WO2011108072A1 - 圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法、その圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法により製造された圧粉磁心用粉末を用いた圧粉磁心、及び、圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置 - Google Patents
圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法、その圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法により製造された圧粉磁心用粉末を用いた圧粉磁心、及び、圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011108072A1 WO2011108072A1 PCT/JP2010/053307 JP2010053307W WO2011108072A1 WO 2011108072 A1 WO2011108072 A1 WO 2011108072A1 JP 2010053307 W JP2010053307 W JP 2010053307W WO 2011108072 A1 WO2011108072 A1 WO 2011108072A1
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- powder
- rotary furnace
- magnetic core
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title abstract description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005475 siliconizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002796 Si–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
- F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/33—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials mixtures of metallic and non-metallic particles; metallic particles having oxide skin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/08—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
- C22C33/0271—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5% with only C, Mn, Si, P, S, As as alloying elements, e.g. carbon steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
- F27D2099/0015—Induction heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dust core powder manufacturing method for manufacturing a dust core powder, a dust core using a dust core powder manufactured by the dust core powder manufacturing method, and a The present invention relates to a powder manufacturing apparatus for a powder magnetic core.
- the dust core is obtained by press-molding a dust core powder made of soft magnetic metal powder. Compared to the core material made by laminating electromagnetic steel sheets, the dust core has magnetic properties with less high frequency loss (hereinafter referred to as “iron loss”) depending on the frequency, and is suitable for shape variations. It has many advantages such as being able to cope with low cost and low material cost.
- a powder magnetic core is applied to, for example, a stator core and a rotor core of a vehicle drive motor, a reactor core constituting a power conversion circuit, and the like.
- the powder 101 for powder magnetic core diffuses and diffuses silicon dioxide powder 103 from the surface of the iron powder 102, thereby forming a silicon-penetrated layer 104 in which the silicon element is concentrated on the surface layer of the iron powder 102.
- the siliconization process to be performed is performed.
- the iron powder 102 and the silicon dioxide powder 103 are stirred and mixed to adhere the silicon dioxide powder 103 to the surface of the iron powder 102, and the mixed powder of the iron powder 102 and the silicon dioxide powder 103 is put into a furnace.
- the mixed powder is heated to 1000 ° C.
- the silicon element is detached from the silicon dioxide powder 103 and permeates and diffuses into the surface layer of the iron powder 102 to form the silicon permeation layer 104.
- the silicon permeation layer 104 has a distance X2 from the surface of the iron powder 102 to the center of the iron powder 102 that is less than 0.15 times the diameter D of the iron powder 102.
- the silicon permeation layer 104 is thin or the silicon element concentration in the silicon permeation layer 104 is low, the contact portion of the iron powder 102 cannot be sufficiently insulated, and iron loss (mainly hysteresis loss and eddy current loss) is caused. Get higher. Therefore, the distance X2 and the concentration of the silicon permeation layer 104 formed on the powder 101 for dust core are very important in managing the specific resistance of the dust core (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). .
- the silicon permeation layer 104 is iron powder from the surface of the iron powder 102.
- the distance (distance from the surface) X2 formed toward the center of 102 and the concentration of silicon element (Si concentration) in the silicon permeation layer were measured, the distance X2 from the surface and the Si concentration increased greatly between the powders. It was scattered. Specifically, the extracted powder contained a powder having a poor silicification reaction (a powder having a low silicidation reaction amount) (see the graph described by a thin solid line in FIG. 20).
- the Si concentration on the surface of the iron powder 102 is about 2.0.
- the distance (thickness) X2 from the surface of the iron powder 102 of the silicon permeation layer 104 is dispersed in the range of about 4 ⁇ m to about 20 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the Si concentration decreasing from the surface of the iron powder 102 of the silicon-penetrating layer 104 toward the center of the iron powder 102 varies greatly in the powder rich in the silicon immersion reaction.
- each iron powder 102 cannot be subjected to a uniform silicon reaction, and the silicon permeation layer 104 formed in each powder magnetic core powder 101 is made uniform. I could't. Therefore, when a portion having a small thickness (distance from the surface) X2 or a portion having a low Si concentration of the silicon permeation layer 104 formed on the powder 101 for dust core is in contact with each other at the time of compacting, insulation of the contact portion is performed. Therefore, there is a problem that the eddy current generated in the dust core becomes large and the specific resistance becomes low. Moreover, the powder 101 for a dust core having a large thickness (distance from the surface) X2 of the silicon-penetrating layer 104 is hard and causes a decrease in the core density and magnetic flux density.
- the reason why the thickness (distance from the surface) X2 and the Si concentration of the silicon-penetrating layer 104 varies between the powders 101 for powder magnetic cores by the conventional powder manufacturing method for powder magnetic cores is that Since the mixed powder was heated without rotating the furnace in which the mixed powder was charged, the arrangement of the iron powder 102 and the silicon dioxide powder 103 did not change during the siliconization treatment, and there was a lot of silicon dioxide powder 103 around the iron. In the powder 102, a large amount of silicon element penetrates and diffuses into the surface layer, and the thickness and the Si concentration of the silicon infiltrated layer 104 increase. This is probably because the amount of permeation and diffusion is small, and the thickness and Si concentration of the silicon permeation layer 104 are small.
- the inventors put a mixed powder obtained by stirring and mixing iron powder 102 having an average particle diameter of 200 ⁇ m and silicon dioxide powder 103 having an average particle diameter of 50 nm into a furnace 105, and By heating the furnace 105 with a heater 106 disposed around the furnace 105, and then stirring the mixed powder continuously for 1 hour by rotating the furnace 105 while adjusting the temperature inside the furnace 105 to 1000 ° C. An attempt was made to produce a powder for a powder magnetic core. As a result, the inventors believe that the silicon dioxide powder 103 is uniformly attached around the iron powder 102 while changing the arrangement during the silicidation treatment, and a uniform silicification reaction can be generated in each iron powder 102. It was.
