WO2011105066A1 - 半導体基板、半導体デバイスおよび半導体基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体基板、半導体デバイスおよび半導体基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor device, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that when an electronic device using a compound semiconductor as described above is manufactured on a Si substrate, a high-quality crystal thin film can be obtained by providing a Ge layer that can lattice match with the compound semiconductor as an intermediate layer. Disclosure. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that the crystallinity of a Ge crystal thin film used as an intermediate layer can be improved by annealing a Ge crystal thin film epitaxially grown on a Si substrate (base substrate). For example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that a Ge crystal thin film having an average dislocation density of 2.3 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 can be obtained by annealing a Ge crystal thin film selectively grown in a temperature range of 800 to 900 ° C. Are listed.
- Ge atoms may diffuse into the compound semiconductor during the growth in the compound semiconductor crystal growth process.
- Ge atoms evaporate from the Ge crystal.
- the evaporated Ge atoms are contained in the growing compound semiconductor. May be captured. Since Ge atoms in compound semiconductors act as donors and can reduce the resistance of compound semiconductors, when Ge atoms diffuse into compound semiconductors, it is difficult to grow a high-resistance semiconductor layer necessary for device formation. is there.
- the buffer layer between the Ge crystal and the compound semiconductor for example, GaAs
- the compound semiconductor for example, GaAs
- the thickness of the buffer layer in the oblique facet may be smaller than the thickness of the buffer layer in the horizontal facet.
- the buffer layer in the oblique facet cannot be made sufficiently thick, the buffer layer cannot sufficiently suppress the diffusion of Ge atoms from the Ge crystal to the compound semiconductor in the oblique facet.
- the buffer layer thickness in the oblique facet is sufficiently increased by lengthening the growth time of the buffer layer, the area in the horizontal facet of the mesa-shaped buffer layer is reduced, so that a compound semiconductor can be formed. There is a problem that becomes smaller.
- a base substrate a first crystal layer formed on the base substrate, a second crystal layer covering the first crystal layer, and a second A third crystal layer formed in contact with the crystal layer, wherein the first crystal layer is different from a first crystal plane having a plane orientation equal to a plane in contact with the first crystal layer in the base substrate, and the first crystal plane A second crystal plane having a plane orientation, the second crystal layer having a third crystal plane having the same plane orientation as the first crystal plane, and a fourth crystal plane having the same plane orientation as the second crystal plane.
- the third crystal layer is in contact with at least a part of each of the third crystal face and the fourth crystal face, and in the region in contact with the second crystal surface with respect to the thickness of the second crystal layer in the region in contact with the first crystal surface.
- the thickness ratio of the second crystal layer corresponds to the thickness of the third crystal layer in the region in contact with the third crystal plane. 4 provides a larger semiconductor substrate than the ratio of the third crystal layer thickness in the region in contact with the crystal plane that.
- the semiconductor substrate further includes an inhibitor that is formed on the base substrate and has an opening reaching the base substrate and inhibits crystal growth of the first crystal layer, and the first crystal layer is formed inside the opening.
- the first crystal layer has a composition of C x Si y Ge z Sn 1-xyz (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, and 0 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 1).
- the third crystal layer is a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing As atoms.
- the semiconductor substrate further includes a fourth crystal layer formed on the third crystal layer, and the fourth crystal layer is selected from the group consisting of a GaAs layer, an AlGaAs layer, an InGaAs layer, an InGaP layer, and an AlInGaP layer. It may include at least two layers.
- the semiconductor substrate may include a plurality of stacked bodies including the second crystal layer and the third crystal layer on the first crystal layer in the stacking direction of the second crystal layer and the third crystal layer.
- a semiconductor device having the above semiconductor substrate and having a semiconductor element formed in a fourth crystal layer.
- the step of forming the first crystal layer on the base substrate, the step of epitaxially growing the second crystal layer covering the first crystal layer, and the third crystal layer in contact with the second crystal layer Epitaxially growing the first crystal layer, a first crystal plane having a plane orientation equal to a plane in contact with the first crystal layer in the base substrate, and a second crystal having a plane orientation different from the first crystal plane
- the third crystal layer in contact with at least a part of each of the third crystal plane and the fourth crystal plane is epitaxially grown, and the second crystal layer is grown on the first crystal plane.
- the ratio of the growth rate of the second crystal layer in the second crystal plane to the degree of the semiconductor substrate is greater than the ratio of the growth rate of the third crystal layer in the fourth crystal plane to the growth rate of the third crystal layer in the third crystal plane.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the first crystal layer may be annealed at 700 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section in a partial region of a semiconductor substrate 100.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which expanded and showed the B section in FIG. 1A.
- a cross section in a partial region in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor substrate 100 is shown.
- a cross section in a partial region in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor substrate 100 is shown.
- 2 shows a cross section in a partial region of a semiconductor device 200.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section in a partial region of a semiconductor device 300.
