作使用太阳能热泵 模式, 在吸收太阳能的同时, 用热泵辅助加热; 当无太阳时, 该热水器工作使用热泵模式。 本发明的分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7与传统的太阳能热泵热水器 相比具有明显优势, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内部四周和底部表面粘贴 有复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 具有吸热功能和保温功能并可以与建筑屋面共用保温层 和防水层, 能吸收太阳光能, 中空透光盖板 23在允许阳光通过的同时, 能阻止建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的热量以空气对流的方式传递到环境中去, 不需要专 门安装太阳能集热器和保温箱体, 水箱既可方便清洗维修又能吸热, 冷凝器不需要安装在 贮水箱内, 避免水中氯离子腐蚀, 避免水质污染, 延长机组寿命, 制作成本更低, 安装使 用更简单, 可以全天候供热, 既可以大幅度降低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 还可以在保证连续供热的同时充分利用太阳能, 最大限度地节约能源。
(7)分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调。 主要由安装有复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集 热板 1的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3或建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气 集热器 2、 吸收式空调 81、 下循环管路 73、 上循环管路 74组成的太阳能热水器型分体式 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调或太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能空调。 所述的太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调是选 择在阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂桨建一个长宽高比例适当的的箱体, 箱体内四周和底 部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1 , 并在下部设进出水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 上部设溢水口 33、 一侧中上部设上循环口 741、 一侧中下部设下循环口 731, 上循环 口 741与下循环口 731呈对角线分布, 然后在顶部安装中空透光盖板 23, 用螺钉固定, 涂 上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将下循环口 731依次与下循环管路 73、 吸收式空调 81、 上循环 管路 74、上循环管口 7.41连接组成循环系统, 这样本发明的太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一 体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调就安装完成。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内的 水通过下循环口 731依次与下循环管路 73、 吸收式空调 81、 上循环管路 74、 上循环管口 741连接形成热水循环系统。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内的水通过复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热,当水加热到一定温度时即可驱动吸收式空调 81。
所述的太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调是选择阳光 充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适当的箱体, 箱体内表面四周和底部用水 泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在一侧下部设进气口 21, 一侧上部设出气口 22 , 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在箱体的顶部用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 中空透光盖板 23与箱体之间形成密闭空间, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热 器 2的出气口 22与吸收式空调 81的上循环管路 74连接, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能空气集热器 2的进气口 21与吸收式空调 81的下循环管路 73连接, 构成循环系统, 这样太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调 8就安装完成。 建筑 一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内的空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收 太阳热量加热, 加热空气从出气口 22引出经吸收式空调 81的上循环管路 74进入吸收式 空调 81,当建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内的空气加热到一定温度时即可 驱动吸收式空调 81, 为室内制冷或供暖, 经吸收式空调 81降温后的空气, 依次经吸收式 空调 81的下循坏管路 73、建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的进气口 21进入 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2重新加热, 构成热循环。
分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调可由一个或多个建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能热水器 3或建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2配套使用, 可根据需要 确定配套的数量。
分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调与现有的技术相比具有明显的优势, 由于 采用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板制作太阳能热水器或空气集热器, 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集 热板由普通陶瓷层、 泡沫陶瓷层、 黑瓷层组成, 三者经超千度的温度烧制而成为一体, 具 有优良的保温、 光热转换与长使用寿命的特性, 容易与建筑结合, 制造成本低廉、 不腐蚀、 不老化, 长期使用集热器集热效率也几乎不衰减, 大幅度降低了太阳能集热器的制造成本 从而使太阳能空调的制造成本得到了大幅度降低, 并且也使太阳能集热器的使用寿命得到 了大幅度提高, 可以满足各种用户所需。
(8)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房。 主要由房屋 91、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能房顶(或建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能墙面) 92组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 房 9。所述的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92是选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥 砂浆建一个池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并设 有进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33, 顶部安装有中空透光盖板 23, 池体顶部间隔一定 距离用钢管 921支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23, 用螺钉固定, 中空透光盖板 23之间的接缝 涂上防水密封胶即构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92,将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能房顶 92的进出水口 31经管路与房屋 91内的进出水管连接好, 即构成本发明建 筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房 9。建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92—年四季都可 以生产热水; 在冬天时也可以将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶的水放掉, 使空气通 过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板吸收太阳热量加热, 将加热空气输入建筑物内为房间提供暖 气。 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92安装在向阳墙面上即构成建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能墙面。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房与现有的技术相比, 由于采取与 建筑共用保温层和防水层, 同时建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92内的水或空气通 过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热,为建筑提供热水或暖气,结构更简单, 安装更容易, 综合建造成本大幅度降低, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命。