- the iron powder 102 and the silicon dioxide powder 103 were hardened into a dumpling shape into secondary particles 110. It had become.
- the secondary particles 110 were sintered with silicon dioxide powder 103 (see the dot portion) to bind a plurality of iron powders 102, and had a diameter of 600 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m. The reason why the secondary particles 110 are formed is considered as follows.
- Sintering is known to start at a temperature of about two thirds of the melting point.
- the melting point of silicon dioxide is 1600 ° C. ⁇ 75 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the mixed powder during the siliconizing treatment is about 1000 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the mixed powder of 1000 ° C. corresponds to a temperature that is about two thirds of the melting point of silicon dioxide.
- the powder magnetic core powder manufacturing method described above is a method in which the furnace 105 is continuously rotated for 1 hour in a state where the mixed powder is heated to 1000 ° C., and the iron powder 102 and the silicon dioxide powder 103.
- the mixed powder is repeatedly dropped from a high place to a low place and stirred.
- the silicon dioxide powder 103 in the low place is compressed by the weight of the mixed powder falling from above, and the sintering is promoted.
- the silicon dioxide powder 103 is pressure-sintered to generate secondary particles 110.
- the quality and productivity of the powder for powder magnetic cores have deteriorated.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and prevents dust particles from being generated during the siliconization process, and can improve the quality and productivity of powders for dust cores. It is an object of the present invention to provide a powder magnetic core using a powder for a magnetic core produced by the method for producing a powder for a magnetic core, a powder for a powder magnetic core produced by the method for producing the powder for a powder magnetic core, and a powder production apparatus for a powder magnetic core.
- a method for producing a powder for a powder magnetic core includes a method for producing a powder for a powder magnetic core for producing a powder for a powder magnetic core, wherein a soft magnetic metal powder and silicon dioxide are used.
- the silicon-infiltrated layer is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic metal powder by stirring and mixing only the soft magnetic metal powder among the mixed powder of the siliconized powder containing.
- the rotary furnace into which the mixed powder is charged is made of an insulator, a coil is disposed outside the rotary furnace, and the rotary furnace is rotated in the coil. It is preferable that only the soft magnetic metal powder contained in the mixed powder is induction-heated by energizing the coil.
- the coil has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the rotary furnace is disposed in a hollow portion of the coil.
- a dust core according to one aspect of the present invention is formed by pressing the powder for a dust core produced by the method for producing a powder for a dust core.
- a powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus includes a soft magnetic metal powder and silicon dioxide in a powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a powder magnetic core powder.
- a mixed powder of powder for siliconization is charged, and is held rotatably about an axis, and a driving force is applied to the rotary furnace in which a stirring member is erected on the inner wall.
- a motor and a coil provided outside the rotary furnace so as to cover at least the bottom of the rotary furnace, and by energizing the coil, by induction heating only the soft magnetic metal powder, The motor is driven to rotate the rotary furnace to form a silicon permeation layer on the surface of the soft magnetic metal powder.
- the rotary furnace is preferably made of an insulator.
- the powder manufacturing apparatus for a powder magnetic core of the above aspect measures the surface temperature of the soft magnetic metal powder, and a temperature sensor provided in the rotary furnace and temperature measurement data of the temperature sensor are predetermined. And a controller for controlling the frequency of the current supplied to the coil so as to be stable at the processing temperature.
- the powder magnetic core powder manufacturing method and the powder magnetic core powder manufacturing apparatus of the above aspect are configured to induction-heat only the soft magnetic metal powder among the mixed powder of the soft magnetic metal powder and the silicon powder containing silicon dioxide.
- the silicon element desorbed from the siliconized powder diffuses and penetrates into the surface of the soft magnetic metal powder to form a silicon-penetrated layer.
- only the soft magnetic metal powder is heated, and the siliconization powder is not heated. Therefore, even if the mixed powder is stirred and mixed while the soft magnetic metal powder is induction-heated, the siliconization powder is not sintered.
- the mixed powder is stirred and mixed, the arrangement of the soft magnetic metal powder and the soft magnetic metal powder is constantly changed, so that the silicon permeation layer formed on the surface of each soft magnetic metal powder is made uniform.
- secondary particles are prevented from being generated during the siliconization treatment, and the quality of the powder for the powder magnetic core is reduced. Productivity can be improved.
- the rotary furnace is made of an insulator, a current is applied to a coil provided outside the rotary furnace while rotating the rotary furnace. Even if is supplied, the rotary furnace is not heated, and only the soft magnetic metal powder is heated. In such a powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus, the silicon powder is not heated through the rotary furnace and is not sintered.
- the coil has a cylindrical shape and the rotary furnace is disposed in the hollow portion of the coil, the magnetic flux density generated in the rotary furnace when the coil is energized is uniform in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the rotary furnace. Become.
- each soft magnetic metal powder in the rotary furnace crosses the magnetic flux to generate an eddy current, and the surface generates heat uniformly.
- the silicon dioxide powder uniformly diffuses and penetrates the surface of each soft magnetic metal powder, and the silicon-penetrated layer is uniformly formed on the surface of each soft magnetic metal powder.
- the powder manufacturing apparatus for a powder magnetic core of the above aspect measures the surface temperature of the soft magnetic metal powder with a temperature sensor provided in the rotary furnace so that the temperature measurement data of the temperature sensor is stabilized at a predetermined processing temperature. Since the frequency of the current supplied to the coil is controlled, it is possible to prevent the surface of the soft magnetic metal powder from being heated excessively to sinter the siliconizing powder and sinter the siliconizing powder.