- FIG. 3 is SIMS data showing an impurity depth profile of a semiconductor substrate in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is SIMS data showing an impurity depth profile of a semiconductor substrate in Comparative Example 1; 2 shows a cross-sectional shape of a semiconductor substrate in Example 1. The cross-sectional shape of the semiconductor substrate in Example 2 is shown.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of a partial cross-section of the semiconductor substrate 100
- FIG. 1B is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion B in FIG. 1A
- the semiconductor substrate 100 includes a base substrate 102, an inhibitor 104, a first crystal layer 108, a second crystal layer 114, and a third crystal layer 120.
- the base substrate 102 has silicon on the surface.
- the base substrate 102 is a Si wafer or an SOI substrate.
- As the base substrate a substrate in which the main surface of silicon on the surface of the base substrate is the (100) plane or an off-substrate in which the growth surface is shifted from the (100) plane can be used.
- the inhibitor 104 inhibits the crystal growth of the first crystal layer 108.
- the inhibitor 104 is, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride.
- the inhibitor 104 is formed on the base substrate 102.
- An opening 106 that reaches the base substrate 102 is formed in the inhibitor 104.
- the first crystal layer 108 is formed on the base substrate 102 inside the opening 106.
- the first crystal layer 108 is lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched with silicon on the surface of the base substrate 102.
- the second crystal layer 114 is formed on the first crystal layer 108 and covers the first crystal layer 108. That is, the second crystal layer 114 is in contact with all surfaces other than the surface in contact with the base substrate 102 in the first crystal layer 108.
- the third crystal layer 120 is formed in contact with the second crystal layer 114.
- the first crystal layer 108 has a first crystal face 110 and a second crystal face 112.
- the plane orientation of the first crystal plane 110 is equal to the plane orientation of the surface of the base substrate 102.
- the first crystal plane 110 may be parallel to the surface of the base substrate 102.
- the second crystal plane 112 has a plane orientation different from that of the first crystal plane 110.
- the second crystal plane 112 is not parallel to the surface of the base substrate 102.
- the area of the first crystal plane 110 is smaller than the area of the region where the first crystal layer 108 is in contact with the base substrate 102.
- the first crystal layer 108 includes a plurality of second crystal planes 112 having different plane orientations.
- the region in which the first crystal layer 108 is in contact with the base substrate 102 is a rectangle
- the first crystal layer 108 has four second sides in contact with the four sides of the first crystal surface 110 and the four sides of the region in contact with the base substrate 102.
- a crystal face 112 is provided.
- the second crystal layer 114 has a third crystal face 116 and a fourth crystal face 118.
- the plane orientation of the third crystal plane 116 is different from the plane orientation of the fourth crystal plane 118.
- the plane orientation of the third crystal plane 116 is equal to the plane orientation of the first crystal plane 110.
- the plane orientation of the fourth crystal plane 118 is equal to the plane orientation of the second crystal plane 112.
- the third crystal layer 120 is in contact with at least a partial region of each of the third crystal face 116 and the fourth crystal face 118 of the second crystal layer 114.
- the second crystal layer 114 covers the first crystal layer 108.
- a third crystal face 116 corresponding to the first crystal face 110 and a fourth crystal face 118 corresponding to the second crystal face 112 are formed on the surface of the second crystal layer 114.
- the second crystal layer 114 has a fourth crystal plane 118 corresponding to each of the plurality of second crystal planes 112.
- the ratio of the thickness of the second crystal layer 114 in the region in contact with the second crystal surface 112 to the thickness of the second crystal layer 114 in the region in contact with the first crystal surface 110 is the third crystal layer in the region in contact with the third crystal surface 116.
- the ratio of the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 in the region in contact with the fourth crystal plane 118 to the thickness of 120 is larger.
- the thickness of the crystal layer refers to the distance between the first surface and the second surface in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the crystal layer and the second surface facing the first surface. It is.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 may have another layer between the third crystal layer 120 and the fourth crystal plane 118. In this case, the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 is a thickness in a region where the third crystal layer 120 is in contact with another layer.
- the thickness of the epitaxially grown layer varies with the growth rate.
- the thickness of the second crystal layer 114 in the region in contact with the first crystal surface 110 is d1
- the thickness of the second crystal layer 114 in the region in contact with the second crystal surface 112 is d2
- the thickness in the region in contact with the third crystal surface 116 is
- the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 is d3
- the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 in the region in contact with the fourth crystal plane 118 is d4
- the relationship of (d2 / d1)> (d4 / d3) is satisfied.
- the thicknesses d1, d2, d3, and d4 satisfy the above relationship, the atoms included in the first crystal layer 108 can be prevented from diffusing into the compound semiconductor layer formed on the third crystal layer 120. .
- the first crystal layer 108 is, for example, C x Si y Ge z Sn 1-xyz (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, and 0 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 1). is there.
- Si y Ge z (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1) is preferable, and Ge is more preferable.
