WO2011078248A1 - 高分子化合物、これを含む薄膜及びインク組成物 - Google Patents
高分子化合物、これを含む薄膜及びインク組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011078248A1 WO2011078248A1 PCT/JP2010/073187 JP2010073187W WO2011078248A1 WO 2011078248 A1 WO2011078248 A1 WO 2011078248A1 JP 2010073187 W JP2010073187 W JP 2010073187W WO 2011078248 A1 WO2011078248 A1 WO 2011078248A1
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate group Chemical group CS(=O)(=O)[O-] AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KFBKRCXOTTUAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ni].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KFBKRCXOTTUAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001148 pentyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001129 phenylbutoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WWGXHTXOZKVJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;n,n-diethylcarbamodithioate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na+].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S WWGXHTXOZKVJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Inorganic materials O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical group CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyltin Chemical group CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/464—Lateral top-gate IGFETs comprising only a single gate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/466—Lateral bottom-gate IGFETs comprising only a single gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/484—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the channel regions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/324—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed
- C08G2261/3243—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. benzothiophene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/411—Suzuki reactions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/414—Stille reactions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/50—Physical properties
- C08G2261/51—Charge transport
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/90—Applications
- C08G2261/92—TFT applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer compound, a thin film and an ink composition containing the polymer compound, an organic transistor including the thin film, a planar light source including the organic transistor, and a display device.
- Organic transistors are suitable for uses such as electronic paper and flexible displays because they have low cost and are flexible and bendable, and have attracted attention in recent years.
- An organic transistor includes a layer having a charge transport property (meaning holes and electrons, hereinafter the same) composed of an organic substance, and an organic semiconductor material is mainly used as the organic substance.
- an organic semiconductor material a high molecular compound capable of forming a layer (that is, an organic semiconductor layer and generally also referred to as an active layer) by a coating method in a state dissolved in a solvent has been studied.
- a polymer compound having only a thiophene skeleton has been proposed (Non-patent Document 1).
- the characteristics of the organic transistor mainly depend on the charge mobility in the organic semiconductor layer, and the higher the charge mobility, the better the field effect mobility of the organic transistor and the better the characteristics.
- the use of organic transistors has been diversified, and higher charge mobility is required than ever before.
- the conventional polymer compound as described above it tends to be difficult to obtain sufficient high mobility as recently required.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a polymer compound capable of obtaining high charge mobility.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a thin film and an ink composition containing the polymer compound, an organic transistor including the thin film, a planar light source including the organic transistor, and a display device.
- the present invention provides a polymer compound having a repeating unit represented by the formula (1).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and each have an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It is a condensed ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted and a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, arylalkylthio A group, a substituted silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a cyano group or a fluorine atom; ]
- the polymer compound of the present invention When the polymer compound of the present invention has the repeating unit represented by the formula (1), it can exhibit high charge mobility when applied as an organic semiconductor layer. Although the cause is not necessarily clear, a plurality of aromatic rings are condensed, and the structure of the condensed structure is highly symmetric, so that the main chains of the polymer compound are easy to overlap (easy to pack). From this, it is considered that high conjugation is obtained. In addition, since the polymer compound of the present invention has the specific repeating unit described above, it tends to be highly soluble in a solvent, and it is relatively easy to form an organic semiconductor layer by a coating method as a solution state. It is.
- At least one of Ar 1 and Ar 2 in the formula (1) is preferably a 5-membered heterocyclic ring.
- the repeating unit represented by Formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of the repeating unit represented by Formula (2), the repeating unit represented by Formula (3), and the repeating unit represented by Formula (4). It is preferred that it is at least one repeating unit. By having these repeating units as the repeating unit represented by the formula (1), a higher charge mobility can be obtained.
- [X 21 and X 22 in the formula (2), X 31 and X 32 in the formula (3), and X 41 and X 42 in the formula (4) are the same or different and each represents a chalcogen atom, and the formula (2) R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 and R 28 in formula (3), R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 and R 38 in formula (4), R 43 in formula (4), R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 and R 48 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group , Arylalkylthio group, substituted silyl group, unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, monovalent heterocyclic group optionally having substituent, cyano group Or a fluorine atom is
- X 21 and X 22 , X 31 and X 32 , and X 41 and X 42 in formula (4) are a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or an oxygen atom Is preferable, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom is more preferable, and a sulfur atom is particularly preferable. According to the polymer compound having such a structure, higher charge mobility can be obtained.
- the combination of R 23 and R 26 , the combination of R 24 and R 27, and the combination of R 25 and R 28 in the formula (2) is a combination of the same groups, and the formula (3)
- the combination of R 33 and R 36 , the combination of R 34 and R 37, and the combination of R 35 and R 38 are combinations of the same groups, and R 44 and R in the formula (4)
- the combination with 47 and the combination of R 45 and R 48 are each preferably a combination of the same groups. In this way, by making specific groups the same group, the polymer compound has a repeating unit with higher symmetry and becomes easy to pack, so that higher charge mobility can be obtained.
- More preferable structures include R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 and R 28 in formula (2), and R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 in formula (3) above.
- R 38 , and R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 and R 48 in the above formula (4) are hydrogen atoms. As a result, higher charge mobility can be obtained.
- the polymer compound of the present invention further has a repeating unit represented by the formula (5) in addition to the repeating unit represented by the formula (1).
- a repeating unit represented by the formula (5) By further including such a repeating unit, it is possible to obtain even better charge mobility.
- Y represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, a divalent group having a metal complex structure or an ethynylene group, each of which may have a substituent.
- two or more Y exists they may be the same or different.
- Y in the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) is a 5-membered bivalent heterocyclic group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a polycyclic divalent A hetero group is preferred. By doing so, even better charge mobility can be obtained.
- Y in the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) is preferably a group represented by the formula (6).
- T represents a divalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and n represents an integer of 2 to 8.
- a plurality of T may be the same or different.
- Y in the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) is preferably a group represented by the formula (7).
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are the same or different and each have an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It is a condensed ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted and a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.
- R 71 and R 72 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, arylalkylthio group, substituted silyl group, An unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a cyano group or a fluorine atom is shown. ]
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) preferably includes at least one kind of aromatic group having an electron accepting property (hereinafter referred to as “electron accepting group”).
- electron accepting group an electron accepting property
- the difference from the highest value of the molecular orbital energy level is 4.4 eV or less, particularly excellent charge mobility tends to be obtained.
- the present invention also provides a thin film containing the polymer compound of the present invention. Moreover, this invention provides an organic transistor provided with the organic-semiconductor layer which consists of this thin film. Since the thin film of the present invention contains the polymer compound of the present invention, it can exhibit high charge mobility. Therefore, the organic transistor of the present invention including the organic semiconductor layer made of such a thin film has high electric field effect mobility because the charge mobility of the organic semiconductor layer is high.
- the present invention also provides an ink composition containing the polymer compound of the present invention and a solvent.
- Such an ink composition is effective for forming an organic semiconductor layer or the like by a coating method because the polymer compound is uniformly dispersed or dissolved in a solvent.
- this invention provides the planar light source provided with the organic transistor of the said invention, and a display apparatus provided with the said organic transistor of this invention. Since these planar light sources and display devices include the organic transistor of the present invention that provides excellent field effect mobility, they can exhibit excellent characteristics.
- the present invention also includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic semiconductor layer provided between the anode and the cathode, and the organic semiconductor layer includes an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound, and the electron donating compound And a photoelectric conversion element in which at least one of the electron-accepting compounds is the polymer compound of the present invention, and a solar cell module and an image sensor including the photoelectric conversion element. These also exhibit excellent characteristics because the organic semiconductor layer has high charge mobility.
- the polymer compound of the present invention having the specific structure described above can obtain high charge mobility when used in an organic semiconductor layer, and can easily form such an organic semiconductor layer.
- an ink composition containing such a polymer compound and advantageous for forming a thin film, and a thin film having a high charge mobility, which is preferably obtained by such an ink composition. Can do.