- the dust core formed by pressurizing the dust core powder produced by the method for producing a dust core powder according to the above aspect is such that the dust core powder has a uniform silicon-penetrating layer on the surface of the soft magnetic metal powder. Since it is formed, the magnetic core density and the magnetic flux density are high, and the specific resistance can be increased.
- FIG. 2 It is a schematic block diagram of the powder manufacturing apparatus for dust cores according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is AA sectional drawing of the rotary furnace shown in FIG. It is BB sectional drawing of the rotary furnace shown in FIG. 2, Comprising: The arrow shows a magnetic flux in the figure. It is a figure explaining a siliconization process, Comprising: The mixed powder injection
- the silicon dioxide powder shows the state which was heat-transferred from the surface of iron powder, and was heated. It is a figure for demonstrating the silicification reaction in the powder manufacturing method for dust cores, Comprising: A mode that the silicon dioxide powder adhered to the iron powder is shown. It is a figure for demonstrating the silicification reaction in the powder manufacturing method for dust cores, Comprising: A mode that the silicon dioxide powder was heated with the iron powder is shown. It is a figure for demonstrating the silicon immersion reaction in the powder manufacturing method for powder magnetic cores, Comprising: A mode that silicon dioxide powder is diffusion-bonded to iron powder is shown.
- a mode that another silicon dioxide powder adheres to iron powder is shown. It is an image figure which shows the cross section of the iron powder to which the siliconization process was performed. It is an image figure which shows the cross section of the powder for dust cores. It is a figure which shows the conditions of the siliconization process in a comparative example and an Example. It is a figure which shows the yield rate of a comparative example and an Example. It is a graph which shows the result of having investigated the distance of the silicon osmosis
- FIG. 14 is an image view showing a cross section of the powder 28 for a dust core.
- the powder 28 for the powder magnetic core is an oxidation-reduction between the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and the silicon dioxide powder 22 (an example of siliconizing powder) in order to ensure the insulation of the iron powder 24 (an example of soft magnetic metal powder).
- a silicon permeation layer 25 is formed on the surface layer of the iron powder 24 by the reaction.
- the powder 28 for powder magnetic cores is formed with a silicone coating layer 27 so as to cover the surface of the iron powder 24, and the insulation is further enhanced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary furnace shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a BB cross-sectional view of the rotary furnace shown in FIG. 2, and arrows in the figure indicate magnetic flux.
- the powder core manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 is used in a siliconizing process for forming a silicon permeation layer 25 on the surface of the iron powder 24 among the processes for manufacturing the powder 28 for a powder magnetic core. .
- the powder manufacturing apparatus 1 for a dust core includes a rotary furnace 2 having a hollow cylindrical shape.
- the rotary furnace 2 is made of an insulator (such as ceramics) that is not heated at high frequency.
- the coil 14 has a hollow cylindrical shape in which a winding is wound in a cylindrical shape.
- the rotary furnace 2 is disposed in the hollow portion of the coil 14, and the entire outer peripheral surface is covered with the coil 14.
- the coil 14 is supported by the column 14a.
- the rotary furnace 2 is rotatably held in the coil 14.
- the rotary furnace 2 has rotary shafts 3 and 4 fixed to both end surfaces, and is rotatably held by the support columns 5 and 6 via the rotary shafts 3 and 4.
- a motor 7 is connected to the rotary shaft 3, and a rotational force is applied to the rotary furnace 2 through the rotary shaft 3.
- the motor 7 is connected to the controller 8, and is controlled for a rotation operation (rotation amount, rotation speed, rotation time, etc.) for rotating the rotary furnace 2 and a rotation stop operation for stopping the rotation of the rotary furnace 2.
- the rotary furnace 2 is provided with a door 9 that can be opened and closed. In the rotary furnace 2, powder is supplied and taken out via the open / close door 9.
- a plurality (three in this case) of stirring plates 10 are fixedly installed for scooping up and dropping the powder as the rotary furnace 2 rotates.
- the stirring plate 10 is a linear plate material and is made of an insulator (such as ceramic) that is not heated at high frequency, like the rotary furnace 2.
- the stirring plate 10 is parallel to the axis of the rotary furnace 2 and is equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the vertical section of the rotary furnace 2 and is erected on the inner wall of the rotary furnace 2 toward the center of the rotary furnace 2. Yes.
- a supply pipe 11 for supplying a processing gas for generating an atmosphere during the silicidation process is connected to one flow path of the rotary shaft 4, and gas is exhausted from the rotary furnace 2 to the other flow path.
- the exhaust pipe 16 is connected.
- the supply pipe 11 is provided with a supply valve 13 for controlling the supply amount of the processing gas supplied from the gas supply source 12.
- the exhaust pipe 16 is provided with an exhaust valve 17 for controlling an exhaust amount for exhausting gas from the rotary furnace 2.
- the supply valve 13 and the exhaust valve 17 are connected to the controller 8 and the valve opening degree is controlled.
- a temperature sensor 15 for measuring the temperature of the powder is attached to the inner wall of the rotary furnace 2.
- the controller 8 is connected to the temperature sensor 15 and the coil 14 and controls the frequency of the current supplied to the coil 14 so that the temperature measurement data of the temperature sensor 15 is stabilized at a predetermined processing temperature.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the siliconization treatment and shows a mixed powder charging step.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the siliconization treatment and shows a stirring step.
- 6 to 8 are image diagrams showing the relationship between the carbon-iron metal powder 21 (an example of iron powder) and the silicon dioxide powder 22.
- 9 to 13 are diagrams for explaining the silicon immersion reaction in the powder magnetic core powder manufacturing method.