- the first crystal layer 108 can be formed, for example, by selective epitaxial growth using the inhibitor 104 as a mask.
- the first crystal layer 108 is preferably annealed at a temperature and time at which lattice defects move to the second crystal plane 112, for example. When the lattice defects move to the second crystal plane 112, the crystallinity of the first crystal layer 108 is improved.
- the second crystal layer 114 is preferably lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched with the first crystal layer 108.
- the second crystal layer 114 includes P atoms as group 5 elements, the second crystal layer 114 tends to grow on the oblique facets (second crystal plane 112) formed in the first crystal layer 108.
- the thickness of the crystal layer 114 can be set to a thickness that suppresses evaporation or diffusion of Ge atoms contained in the first crystal layer 108 through the second crystal plane 112.
- the second crystal layer 114 may be formed in contact with the first crystal layer 108 or may be formed through an intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer is, for example, a low temperature growth buffer layer.
- the growth temperature of the low temperature growth buffer layer is preferably 600 ° C. or less.
- the third crystal layer 120 is, for example, a group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing As atoms.
- the third crystal layer 120 preferably has a lattice constant closer to that of GaAs than that of the second crystal layer 114. Since the third crystal layer 120 is easily lattice-matched to GaAs, it is suitable for crystal growth of GaAs on the third crystal layer 120.
- the thickness of the second crystal layer 114 is preferably 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 is preferably 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less. Since the second crystal layer 114 or the third crystal layer 120 has a thickness of 1 nm or more, the oblique facets (second crystal plane 112) of the first crystal layer 108 are covered with a crystal layer having a sufficient thickness. The evaporation and diffusion of Ge atoms can be suppressed.
- the film thickness of the second crystal layer 114 or the third crystal layer 120 can be limited, so that the raw material cost Can be suppressed. Further, defects caused by the film thickness of the laminated film becoming too thick in the resist coating process or the exposure process of the device processing process can be suppressed.
- the area of the plane parallel to the main surface of the first crystal layer 108 becomes smaller than the bottom area of the opening 106. Therefore, when the total film thickness of the laminated film including the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 is increased, the area of the plane parallel to the main surface is further reduced, and the area that can be effectively used for device fabrication is reduced.
- the film thickness of the second crystal layer 114 and the film thickness of the third crystal layer 120 to 500 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less, a reduction in the area of the plane parallel to the main surface of the base substrate 102 can be suppressed. .
- the oblique facet portion is a plane parallel to the main surface of the base substrate 102 if the film thickness becomes too thick.
- the shape of the second crystal layer 114 may be disturbed by rising from the (third crystal plane 116).
- the third crystal layer 120 contains As as a group 5 element and easily grows on a plane (third crystal plane 116) parallel to the main surface of the base substrate 102. Therefore, since the plane parallel to the main surface of the base substrate 102 necessary for the growth of the functional layer functioning as the active region of the device can be grown flat, the thickness variation generated in the second crystal layer 114 can be reduced. Can be compensated. As an example, by setting the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 to 1 nm or more, the thickness variation generated in the second crystal layer 114 can be compensated, and the surface of the third crystal layer 120 can be planarized. .
- the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 is set to 500 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less, the combined thickness of the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 can be suppressed. It is possible to suppress a reduction in the area of the surface parallel to the main surface of the base substrate 102 necessary for growth. Note that the thickness of the second crystal layer 114 and the thickness of the third crystal layer 120 can be adjusted and optimized in accordance with the size of the opening 106 and the size of a device to be manufactured.
- the Si crystal and the Ge crystal have different physical property values such as a lattice constant and a thermal expansion coefficient.
- the crystal defects are likely to occur.
- the opening 106 is formed small and the plane area of the Ge layer formed inside is small, the influence of the difference in lattice constant or the difference in thermal expansion coefficient is reduced, so that dislocations are less likely to occur.
- the smaller the area of the Ge layer the easier it is to reduce dislocations.
- the bottom area of the opening 106 is preferably 1 mm 2 or less. Bottom area of the opening 106, further preferably 25 [mu] m 2 or more 2500 [mu] m 2 or less. If the bottom area of the opening 106 is smaller than 25 ⁇ m 2 , it is not preferable because an area where an electronic element or an optical element can be manufactured is small.
- the second crystal layer 114 or the third crystal layer 120 may be formed on the inhibitor 104. Note that the semiconductor substrate 100 may not include the inhibitor 104 and the opening 106.
- the growth surface is Si (100).
- An off-substrate slightly shifted from the surface can be used. Use of an off-substrate is preferable in that generation of anti-phase domains can be suppressed.
- the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 are stacked one by one, the amount of rising of the edge when the second crystal layer 114 is stacked thickly varies depending on the direction.
- the device process after the device structure is stacked may be adversely affected.
- the rise of the edge portion can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 shows cross sections in a partial region of the semiconductor substrate 100 in the process of manufacturing the semiconductor substrate 100.