- the present invention includes an organic semiconductor layer made of a thin film containing the polymer compound of the present invention, and has an organic transistor capable of obtaining excellent field-effect mobility, and has high characteristics.
- a planar light source and a display device can be provided.
- the organic transistor of the present invention includes a driving circuit for a liquid crystal display and electronic paper, a switch circuit for a curved or flat light source for illumination, a segment type display element, and a dot matrix flat panel. It is also useful for driving circuits such as displays.
- the polymer compound of the present invention can also be used as a material for an organic semiconductor layer of a photoelectric conversion element, and a photoelectric conversion element including such an organic semiconductor layer is useful as a solar cell module or an image sensor.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor according to a first embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor which concerns on 4th Embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor which concerns on 6th Embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor which concerns on 7th Embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the planar light source according to the embodiment. It is a schematic cross section of the organic transistor produced in the Example. It is a schematic cross section of the photoelectric conversion element which concerns on embodiment.
- “repeating unit” means a monomer unit forming a skeleton of a polymer compound, and is a structural unit present in at least one polymer compound.
- the “n-valent heterocyclic group” (n is 1 or 2) is formed by removing n hydrogen atoms from a heterocyclic compound (particularly a heterocyclic compound having aromaticity). , A group whose part forms a bond with another atom.
- a “heterocyclic compound” is an organic compound having a cyclic structure in which the elements constituting the ring are not only carbon atoms but also hetero atoms such as oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms, phosphorus atoms, boron atoms, and the like. An atom containing an atom in the ring.
- the polymer compound of the present invention has a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1).
- At least one of Ar 1 and Ar 2 in the formula (1) is preferably a heterocyclic ring, particularly a 5-membered heterocyclic ring.
- a heterocyclic ring particularly a 5-membered heterocyclic ring.
- the polymer compound of the present invention has at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of the repeating units represented by the above formulas (2), (3) and (4) as the repeating unit represented by the formula (1). It is preferable to have a unit.
- the polymer compound may be a homopolymer having only one of the formulas (2) to (4) as a repeating unit (ie, a homopolymer), and the repeating unit may be represented by the formula (2)
- a copolymer having a plurality of types of (4) or a combination of one type of formulas (2) to (4) and other types may also be used.
- X 21 and X 22 in Formula (2), X 31 and X 32 in Formula (3), and X 41 and X 42 in Formula (4) are the same or different and are chalcogen atoms.
- a chalcogen atom is an element belonging to Group 16 of the periodic table, and examples include an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, a tellurium atom, and a polonium atom. Since a high charge mobility can be obtained, the chalcogen atom is preferably a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or an oxygen atom. In consideration of the burden on the environment, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom are more preferable, and a sulfur atom is particularly preferable.
- R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 and R 28 in the formula (2) (hereinafter expressed as “R 23 to R 28 ”), R 33 to R 38 in the formula (3) And R 43 to R 48 in formula (4) are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, aryl
- An alkylthio group, a substituted silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a cyano group or a fluorine atom is shown.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably has 1 to 36 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 8 to 24 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2- Ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadodecyl, octadodecyl trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoro Examples include a hexyl group and a
- the alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably has 1 to 36 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, isopropyloxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy Group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, nonyloxy group, decyloxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy group, undecyloxy group, dodecyloxy group, tetradecyloxy group, hexadecyloxy group, octadecyloxy group, trifluoromethoxy group A pentafluoroethoxy group, a perfluorobutoxy group, a perfluorohexyl group, a perfluor
- An undecyloxy group, a dodecyloxy group, a tetradecyloxy group, a hexadecyloxy group, and an octadecyloxy group are preferable.
- the alkylthio group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and preferably has 1 to 36 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, isobutylthio, tert-butylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, heptylthio, octylthio, 2- Examples include ethylhexylthio group, nonylthio group, decylthio group, 3,7-dimethyloctylthio group, undecylthio group, dodecylthio group, tetradecylthio group, hexadecylthio group, octadecylthio group, and trifluoromethylthio group.
- hexylthio group, octylthio group, 2-ethylhexylthio group, decylthio group, 3,7-dimethyloctylthio group, undecylthio group Group, dodecylthio group, tetradecylthio group, hexadecylthio group and octadecylthio group are preferred.
- An aryl group is an atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon, having a condensed ring, or having two or more independent benzene rings or condensed rings bonded directly or via a vinylene group including.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 48, still more preferably 6 to 20, and particularly preferably 6 to 10. This carbon number does not include the carbon number of the substituent.
- the aryl group includes a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-anthracenyl group, a 2-anthracenyl group, a 9-anthracenyl group, a 1-tetracenyl group, a 2-tetracenyl group, a 5-tetracenyl group, 1- Pyrenyl group, 2-pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, 2-perylenyl group, 3-perylenyl group, 2-fluorenyl group, 3-fluorenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, 1-biphenylenyl group, 2-biphenylenyl group, 2- Phenanthrenyl group, 9-phenanthrenyl group, 6-chrysenyl group, 1-coronenyl group, 2-phenylphenyl group, 3-phenylphenyl group, 4-phenylphenyl group, 4- (anth
- the hydrogen atom in these groups is further an alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkyloxycarbonyl group, acyl group, N, N-dialkylamino group, N, N-diarylamino group, cyano group, nitro group, chlorine atom, fluorine atom Etc. may be substituted.
- the aryloxy group preferably has 6 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 48 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the aryloxy group include a phenoxy group, a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenoxy group (“C 1 -C 18 alkoxy” indicates that the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and the same applies hereinafter)
- a C 1 -C 18 alkylphenoxy group (“C 1 -C 18 alkyl” indicates that the alkyl moiety has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the same shall apply hereinafter), a 1-naphthyloxy group, 2-naphthyl Examples thereof include an oxy group and a pentafluorophenyloxy group.
- a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenoxy group and a C 1 -C 18 alkylphenoxy group are preferred because the balance between the solubility of the polymer compound in an organic solvent and the heat resistance becomes good.
- C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenoxy group examples include methoxyphenoxy group, ethoxyphenoxy group, propyloxyphenoxy group, isopropyloxyphenoxy group, butoxyphenoxy group, isobutoxyphenoxy group, tert-butoxyphenoxy group, pentyl Oxyphenoxy group, hexyloxyphenoxy group, cyclohexyloxyphenoxy group, heptyloxyphenoxy group, octyloxyphenoxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxyphenoxy group, nonyloxyphenoxy group, decyloxyphenoxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxyphenoxy group , Undecyloxyphenoxy group, dodecyloxyphenoxy group, tetradecyloxyphenoxy group, hexadecyloxyphenoxy group, octadecyloxyphene group Alkoxy groups.
- C 1 to C 18 alkylphenoxy group examples include methylphenoxy group, ethylphenoxy group, dimethylphenoxy group, propylphenoxy group, 1,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group, methylethylphenoxy group, isopropyl Phenoxy group, butylphenoxy group, isobutylphenoxy group, tert-butylphenoxy group, pentylphenoxy group, isoamylphenoxy group, hexylphenoxy group, heptylphenoxy group, octylphenoxy group, nonylphenoxy group, decylphenoxy group, undecylphenoxy group, Examples include dodecylphenoxy group, tetradecylphenoxy group, hexadecylphenoxy group, and octadecylphenoxy group.
- the arylthio group preferably has 3 to 60 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the arylthio group include a phenylthio group, a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenylthio group, a C 1 -C 18 alkylphenylthio group, a 1-naphthylthio group, a 2-naphthylthio group, and a pentafluorophenylthio group.
- a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenylthio group and a C 1 -C 18 alkylphenylthio group are preferred because the balance between the solubility of the polymer compound in an organic solvent and the heat resistance is improved.
- the arylalkyl group preferably has 7 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 48 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the arylalkyl group include a phenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 18 alkylphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkyl group, Examples thereof include 1 -naphthyl-C 1 -C 18 alkyl group and 2-naphthyl-C 1 -C 18 alkyl group.
- the arylalkoxy group preferably has 7 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 48 carbon atoms.