- FIG. 14 is an image view showing a cross section of the powder 28 for a dust core.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 is added to the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and mixed and stirred to adhere the silicon dioxide powder 22 to the outer peripheral surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 For example, 95% to 97% by weight of 1.5% by weight carbon steel powder (iron powder) having an average particle diameter of 150 to 212 ⁇ m, and 3 to 5% by weight of silicon dioxide powder having an average particle diameter of 50 nm and a specific gravity of 2.2.
- the mixed powder 23 is made by stirring and mixing at a ratio of%. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the open / close door 9 of the rotary furnace 2 is opened, and the mixed powder 23 of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and the silicon dioxide powder 22 is put into the rotary furnace 2 to seal the open / close door 9. .
- a current having a predetermined frequency is supplied to the coil 14 and the mixed powder 23 is stirred and mixed while only the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is induction-heated, as shown in FIG. A silicon permeation layer 25 is formed on the surface of the iron powder 24.
- the controller 8 opens the supply valve 13 and the exhaust valve 17 shown in FIG. 1, and performs the oxidation-reduction reaction of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and the silicon dioxide powder 22 from the gas supply source 12 to the rotary furnace 2.
- a processing gas for example, a mixed gas of argon (Ar) and hydrogen (H 2 )
- the controller 8 supplies a current having a predetermined frequency to the coil 14.
- the mixed powder 23 is obtained by stirring and mixing 3 to 5% by weight of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and 95 to 97% by weight of the silicon dioxide powder 22, and the specific gravity of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is 7. In contrast, since the specific gravity of the silicon dioxide powder 22 is 2.2, most of the mixed powder 23 is the silicon dioxide powder 22. Therefore, in the rotary furnace 2, as shown in FIG. 6, many silicon dioxide powders 22 are interposed between the carbon-iron metal powders 21, and the carbon-iron metal powders 21 are separated from each other. When the coil 14 is energized in such a state, a magnetic flux is generated in the rotary furnace 2 as shown by a one-dot chain arrow in FIG.
- the magnetic flux density is uniform in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the rotary furnace 2.
- Each carbon-iron metal powder 21 of the mixed powder 23 intersects with the magnetic flux uniformly generated in the entire rotary furnace 2, generates eddy current by electromagnetic induction as shown in FIG. 7, and the surface generates heat by the skin effect. To do.
- the non-conductive silicon dioxide powder 22 does not generate heat when the coil 14 is energized. However, as the heating time elapses, the silicon dioxide powder 22 in contact with the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is heated by being transferred from the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 as shown by the black circles in FIG. .
- the controller 8 determines that the surface temperature of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 has reached a predetermined processing temperature, and drives the motor 7. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 5, the rotary furnace 2 rotates in the coil 14 at a predetermined rotation speed.
- the mixed powder 23 in the rotary furnace 2 is slid down from the stirring plate 10 directed downward obliquely downward as it is successively rolled up from the bottom of the rotary furnace 2 to a predetermined height by the stirring plate 10 as the rotary furnace 2 rotates. It falls to the bottom of the rotary furnace 2.
- the mixed powder 23 is constantly mixed by changing the arrangement of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and the silicon dioxide powder 22.
- the surface of the conductive carbon-iron metal powder 21 is inductively heated by a magnetic flux (magnetic field) that is uniformly generated in the coil 14 by passing a current of a predetermined frequency through the coil 14.
- the non-functional silicon dioxide powder 22 is not heated even if a magnetic field is generated in the coil 14.
- the rotary furnace 2 and the stirring plate 10 are made of an insulator that is not heated at high frequency, even if the coil 14 is energized, it does not generate heat and does not heat the silicon dioxide powder 22.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 is not heated to a predetermined processing temperature (for example, 1000 ° C.) when the mixed powder 23 is stirred and mixed, and even if the silicon dioxide powder 22 falls from the predetermined height to the bottom of the rotary furnace 2 and is compressed. No pressure sintering with the silicon dioxide powder 22.
- a predetermined processing temperature for example, 1000 ° C.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 in contact with the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is carbonized when the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is heated to a predetermined processing temperature, as shown in FIG. -Heat is transferred from the iron metal powder 21 and heated (see dot hatched portion). Then, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs between the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and the silicon dioxide powder 22 in contact with the surface thereof, and silicon element is desorbed from the silicon dioxide powder 22 and carbon monoxide (CO) gas is generated. Is done. The detached silicon element penetrates from the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and diffuses into the carbon-iron metal powder 21 as shown in FIG. 11, and as shown in FIG. A silicon permeation layer 25 is formed on the surface layer of the metal powder 21.
- CO carbon monoxide
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 becomes a diffusion part 30b in which part of the silicon dioxide powder 22 diffuses and penetrates into the carbon-iron metal powder 21, and the remaining part is carbon-iron metal.
- the diffusion bonded body 30 that forms the protruding portion 30 a protruding from the powder 21 is formed. Since the diffusion bonded body 30 is chemically bonded to the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21, the carbon-iron metal is not peeled off from the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 when the mixed powder 23 is stirred and mixed. The diffusion penetration into the surface of the powder 21 is stably advanced.