(9)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风 道发电装置主要由进风管 101、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2、 热风支道 102、 总风道 103、 空气涡轮机 104组成, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2主 要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1、 进气口 21、 出气口 22、 中空透光盖板 23、 钢管 921 组成。 选择阳光充足的向阳山坡和山坡下的坡地, 上下左右分列, 中间为总风道 103, 总 风道 103从山峰顶部顺向阳山坡延伸到荒坡上, 适当倾斜, 总风道 103两侧每隔一段距离 设置并连接若干个热风支道 102, 热风支道 102与总风道 103连接处最高, 尾端向下倾斜, 与热风支道 102平行相距一定距离的下方安装进风管 101, 进风管 101与热风支道 102均 与水平面成一定倾角, 在热风支道 102和进风管 101之间安装若干组由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2, 方法是: 在经过夯实加固 的地面上先铺一层水泥混凝土, 再用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适度的箱体, 箱体内 四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在底部设进气口 21, 上部设 出气口 22, 顶部间隔一定距离安装钢管 921支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气形成密闭空间组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2 , 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的进气口 21连接进风管 101上端、 出 气口 22连接热风支道 102下端, 气流方向由下向上, 进风管 101下端口敞开, 上端口封 闭; 热风支道 102下端口封闭, 上端口与总风道 103相通, 空气从进风管 101下端口进入 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2被太阳加热向上经热风支道 102进入总风道 103, 从总风道 103上端口排出, 进风管 101下端进口处形成负压, 总风道 103上端出口 处形成正压, 在进风管 101下端进口处和总风道 103出口处分别安装空气涡轮机 104, 空 气在压力差下形成气流, 推动涡轮带动发电机发电, 或者去掉进风管 101, 在热风支道 102 和总风道 103内逐级安装空气涡轮机 104, 这样构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道 发电装置 (10)。 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置技术与现有技术相比具有明显 的优势, 现有技术的太阳集热板与保温层没有烧成为一体, 需要另外安装保温层, 安装比 较麻烦, 同时保温层所使用的保温材料也存在一定缺陷, 一定程度上影响保温效果, 不能 达到与集热板一样长的使用寿命, 日后维修麻烦, 再有集热板的接头较多, 安装比较复杂; 而本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置由于采用将陶瓷太阳能集热板 集热层与保温层同时一次烧成型的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板具有内部结构牢固, 既具有 集热功能, 又具有保温功能, 将集热功能和保温功能实行了一体化, 保温效果好, 使保温 层达到集热层一样长的使用寿命, 很方便与建筑结合, 安装时无需加装保温材料, 不存在 老化和失效问题, 日后很少需要维修, 集热板之间没有管口连接, 安装更方便, 不易漏气, 效率更高, 造价更低, 发电成本更低。
(10)建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能集热场热水发电装置 11主要由进水管 (冷水管) 111、 出水管 (热水管) 112、 建筑 一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3、 冷水池 113、 保温热水池 114、 发电装置 115、 循环 管路 116组成。 选择在日照充足的地势比较平坦的荒滩、 荒地、 沙漠建造建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置, 先将地面整平、 夯实、 加固, 然后铺一层水泥混凝 土, 间隔一定距离铺设若干条进水管 111和出水管 112, 分别建好冷水池 113、 保温热水 池 114、 安装好发电装置 115, 在进水管 111和出水管 112之间安装若干组由复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3, 方法是: 在铺有混凝土 的地面上用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适度的池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘 贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在下部设进水口 31, 上部设出水口 33, 底部设排污口 32, 顶部间隔一定距离安装钢管 921支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23 , 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封 胶以防漏雨漏气构成密闭空间组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3, 将建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3的出水口 33依次与出水管 112、保温热水池 114进水端连 接,保温热水池 114出水端与发电装置 115进水端连接,发电装置 115出水端与冷水池 113 进水端连接, 冷水池 113出水端与循环管路 116进水端连接, 循环管路 116出水端与进水 管 111进水端连接, 进水管 111出水端与建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3进水口 31连接, 构成热循环, 这样本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置 就安装完成。 冷水从进水口 31进入到建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内通过复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热,热水沿着出水管 1 12进入保温热水池 114, 保温热水池 114中的热水进入发电装置 115将热能转化为动能发电后进入冷水池 113, 或 将保温热水池 114内的水进入聚光型高温太阳能装置被进一步加热成为更高温度的热水、 汽水混合物、 高温高压蒸汽进入发电装置发电后进入冷水池 113, 冷水池 113中温度较低 的水经循环管路 116、进水口 31进入建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3中再次被太 阳加热。
本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置与现有技术相比具有 明显的优势, 陶瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置的集热板与保温层没有烧成为一体, 需要另 外安装保温层, 安装比较麻烦, 同时保温层所使用的保温材料也存在一定缺陷, 一定程度 上影响保温效果, 不能达到与集热板一样长的使用寿命, 日后维修麻烦, 再有集热板接头 比较多, 安装比较复杂, 容易出现漏水, 影响使用效果; 而本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置的集热板与保温层烧成为一体, 保温效果好, 达到与集热 板一样长的使用寿命, 很方便与建筑结合, 安装时无需加装保温材料, 不存在老化和失效 问题, 日后很少需要维修, 集热板之间没有管口连接, 安装更方便, 不易出现漏水现象, 效率更高, 造价更低, 发电成本更低。
与地热水发电相比, 用建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场获取热水, 其流量可以 大于任何一座已知的地热日供应的热水流量, 并且不必进行风险很大的地热资源勘探, 不 需进行耗资巨大的钻井和废水回灌, 所取热水不会结垢和腐蚀设备, 所以建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置的发电成本应低于地热发电成本。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图 1本发明复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板的断面示意图。
图 2 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器示意图。
图 3 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器示意图。
图 4本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室示意图。
图 5本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池示意图。
图 6本发明分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器示意图。
图 7本发明分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器示意图。
图 8本发明分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调第一种实施方式示意图。 图 9本发明分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调第二种实施方式示意图。 图 10 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房示意图。
图 11 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置局部结构示意图。 图 12 本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置局部结构示意图。 图中: .
1复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板、 11普通陶瓷层、 12泡沫陶瓷层、 13黑瓷层;
2建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器、 21进气口、 22出气口、 23中空透光 盖板 5
3建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器、 31进出水口、 32排污口、 33溢水口; 4建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室、 41浴室;
5建筑一体化复合泡沬黑瓷太阳能贮水池;
6分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器、 2建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能空气集热器、 61出气管路、 611出气口、 62进气管路、 621进气口、 63换热管、 64建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱;
7分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器、 71热泵、 72热水交换器、 73 下循环管路、 731下循环口、 74上循环管路、 741上循环口、 64建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能贮水箱;
8分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调、 81吸收式空调、 2建筑一体化复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器、 3建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器; , .