- arylalkoxy groups include phenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkoxy such as phenylmethoxy group, phenylethoxy group, phenylbutoxy group, phenylpentyloxy group, phenylhexyloxy group, phenylheptyloxy group, phenyloctyloxy group, etc.
- C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkoxy group C 1 -C 18 alkylphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkoxy group, 1-naphthyl-C 1 -C 18 alkoxy group, 2-naphthyl- And C 1 -C 18 alkoxy groups.
- a C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 18 alkylphenyl-C 1 - C18 alkoxy groups are preferred.
- the arylalkylthio group preferably has 7 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 48 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the arylalkylthio group include phenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkylthio group, C 1 -C 18 alkoxyphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkylthio group, C 1 -C 18 alkylphenyl-C 1 -C 18 alkylthio group, Examples thereof include a 1 -naphthyl-C 1 -C 18 alkylthio group and a 2-naphthyl-C 1 -C 18 alkylthio group.
- Examples of the substituted silyl group include a silyl group substituted with 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group and a monovalent heterocyclic group.
- the substituted silyl group preferably has 1 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 48 carbon atoms. Note that the alkyl group, aryl group, arylalkyl group, or monovalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- substituted silyl groups include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tripropylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, dimethylisopropylpropyl, diethylisopropylsilyl, tert-butylsilyldimethylsilyl, pentyldimethylsilyl, hexyldimethylsilyl.
- substituted carboxyl group examples include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group or a carboxyl group substituted with a monovalent heterocyclic group, preferably having 2 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 carbon atoms. 48.
- substituted carboxyl groups include methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, propoxycarbonyl group, isopropoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group, isobutoxycarbonyl group, tert-butoxycarbonyl group, pentyloxycarbonyl group, hexyloxycarbonyl group Cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group, heptyloxycarbonyl group, octyloxycarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl group, nonyloxycarbonyl group, decyloxycarbonyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxycarbonyl group, undecyloxycarbonyl group, Dodecyloxycarbonyl group, tetradecyloxycarbonyl group, hexadecyloxycarbonyl group, octadecyloxycarbonyl group, trifluoromethoxycarbonyl , Pentafluoro
- the monovalent heterocyclic group preferably has 4 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the monovalent heterocyclic group does not include the carbon number of the substituent.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, pyridyl group, piperidyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, pyrimidyl group, and triazinyl group.
- a thienyl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a triazinyl group are preferable, and a thienyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a triazinyl group are more preferable.
- the monovalent heterocyclic group may have a substituent such as an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.
- the substituents having the condensed ring structure in the formulas (1) to (4) It is preferable that the structure is axisymmetric with respect to any one axis or is replaced with a point-symmetric structure with respect to the center of gravity.
- the combination of R 23 and R 26 , the combination of R 24 and R 27, and the combination of R 25 and R 28 in formula (2) are combinations of the same groups.
- the combination of R 33 and R 36 , the combination of R 34 and R 37, and the combination of R 35 and R 38 are combinations of the same groups.
- the combination of R 44 and R 47 and the combination of R 45 and R 48 are preferably combinations of the same groups.
- the “combination of the same groups with each other” means that the groups are of the same type, for example, alkyl groups or alkoxy groups.
- the combination of the same groups is preferably the same when the substituent structure is the same, such as chain length or branching, because the packing of the polymer compound is improved.
- R 23 to R 28 in the formula (2), R 33 to R 38 in the formula (3), All of R 43 to R 48 in Formula (4) are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- the repeating units represented by the formulas (2), (3) and (4) are preferably the repeating units represented by the formulas (2a), (3a) and (4a), respectively. is there.
- X 21 , X 22 , X 31 , X 32 , X 41 and X 42 in the formulas (1a), (2a) and (4a) are the same as those in the above formulas (2), (3) and (4). It is synonymous with the group shown with the same code
- the polymer compound is a copolymer
- a suitable repeating unit to be combined with a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) preferably at least one repeating unit of the formulas (2) to (4)
- Y represents an arylene group, a divalent heterocyclic group, a divalent group having a metal complex structure, or an ethynylene group (a group represented by —C ⁇ C—), It may have a substituent.
- Y is preferably a copolymer in which the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) (in the case where there are a plurality of repeating units composed of a plurality of Y) together with the repeating unit represented by the formula (1)
- a ⁇ -conjugated system in which multiple bonds and single bonds are alternately repeated is formed by bonds between carbons or bonds between carbon and heteroatoms.
- Is a group selected to be Examples of such a ⁇ -conjugated system include structures shown within a dotted line in the following exemplary formula (E1).
- the arylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon, and includes those having an independent benzene ring or condensed ring.
- the arylene group preferably has 6 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 48 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- arylene group examples include unsubstituted or substituted phenylene groups such as 1,4-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group and 1,2-phenylene group; 1,4-naphthalenediyl group and 1,5-naphthalenediyl group 1,6-naphthalenediyl group such as 2,6-naphthalenediyl group; 1,4-anthracenediyl group, 1,5-anthracenediyl group, 2,6-anthracenediyl group, 9,10-anthracenediyl group Unsubstituted or substituted anthracenediyl groups such as 2,7-phenanthrenediyl group and the like; 1,7-naphthacenediyl group, 2,8-naphthacenediyl group, 5,12-naphthacenediyl group, etc.
- phenylene groups such as 1,4-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group and 1,2-phenylene group
- an unsubstituted or substituted phenylene group an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenediyl group is preferable, an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenediyl group is more preferable, and a substituted fluorenediyl group is preferably used. Particularly preferred.
- Examples of such an arylene group include groups represented by formulas (9a) to (9f).
- R 93 , R 94 and R 96 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent group, and R 95 is a halogen atom or a monovalent group. is there.
- U is an integer of 0 or more.
- Examples of the monovalent group include the same monovalent groups as those exemplified as R 23 to R 28 in Formula (2).
- the groups represented by the same reference numerals may be the same or different.
- R 93 , R 94 , R 95 and R 96 or groups represented by the same symbol are bonded to the same carbon atom or an adjacent carbon atom, this relationship is established.
- Some groups may be bonded together to form a ring.
- the ring formed in this case may be a single ring or a condensed ring, and may be a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring. Moreover, these rings may have a substituent.
- the ring to be formed is preferably a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring or a monocyclic heterocycle containing an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom as a hetero atom.
- the divalent heterocyclic group generally has 4 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 48, more preferably 4 to 30, still more preferably 4 to 22, and particularly preferably 4 carbon atoms. ⁇ 12, particularly preferably 4. This carbon number does not include the carbon number of the substituent.
- divalent heterocyclic group examples include an unsubstituted or substituted thiophenediyl group such as a 2,5-thiophenediyl group; an unsubstituted or substituted furandyl group such as a 2,5-furandiyl group; -Unsubstituted or substituted pyridinediyl group such as pyridinediyl group and 2,6-pyridinediyl group; unsubstituted or substituted quinolinediyl group such as 2,6-quinolinediyl group; 1,4-isoquinolinediyl group and 1,5 -Unsubstituted or substituted isoquinoline diyl group such as isoquinoline diyl group; unsubstituted or substituted quinoxaline diyl group such as 5,8-quinoxaline diyl group; and 4,7-benzo [1,2,5] thiadiazole diyl group Unsubstituted or substituted benzo [1,2,5] thiadiazoled
- Benzothiazolediyl group unsubstituted or substituted carbazolediyl group such as 2,7-carbazolediyl group and 3,6-carbazolediyl group; unsubstituted or substituted phenoxazinediyl group such as 3,7-phenoxazinediyl group
- An unsubstituted or substituted phenothiazinediyl group such as a 3,7-phenothiazinediyl group
- dibenzosiloldiyl group such as a 2,7-dibenzosiloldiyl group.
- the divalent heterocyclic group is preferably an unsubstituted or substituted thiophenediyl group such as a 2,5-thiophenediyl group; an unsubstituted or substituted furandyl group such as a 2,5-furandiyl group; An unsubstituted or substituted pyridinediyl group such as a 2,5-pyridinediyl group, a 2,6-pyridinediyl group; an unsubstituted or substituted quinolinediyl group such as a 2,6-quinolinediyl group; a 1,4-isoquinolinediyl group More preferred is an unsubstituted or substituted thiophenediyl group such as a 2,5-thiophenediyl group.