- an inhibitor 104 is formed on the base substrate 102, and an opening 106 reaching the base substrate 102 is formed in the inhibitor 104. Then, a first crystal layer 108 is formed on the base substrate 102 inside the opening 106. Next, as shown in FIG. 2B, the second crystal layer 114 covering the first crystal layer 108 is epitaxially grown. Thereafter, the third crystal layer 120 is epitaxially grown in contact with the second crystal layer 114, whereby the semiconductor substrate 100 shown in FIG. 1A can be manufactured.
- the growth rate of the second crystal layer 114 on the second crystal surface 112 with respect to the growth rate of the second crystal layer 114 on the first crystal surface 110 is performed under a growth condition in which the ratio is larger than the ratio of the growth rate of the third crystal layer 120 in the fourth crystal plane 118 to the growth rate of the third crystal layer 120 in the third crystal plane 116.
- a chemical vapor deposition method using GeH 4 as a source gas can be used.
- the crystal defects are reduced by annealing the first crystal layer 108.
- annealing can be continued after epitaxial growth of the first crystal layer 108 in a vapor phase growth apparatus for epitaxially growing the first crystal layer 108.
- the first crystal layer 108 is preferably annealed at a temperature and a time at which internal crystal defects can move to the second crystal plane 112, for example.
- the annealing temperature and time are optimized depending on the size of the first crystal layer 108.
- a preferable annealing temperature is 700 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower. If the annealing temperature is lower than 700 ° C., the movement of crystal defects is not sufficient, and it takes a long time to reduce dislocations.
- An annealing temperature higher than 950 ° C. is not preferable because the first crystal layer 108 is easily decomposed or evaporated.
- the temperature for annealing the first crystal layer 108 is more preferably 750 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower.
- annealing the first crystal layer 108 at 750 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower dislocations in the crystal can be reduced and disorder of the shape of the first crystal layer 108 can be suppressed. Dislocations can also be reduced by cycle annealing that repeats temperature changes.
- a heat source used for annealing a resistance heating type or high frequency induction heating type wafer holder can be used. Also, lamp heating with infrared rays can be used. When performing cycle annealing, annealing in a short cycle is possible by using a lamp heating method.
- the MOCVD method or the MBE method can be used for the epitaxial growth of the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120.
- the MOCVD method or the MBE method can be used for the formation of the second crystal layer 114 by the MOCVD method.
- PH 3 is used as at least one kind of raw material.
- the second crystal layer 114 containing P atoms can be formed on the first crystal layer 108, so that the Ge layer included in the first crystal layer 108 is decomposed. A good heterointerface is obtained without any occurrence.
- the third crystal layer 120 In forming the third crystal layer 120, AsH 3 is used as at least one kind of raw material. By using AsH 3 as at least one kind of raw material, the third crystal layer 120 containing As can be formed on the second crystal layer 114, so that a high-quality crystal with few impurities can be obtained.
- the growth temperature of the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 is preferably 450 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower. When the growth temperature of the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 is lower than 450 ° C., it is difficult to obtain good crystal quality, and when the growth temperature is higher than 700 ° C., Ge atoms contained in the first crystal layer 108 are contained in the third crystal layer. Since it becomes easy to be taken in the compound semiconductor formed above 120, it is not preferable.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section in a partial region of the semiconductor device 200.
- the semiconductor device 200 has a fourth crystal layer 202 formed on the third crystal layer 120 of the semiconductor substrate 100.
- the fourth crystal layer 202 include those including at least two layers selected from the group consisting of a GaAs layer, an AlGaAs layer, an InGaAs layer, an InGaP layer, and an AlInGaP layer.
- the fourth crystal layer 202 preferably includes at least one semiconductor layer having a carrier concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the fourth crystal layer 202 preferably includes at least one semiconductor layer having a Ge atom concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- a desired semiconductor element can be formed by processing the fourth crystal layer 202.
- the semiconductor element is, for example, an electronic element or an optical element.
- the electronic element is, for example, an HBT.
- the optical element is, for example, a light emitting element or a light receiving element.
- a semiconductor element may be formed by mixing optical elements and electronic elements.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a hetero bipolar transistor (HBT).
- HBT hetero bipolar transistor
- the fourth crystal layer 202 preferably includes a multilayer structure made of crystals that lattice-match or pseudo-lattice-match with GaAs crystals.
- the first crystal layer 108 is a Ge layer
- the Ge crystal of the Ge layer and the GaAs crystal in the fourth crystal layer 202 are pseudo-lattice matched. Since no dislocation occurs in the layer lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched with the GaAs crystal, the high-quality fourth crystal layer 202 can be grown.
- the thickness of the layer constituting the fourth crystal layer 202 is small, a high-quality crystal can be grown without causing dislocation even if there is a difference in lattice constant.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section in a partial region of the semiconductor device 300.