9建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房、 91房屋、 92建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房 顶 (或建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能墙面)、 921 钢管;
10建筑一体化复合泡沬黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置、 101进风管、 2建筑一体化复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器、 102热风支道、 103总风道、 104空气涡轮机;
11建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置、 1 11进水管 (冷水管)、 1 12 出水管 (热水管)、 3建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器、 113冷水池、 1 14保温热水 池、 115发电装置、 1 16循环管路。
具体实施方式
1、 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板
参见附图 1。 一种复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 由普通陶瓷层 11、 黑瓷层 13组成, 其特征在于:还包括泡沫陶瓷层 12,泡沫陶瓷层 12位于中层,普通陶瓷层 1 1位于基底层、 黑瓷层 13位于表面层, 基底层普通陶瓷层 11、 中层泡沫陶瓷层 12、 表面层黑瓷层 13三 层烧成为一体。 其中基底层普通陶瓷层厚度为 3—— 8mm, 中层泡沫陶瓷层厚度为 10—— 20 隱, 表面层黑瓷层厚度为 1—— 2 腿。
本实施例的生产过程如下:
(1)制备普通陶瓷粉料:
采用长石、粘土、 叶腊石、滑石等矿物原料满足下列化学组成(重量百分比) Si02 (68% 左右)、 Al203 (19%左右)、 Ca0 (l%左右)、 Mg0 (6%左右)、 KNaO (4%左右)。
将以上原料配料经湿法球磨至一定细度后, 再经喷雾千燥造粒, 粉料水份为 4. 5—— 7. 5%, 进仓陈腐备用。
(2)发泡料的制备
取经均化的瓷质砖抛光废渣 70—— 90%和粘土矿物 10—— 30%配料后经湿法球磨至一 定细度后, 再经喷雾干燥造粒, 粉料水份为 4. 5—— 7. 5%, 进仓陈腐备用。
(3)制备泡沫陶瓷粉料
取前步骤 2的发泡料 55%左右与步骤 1的普通陶瓷粉料 45%左右混合。
(4)制备黑瓷粉料
将提钒尾渣或其它黑瓷物质磨至一定细度备用。
(5)布料、 成型及千燥
采用三次布料工艺, 按各层厚度要求, 先布入步骤 1的普通陶瓷粉料, 再布入步骤 3 泡沫陶瓷粉料, 最后再布入步骤 4的黑瓷粉料于自动压机模腔中, 经自动压机成型后入干 燥窑干燥, 或先将普通陶瓷层和泡沫陶瓷层压制成型后, 再在其表面喷涂黑瓷材料并经干 燥窑干燥。
(6)烧成与磨边
将上述坯体送入辊道窑中烧成, 烧成温度控制在 1100—— 1250°C , 烧成周期 60—— 120分钟, 出窑后进行磨边得到成品。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式, 此种复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板中的泡沫陶瓷层还可 以是泡沫玻璃层或泡沫玻璃陶瓷层, 此种复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板不论采用何种形状、 何种结构及何种方法生产, 也不论泡沫层采用何种材料、 何种配方, 只要是泡沫层与黑瓷 层烧成为一体的, 即认为落在本发明保护之内, 此发明保护范围还包括在复合中空黑瓷太 阳能集热板下设置泡沫层并烧成为一体的, 都是本发明的一种变型, 均认为落在本发明保 护范围之内。
2、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器
参见附图 2, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能集热板 1、 进气口 21、 出气口 22、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造方法: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 15— 20cm, 宽约 200cm, 长约 100— 200cm的箱体, 箱体内表面四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集 热板 1, 并在下部设进气口 21, 上部设出气口 22, 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在箱体的 顶部用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 使中空透光盖板 23与箱体之间形成密闭空 间, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 空气集热器 2内的空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热成热空气, 建 筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内的温度稳定, 热损失较小, 热空气可以通过 出气口 22、 出气管道输送至用气设施, 与进气管道、 进气口 21连接构成热循环。
使用时, 空气从进气口 21进入到建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内通 过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 加热空气从出气口 22引出直接输送 到用气设施使用, 也可以利用储热材料将白天太阳热量储存起来供夜间使用, 还可以利用 加热空气间接将水加热的方法来生产热水。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器与 现有的技术相比具有明显优势,既可以大幅度降低制造成本,又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 并且长期使用集热效率几乎不衰减。
此外, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2还可以建在向阳墙面上。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的黑瓷 太阳能集热板还可以是中空的或实心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑 瓷层吸收太阳热量将空气加热的, 即落在本发明保护范围之内。
3、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器
参见附图 3, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3, 主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 集热板 1、 进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造方法:选择阳光充足的楼顶,用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 15—— 20cm,宽约 200cni, 长约 100—— 200cm的池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂桨粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热 板 1, 并在侧面下部设进出水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 上部设溢水口 33 , 然后将中空透 光盖板 23覆盖在池体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 31连 接至建筑内用水设施的进出水管, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3。
使用时, 打幵进出水口 31开关, 至溢水口 33流水时即可关掉, 建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内的水通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 建筑一 体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器与传统的太阳能热水器相比具有明显的优势, 既可以大幅 度降低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 还可以消除各种安全隐患。
建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3还可以通过这样的方式来实施, 使用建筑一 体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2, 空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳 热量加热, 将加热空气输送到建筑一体化保温贮水箱通过换热管或热水交换器间接将水加 热并形成循环, 从而避免藻类滋生, 并避免中空透光盖板 23内表面由于水蒸汽的作用降 低阳光透过率, 使热效率得到了提高。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器的黑瓷太阳能 集热板还可以是中空的或实心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑瓷层吸 收太阳热量直接或间接将水加热的, 即落在本发明保护范围之内。
4、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室
参见附图 4。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室 4由浴室 41、 建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能热水器 3组成, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能集热板 1、 进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造方法:选择阳光充足的楼顶,用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 15—— 20cm,宽约 200cm, 长约 100—— 200cm的池体, 或根据用水需求建设高约 15—— 20cm, 宽度、 长度不限的池 体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在池体内侧面下 部设进出水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 上部设溢水口 33、 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在池 体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 31与浴室 41内的进出水 管连接, 这样构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室 4。