- the diffusion bonded body 30 is heated from the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 to the predetermined processing temperature.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 around the diffusion bonded body 30 is agitated by the rotation of the rotary furnace 2 and freely changes its arrangement with respect to the carbon-iron metal powder 21, heat is transferred from the diffusion bonded body 30 to a predetermined level. It is not heated up to the processing temperature (eg 1000 ° C.). Therefore, even if the silicon dioxide powder 22 around the diffusion bonded body 30 is compressed by the rotation of the rotary furnace 2, it is not pressure-sintered with respect to the diffusion bonded body 30 and the other silicon dioxide powder 22. In other words, the silicon dioxide powder 22 is sintered with the carbon-iron metal powder 21 as a nucleus and does not become secondary particles.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 in contact with the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 diffuses and penetrates, another silicon dioxide powder 22 adheres to the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 and is the same as described above. Then, it diffuses and penetrates into the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21. Since the cylindrical coil 14 is disposed so as to cover the entire outer peripheral surface of the rotary furnace 2 and the magnetic flux density generated in the rotary furnace 2 is uniform in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the rotary furnace 2, Each of the carbon-iron metal powders 21 intersects with the magnetic flux. Moreover, the carbon-iron metal powder 21 has a spherical shape.
- each carbon-iron metal powder 21 in the rotary furnace 2 is heated almost uniformly by the skin effect.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 is evenly supplied to the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 by stirring and mixing by the rotation of the rotary furnace 2. Therefore, the mixed powder 23 sequentially diffuses and penetrates from the silicon dioxide powder 22 in contact with the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 to the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21, and soaks on the surface of each carbon-iron metal powder 21.
- Silica reaction proceeds uniformly.
- each carbon-iron metal powder 21 has the silicon permeation layer 25 uniformly formed on the surface.
- the controller 8 controls the energization amount to the coil 14 so that the temperature sensor 15 maintains a predetermined process temperature.
- the frequency of the current supplied to the coil 14 should be a frequency at which the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 can be heated so that only the silicon dioxide powder 22 in contact with the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is heated. Is desirable. In the present embodiment, the frequency of the current supplied to the coil 14 is in the range of 3 KHz to 300 MHz. Therefore, since the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is not excessively heated beyond the predetermined processing temperature, the silicon dioxide powder 22 not in contact with the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is heated to the predetermined processing temperature. Sintering and making secondary particles can be avoided.
- the CO gas generated during the siliconization process is discharged to the outside of the rotary furnace 2 through the exhaust pipe 16 shown in FIG. 1 and is replaced with the process gas. Therefore, the pressure and atmosphere in the rotary furnace 2 are kept constant from the start of the siliconization process to the end of the siliconization process.
- Such a siliconization treatment is performed in a desorption / diffusion atmosphere in which the reaction generation rate at which silicon element is desorbed from the silicon dioxide powder 22 is higher than the diffusion rate at which the silicon powder 24 permeates and diffuses into the surface layer of the iron powder 24.
- the controller 8 shown in FIG. 1 stops energization of the coil 14 and rotation driving of the motor 7 when the rotary furnace 2 is rotated for a predetermined processing time (or a predetermined number of rotations). Thereby, rotation of the rotary furnace 2 stops and the iron powder 24 is not heated.
- the rotary furnace 2 lowers the temperature to room temperature, the open / close door 9 is opened, and the powder 26 subjected to the siliconization treatment shown in FIG. 13 is taken out.
- the distance X1 of the silicon-penetrating layer 25 formed from the surface of the iron powder 24 toward the center of the iron powder 24 increases with the lapse of the time of the siliconization treatment.
- the silicon element concentration (Si concentration) of the silicon permeation layer 25 is increased.
- the distance X1 of the silicon permeation layer 25 formed from the surface of the iron powder 24 toward the center of the iron powder 24 is in a range of 0.15 times or less with respect to the diameter D of the iron powder 24. Has been.
- the powder 26 subjected to the siliconization treatment is subjected to a coating treatment, and a silicone coating layer 27 is formed on the surface as shown in FIG.
- the coating treatment the powder 26 that has been subjected to the siliconization treatment is put into a solution in which a silicone resin is dissolved in ethanol, and stirred. After stirring for a predetermined time, the ethanol is further stirred while evaporating, and the silicone resin is fixed to the surface of the powder 26 subjected to the siliconization treatment. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 14, the powder 28 for powder magnetic cores in which the silicon permeation layer 25 is covered with the silicone coating layer 27 is generated.
- the powder 28 for powder magnetic core is filled in a punch die having a cavity of a predetermined shape such as a motor core, and the powder 28 for powder magnetic core 28 is pressed by applying a predetermined pressure and a predetermined heat.
- the pressure-molded body is taken out of the cavity and subjected to a high-temperature annealing process in order to remove processing distortion generated inside. Thereby, the dust core of a predetermined shape is manufactured.
- the dust core produced in this way uses the powder 28 for the dust core that forms the silicon permeation layer 25 on the surface layer of the iron powder 24 within a range of 0.15 times or less the diameter D of the iron powder 24. Therefore, the powder magnetic core powder 28 is appropriately deformed during pressure molding, and the magnetic core density and magnetic flux density are high. Further, the powder magnetic core uses the powder 28 for the powder magnetic core in which the distance X1 of the silicon-permeable layer 25 from the surface of the iron powder 24 and the Si concentration distribution in the silicon-permeable layer 25 are made uniform among the powders. Insulation is ensured at the contact surface of the powder 28 for the powder magnetic core, eddy current is reduced, and the specific resistance is increased.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing conditions for the siliconization treatment in the comparative example and the example.
- the siliconizing treatment was performed under the following conditions. 95 to 97% by weight of 1.5% by weight carbon steel powder (iron powder) having an average particle size of 150 to 212 ⁇ m, 3 to 5% by weight of silicon dioxide powder having an average particle size of 50 nm and a specific gravity of 2.2
- a mixed gas of 30% hydrogen (H 2 ) with respect to the supply amount of argon (Ar) and Ar is supplied to the rotary furnace and exhausted. Start. Then, a current is supplied to the coil at 100 MHz.