- the second crystal layer 114 is formed in contact with the first crystal layer 108
- the third crystal layer 120 is formed in contact with the second crystal layer 114. Further, a plurality of sets of the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 are formed by being laminated.
- the fourth crystal layer 202 is formed on the third crystal layer 120 that is formed farthest from the base substrate 102, and the HBT is formed in the fourth crystal layer 202.
- the semiconductor device 300 includes a plurality of stacked layers including the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120, the effect of suppressing the evaporation or diffusion of Ge can be enhanced.
- the stack of the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 is preferably formed repeatedly 3 times or more, preferably 5 times or more.
- the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 are stacked in the order of the first crystal layer 108 / the second crystal layer 114 / the third crystal layer 120, and the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 are formed in this order.
- the third crystal layer 120 is repeatedly formed a plurality of times, and the second crystal layer 114 / the third crystal layer 120 are formed as the outermost layer stack farthest from the base substrate 102.
- first crystal layer 108 / the third crystal layer 120 / the second crystal layer 114 / the third crystal layer 120 are formed in this order, and the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 are repeatedly formed a plurality of times.
- the second crystal layer 114 / third crystal layer 120 may be formed as a stack of surfaces. Note that, among the plurality of third crystal layers 120 included in the plurality of stacked bodies, the area of the third crystal layer 120 having the largest distance from the first crystal layer 108 has the smallest distance from the first crystal layer 108. The area is preferably larger than the area of the three crystal layers 120.
- the inhibitor 104 may have a plurality of openings 106, and inside each of the plurality of openings 106.
- a first crystal layer 108 may be formed.
- a plurality of inhibitors 104 may be formed, and a plurality of openings 106 may be formed for each inhibitor 104.
- the distance or direction between adjacent inhibitors 104 is the same in each of the plurality of inhibitors 104.
- the plurality of inhibitors 104 are arranged in a lattice pattern. Each of the plurality of inhibitors 104 may be arranged at equal intervals.
- each of the inhibitors 104 it is preferable that an electronic element or an optical element is formed in each opening 106. Moreover, it is preferable that the distance or direction between the adjacent openings 106 in each of the inhibitors 104 is the same.
- the plurality of openings 106 are preferably arranged in a grid pattern. Each of the plurality of openings 106 may be arranged at equal intervals. By forming a plurality of openings 106 in the same arrangement, it is easy to control the film thickness of the crystal layer to be epitaxially grown.
- the electronic elements or optical elements formed in each of the plurality of openings 106 are connected to each other by wiring.
- the openings 106 are preferably arranged at equal intervals.
- an electronic device such as a heterobipolar transistor can be formed in each of the plurality of openings 106, and the formed devices can be connected in parallel to form an electronic device.
- An optical device is formed by connecting an optical element having a light emitting portion or a light receiving portion formed in each of the openings 106 to each other, or by connecting another optical element formed on the base substrate 102 to the optical element. can do.
- Example 1 As the base substrate 102, a commercially available single crystal Si wafer which was turned off by 6 ° in the ⁇ 110> direction from the (100) plane was prepared. An inhibitor 104 made of SiO 2 was formed on the surface of the base substrate 102 by a thermal oxidation method. An opening 106 was formed in the inhibitor 104 by patterning using a photolithography method. Next, a Ge layer was selectively grown as the first crystal layer 108 inside the opening 106 by a low pressure CVD method using GeH 4 as a source gas. Furthermore, annealing was performed in a CVD furnace to improve the quality of Ge crystals.
- the base substrate 102 was taken out from the CVD furnace and set in the MOCVD furnace. Hydrogen was used as the carrier gas, and GaAs buffer layers were grown at a growth temperature of 550 ° C. using trimethylgallium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as TMG) and arsine as raw materials. Thereafter, the growth temperature was changed to 640 ° C., and a GaAs layer was grown using TMG and arsine as raw materials. The thickness of the GaAs layer was 250 nm.
- TMG trimethylgallium
- arsine arsine
- the growth temperature is changed to 610 ° C., and an In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer using trimethylindium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as TMI), TMG and phosphine as raw materials is formed as the second crystal layer 114, A GaAs layer using TMG and arsine as raw materials was formed as the third crystal layer 120. Further, the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer and the GaAs layer were repeatedly formed, and a multilayer film including the second crystal layer and the third crystal layer was grown. The growth thickness was 10 nm for the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer and 20 nm for the GaAs layer, resulting in a 10-cycle multilayer film. Further, a GaAs layer was grown as a part of the fourth crystal layer 202.
- TMI trimethylindium
- Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1, a semiconductor substrate similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that the multilayer portion composed of the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer and the GaAs layer in Example 1 was changed to a GaAs layer.
- the depth profile (concentration distribution in the depth direction) of the impurity in the portion where the inhibitor 104 is not present was measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- 5A is SIMS data showing the impurity depth profile of the semiconductor substrate in Example 1
- FIG. 5B is SIMS data showing the impurity depth profile of the semiconductor substrate in Comparative Example 1.