使用时, 打开进出水口 31开关, 至溢水口 33流水时关掉, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能热水器内的水通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 使用时将热水 从进出水口 31输送到浴室 41内即可。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室 4可与楼顶共 用保温层和防水层, 与现有的技术相比结构更简单, 安装更容易, 既可以大幅度降低制造 成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 可以提供大量廉价热水。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能浴室 4可由一个或多个建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3构成, 可以根据洗浴 人数确定安装的数量, 可广泛应用于农村、 学校、 工厂、 医院等, 是低成本规模开发利用 太阳能的首选产品。
建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室 4还可以通过这样的方式来实施, 将建筑一体化 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3改成为建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2, 空气 通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 将加热空气输送到建筑一体化保温 贮水池通过换热管或热水交换器间接将水加热并形成循环, 从而避免了藻类的滋生, 并避 免了中空透光盖板 23内表面由于水蒸汽的作用降低阳光透过率, 使热效率得到了提高。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室的黑瓷太阳能集 热板还可是中空的或实心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑瓷层吸收太 阳热量直接或间接将水加热的, 即落在本发明保护范围之内。
5、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池
参见附图 5。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池 5 , 主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 集热板 1、 进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造方法: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 50 cm , 宽约 200 cm, 长约 100—— 200 cm的水池, 水池内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热 板 1, 并在下部设有进出水口 31, 底部设排污口 32, 上部设溢水口 33, 然后将中空透光 盖板 23覆盖在水池的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 31与建 筑内用水设施的进出水管相连接, 这就构成了建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池 5。
使用时, 打开进出水口 31开关, 将水加到够用户一天用时即关水, 不一定要加满, 不设自动加水装置, 由于用户在上午已用去了建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池 5内 大部分水, 剩下的小部分水通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板吸收太阳热量很容易加热, 建 筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池与目前使用的不锈钢贮水塔相比具有明显的优势, 既 可以大幅度降低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 还可以作太阳能热水器用。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池的黑瓷太阳能 集热板还可以是中空的或实心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑瓷层吸 收太阳热量将水加热的, 即落在本发明的保护范围之内。
6、 分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器
参见附图 6。 分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 6, 主要 ¾建 筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2、 进气管路 62、 进气口 621、 换热管 63、 出气 口 611、 出气管路 61、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64组成, 建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1、进气口 21、出气口 22、 中空透光盖板 23组成, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能集热板 1、 进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造方法: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 20—— 25 cm, 宽约 200 cm, 长约 100—— 200 cm的箱体, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 集热板 1, 并设有进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23 (中空透光盖板 23在最后安装), 组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64, 然后在建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内两侧中部位置安装换热管 63, 在换热管 63—端设置换热管 63的进气口 621并密封连接进气管路 62,在换热管 63另一端设置换热管 63的出气口 611 并密封连接出气管路 61 , 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 贮水箱 64的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气。 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能空气集热器 2安装好, 出气口 22与换热管 63的进气管路 62相连接, 进气口 21与 换热管 63的出气管路 61相连接, 形成循环, 这样分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能热水器 6安装完成。
建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2经太阳加热的空气从出气口 22流出经 进气管路 62、 进气口 621进入建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的换热管 63, 换热管 63将建筑一体化复合泡沬黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水加热,空气变冷经换热管 63 出气口 611、 出气管路 61经建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2进气口 21进入 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内重新加热, 构成热循环。 同时建筑一体化 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水可以通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热 量加热, 从而与建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2形成了双重集热效果。
使用时, 打开进出水口 31开关, 至溢水口 33流水即可关掉, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水既可以设置于建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 还可通过建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 空气集热器 2与设置于建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的换热管 63构成热循 环, 对建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的水加热, 形成了建筑一体化复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热和建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的热空气加热的双重加热效果, 这样热水供应更有保 障, 因此本发明分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 6与传统的太阳 能热水器相比具有明显的优势, 大幅度降低了制作成本, 大幅度提高了热效率, 并大幅度 提高了使用寿命, 保温效果好, 方便清洗维修, 可与建筑结成一体, 适于各种建筑安装。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热 水器 6的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱的黑瓷太阳能集热板还可以是中空的或实 心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑瓷层吸收太阳热量将水加热的, 即 落在本发明的保护范围之内。 7、 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器