- Examples of such a divalent heterocyclic group include groups represented by formulas (11a) to (11p).
- R 115 , R 116 , R 117 , R 118 and v are R 93 , R 94 , R 95 , R 96 and u in the above formulas (9a) to (9f), respectively. It is synonymous with.
- Z is a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom, or a silicon atom.
- the divalent group having a metal complex structure is a group composed of the remaining atomic groups formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from an organic ligand of a metal complex having an organic ligand and a central metal.
- the metal complex include a low-molecular fluorescent material, a metal complex known as a phosphorescent material, a triplet light-emitting complex, and the like.
- the central metal of the metal complex include aluminum, zinc, beryllium, iridium, platinum, gold, europium, and terbium.
- the carbon number of the organic ligand is preferably 4 to 60.
- organic ligands include 8-quinolinol and its derivatives, benzoquinolinol and its derivatives, 2-phenyl-pyridine and its derivatives, 2-phenyl-benzothiazole and its derivatives, 2-phenyl-benzoxazole and its derivatives Derivatives, porphyrins and their derivatives, etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of the divalent group having such a metal complex structure include groups represented by formulas (100) to (106).
- R in the formulas (100) to (106) is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, arylalkylthio group, arylalkenyl group , Arylalkynyl group, amino group, substituted amino group, silyl group, substituted silyl group, halogen atom, acyl group, acyloxy group, imine residue, amide group, acid imide group, monovalent heterocyclic group, carboxyl group, non A substituted or substituted carboxyl group or a cyano group is represented.
- the carbon atom which these groups have may be substituted with the nitrogen atom, the oxygen atom, or the sulfur atom, and also the hydrogen atom may be substituted with the fluorine atom.
- a plurality of R may be the same or different.
- Y in the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) is particularly preferably a group represented by the formula (6).
- the polymer compound can exhibit higher charge mobility.
- T represents a divalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and n represents an integer of 2 to 8.
- a plurality of T may be the same or different.
- the repeating unit represented by formula (6) is more preferably a repeating unit represented by formula (6a).
- the polymer compound can exhibit higher charge mobility.
- R 61 , R 62 , R 63 and R 64 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylalkyl group, an arylalkoxy group, or a substituent.
- a silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a cyano group or a fluorine atom is shown.
- the groups represented by R 61 to R 64 are the same as the groups represented by R 23 to R 28 described above, but are preferably alkyl groups.
- Y in Formula (5) is preferable even if it is group represented by Formula (7).
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are the same or different and each have an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It is a condensed ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may be substituted and a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.
- R 71 and R 72 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, arylalkylthio group, substituted silyl group, An unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a cyano group or a fluorine atom is shown. ]
- the group represented by the formula (7) is more preferably a group represented by the formula (7a).
- R 73 and R 74 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, substituted silyl group, unsubstituted or A substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a cyano group or a fluorine atom is shown.
- R 73 and R 74 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl group, aryloxy group, arylalkyl group, arylalkoxy group, substituted silyl group, unsubstituted or A substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a cyano group or a fluorine atom is shown.
- R 71 to R 74 are the same as the groups represented by R 23 to R 28 described above.
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 are preferably a benzene ring which may have a substituent.
- the polymer compound may have a plurality of types in which the groups represented by Y in the formula are different from each other as the repeating unit represented by the formula (5).
- the groups represented by Y in the formula are different from each other as the repeating unit represented by the formula (5).
- an unsubstituted or substituted bithiophenediyl group represented by the formula (6) is used as the repeating unit represented by the formula (5).
- Group and a group represented by formula (7) may be combined.
- the polymer compound of the present invention has a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) (preferably the formulas (2) to (4)). And in a copolymer, when it is suitable as a repeating unit combined with the repeating unit represented by Formula (1), it has a repeating unit represented by Formula (5), when suitable.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) preferably includes at least one electron accepting group, and at least one of Y is an electron accepting group. It is more preferable.
- the electron acceptability in a predetermined group is estimated by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and the value of the energy level of this LUMO is calculated by quantum chemical calculation Gaussian.
- the density functional method is used as the calculation method
- B3LYP is used as the density functional
- 3-21G * is used as the basis function
- the program used is Gaussian 09 Rev.
- a case where the LUMO calculated as A02 is ⁇ 1.4 eV or less is called electron acceptability.
- the energy level value of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) calculated by the quantum chemical calculation Gaussian of the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and the electron accepting property in the formula (5) is preferably 4.4 eV or less.
- the polymer compound includes a plurality of types of repeating units represented by formula (1) and electron accepting groups, the lowest value among the HOMO energy level values calculated above and the LUMO It is preferable that the difference from the highest energy level value is 4.4 eV or less.
- Examples of such electron accepting groups include groups represented by formulas (12a) to (12j).
- R 123 , R 124 and R 126 have the same meanings as R 93 , R 94 and R 96 in formulas (9a) to (9f), respectively.
- At least one of Y in the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) is an electron accepting group represented by the formula (8).
- X 81 represents a chalcogen atom, —N (R 83 ) — or —CR 84 ⁇ CR 85 —.
- R 81 and R 82 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples of such substituents include methyl groups, ethyl groups, butyl groups, hexyl groups, octyl groups, dodecyl groups and other alkyl groups, methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, butoxy groups, hexyloxy groups, octyloxy groups, dodecyloxy groups.
- aryl groups such as phenyl and naphthyl.
- R 81 and R 82 may be connected to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- Examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (8) in which R 81 and R 82 are linked to form a cyclic structure include the following.
- R 86 and R 87 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituent represented by R 86 and R 87 include the same groups as the substituents represented by R 81 and R 82 described above.
- X 81 is preferably a sulfur atom.
- a repeating unit represented by the formula (8a) is particularly preferable.
- the value of the LUMO energy level calculated by the above quantum chemical calculation Gaussian in such a repeating unit is ⁇ 2.32 eV.
- N in the formulas (130) to (175) represents the number of repeating units (degree of polymerization), preferably 4 to 3000, and more preferably 6 to 850.
- the polymer compound is a copolymer
- good charge injection properties and solubility can be obtained, so that the formula (1) (preferably the formulas (2) to (4)) with respect to the total number of moles of all repeating units. Is preferably 20 to 80%, more preferably 30 to 70%, and still more preferably 40 to 60%.
- the polymer compound good main chain orientation can be obtained, so that the total number of moles of the repeating units represented by the formula (1) (preferably the formulas (2) to (4)) is reduced.
- the total number of moles of repeating units other than these is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, further preferably 1% or less, and particularly preferably 0.05% or less. preferable. If the orientation of the main chain is good, high packing becomes possible, so that a better charge mobility can be obtained.
- the polymer compound is a copolymer
- any copolymer may be used, such as a block copolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, or a graft copolymer.
- the structure of the polymer compound is represented by the formula (1) (preferably the formulas (2) to (4)). It is preferable to include a structure in which repeating units to be bonded and repeating units represented by the formula (5) are alternately bonded.
- the polymer compound has a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) (preferably any one of the repeating units represented by the formulas (2) to (4)). Any one of the repeating units represented by formulas (2) and (3), and the formula (5). It is more preferable that the repeating unit represented by
- the total number of repeating units constituting the “alternately bonded structure” It is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 99% or more, further preferably 99.5% or more, and particularly preferably 99.9% or more, based on the unit, on a molar basis.
- the polymer compound is a compound having a plurality of repeating units, and at least one of them is a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) (preferably any one of the formulas (2) to (4)). There is something.
- the polymer compound gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter, "GPC" hereinafter.)
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene by (Mn) is preferable to be 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 8, 1 ⁇ 10 4 More preferably, it is ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 6 .
- the polymer compound preferably has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 by GPC.
- the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 6. ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 is more preferable, and 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 is even more preferable.