- the GaAs layer (fourth crystal layer) at a position 500 to 600 nm away from the interface between the Ge layer as the first crystal layer 108 and the GaAs layer (GaAs buffer layer) toward the GaAs layer (part of the fourth crystal layer 202).
- the Ge concentration in part 202 was approximately 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the Ge concentration in Comparative Example 1 is the Ge concentration in the GaAs crystal at a position 500 to 600 nm away from the interface between the Ge layer and the GaAs layer as the first crystal layer 108 to the GaAs layer side.
- the value was about 3 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3, an order of magnitude higher than that of Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional shape of the semiconductor substrate in Example 1.
- the cross-sectional shape shown in the figure is obtained by measuring a cross section cut perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate using a laser microscope.
- the figure shows a Ge layer (first crystal layer 108), a GaAs buffer layer, a GaAs layer, and an In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer (second crystal layer 114) grown in the opening 106 of the inhibitor 104.
- 3 shows a cross section of a multilayer structure in which a multilayer film in which 10 cycles of a GaAs layer (third crystal layer 120) are stacked and a GaAs layer (a part of the fourth crystal layer 202) is stacked.
- the cross section is substantially trapezoidal, and the cross section corresponding to the leg of the trapezoid corresponds to the diagonal facet equivalent to the second crystal face 112 or the fourth crystal face 118, and the upper base of the trapezoid
- the cross section corresponding to corresponds to the surface of the multilayer structure equivalent to the first crystal face 110 or the third crystal face 116. As shown in the figure, it was confirmed that no bulge occurred on the surface of the multilayer structure near the oblique facet.
- Example 2 Similarly to Example 1, SiO 2 as the inhibitor 104 was formed on the surface of the single crystal Si wafer as the base substrate 102, and an opening 106 was formed in the inhibitor 104 (SiO 2 ). Further, similarly to the first embodiment, a Ge layer is selectively grown as the first crystal layer 108 on the base substrate 102 (single crystal Si wafer) inside the opening 106, and the Ge layer is annealed to form a Ge crystal. Improved quality. Thereafter, the base substrate 102 was set in an MOCVD furnace, and a GaAs buffer layer and a GaAs layer were grown in the same manner as in Example 1.
- an In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer was formed as the second crystal layer 114 under the same conditions as in Example 1, and a GaAs layer was further formed as the third crystal layer 120.
- the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer (the second crystal layer 114) is not formed as a multilayer structure including a plurality of stacked layers of the second crystal layer and the third crystal layer as in the first embodiment.
- a GaAs layer (third crystal layer 120) are only formed one by one.
- the film thicknesses of the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer and the GaAs layer were 200 nm, respectively.
- a GaAs layer was grown as a part of the fourth crystal layer 202.
- the impurity depth profile in the portion where the inhibitor 104 is not present was measured by SIMS in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the Ge atom concentration rapidly decreases in the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer, and the GaAs layer (fourth crystal) from the interface between the Ge layer as the first crystal layer 108 and the GaAs layer (GaAs buffer layer).
- the Ge concentration in the GaAs layer (a part of the fourth crystal layer 202) at a position 500 to 600 nm away from the (part of the layer 202) side was about 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 . That is, it was found that the semiconductor substrate in Example 2 had the effect of suppressing the mixing of Ge atoms to the GaAs layer (a part of the fourth crystal layer 202) side, like the semiconductor substrate in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional shape of a semiconductor substrate in Example 2.
- the cross-sectional shape shown in the figure is obtained by measuring a cross section cut perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate using a laser microscope.
- the cross section of the figure shows a Ge layer (first crystal layer 108), a GaAs buffer layer, a GaAs layer, an In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer (second crystal layer 114) grown in the opening 106 of the inhibitor 104. ),
- the cross section is generally trapezoidal.
- a cross-sectional portion corresponding to the trapezoidal leg corresponds to an oblique facet equivalent to the second crystal face 112 or the fourth crystal face 118, and a cross-sectional portion corresponding to the upper base of the trapezoid is the first crystal face 110 or the first crystal face. It corresponds to the surface of the multilayer structure equivalent to the three crystal planes 116. On the surface of the multilayer structure in the vicinity of the oblique facets, unlike the case of Example 1, a slight rise is observed.
- the effect of suppressing the evaporation or diffusion of Ge atoms can be obtained in the same way in both the multilayer structure of Example 1 and the multilayer structure of Example 2, but the flatness on the surface of the multilayer structure is similar to that of Example 1. This was found to be superior to the multilayer structure of Example 2.
- Example 3 As in the first embodiment, the inhibitor 104 and the opening 106 are formed on the single crystal Si wafer as the base substrate 102, and the Ge layer is selectively grown inside the opening 106, thereby improving the quality of the Ge layer by annealing. Carried out. Subsequently, as in Example 1, the GaAs buffer layer, the GaAs layer, and the In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P layer (second crystal layer 114) and the GaAs layer (third crystal layer 120) were cycled 10 times. A laminated multilayer film was formed.