参见附图 7。 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7主要由热泵 71、 热 水交换器 72、 下循环管路 73、 下循环口 731、 上循环管路 74、 上循环口 741、 建筑一体化 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64组成。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64主要由复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1、 进出水口 31、 排污口 32 , 溢水口 33、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造方法: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 15—— 20cm, 宽约 200 cm, 长约 100—— 200 cm的箱体, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 集热板 1, 并在箱体一侧上部设溢水口 33、 中下部设下循环口 731 , 另一侧下部设进出水 口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 中上部设上循环口 741, 上循环口 741与下循环口 731呈对角线 分布, 然后将中空透光盖板 23覆盖在箱体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏 气, 将上循环口 741依次与上循环管路 74和热水交换器 72出水端连接, 将下循环口 731 依次与下循环管路 73和热水交换器 72进水端连接, 热水交换器 72与热泵 71连接, 构成 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7。
使用时, 打开进出水口 31开关至溢水口 33流水即可关掉, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能贮水箱 64内的水通过上循环口 741、 上循环管路 74, 与热水交换器 72、 热泵 71、 下循环管路 73、下循环口 731连接形成热水循环系统。建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮 水箱 64内的水可以通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 当太阳辐射强 时, 该热水器 7工作使用太阳能热水器模式; 当太阳辐射一般时, 该热水器 7工作使用太 阳能热泵模式, 在吸收太阳能的同时, 用热泵 71辅助加热; 当无太阳照射时, 该热水器 7 工作使用热泵模式即用热泵 71加热。 本发明的分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热 泵热水器 7与传统的太阳能热泵热水器相比具有明显优势, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能贮水箱 64内部表面四周粘贴有复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1,具有吸热功能和保温功能 并可以与建筑屋面共同构成保温层和防水层, 能吸收太阳光能, 中空保温盖板 23在允许 阳光通过的同时, 能阻止建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的热量以空气对流 方式传递到环境中去, 不需要专门安装太阳能集热器和保温箱体, 水箱既可方便清洗维修 又能吸热, 冷凝器不需要安装在贮水箱内, 避免水中氯离子腐蚀, 避免水质污染, 延长机 组寿命, 制作成本更低, 实现光电互补, 可以全天候供热, 既可以大幅度降低制造成本, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命, 还可以在保证连续供热的同时充分利用太阳能, 最大限度地 节约能源。
分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7还可以通过这样的方式来实施, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64改成为建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气 集热器 2, 空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 将加热空气输送到 建筑一体化保温贮水箱通过换热管或热水交换器间接将水加热并形成循环, 从而避免了藻 类的滋生, 避免了中空透光盖板 23内表面由于水蒸汽的作用降低阳光透过率, 使热效率 得到了提高。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 7 的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 64内的黑瓷太阳能集热板也可以是中空的或实 心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑瓷层吸收太阳热量直接或间接将水 加热的即落在本发明保护范围之内。
8、 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调
参见附图 8和图 9。 分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调 8主要由安装有复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3或建筑一体化复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2、 吸收式空调 81、 下循环管路 73、 上循环管路 74组成的太阳 能热水器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调或太阳能空气集热器型分体式建 筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调。
参见附图 8。 太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调主要由吸收 式空调 81、 下循环管路 73、 下循环口 731、 上循环管路 74、 上循环口 741、 建筑一体化复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3组成。
建造安装方法: 选择在阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆砌一个高约 15—— 20cm, 长 度和宽度可以根据屋面的长宽度设置箱体的长宽度, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在下部设进水口 31、 底部设排污口 32、 上部设溢水口 33、 一侧中上部设上循环口 741、 一侧中下部设下循环口 731, 上循环口 741与下循环口 731 呈对角线分布,然后在顶部安装中空透光盖板 23,用螺钉固定,涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将下循环口 731依次与下循环管路 73、 吸收式空调 81、 上循环管路 74、 上循环管口 741 连接组成循环系统, 这样本发明的太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 空调 8就安装完成。
使用时, 打开进出水口 31开关至溢水口 33流水即可关掉, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能热水器 3内的水通过下循环口 731依次与下循环管路 73、 吸收式空调 81、 上循环 管路 74、上循环管口 741连接形成热水循环系统。建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内的水通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 当建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能热水器 3内的水加热到一定温度时即可驱动吸收式空调 81。 一般来说, 温度大于 65°C的热水的能量转换制取温度低于 25°C的冷风, 可用于夏季空调; 冬季阳光可以将太阳 能热水器的水加热到 30Ό以上作为暖气供应建筑取暖。
参见附图 9。 太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调主要由 吸收式空调 81、 下循环管路 73、 上循环管路 74、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集 热器 2组成。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集 热板 1、 进气口 21、 出气口 22、 中空透光盖板 23组成。
建造安装方法: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 15— 20cm, 长度和 宽度也可以根据屋面的长宽度设置箱体的长宽度, 箱体内表面四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在一侧下部设进气口 21, 一侧上部设出气口 22, 然后将 中空透光盖板 23覆盖在箱体的顶部用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 中空透光盖 板 23与箱体之间形成密闭空间, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的出气 口 22与吸收式空调 81的上循环管路 74连接, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集 热器 2的进气口 21与吸收式空调 81的下循环管路 73连接, 构成循环系统, 这样本发明 的太阳能空气集热器式分体型建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调就安装完成。
使用时, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内的空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 加热空气从出气口 22引出经吸收式空调 81的上循环管 路 74进入吸收式空调 81, 当建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内的空气加热 到一定温度时即可驱动吸收式空调 81, 为室内制冷或供暖, 吸收式空调 81降温后的空气, 依次经吸收式空调 81的下循环管路 73、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的 进气口 21进入建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2重新加热, 构成热循环。
9、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房
参见附图 10。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房 9由房屋 91、 建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能房顶(或建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能墙面) 92组成, 建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能房顶 92主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1、 进出水口 31、 排污口 32、 溢水 口 33、 中空透光盖板 23、 钢管 921组成。
建造方法: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 15—— 20 cm, 长度和 宽度不限的池体,然后在池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1, 并在下部设有进出水口 31 , 底部设排污口 32, 上部设溢水口 33, 在池体顶部间隔一定距 离用钢管 921支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气即构成 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92的进 出水口 31经管路与房屋 91内的进出水管连接好, 即构成本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能房 9。