- the terminal group is preferably a stable group.
- Such a terminal group is preferably one having a conjugated bond to the main chain, such as a structure bonded to an aryl group or a heterocyclic group via a carbon-carbon bond.
- substituents described in Chemical formula 10 of JP-A-9-45478 can be exemplified as terminal groups.
- Such a high molecular compound is useful as it is as a light emitting material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, or the like, but when used, it may be used in combination with other high molecular weight compounds. You may use as such a composition.
- the polymer compound can be produced, for example, by subjecting a raw material compound corresponding to the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) such as the compound represented by the formula (21) to condensation polymerization.
- a raw material compound corresponding to the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) such as the compound represented by the formula (21)
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) is a repeating unit represented by the formula (2), (3) or (4)
- a compound represented by formula (23), a compound represented by formula (24), and the like can be used.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (5) is introduced, it is preferable to use the raw material compound represented by the formula (25) in combination.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 21 , X 22 , X 31 , X 32 , X 41 , X 42 , R 23 to R 28 , R 33 to R 38 , R 43 to R 48 and n are the same as described above.
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 21 , Z 22 , Z 31 , Z 32 , Z 41 , Z 42 , Z 51 and Z 52 are the same or different polymerization active groups.
- the polymerization active group include a halogen atom, a sulfonate group represented by the formula (a-1), a methoxy group, a boric acid ester residue, a boric acid residue (a group represented by —B (OH) 2 ), And a group represented by the formula (a-2), a group represented by the formula (a-3), and a group represented by the formula (a-4).
- groups represented by the same reference numerals may be the same or different from each other.
- R T represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent, and X A represents a halogen atom.
- Show. Equation (1-4) plurality of R T in may each be the same or different.
- Examples of the alkyl group and aryl group represented by R T include the same groups as those exemplified as R 23 to R 28 in the above formula (2).
- As the halogen atom represented by X A a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom.
- the halogen atom is preferably a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- the sulfonate group represented by the formula (a-1) include a methane sulfonate group, a trifluoromethane sulfonate group, a phenyl sulfonate group, and a 4-methylphenyl sulfonate group.
- boric acid ester residue examples are represented by the formula (a-5), (a-6), (a-7), (a-8), (a-9) or (a-10). Groups.
- examples of the group represented by the formula (a-4) include a trimethylstannanyl group, a triethylstannanyl group, and a tributylstannanyl group.
- the polymerization active group since the synthesis of the raw material compounds represented by these formulas is simple and easy to handle, halogen atoms, boric acid ester residues, boric acid residues It is preferably a group.
- the raw material compounds represented by the formulas (21) to (25) those synthesized and isolated in advance may be used, or those prepared in the reaction system may be used as they are.
- Examples of the method for subjecting the raw material compound to condensation polymerization include a method in which the raw material compound is reacted using an appropriate catalyst or an appropriate base as necessary.
- the catalyst include palladium [tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)], [tris (dibenzylideneacetone)] dipalladium, palladium complexes such as palladium acetate, nickel [tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)], [1,3-bis And transition metal complexes such as (diphenylphosphino) propane] dichloronickel and nickel complexes such as [bis (1,4-cyclooctadiene)] nickel.
- transition metal complexes may be further combined with a ligand such as triphenylphosphine, tri (tert-butylphosphine), tricyclohexylphosphine, diphenylphosphinopropane, bipyridyl, etc. as a catalyst.
- a ligand such as triphenylphosphine, tri (tert-butylphosphine), tricyclohexylphosphine, diphenylphosphinopropane, bipyridyl, etc.
- a catalyst synthesized in advance may be used, or a catalyst prepared in a reaction system may be used as it is.
- a catalyst may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- a catalyst When a catalyst is used, it is preferably 0.00001 to 3 molar equivalents, more preferably 0.00005 to 0.5 molar equivalents, and further 0.0001 to 0.2 molar equivalents relative to the total number of moles of raw material compounds. preferable.
- Examples of the base that promotes the condensation reaction include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, and tripotassium phosphate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, and bromide.
- examples include organic bases such as tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
- the amount thereof is preferably 0.5 to 20 molar equivalents and more preferably 1 to 10 molar equivalents relative to the total number of moles of the raw material compounds.
- the condensation polymerization may be performed in the absence of a solvent or in the presence of a solvent, but is preferably performed in the presence of an organic solvent.
- organic solvent for example, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide can be used, although it varies depending on the type of raw material compound and reaction. . Since side reactions can be suppressed, it is desirable to use an organic solvent that has been subjected to deoxygenation treatment. These organic solvents may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the amount used is preferably such that the total concentration of the raw material compounds is 0.1 to 90% by weight, more preferably 1 to 50% by weight. More preferably, the amount is 30% by weight.
- the reaction temperature for the condensation polymerization is preferably ⁇ 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. to 150 ° C., and further preferably 0 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- a suitable reaction time is 1 hour or more, more preferably 2 to 500 hours, although it depends on conditions such as reaction temperature.
- condensation polymerization examples include a method of polymerizing by a Suzuki reaction (Chem. Rev., Vol. 95, p. 2457 (1995)), a method of polymerizing by a Grignard reaction (Kyoritsu Shuppan, series of functional polymer materials) Volume 2, Polymer Synthesis and Reaction (2), pages 432 to 433), Method of Polymerization by Yamamoto Polymerization Method (Progressive Polymer Science (Prog. Polym. Sci.), Volume 17, pages 1153-1205, 1992 Year).
- a known post-treatment can be performed after the condensation polymerization.
- a method may be mentioned in which a reaction solution obtained by condensation polymerization is added to a lower alcohol such as methanol and the resulting precipitate is filtered and dried.
- the polymer compound of the present invention can be obtained.
- the purity of the polymer compound is low, it can be purified by usual methods such as recrystallization, continuous extraction with a Soxhlet extractor, column chromatography and the like. That's fine.
- the raw material compound represented by the formula (21) (preferably any one of the raw material compounds represented by the formulas (22) to (24)) and the raw material compound represented by the formula (25)
- the polymer compound preferably copolymerized
- the polymer compound preferably has a repeating unit consisting of the former raw material compound and a repeating unit consisting of the latter raw material compound alternately. is there.
- a compound in which the polymerization active group in the formula (21) (preferably the formulas (22) to (24)) is a halogen atom, and the polymerization active group in the formula (25) are boric acid residues or boric acid ester residues.
- a method of polymerizing a combination with a compound in which the polymerization active group is a halogen atom in the polymerization method using Suzuki polymerization is preferred.
- composition The above-described polymer compound of the present invention can be used as a light-emitting material or a charge transport material as a composition containing a combination of other components.
- a composition include those containing a polymer compound and at least one material selected from the group consisting of a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a light emitting material.
- suitable hole transport materials and electron transport materials those exemplified in the description of the thin film described later can be applied.
- the content ratio of the polymer compound and at least one material selected from the group consisting of a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a light emitting material may be determined according to the use of the composition.
- the polymer compound is preferably 20 to 99 parts by weight and more preferably 40 to 95 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total composition.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene by GPC of the composition containing the polymer compound is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 and more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 6. preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 8 , good film formability can be obtained, and high efficiency can be obtained when used for device fabrication. Therefore, it is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 6 .
- the average molecular weight of the composition containing the polymer compound refers to a value obtained by analyzing this composition by GPC.
- the composition of the present embodiment can also be a solution containing a solvent such as an organic solvent (hereinafter referred to as “ink composition”), as will be described later.
- a solvent such as an organic solvent
- a suitable form of the ink composition will be described.
- the ink composition containing the polymer compound of the present invention contains a polymer compound and a solvent.
- the ink composition may contain a composition containing the polymer compound as described above and a solvent.
- This ink composition is mainly in the form of a solution and is useful for forming a thin film by a printing method or the like.
- Components other than the polymer compound and solvent contained in the ink composition include hole transport materials, electron transport materials, light emitting materials, stabilizers, thickeners (high molecular weight compounds and poor solvents for increasing viscosity), viscosity A low molecular weight compound for lowering the pH, a surfactant (for lowering the surface tension), an antioxidant and the like.