- a Si-doped n-type GaAs layer On the multilayer film, a Si-doped n-type GaAs layer, a Si-doped n-type InGaP layer, a Si-doped n-type GaAs layer, an undoped GaAs layer, a C-doped p-type GaAs layer, and a Si-doped n-type InGaP layer.
- an HBT element structure having a fourth crystal layer in which a Si-doped n-type GaAs layer and a Si-doped n-type InGaAs layer are laminated in this order was formed.
- a laterally grown compound semiconductor layer that is laterally grown on the inhibitor 104 may be formed using a stacked film including the second crystal layer 114 and the third crystal layer 120 as a seed.
- the leakage current to the substrate side of the device formed in the laterally grown compound semiconductor layer is reduced, the stray capacitance is reduced, and the device performance is improved. Can be increased.
- semiconductor substrate 100 semiconductor substrate, 102 base substrate, 104 inhibitor, 106 opening, 108 first crystal layer, 110 first crystal surface, 112 second crystal surface, 114 second crystal layer, 116 third crystal surface, 118 fourth crystal surface , 120 third crystal layer, 200 semiconductor device, 202 fourth crystal layer, 204 emitter electrode, 206 base electrode, 208 collector electrode, 300 semiconductor device
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1 特開昭61-094318号公報
非特許文献1 Hsin-Chiao Luan 他著、High-quality Ge epilayers on Si with low threading-dislocation densities、Appl. Phys. Lett. 75巻、2909頁、1999年
ベース基板102として(100)面から<110>方向に6°オフした市販の単結晶Siウェハを用意した。ベース基板102の表面に、熱酸化法によりSiO2からなる阻害体104を形成した。フォトリソグラフィ法によるパターニングで阻害体104に開口106を形成した。次に、GeH4を原料ガスとして用いる減圧CVD法により、開口106の内部に、第1結晶層108としてGe層を選択的に成長させた。さらにCVD炉内でアニールを行い、Ge結晶の高品質化を行った。
比較例1として、実施例1におけるIn0.48Ga0.52P層とGaAs層からなる多層膜の部分をGaAs層に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の半導体基板を作製した。
実施例1と同様に、ベース基板102である単結晶Siウェハの表面に、阻害体104であるSiO2を形成し、阻害体104(SiO2)に開口106を形成した。さらに実施例1と同様に、開口106の内部のベース基板102(単結晶Siウェハ)上に、第1結晶層108としてGe層を選択的に成長させ、当該Ge層をアニールして、Ge結晶の高品質化を行った。その後、ベース基板102をMOCVD炉にセットし、実施例1と同様にGaAsバッファ層およびGaAs層を成長させた。
実施例1と同様に、ベース基板102である単結晶Siウェハ上に、阻害体104、開口106を形成し、開口106の内部にGe層を選択成長し、アニールによるGe層の高品質化を実施した。続いて、実施例1と同様に、GaAsバッファ層、GaAs層、および、In0.48Ga0.52P層(第2結晶層114)とGaAs層(第3結晶層120)とを10周期積層した多層膜を形成した。
Claims (11)
- ベース基板と、前記ベース基板上に形成された第1結晶層と、前記第1結晶層を被覆する第2結晶層と、前記第2結晶層に接して形成された第3結晶層と
を備え、
前記第1結晶層が、前記ベース基板における前記第1結晶層と接する面と面方位が等しい第1結晶面、及び、前記第1結晶面と異なる面方位を有する第2結晶面を有し、
前記第2結晶層が、前記第1結晶面と面方位が等しい第3結晶面、及び、前記第2結晶面と面方位が等しい第4結晶面を有し、
前記第3結晶層が、前記第3結晶面及び前記第4結晶面のそれぞれの少なくとも一部に接しており、
前記第1結晶面に接する領域における前記第2結晶層の厚みに対する前記第2結晶面に接する領域における前記第2結晶層の厚みの比が、前記第3結晶面に接する領域における前記第3結晶層の厚みに対する前記第4結晶面に接する領域における前記第3結晶層の厚みの比よりも大きい半導体基板。 - 前記ベース基板上に形成され、かつ、前記ベース基板に達する開口を有し、前記第1結晶層の結晶成長を阻害する阻害体をさらに備え、
前記第1結晶層が、前記開口の内部に形成されている
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第1結晶層は、組成がCxSiyGezSn1-x-y―z(0≦x<1、0≦y<1、0<z≦1、かつ、0<x+y+z≦1)である
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第3結晶層は、As原子を含有する3-5族化合物半導体である
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第2結晶層は、組成がAlaGabIncAsdPe(0≦a<1、0≦b<1、0<c≦1、a+b+c=1、0≦d<1、0<e≦1、かつd+e=1)であり、
前記第3結晶層は、組成がAlfGagInhAsiPj(0≦f≦1、0≦g≦1、0≦h<1、f+g+h=1、0<i≦1、0≦j<1、かつi+j=1)である
請求項4に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第2結晶層が、前記第1結晶層と格子整合または擬格子整合する
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第3結晶層上に形成された第4結晶層をさらに有し、
前記第4結晶層が、GaAs層、AlGaAs層、InGaAs層、InGaP層およびAlInGaP層からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも2つの層を含む
請求項1に記載の半導体基板。 - 前記第1結晶層上に、前記第2結晶層及び前記第3結晶層からなる積層体を、前記第2結晶層及び前記第3結晶層の積層方向に複数備える請求項1に記載の半導体基板。
- 請求項7に記載の半導体基板を有し、
前記第4結晶層に半導体素子が形成されている
半導体デバイス。 - ベース基板上に第1結晶層を形成する段階と、
前記第1結晶層を覆う第2結晶層をエピタキシャル成長させる段階と、
前記第2結晶層に接する第3結晶層をエピタキシャル成長させる段階と
を有し、
前記第1結晶層が、前記ベース基板における前記第1結晶層と接する面と面方位が等しい第1結晶面、及び、前記第1結晶面と異なる面方位を有する第2結晶面を有し、
前記第2結晶層が、前記第1結晶面と面方位が等しい第3結晶面、及び、前記第2結晶面と面方位が等しい第4結晶面を有し、
前記第2結晶層をエピタキシャル成長させる段階および前記第3結晶層をエピタキシャル成長させる段階においては、
前記第3結晶面及び前記第4結晶面のそれぞれの少なくとも一部に接する前記第3結晶層をエピタキシャル成長させ、
前記第1結晶面における前記第2結晶層の成長速度に対する前記第2結晶面における前記第2結晶層の成長速度の比が、前記第3結晶面における前記第3結晶層の成長速度に対する前記第4結晶面における前記第3結晶層の成長速度の比より大きい
半導体基板の製造方法。 - 前記第1結晶層を形成する段階においては、前記第1結晶層を700℃以上950℃以下でアニールする請求項10に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2011800090924A CN102754189A (zh) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-23 | 半导体基板、半导体器件及半导体基板的制造方法 |