使用时, 打开进出水口 31开关, 至溢水口 33流水即可关掉, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能房顶 92内的水通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 顶部间隔 一定距离用钢管 821支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23, 中空透光盖板 23之间的接缝涂上防水 密封胶即构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92,建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房 顶 92—年四季都可以生产热水, 在冬天可以将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92的 水放掉, 空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 将加热空气输入楼内 为房屋提供暖气。 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶安装在向阳墙面上即构成建筑一 体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能墙面。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房与现有的技术相比, 由 于建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92与楼顶共用保温层和防水层, 综合建造成本大 幅度降低, 同时建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 92内的水或空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 为建筑提供热水或暖气, 结构更简单, 安装更容易, 综合建造成本大幅度降低, 又可以大幅度提高使用寿命。
本发明不局限与上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房的黑瓷太阳能集热 板也可以是中空的或实心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用黑瓷层吸收太 阳热量将水或空气加热的即落在本发明保护范围之内。
10、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置
参见附图 11。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置主要由进风管 101、 建筑 一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2、 热风支道 102、 总风道 103、 空气涡轮机 104组 成, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1、 进气口 21、 出气口 22、 中空透光盖板 23、 钢管 921组成。
建造方法: 选择阳光充足的荒山和荒山下的荒坡上建造建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能风道, 上下左右分列, 中间为总风道 103, 总风道 103从山峰顶部顺向阳山坡延伸到荒 坡上,荒坡至山峰顶部高度差约 1500m,总风道 103建在垂直和倾斜山坡上部分总长 5000m, 建在基本平坦的荒坡上部分长度 5000m, 总风道 103总长 10000m, 使建在荒坡上的总风道 103倾斜 0. 5— 2度, 总风道 103出口部分直径最大, 为 160m, 向下逐级变细, 总风道 103 两侧每隔 50m连接热风支道 102, 安装进风管 101, 各长 5000m, 热风支道 102与总风道 103连接处最高, 尾端向下倾斜, 倾斜 0. 1— 2度, 热风支道 102与总风道 103连接处直径 8m, 向下逐级变细, 与热风支道 102平行相距 50m的下方安装进风管 101 , 进风管 101与 热风支道 102均与水平面成一定倾角, 两者长度倾角近似, 进风管 101最粗部分直径 6m, 这些技术曾在陶瓷太阳能风道发电装置技术中公开过, 在热风支道 102和进风管 101之间 安装若千组由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集 热器 2, 与热风支道 102接合部高于进风管 101处, 倾斜 0. 1—2度。 安装建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2方法是: 在经过夯实加固的地面上先铺一层水泥混凝土, 再 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 0. 2— 0. 5m, 宽约 50m, 长度不限的箱体, 箱体内四周和底部 用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1 , 并在底部设进气口 21, 上部设出气口 22, 顶部间隔一定距离安装钢管 921支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以 防漏雨漏气形成密闭空间组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2 , 将建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2的进气口 21连接进风管 101上端、 出气口 22连接热 风支道 102下端, 气流方向由下向上,进风管 101下端口敞开, 上端口封闭; 热风支道 102 下端口封闭, 上端口与总风道 103相通, 空气从进风管 101下端口进入建筑一体化复合泡 沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2被太阳加热向上经热风支道 102进入总风道 103,从总风道 103 上端口排出, 进风管 101下端进口处形成负压, 总风道 103上端出口处形成正压, 在进风 管 101下端进口处和总风道 103出口处分别安装空气涡轮机 104, 或者去掉进风管 101, 在热风支道 102和总风道 103内逐级安装空气涡轮机 104, 这样建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷 太阳能风道发电装置安装完成。
使用时, 空气从进气口 21进入到建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 2内通 过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 加热空气从出气口 22进入热风支道 102, 空气在压力差下形成气流, 推动涡轮带动发电机发电。
本发明建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置技术与现有技术相比具有明显 的优势, 现有技术的太阳集热板与保温层没有烧成为一体, 需要另外安装保温层, 安装比 较麻烦, 同时保温层所使用的保温材料也存在一定缺陷, 一定程度上影响保温效果, 不能 达到与集热板一样长的使用寿命, 日后维修麻烦, 再有集热板的接头较多, 安装比较复杂; 而本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置由于采用将陶瓷太阳能集热板 集热层与保温层同时一次烧成型的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板具有内部结构牢固, 既具有 集热功能, 又具有保温功能, 将集热功能和保温功能实行了一体化, 保温效果好, 使保温 层达到集热层一样长的使用寿命, 很方便与建筑结合, 安装时无需加装保温材料, 不存在 老化和失效问题, 日后很少需要维修, 集热板之间没有管口连接, 安装更方便, 不易漏气, 效率更高, 造价更低, 发电成本更低。
通常温室内外温差约为 30°C,建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器内外温差可 以超过 120°C, 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道比太阳能烟囱具有更高的效率, 建筑 一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器的造价低于玻璃温室, 热风'支道和总风道倚山势而 建, 造价也低于烟囱, 因此建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道具有更低的发电技术。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置中的黑 瓷太阳能集热板还可以是中空的或实心的, 但不论其釆取何种形状何种结构, 只要是利用 黑瓷层吸收太阳热量将空气加热的, 即落在本发明保护范围之内。
11、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置
参见附图 12。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置 11主要由进水管 (冷水管) 111、 出水管 (热水管) 112、 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3、 冷水 池 113、 保温热水池 114、 发电装置 115、 循环管路 116组成。 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能热水器 3主要由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1、 进水口 31、 出水口 33、 排污口 32、 中空透光盖板 23、 钢管 921组成。
建造方法: 在日照充足的地势比较平坦的荒滩、 荒地、 沙漠建造建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置 11, 先将地面整平、夯实、加固, 然后铺一层水泥混凝土, 间隔一定距离铺设若干条进水管 111和出水管 112,分别建好冷水池 113、保温热水池 114、 安装好发电装置 115, 在进水管 111和出水管 112之间安装若干组由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3 , 方法是: 在铺有混凝土的地面上 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个高约 0. 2— 0. 5 m, 宽约 50 m, 长度不限的池体, 池体内四周和底 部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1,并在下部设进水口 31,上部设出水口 33, 底部设排污口 32, 顶部间隔一定距离安装钢管 921支撑和连接中空透光盖板 23, 用螺钉 固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气构成密闭空间组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3的出水口 33依次与出水管 112、 保温热水 池 114进水端连接, 保温热水池 114出水端与发电装置 115进水端连接, 发电装置 115出 水端与冷水池 113进水端连接, 冷水池 113出水端与循环管路 116进水端连接, 循环管路 116出水端与进水管 111进水端连接, 进水管 111出水端与建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳 能热水器 3进水口 31连接, 构成热循环, 这样本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能 集热场热水发电装置就安装完成。