- the ink composition may contain only one kind of the polymer compound of the present invention, or may contain two or more kinds in combination. Further, it may contain a high molecular weight compound other than the polymer compound of the present invention as long as the characteristics are not impaired when used for the production of an element.
- the ratio of the polymer compound of the present invention in the ink composition is preferably 1 to 99.9 parts by weight and more preferably 60 to 99.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the ink composition. 80 to 99.0 parts by weight is even more preferable.
- the coating method can be performed satisfactorily, and a thin film or the like that can exhibit the excellent characteristics of the polymer compound can be easily formed.
- the viscosity of the ink composition may be adjusted depending on the type of printing method to be used.For example, when the ink composition such as an ink jet printing method is applied to a method that passes through a discharge device, clogging or flight bending at the time of discharge is caused. In order to prevent this, it is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- the solvent used in the ink composition is preferably one that can dissolve or uniformly disperse the solid components in the ink composition.
- Solvents include chloro solvents such as chloroform, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, anisole, toluene, xylene, etc.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane and other aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone, benzophenone and acetophenone, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, methyl benzoate and phenyl acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol Polyethyl alcohol and its derivatives such as monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, propylene glycol, diethoxymethane, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, g
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents since the solubility, viscosity characteristics, and uniformity during film formation of polymer compounds and the like are improved, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, ester solvents, Ketone solvents are preferred.
- the solvent film formability and device characteristics are improved, so that two or more types are preferably used in combination, more preferably two to three types are used in combination, and two types are particularly preferably used in combination. .
- one of the solvents When combining two types of solvents, one of the solvents may be in a solid state at 25 ° C.
- the boiling point of at least one kind of solvent is preferably 180 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- both of the two types of solvents are those capable of dissolving 1% by weight or more of the aromatic polymer at 60 ° C., and in particular, one of the two types of solvents.
- the type of solvent is preferably one that dissolves 1% by weight or more of the aromatic polymer at 25 ° C.
- the solvent having the highest boiling point among the combined solvents should be 40 to 90% by weight of the total solvent weight. It is preferably 50 to 90% by weight, more preferably 65 to 85% by weight.
- the ink composition contains a high molecular weight compound as a thickener
- this compound is soluble in the same solvent as the polymer compound of the present invention, and does not inhibit light emission or charge transport when a device is formed.
- thickeners include high molecular weight polystyrene and high molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate. These high molecular weight compounds preferably have a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more, more preferably 1,000,000 or more.
- the poor solvent with respect to solid content in the component of an ink composition can also be used.
- the viscosity can be increased moderately by adding a small amount of such a poor solvent.
- the type and amount of the solvent may be selected as long as the solid content in the ink composition does not precipitate.
- the amount of the poor solvent is preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 30 parts by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the entire ink composition. .
- the antioxidant is for improving the storage stability of the ink composition.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited as long as it is soluble in the same solvent as the polymer compound of the present invention and does not inhibit light emission or charge transport when a device is formed.
- a phenolic antioxidant or a phosphorus antioxidant Is exemplified.
- the ink composition may contain water, metal or a salt thereof in the range of 1 to 1000 ppm on a weight basis.
- the metal include lithium, sodium, calcium, potassium, iron, copper, nickel, aluminum, zinc, chromium, manganese, cobalt, platinum, and iridium.
- the ink composition may contain silicon, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and the like in a range of 1 to 1000 ppm on a weight basis.
- the thin film containing the polymer compound of the present invention can be applied as, for example, a light-emitting thin film, a conductive thin film, or an organic semiconductor thin film.
- the thin film is a light-emitting thin film
- high luminance and light emission voltage can be obtained, so that the quantum yield of light emission is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and 60% or more. Is more preferable, and 70% or more is particularly preferable.
- the surface resistance is preferably 1 k ⁇ / ⁇ or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the conductive thin film is doped with a Lewis acid, an ionic compound, or the like, higher electrical conductivity can be obtained.
- the larger one of the electron mobility and the hole mobility is preferably 10 ⁇ 5 cm 2 / Vs or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ 3 cm 2 / Vs or more. Preferably, it is more preferably 10 ⁇ 1 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- An organic transistor as described later can be formed using such an organic semiconductor thin film.
- the thickness is preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 3 nm to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the organic semiconductor thin film may contain one kind of the polymer compound of the present invention alone, or may contain two or more kinds in combination.
- a low molecular compound or polymer compound having electron transport property or hole transport property other than the polymer compound may be mixed.
- hole transport material known materials can be used, such as pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triaryldiamine derivatives, oligothiophenes and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilanes and derivatives thereof, side chains or main chains.
- pyrazoline derivatives such as pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triaryldiamine derivatives, oligothiophenes and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilanes and derivatives thereof, side chains or main chains.
- examples thereof include polysiloxane derivatives having an aromatic amine, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyarylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof.
- known materials can be used, such as oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, 8-hydroxyquinoline and metal complexes of derivatives thereof, polyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and a derivative thereof, and fullerenes such as C 60 And derivatives thereof.
- the thin film of this embodiment may contain the charge generation material in order to generate an electric charge with the light absorbed by the said thin film depending on a use.
- the charge generation material known materials can be used, azo compounds and derivatives thereof, diazo compounds and derivatives thereof, metal-free phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof, metal phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof, perylene compounds and derivatives thereof, polycyclic quinone series compounds and their derivatives, squarylium compounds and their derivatives, azulenium compounds and their derivatives, thiapyrylium compounds and their derivatives, fullerenes and derivatives thereof such as C 60 is illustrated.
- the thin film of this embodiment may contain other materials necessary for expressing various functions.
- examples of such materials include sensitizers for sensitizing the function of generating charges by absorbed light, stabilizers for increasing stability, and UV absorbers for absorbing UV light.
- a polymer compound other than the polymer compound of the present invention may be included as a polymer binder.
- the polymer binder those not extremely disturbing the electron transport property or hole transport property are preferable, and those having no strong absorption against visible light are preferably used.
- Such polymer binders include poly (N-vinylcarbazole), polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof, poly (2,5-thienylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof.
- Examples include derivatives, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polysiloxane.
- Examples of the method for producing a thin film of the present embodiment include a method of using the polymer compound of the present invention as it is, or a method of forming a film using the above-described composition (for example, an ink composition).
- a thin film can be formed by vacuum deposition.
- Thin film formation methods include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, screen printing, flexographic printing.
- Method, offset printing method, inkjet printing method, capillary coating method, nozzle coating method, dispenser printing method, etc., screen printing method, flexographic printing method, offset printing method, inkjet printing method, dispenser printing method are preferable, flexographic printing method A printing method, an inkjet method, and a dispenser printing method are more preferable.
- a solution for example, an ink composition
- a solvent to be used in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention, components to be mixed (electron transport material, hole transport material, polymer binder, etc.) are dissolved. It is preferable to use those to be used.
- those used in the ink composition described above can be applied, and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, etc.
- unsaturated hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, etc.
- Solvent halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene And halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, and ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran.
- the polymer compound of the present invention depends on its structure and molecular weight, it can often be dissolved in these solvents in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more.
- the glass transition temperature of the polymer compound of the present invention contained in this solution tends to be high, and thus it can be baked at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher during the film formation process. In addition, even when baked at a temperature of 130 ° C., the characteristics are less likely to be deteriorated when used for device fabrication, so that a thin film can be easily formed. Furthermore, depending on the type of the polymer compound, baking may be performed at a temperature of 160 ° C. or higher.
- the process of orientating a high molecular compound may be included in the manufacturing process.
- the main chain molecules or the side chain molecules are arranged in one direction, and therefore the charge mobility is further increased.
- a method of aligning the polymer compound a method known as a liquid crystal alignment method can be used.
- the rubbing method, the photo-alignment method, the sharing method (shear stress application method) and the pulling coating method are simple, useful and easy to use as the alignment method, and the rubbing method and the sharing method are preferable.