- the rotary furnace When it is confirmed by the temperature sensor that the iron powder has been heated to the processing temperature of 1000 ° C., the rotary furnace is rotated at a rotational speed of 25 rpm while supplying a current of 100 MHz to the coil. If 1 hour which is processing time passes in that state, the energization to a coil and rotation of a rotary furnace will be stopped, and siliconization processing will be completed.
- the siliconizing treatment was performed under the following conditions. 95 to 97% by weight of 1.5% by weight carbon steel powder (iron powder) having an average particle size of 150 to 212 ⁇ m, 3 to 5% by weight of silicon dioxide powder having an average particle size of 50 nm and a specific gravity of 2.2
- a mixed gas of 30% hydrogen (H 2 ) with respect to the supply amount of argon (Ar) and Ar is supplied to the rotary furnace. Heat with a heater in a stationary state. When the internal temperature of the rotary furnace rises to the processing temperature of 1000 ° C.
- the rotary furnace is rotated at a rotational speed of 25 rpm.
- the rotary furnace is continuously rotated for 1 hour during the processing time while maintaining the internal temperature at 1000 ° C. Thereafter, heating and rotation of the rotary furnace are stopped, and the siliconization process is completed.
- the yield of an Example and a comparative example was about 5%. That is, in the comparative example, most of the mixed powder supplied to the rotary furnace was converted into secondary particles. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16, the yield of the example was about 90%. In other words, in the example, the mixed powder supplied to the rotary furnace hardly becomes secondary particles, and a fine powder core powder can be produced by forming a silicon permeation layer on the surface of each iron powder. It was.
- the inventors took out 10 powders at random from the examples, cut them, and observed the cut surfaces with an electron microscope. And the distance of the silicon osmosis
- iron powder and silicon dioxide powder have undergone an oxidation-reduction reaction in all of the randomly extracted powders.
- Each powder was converged in a range where the Si concentration on the surface of the iron powder was 4.0% or more and 6.0% or less.
- Each powder had substantially the same rate of decrease in Si concentration from the surface of the iron powder toward the center of the iron powder.
- each powder has a distance from the surface of the iron powder of the silicon-permeable layer (thickness of the silicon-permeable layer) of about 20 ⁇ m, and the distance from the surface of the iron powder of the silicon-permeable layer is made uniform between the powders. It was.
- the mixed powder is stirred and mixed while only iron powder is induction-heated, and the iron powder is subjected to siliconization treatment, a powder for a magnetic core with a uniform silicon-penetrating layer formed on the surface layer of each iron powder can be produced. It was proved that the quality of powder for powder magnetic cores was improved.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of a powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus 51 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus 51 of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except for the coil 52.
- the configuration different from that of the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- a coil 52 having a winding wound in a cylindrical shape is disposed so as to surround the lower portion of the rotary furnace 2 from four directions. It is preferable that the coil 52 heats a portion below half of the rotary furnace 2.
- the mixed powder 23 is put on the stirring plate 10 and lifted until the stirring plate 10 moved to the lowest point position (directly below) of the rotary furnace 2 moves 90 degrees as the rotary furnace 2 rotates, Thereafter, when the stirring plate 10 moves over 90 degrees from the lowest point position and changes its direction, the stirring plate 10 is slid down from the stirring plate 10 toward the bottom of the rotary furnace 2, so that the portion below half of the rotary furnace 2 This is because most of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 charged in the rotary furnace 2 can be induction-heated if the heat can be heated.
- the carbon-iron metal powder 21 of the mixed powder 23 in the lower part of the rotary furnace 2 is induction-heated.
- the temperature sensor 15 detects that the surface of the carbon-iron metal powder 21 is heated to a predetermined processing temperature (for example, 1000 ° C.)
- the rotary furnace 2 is rotated and the mixed powder 23 is stirred and mixed.
- the iron powder 24 is subjected to a siliconizing process, and the silicon permeation layer 25 is formed on the surface of the iron powder 24.
- the powder magnetic core manufacturing apparatus 51 of the present embodiment generates a magnetic field intensively in the lower part of the rotary furnace 2 where a large amount of the mixed powder 23 exists, and the carbon-iron metal of the mixed powder 23 in the lower part of the rotary furnace 2.
- the powder 21 is heated by induction. Since the powder core manufacturing apparatus 51 has a smaller magnetic field generation area than the coil 14 of the first embodiment, the carbon-iron metal powder is smaller in power than the dust core group 1 of the first embodiment. 21 (iron powder 24) can be heated.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various applications are possible.
- the inside of the rotary furnace 2 is filled with a mixed gas obtained by mixing 30% hydrogen with Ar and the supply amount of Ar. It is good also as an atmosphere.
- the siliconization treatment may be performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere, or in a low gas partial pressure, specifically in a low carbon monoxide (CO) atmosphere, or in a low nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere.
- the processing gas may be another gas such as carbon gas as long as it promotes the oxidation-reduction reaction between the soft magnetic metal powder and the silicon immersion powder.
- the stirring plate 10 fixed to the inner wall of the rotary furnace 2 is provided in a straight line parallel to the axis of the rotary furnace 2, but the stirring is fixed to the inner wall of the rotary furnace 2.
- the plate may be provided in a spiral shape.
- the mixed powder supplied to the rotary furnace 2 is placed on a spiral stirring plate and gradually falls as the rotary furnace 2 rotates, the mixed powder at the bottom of the rotary furnace 2 is dropped from above. It becomes difficult to be compressed by the weight of the powder. As a result, it is possible to more reliably prevent the mixed powder from becoming secondary particles and improve the yield of the powder for the powder magnetic core.
- the carbon-iron metal powder 21 (iron powder 24) is raised as an example of the soft magnetic metal powder, but the Fe—Si alloy, Fe—Al alloy, Fe—Si—Al alloy, Titanium, aluminum, or the like may be used as the soft magnetic metal powder.