使用时冷水从进水口 31进入到建筑一体化的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3内通过复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热,热水沿着出水管 112进入保温热水池 114, 保温热水池 114中的热水进入发电装置 115将热能转化为动能发电后进入冷水池 113, 或 将保温热水池内 114的水进入聚光型高温太阳能装置被进一步加热成为更高温度的热水、 汽水混合物、 高温高压蒸汽进入发电装置发电后进入冷水池 113, 冷水池 113中温度较低 的水经循环管路 116、进水口 31进入建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3中再次被太 阳加热。
本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置 11还可以通过这样的 方式来实施, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 3改为建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能空气集热器 2, 空气通过复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 1吸收太阳热量加热, 将加热空 气输送到保温热水池 114通过换热管或热水交换器间接将水加热并形成循环, 从而避免了 藻类的滋生, 避免了中空透光盖板 23内表面由于水蒸汽的作用降低阳光透过率, 使热效 率得到了提高。 此外, 还可以直接将加热空气输送到发电装置 115将热能转化为动能发电 并形成循环。
本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置与现有技术相比具有 明显的优势, 陶瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置的集热板与保温层没有烧成为一体, 需要另 外安装保温层, 安装比较麻烦, 同时保温层所使用的保温材料也存在一定缺陷, 一定程度 上影响保温效果, 不能达到与集热板一样长的使用寿命, 日后维修麻烦, 再有集热板接头 比较多, 安装比较复杂, 容易出现漏水, 影响使用效果; 而本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置 11的集热板与保温层烧成为一体, 保温效果好, 达到与 集热板一样长的使用寿命, 很方便与建筑结合, 安装时无需加装保温材料, 不存在老化和 失效问题, 日后很少需要维修, 集热板之间没有管口连接, 安装更方便, 不易出现漏气漏 水现象, 效率更高, 造价更低, 发电成本更低。
与地热水发电相比, 用建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场获取热水, 其流量可以 大于任何一座巳知的地热日供应的热水流量, 并且不必进行风险很大的地热资源勘探, 不 需进行耗资巨大的钻井和废水回灌, 所取热水不会结垢和腐蚀设备, 所以建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置的发电成本应低于地热发电成本。
本发明不局限于上述方式, 此种建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置 中的黑瓷太阳能集热板还可以是中空的或实心的, 但不论其采取何种形状何种结构, 只要 是利用黑瓷层吸收太阳热量直接或间接将水加热或直接将空气加热的, 即落在本发明保护 范围之内。

Claims

1. 一种复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 由普通陶瓷层 (11)、 黑瓷层 (13) 组成, 其特 征在于: 还包括泡沫陶瓷层 (12), 泡沫陶瓷层 (12) 位于中层, 普通陶瓷层 (11) 位 于基底层, 黑瓷层(13)位于表面层, 基底层普通陶瓷层(11)、 中层泡沫陶瓷层(12)、 表面层黑瓷层 (13) 三层烧成为一体, 泡沫陶瓷层 (12) 由普通陶瓷粉料加入一定数 量的传统陶瓷发泡剂或加入一定数量陶瓷抛光废渣作为发泡剂, 黑瓷层 (13) 为钒钛 黑瓷层或其它黑瓷层。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板的生产方法, 其特征在于: 包括以 下步骤:
(1)分别制备普通陶瓷粉料、 泡沫陶瓷粉料、 钒钛黑瓷粉料或其它黑瓷粉料;
(2)采用三次布料工艺, 底料为普通陶瓷粉料, 中料为泡沫陶瓷粉料, 面料为钒钛黑瓷粉料 或其它黑瓷粉料, 装入模腔后经压砖机成型并经干燥窑干燥, 或先将普通陶瓷层和泡沫陶 瓷层压制成型后, 再在其表面喷涂黑瓷材料并经干燥窑干燥;
(3)利用辊道窑进行烧成, 烧成温度为 1100— 1250°C, 烧成周期 60-120分钟;
(4)磨边、 检验、 包装。
3. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器, 其特征在于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个箱体, 箱体内四周和底部 用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并在箱体下部设进气口 (21)、 上部 设出气口 (22), 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆盖在箱体顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封 胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进气口 (21)、 出气口 (22) 分别连接至建筑内用气设施的出、 进 气管, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2)。
4. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器, 其特 征在于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个池体, 并在池体侧面下部设进 出水口 (31)、 底部设排污口 (32)、 上部设溢水口 (33), 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆盖在池体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 (31) 连接 至建筑内用水设施的进出水管, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3)。
5. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室, 其特征 在于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂桨建一个池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥 砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并在池体内侧面下部设进出水口 (31)、 底 部设排污口 (32)、 上部设溢水口 (33)、 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆盖在池体的顶 部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 (31) 与浴室 (41) 内的进 出水管连接, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能浴室 (4)。
6. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池, 其特 征在于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个水池,.水池内四周和底部用水.. 泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并在下部设有进出水口 (31), 底部设排 污口 (32), 上部设溢水口 (33), 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆盖在水池的顶部, 用 螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将进出水口 (31) 与建筑内用水设施的进出水 管相连接, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水池 (5)。
7. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能热水器, 其特征在于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例 适当的箱体, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并 设有进出水口 (31)、 排污口 (32)、 溢水口 (33)、 中空透光盖板 (23), 组成建筑一 体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱 (64), 然后在建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱
(64) 内两侧中部位置安装换热管 (63), 在换热管 (63) —端设置换热管 (63) 的进 气口 (621) 并密封连接进气管路 (62), 在换热管 (63) 另一端设置换热管 (63) 的 出气口 (611) 并密封连接出气管路 (61), 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆盖在贮水箱
(64) 的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 形成密闭空间, 将建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2) 安装好, 出气口 (22) 与换热管 (63) 的进气 管路 (62) 相连接, 进气口 (21) 与换热管 (63) 的出气管路 (61) 相连接, 形成循 环, 这样组成分体式建筑一体化双重集热型复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (6)。
8. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热 水器, 其特征在于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适当的 箱体, 箱体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并在箱体 一侧上部设溢水口(33)、 中下部设下循环口(731),箱体另一侧下部设进出水口(31)、 底部设排污口 (32)、 中上部设上循环口 (741), 上循环口 (741) 与下循环口 (731) 呈对角线分布, 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆盖在箱体的顶部, 用螺钉固定, 涂上密 封胶以防漏雨漏气, 形成密闭空间, 构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能贮水箱(64), 将上循环口 (741) 依次与上循环管路 (74) 和热水交换器 (72) 出水端连接, 将下循 环口(731)依次与下循环管路(73)和热水交换器(72)进水端连接, 热水交换器(72) 与热泵 (71) 连接, 构成分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热泵热水器 (7)。
9. 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调, 其特征在于: 主要由安装有复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1) 的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能热水器 (3) 或建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2)、 吸收式空调
(81)、 下循环管路 (73)、 上循环管路 (74) 组成的太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一体 化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调 (8) 或太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑 瓷太阳能空调 (8); 所述的太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空 调 (8) 是选择在阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆砌一个长宽高比例适当的箱体, 箱 体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并在下部设进水口
(31)、 底部设排污口 (32)、 上部设溢水口 (33)、 一侧中上部设上循环口 (741)、 一 侧中下部设下循环口 (731), 上循环口 (741) 与下循环口 (731) 呈对角线分布, 然 后在顶部安装中空透光盖板 (23), 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 将下循环 口 (731) 依次与下循环管路 (73)、 吸收式空调 (81)、 上循环管路 (74)、 上循环管 口 (741) 连接组成循环系统, 这样构成本发明的太阳能热水器型分体式建筑一体化复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调 (8); 所述的太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫 黑瓷太阳能空调 (8) 是选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适当 的箱体, 箱体内表面四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并 在一侧下部设进气口 (21), —侧上部设出气口 (22), 然后将中空透光盖板 (23) 覆 盖在箱体的顶部用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气, 中空透光盖板 (23) 与箱体 之间形成密闭空间, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器(2)的出气口 (22) 与吸收式空调 (81) 的上循环管路 (74) 连接, 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空 气集热器 (2) 的进气口 (21) 与吸收式空调 (81) 的下循环管路 (73) 连接构成循环 系统, 这样构成太阳能空气集热器型分体式建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空调 (8)。 利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房, 其特征在 于: 选择阳光充足的楼顶, 用砖和水泥砂浆建一个池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂 浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并设有进出水口 (31)、 排污口 (32)、 溢水 口 (33), 顶部安装有中空透光盖板 (23), 池体顶部间隔一定距离用钢管 (921) 支撑 和连接中空透光盖板 (23), 用螺钉固定, 中空透光盖板 (23) 之间的接缝涂上防水密 封胶即构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房顶 (92), 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太 阳能房顶 (92) 的进出水口 (31) 经管路与房屋 (91) 内的进出水管连接好, 即构成 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能房 (9)。
利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装 置, 其特征在于: 选择阳光充足的向阳山坡和山坡下的坡地, 上下左右分列, 中间为 总风道 (103), 总风道 (103) 从山峰顶部顺向阳山坡延伸到荒坡上, 适当倾斜, 总风 道 (103) 两侧每隔一段距离设置并连接若干个热风支道 (102), 热风支道 (102) 与 总风道 (103) 连接处最高, 尾端向下倾斜, 与热风支道 (102) 平行相距一定距离的 下方安装进风管 (101), 进风管 (101) 与热风支道 (102) 均与水平面成一定倾角, 在热风支道(102)和进风管(101)之间安装若干组由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板(1) 建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2), 方法是: 在经过夯实加固的 地面上先铺一层水泥混凝土, 再用砖和水泥砂浆建一个长宽高比例适度的箱体, 箱体 内四周和底部用水泥砂桨粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1), 并在底部设进气口 (21), 上部设出气口 (22), 顶部间隔一定距离安装钢管 (921) 支撑和连接中空透光 盖板 (23), 用螺钉固定, 涂上密封胶以防漏雨漏气形成密闭空间组成建筑一体化复合 泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2), 将建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2) 的进气口 (21) 连接进风管 (101) 上端、 出气口 (22) 连接热风支道 (102) 下端, 气流方向由下向上, 进风管 (101) 下端口敞开, 上端口封闭; 热风支道 (102) 下端 口封闭, 上端口与总风道 (103) 相通, 空气从进风管 (101) 下端口进入建筑一体化 复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能空气集热器 (2) 被太阳加热向上经热风支道 (102) 进入总风道 (103), 从总风道 (103) 上端口排出, 进风管 (101) 下端进口处形成负压, 总风道 (103) 上端出口处形成正压, 在进风管 (101) 下端进口处和总风道 (103) 出口处分 别安装空气涡轮机 (104), 空气在压力差下形成气流, 推动涡轮带动发电机发电, 或 者去掉进风管(101),在热风支道(102)和总风道(103)内逐级安装空气涡轮机(104), 这样构成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能风道发电装置 (10)。
利用复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板建成的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发 电装置, 其特征在于: 选择在日照充足的地势比较平坦的荒滩、 荒地、 沙漠建造建筑 一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置, 先将地面整平、 夯实、 加固, 然后 铺一层水泥混凝土, 间隔一定距离铺设若干条进水管 (111) 和出水管 (112), 分别建 好冷水池 (113)、 保温热水池 (114), 安装好发电装置 (115), 在进水管 (111) 和出 水管 (112) 之间安装若干组由复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1) 建成的建筑一体化复 合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3), 方法是: 在铺有混凝土的地面上用砖和水泥砂浆建一 个长宽高比例适当的池体, 池体内四周和底部用水泥砂浆粘贴复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集 热板 (1), 并在下部设进水口 (31), 上部设出水口 (33), 底部设排污口 (32), 顶部 间隔一定距离安装钢管 (921) 支撑和连接中空透光盖板 (23), 用螺钉固定, 涂上密 封胶以防漏雨漏气构成密闭空间组成建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3), 将 建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3) 的出水口 (33).依次与出水管 (112)、 保 温热水池 (114) 进水端连接, 保温热水池 (114) 出水端与发电装置 (115) 进水端连 接, 发电装置 (115) 出水端与冷水池 (113) 进水端连接, 冷水池 (113) 出水端与循 环管路 (116) 进水端连接, 循环管路 (116) 出水端与进水管 (111) 进水端连接, 进 水管 (111) 出水端与建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3) 进水口 (31) 连接, 构成热循环, 这样构成本发明的建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能集热场热水发电装置
(11)。 冷水从进水口 (31) 进入到建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3) 内通 过复合泡沬黑瓷太阳能集热板 (1) 吸收太阳热量加热, 热水沿着出水管 (112) 进入 保温热水池 (114), 保温热水池 (114) 中的热水进入发电装置 (115) 将热能转化为 动能发电后进入冷水池 (113), 或将保温热水池内 (114) 的水进入聚光型高温太阳能 装置被进一步加热成为更高温度的热水、 汽水混合物、 高温高压蒸汽进入发电装置
(115) 发电后进入冷水池 (113), 冷水池 (113) 中温度较低的水经循环管路 (116)、 进水口 (31) 进入建筑一体化复合泡沫黑瓷太阳能热水器 (3) 中再次被太阳加热。
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