- a thin film for example, an organic semiconductor thin film
- the polymer compound of the present invention has a charge transport property, it can transport and control electrons or holes injected from an electrode or a charge generated by light absorption. It can be used for various organic thin film elements such as organic transistors, solar cell modules, and optical sensors.
- suitable examples of the organic thin film element will be described.
- Organic transistor First, a preferred embodiment of an organic transistor including an organic semiconductor layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention will be described.
- An organic transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer containing the polymer compound as a current path between them, and a gate electrode that controls the amount of current passing through the current path.
- An electric induction type is exemplified.
- a field-effect organic transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer serving as a current path between them, a gate electrode that controls the amount of current passing through the current path, and a gap between the organic semiconductor layer and the gate electrode. It is preferable to provide an insulating layer to be disposed.
- the source electrode and the drain electrode are preferably provided in contact with the organic semiconductor layer, and the gate electrode is preferably provided with an insulating layer in contact with the organic semiconductor layer interposed therebetween.
- the static induction organic transistor has a source electrode and a drain electrode, an organic semiconductor layer serving as a current path between them, and a gate electrode for controlling the amount of current passing through the current path, and the gate electrode is in the organic semiconductor layer.
- the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the gate electrode provided in the organic semiconductor layer are preferably provided in contact with the organic semiconductor layer.
- the structure of the gate electrode may be a structure in which a current path flowing from the source electrode to the drain electrode is formed and the amount of current flowing through the current path can be controlled by a voltage applied to the gate electrode. An electrode is mentioned.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to the first embodiment.
- the organic transistor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the substrate 1, the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 formed on the substrate 1 with a predetermined interval, and the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- a gate electrode 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to the first embodiment.
- the organic transistor 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the substrate 1, the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 formed on the substrate 1 with a predetermined interval, and the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- Formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover the region of the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2,
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to the second embodiment.
- An organic transistor 110 shown in FIG. 2 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the source electrode 5, The drain electrode 6 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 with a predetermined interval, the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 and the drain electrode 6, and the insulation between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 And a gate electrode 4 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to cover the region of the layer 3.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to a third embodiment.
- 3 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to a fourth embodiment.
- An organic transistor 130 shown in FIG. 4 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 at the bottom.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (static induction organic transistor) according to a fifth embodiment.
- the organic transistor 140 shown in FIG. 5 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the source electrode 5, and a plurality of organic transistors 140 with a predetermined interval on the organic semiconductor layer 2.
- a drain electrode 6 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2a is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (static induction organic transistor) according to a fifth embodiment.
- the organic transistor 140 shown in FIG. 5 includes a substrate 1, a source electrode 5 formed on the substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the source electrode 5, and a plurality of organic transistors 140 with a predetermined interval on the organic semiconductor layer 2.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to a sixth embodiment.
- An organic transistor 150 shown in FIG. 6 includes a substrate 1, an organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the substrate 1, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 with a predetermined interval, and a source electrode. 5 and the drain electrode 6 so as to partially cover the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2, the region of the insulating layer 3 where the source electrode 5 is formed below, and the drain electrode 6 are formed below.
- a gate electrode 4 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to partially cover the region of the insulating layer 3.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic transistor (field effect organic transistor) according to a seventh embodiment.
- the organic transistor 160 shown in FIG. 7 includes a substrate 1, a gate electrode 4 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 1 so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and the gate electrode 4 below.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 formed so as to cover the region of the insulating layer 3 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 and the organic semiconductor layer 2 so as to partially cover the region of the organic semiconductor layer 2 where the gate electrode 4 is formed below.
- the drain formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 with a predetermined distance from the source electrode 5 so as to partially cover the region of the organic semiconductor layer 2 on which the source electrode 5 and the gate electrode 4 are formed below.
- the electrode 6 is provided.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 and / or the organic semiconductor layer 2a serve as a current path (channel) between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6.
- the gate electrode 4 controls the amount of current passing through the current path (channel) in the organic semiconductor layer 2 and / or the organic semiconductor layer 2a by applying a voltage.
- a field effect organic transistor can be produced by a known method, for example, a method described in JP-A-5-110069.
- the electrostatic induction organic transistor can be manufactured by a known method, for example, a method described in JP-A-2004-006476.
- the substrate 1 does not have to obstruct the characteristics as an organic transistor, and a glass substrate, a flexible film substrate, or a plastic substrate can also be used.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 is comprised from the thin film (for example, organic-semiconductor thin film) containing the polymer compound of this invention mentioned above.
- This organic semiconductor layer 2 may be composed of only this polymer compound, or may be composed of materials other than the polymer compound. Moreover, only 1 type of the high molecular compound of this invention may be included, and 2 or more types may be included.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 may further contain an electron transport material and / or a hole transport material in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention in order to enhance the electron transport property or the hole transport property.
- As the hole transport material and the electron transport material those which can be contained in the above-described thin film can be applied.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 may contain a polymer binder in order to obtain high mechanical properties. As the polymer binder, those which can be contained in the above-described thin film can be applied.
- the thickness of the organic semiconductor layer 2 is preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 3 nm to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 can be formed by applying the thin film forming method as described above. That is, in the manufacture of an organic transistor, a thin film (organic semiconductor thin film) is formed on the surface on which the organic semiconductor layer 2 is to be formed (for example, the substrate 1 or the insulating layer 3) by the above-described thin film forming method, thereby The semiconductor layer 2 is formed. Moreover, when forming the organic-semiconductor layer 2, when the process of orienting the high molecular compound contained in a thin film is performed, since the mobility of an electric charge improves, it is preferable.
- any material having high electrical insulation may be used, and a known material can be used.
- the constituent material of the insulating layer 3 include SiOx, SiNx, Ta 2 O 5 , polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phenol, organic glass, and photoresist. Since the voltage can be lowered, it is preferable to use a material having a high dielectric constant for the insulating layer 3.
- the surface of the insulating layer 3 is treated with a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent in order to improve the interface characteristics between the insulating layer 3 and the organic semiconductor layer 2. It is also possible to form the organic semiconductor layer 2 after the surface modification.
- a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent
- silane coupling agents include alkylchlorosilanes (octyltrichlorosilane (OTS), octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS), phenylethyltrichlorosilane, etc.), alkylalkoxysilanes, fluorinated alkylchlorosilanes, fluorinated alkylalkoxysilanes, Examples thereof include silylamine compounds such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS).
- HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
- the surface of the insulating layer 3 can be treated with ozone UV or O 2 plasma before the treatment with the surface treatment agent.
- the surface energy of the silicon oxide film or the like used as the insulating layer 3 can be controlled. Further, the surface treatment improves the orientation of the polymer compound constituting the organic semiconductor layer 2 on the insulating layer 3, thereby obtaining high charge mobility.
- the gate electrode 4 examples include metals such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, molybdenum, low resistance polysilicon, and low resistance amorphous silicon, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium / tin oxide.
- a material such as (ITO) can be used. These materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a highly doped silicon substrate can be used as the gate electrode 4.
- a highly doped silicon substrate has not only a property as a gate electrode but also a property as a substrate.
- the substrate 1 may be omitted in the organic transistor in which the substrate 1 and the gate electrode 4 are in contact with each other.
- the gate electrode 4 can also serve as the substrate 1.
- the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 are made of a low resistance material, for example, gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, or molybdenum.
- a low resistance material for example, gold, platinum, silver, copper, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, or molybdenum.
- gold and platinum are preferable because the charge injection property is improved, and gold is more preferable because it is excellent in process ease.
- These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an organic transistor is not limited to said embodiment.
- a layer made of a compound different from the above-described polymer compound of the present invention may be interposed between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 and the organic semiconductor layer 2. Thereby, the contact resistance between the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 and the organic semiconductor layer 2 is reduced, and the carrier mobility of the organic transistor may be further increased.