KR1020127018973A KR20130007546A (ko) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-23 | 반도체 기판, 반도체 디바이스 및 반도체 기판의 제조 방법 |
US13/594,389 US20120319171A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2012-08-24 | Semiconductor wafer, semiconductor device, and a method of producing a semiconductor wafer |
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US13/594,389 Continuation-In-Part US20120319171A1 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2012-08-24 | Semiconductor wafer, semiconductor device, and a method of producing a semiconductor wafer |
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US (1) | US20120319171A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2011199268A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130007546A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102754189A (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2011105066A1 (ja) |
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CN102714176A (zh) * | 2010-02-26 | 2012-10-03 | 住友化学株式会社 | 电子器件及电子器件的制造方法 |
Citations (6)
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JPS61137387A (ja) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-06-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体レ−ザ |
JPS63172483A (ja) * | 1987-01-12 | 1988-07-16 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | 半導体レ−ザ |
JPH01194314A (ja) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-04 | Toshiba Corp | 薄膜結晶成長法 |
JPH04100291A (ja) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-04-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法および、光半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH05167187A (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-02 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザ |
JP2009177167A (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-08-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 半導体基板、半導体基板の製造方法および電子デバイス |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2009043866A (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-26 | Nec Electronics Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
WO2009020433A1 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A semiconductor arrangement and a method for manufacturing the same |
TW200949908A (en) * | 2008-03-01 | 2009-12-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Semiconductor substrate, method for manufacturing the same and electronic device |
-
2011
- 2011-02-22 JP JP2011036206A patent/JP2011199268A/ja active Pending
- 2011-02-23 CN CN2011800090924A patent/CN102754189A/zh active Pending
- 2011-02-23 WO PCT/JP2011/001014 patent/WO2011105066A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-02-23 KR KR1020127018973A patent/KR20130007546A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-02-25 TW TW100106351A patent/TW201145507A/zh unknown
-
2012
- 2012-08-24 US US13/594,389 patent/US20120319171A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61137387A (ja) * | 1984-12-10 | 1986-06-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体レ−ザ |
JPS63172483A (ja) * | 1987-01-12 | 1988-07-16 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | 半導体レ−ザ |
JPH01194314A (ja) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-04 | Toshiba Corp | 薄膜結晶成長法 |
JPH04100291A (ja) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-04-02 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法および、光半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH05167187A (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-02 | Nec Corp | 半導体レーザ |
JP2009177167A (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-08-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 半導体基板、半導体基板の製造方法および電子デバイス |
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TW201145507A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
KR20130007546A (ko) | 2013-01-18 |
JP2011199268A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
US20120319171A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
CN102754189A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
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