- the silicon dioxide powder 22 was mentioned as an example of the powder for silicification, the powder containing at least silicon dioxide, and the powder containing any one or both of a metal carbide or a carbon allotrope, Alternatively, a mixed powder obtained by mixing silicon powder or a powder containing silicon dioxide and a silicon carbide powder may be used as a siliconizing powder.
- an iron-based powder containing at least an oxygen element may be used as the soft magnetic powder, and a powder containing at least a carbon element may be used as the siliconizing powder.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、コイルが円筒形状をなし、コイルの中空部に回転炉が配置されている場合には、コイル通電時に回転炉内に発生する磁束密度が回転炉の軸方向及び円周方向に均一になる。そのため、回転炉内の各軟磁性金属粉末は、それぞれ磁束と交差して渦電流を発生し、表面が均一に発熱する。その結果、二酸化珪素粉末が各軟磁性金属粉末の表面に均一に拡散浸透するようになり、各軟磁性金属粉末は、表面に珪素浸透層が均一に形成される。
2 回転炉
7 モータ
8 コントローラ
10 攪拌板
14,52 コイル
15 温度センサ
21 炭素-鉄金属粉末(軟磁性金属粉末の一例)
22 二酸化珪素粉末(浸珪用粉末の一例)
23 混合粉
24 鉄粉(軟磁性金属粉末の一例)
25 珪素浸透層
28 圧粉磁心用粉末
<圧粉磁心用粉末の概略構成>
図14は、圧粉磁心用粉末28の断面を示すイメージ図である。
圧粉磁心用粉末28は、鉄粉24(軟磁性金属粉末の一例)の絶縁を確保するために、炭素-鉄金属粉末21と二酸化珪素粉末22(浸珪用粉末の一例)との酸化還元反応により鉄粉24の表層に珪素浸透層25が形成されている。そして、圧粉磁心用粉末28は、鉄粉24の表面を覆うように、シリコーン被膜層27が形成され、さらに絶縁性が高められている。
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係り、圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置1の概略構成図である。図2は、図1に示す回転炉のAA断面図である。図3は、図2に示す回転炉のBB断面図であって、図中矢印は磁束を示す。
図1~図3に示す圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置1は、圧粉磁心用粉末28を製造する工程のうち、鉄粉24の表層に珪素浸透層25を形成する浸珪処理工程に用いられる。
次に、圧粉磁心用粉末製造方法について説明する。図4は、浸珪処理を説明する図であって、混合粉投入工程を示す。図5は、浸珪処理を説明する図であって、攪拌工程を示す。図6~図8は、炭素-鉄金属粉末21(鉄粉の一例)と二酸化珪素粉末22との関係を示すイメージ図である。図9~図13は、圧粉磁心用粉末製造方法における浸珪反応を説明するための図である。図14は、圧粉磁心用粉末28の断面を示すイメージ図である。
先ず、炭素-鉄金属粉末21に二酸化珪素粉末22を加えて混合攪拌し、二酸化珪素粉末22を炭素-鉄金属粉末21の外周面に付着させる。例えば、平均粒径が150~212μmの1.5重量%の炭素鋼粉末(鉄粉)を95~97重量%、平均粒径が50nmで比重が2.2の二酸化珪素粉末を3~5重量%の割合で攪拌混合することにより、混合粉23を作る。そして、図4に示すように、回転炉2の開閉扉9を開けて、炭素-鉄金属粉末21と二酸化珪素粉末22の混合粉23を回転炉2内へ投入し、開閉扉9を密閉する。
次に、上記のように製造された圧粉磁心用粉末28を圧粉成形して圧粉磁心を製造する方法について説明する。
圧粉磁心用粉末28を、モータのコアなどの所定形状のキャビティを具備するパンチダイスに充填し、圧粉磁心用粉末28に所定圧と所定熱を加えて加圧成形する。加圧成形体は、キャビティから取り出され、内部に生じた加工歪みを除去するために、高温焼鈍処理が施される。これにより、所定形状の圧粉磁心が製造される。このように製造された圧粉磁心は、鉄粉24の直径Dに対して0.15倍以下の範囲で鉄粉24の表層に珪素浸透層25を形成する圧粉磁心用粉末28を用いているので、加圧成形時に圧粉磁心用粉末28を適度に変形させ、磁心密度や磁束密度が高い。また、圧粉磁心は、珪素浸透層25の鉄粉24の表面からの距離X1や珪素浸透層25におけるSi濃度の分布が粉末間で均一化された圧粉磁心用粉末28を用いているので、圧粉磁心用粉末28の接触面での絶縁性が確保され、渦電流を低減され、比抵抗が高くなる。
実施例では、次の条件で浸珪処理を行った。平均粒径が150~212μmの1.5重量%の炭素鋼粉末(鉄粉)を95~97重量%、平均粒径が50nmで比重が2.2の二酸化珪素粉末を3~5重量%の割合で攪拌混合した混合粉を、セラミックス製の回転炉に投入した後、アルゴン(Ar)とAr供給量に対して30%の水素(H2)の混合ガスを回転炉に供給すると共に排気を開始する。そして、コイルに100MHzで電流を供給する。温度センサにより、鉄粉が処理温度1000℃に加熱されたことを確認したら、コイルに100MHzの電流を供給したまま回転炉を回転速度25rpmで回転させる。その状態で処理時間である1時間が経過したら、コイルへの通電と回転炉の回転を停止し、浸珪処理を終了する。
発明者は、実施例と比較例の歩留まりについて調べた。その結果を図16に示す。ここで、歩留まりは、0%に近い程、二酸化珪素粉末が焼結することにより生成される二次粒子の発生割合が高く、100%に近いほど二次粒子の発生割合が低い(粉末状である)ものとする。
図16に示すように、比較例の歩留まりは約5%であった。つまり、比較例は、回転炉に供給した混合粉の殆どが二次粒子化してしまった。
一方、図16に示すように、実施例の歩留まりは約90%であった。つまり、実施例は、回転炉に供給した混合粉が殆ど二次粒子化せず、各鉄粉の表面に珪素浸透層を形成して細かい粉状の圧粉磁心用粉末を製造することができた。
発明者らは、実施例からランダムに10個の粉末を取り出して切断し、電子顕微鏡で切断面を観察した。そして、鉄粉の表面から鉄粉の中心部へ向かって形成される珪素浸透層の距離を、圧粉磁心用粉末別に測定した。その測定結果を、図17に示す。
続いて、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。図18は、本発明の第2実施形態に係り、圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置51の概略構成図である。
本実施形態の圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置51は、コイル52を除き、第1実施形態と同一の構成を有する。ここでは、第1実施形態と相違する構成を中心に説明し、第1実施形態と同一の構成については、図面に第1実施形態と同一符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。
(1)例えば、上記実施形態では、回転炉2内を、Arと、Arの供給量に対して30%の水素を混合した混合ガスを充填した雰囲気としたが、回転炉2内を真空状態にした雰囲気としても良い。また、減圧雰囲気下、あるいは生成したガス分圧が低い、具体的には低一酸化炭素(CO)雰囲気下、或いは、低窒素(N2)雰囲気下で浸珪処理を行っても良い。また、処理ガスは、軟磁性金属粉末と浸珪用粉末との酸化還元反応を促進するものであれば、炭素ガス等の別のガスであっても良い。
(2)例えば、上記実施形態では、回転炉2の内壁に固設される攪拌板10を回転炉2の軸心と平行な直線状に設けたが、回転炉2の内壁に固定される攪拌板を螺旋状に設けても良い。この場合、回転炉2に供給した混合粉が螺旋状の攪拌板に載せられて、回転炉2の回転に従って少しずつ落下するため、回転炉2の底部にある混合粉が上方から落ちてきた混合粉の重みで圧縮されにくくなる。この結果、より確実に混合粉の二次粒子化を防ぎ、圧粉磁心用粉末の歩留まりを向上させることができる。
(3)例えば、上記実施形態では、軟磁性金属粉末の一例として炭素-鉄金属粉末21(鉄粉24)を上げたが、Fe-Si合金、Fe-Al合金、Fe-Si-Al合金、チタン、アルミニウムなどを軟磁性金属粉末としても良い。
(4)例えば、上記実施形態では、二酸化珪素粉末22を浸珪用粉末の一例に挙げたが、二酸化珪素を少なくとも含む粉末と、金属炭化物又は炭素同素体の何れか一方又は双方を含む粉体とを混合した混合粉末や、二酸化珪素を含む粉末と炭化珪素の粉末とを混合した混合粉末を浸珪用粉末としても良い。或いは、軟磁性粉末として、少なくとも酸素元素を含む鉄系粉末を用い、浸珪用粉末として、少なくとも炭素元素を含む粉末を用いても良い。
Claims (7)
- 圧粉磁心用粉末を製造する圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法において、
軟磁性金属粉末と二酸化珪素を含む浸珪用粉末の混合粉のうち、前記軟磁性金属粉末のみを誘導加熱しながら、前記混合粉を攪拌混合することにより、前記軟磁性金属粉末の表面に珪素浸透層を形成する
ことを特徴とする圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載する圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法において、
前記混合粉が投入される回転炉が絶縁体からなり、
前記回転炉の外部にコイルが配置され、
前記回転炉を前記コイル内で回転させながら前記コイルに通電することにより、前記混合粉に含まれる前記軟磁性金属粉末のみを誘導加熱する
ことを特徴とする圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法。 - 請求項2に記載する圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法において、
前記コイルが、中空円筒形状をなし、
前記コイルの中空部に前記回転炉が配置されている
ことを特徴とする圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3の何れか1つに記載する圧粉磁心用粉末の製造方法により製造された圧粉磁心用粉末を加圧して成形したものであることを特徴とする圧粉磁心。
- 圧粉磁心用粉末を製造する圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置において、
軟磁性金属粉末と二酸化珪素を含む浸珪用粉末の混合粉が投入されるものであって、軸線を中心に回転可能に保持されており、内壁に攪拌部材が立設された回転炉と、
前記回転炉に駆動力を付与するモータと、
少なくとも前記回転炉の底部を覆うように前記回転炉の外部に設けられたコイルと、を有し、
前記コイルに通電することにより、前記軟磁性金属粉末のみを誘導加熱した状態で、前記モータを駆動して前記回転炉を回転させ、前記軟磁性金属粉末の表面に珪素浸透層を形成する
ことを特徴とする圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置。 - 請求項5に記載する圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置において、
前記回転炉が絶縁体で構成されている
ことを特徴とする圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置。 - 請求項5又は請求項6に記載する圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置において、
前記軟磁性金属粉末の表面温度を測定するものであって、前記回転炉の内部に設けられた温度センサと、
前記温度センサの温度測定データが所定の処理温度に安定するように、前記コイルへ供給する電流の周波数を制御するコントローラと、を有する
ことを特徴とする圧粉磁心用粉末製造装置。
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BRPI1009273A2 (pt) | 2016-03-08 |
CN102292178A (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
US20110284794A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
JPWO2011108072A1 (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
EP2543456A1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
KR101302882B1 (ko) | 2013-09-05 |
CN102292178B (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
KR20110122096A (ko) | 2011-11-09 |
EP2543456A4 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
JP5187438B2 (ja) | 2013-04-24 |
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