- Such layers include low molecular compounds having electron or hole transport properties as described above; alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, complexes of these metals with organic compounds, etc .; iodine, bromine, chlorine, Halogens such as iodine chloride; sulfur oxide compounds such as sulfuric acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfur dioxide, and sulfates; nitric oxide compounds such as nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrates; halogenated compounds such as perchloric acid and hypochlorous acid; alkylthiols Examples thereof include a layer made of an aromatic thiol compound such as a compound, an aromatic thiol, and a fluorinated alkyl aromatic thiol.
- the organic transistor after manufacturing the organic transistor as described above, it is preferable to form a protective film on the organic transistor in order to protect the element. Thereby, an organic transistor is interrupted
- Examples of the method for forming the protective film include a method of covering the organic transistor with a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, an inorganic SiONx film, or the like.
- a UV curable resin for example, a UV curable resin
- a thermosetting resin for example, a thermosetting resin
- an inorganic SiONx film for example, a thermosetting resin
- the planar light source and the display device include at least two organic transistors, that is, a driving transistor and a switching transistor.
- the planar light source and display device of the present embodiment uses the above-described organic transistor of the present invention as at least one of the organic transistors.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a planar light source according to a preferred embodiment.
- An organic transistor T is configured by the organic semiconductor layer 2 formed on the insulating layer 3 so as to partially cover the organic semiconductor layer 2 and the protective film 11 formed on the organic semiconductor layer 2 so as to cover the entire organic semiconductor layer 2. Yes.
- a lower electrode (anode) 13, a light emitting element 14, and an upper electrode (cathode) 15 are sequentially stacked on the organic transistor T via the interlayer insulating film 12.
- the lower electrode 13 and the drain electrode 6 are electrically connected through a via hole provided in 12.
- a bank portion 16 is provided around the lower electrode 13 and the light emitting element 14.
- a substrate 18 is disposed above the upper electrode 15, and a gap between the upper electrode 15 and the substrate 18 is sealed with a sealing member 17.
- the organic transistor T functions as a drive transistor. Further, in the planar light source 200 shown in FIG. 8, the switching transistor is omitted.
- the organic transistor of the present invention described above is used as the organic transistor T.
- the structural member in a well-known planar light source can be used.
- substrate 18, a transparent thing is used.
- planar light source 200 shown in FIG. 8 functions as a planar light source by using a white light emitting material for the light emitting element 14, but uses a red light emitting material, a blue light emitting material, and a green light emitting material for the light emitting element 14. By controlling the driving of each light emitting element, a color display device can be obtained.
- a method of installing a mask provided with a patterned window on the surface of the planar light emitting element, non-light emission of a light emitting layer constituting the light emitting element There are a method of forming a portion to be extremely thick and making substantially no light emission, and a method of forming an anode or a cathode, or both electrodes in a pattern.
- both the anode and the cathode may be formed in stripes and arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other. Partial color display and multicolor display are possible by a method of separately coating a plurality of types of light emitting materials having different emission colors or a method using a color filter or a fluorescence conversion filter.
- the dot matrix element can be passively driven or can be actively driven in combination with a TFT or the like. These display elements can be used as display devices for computers, televisions, mobile terminals, mobile phones, car navigation systems, video camera viewfinders, and the like.
- the polymer compound of the present invention is also useful as an organic semiconductor layer for a photoelectric conversion element.
- a pair of electrodes at least one of which is transparent or translucent, an electron donating compound (p-type organic semiconductor) and an electron-accepting compound (n-type organic semiconductor, etc.) Examples include a bulk hetero organic semiconductor layer or a p / n stacked organic semiconductor layer formed from an organic composition.
- the polymer compound of the present invention described above is contained in these organic semiconductor layers as at least one of an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound.
- the photoelectric conversion element having such a configuration light energy incident from a transparent or translucent electrode is absorbed by the electron-accepting compound and / or the electron-donating compound, and electrons and holes are coulomb-bonded. Generate excitons. When the excitons generated thereby move and reach the heterojunction interface where the electron accepting compound and the electron donating compound are adjacent to each other, the value of each HOMO energy level and the LUMO energy level at the interface Electrons and holes are separated by the difference in the values of, and a charge that can move independently is generated. Then, each generated charge moves to each electrode, and can be taken out as electric energy (current) to the outside. Since the photoelectric conversion element having the organic semiconductor layer containing the polymer compound of the present invention described above has high mobility of the polymer compound, excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a photoelectric conversion element according to a preferred embodiment.
- a photoelectric conversion element 300 shown in FIG. 10 is formed on the substrate 1, the anode 7a formed on the substrate 1, the organic semiconductor layer 2 made of an organic thin film formed on the anode 7a, and the organic semiconductor layer 2.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 includes an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound, and at least one of them is the above-described polymer compound of the present invention.
- anode 7a the organic semiconductor layer 2, and the electron-donating compound and electron-accepting compound, the cathode 7b, and other components formed as necessary, which constitute the photoelectric conversion element 300, will be described in detail. To do.
- the photoelectric conversion element usually has a configuration in which each layer is formed on a substrate.
- the substrate 1 may be any substrate that can form electrodes and does not change chemically when forming an organic layer. Examples of the material of the substrate 1 include glass, plastic, polymer film, silicon, and the like.
- the opposite electrode that is, the electrode far from the substrate
- At least one of the electrodes is made of a transparent or translucent electrode material.
- the transparent or translucent electrode material include a conductive metal oxide film and a translucent metal thin film. Specifically, it is manufactured using indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and NESA that are composites thereof. A film, gold, platinum, silver, copper or the like is used. Of these, ITO, indium / zinc / oxide, and tin oxide are preferable.
- the other may not be transparent.
- a metal, a conductive polymer, or the like can be used as a material for such an electrode.
- the electrode material include metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, and the like. And one or more alloys selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and tin.
- Examples include alloys with metals, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, and polythiophene and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the alloy include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, and calcium-aluminum alloy.
- Examples of methods for producing these electrodes include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, and a plating method.
- the transparent or translucent electrode may be an anode or a cathode.
- the organic semiconductor layer included in the photoelectric conversion element includes the above-described polymer compound of the present invention as at least one of an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound.
- the electron-donating compound and the electron-accepting compound are relatively determined from the value of the HOMO energy level or the value of the LUMO energy level of these compounds.
- the electron donating compound the polymer compound of the present invention, and other low molecular compounds and polymer compounds can be applied.
- the electron donating compound other than the polymer compound of the present invention include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, side Polysiloxane derivatives having aromatic amines in the chain or main chain, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polymer compounds having thiophene as a partial skeleton, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene and And derivatives thereof.
- the electron donating compound the above-described polymer compound of the present invention is particularly suitable.
- Examples of the electron-donating compound other than the polymer compound of the present invention include polythiophene (including polythiophene and derivatives thereof) which may have a substituent, a structure containing a dimer or pentamer of thiophene, or a derivative of thiophene.
- a polymer compound having a structure containing a ⁇ 5-mer and a polymer compound having thiophene as a partial skeleton are preferable. Of these, polythiophene and its derivatives are more preferable.
- the polythiophene derivative refers to a polymer compound having a thiophenediyl group having a substituent.
- Polythiophene and its derivatives are preferably homopolymers.
- the homopolymer means a polymer in which only a plurality of groups selected from the group consisting of a thiophenediyl group and a substituted thiophenediyl group are bonded.
- the thiophene diyl group is preferably a thiophene-2,5-diyl group, and the thiophene diyl group having a substituent is preferably an alkylthiophene-2, 5-diyl group.
- homopolymer polythiophene and derivatives thereof include poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), poly (3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly (3-dodecyl) Thiophene-2,5-diyl) and poly (3-octadecylthiophene-2,5-diyl).
- P3HT poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
- poly3HT poly (3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl)
- poly (3-dodecyl) Thiophene-2,5-diyl) poly (3-octadecylthiophene-2,5-diyl
- polythiophenes and derivatives thereof that are homopolymers polythiophene homopolymers composed of thiophene diyl groups substituted with alkyl groups having 6 to
- n the number of repetitions.
- R 111 and R 112 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a plurality of R 111 and R 112 may be the same or different.
- the substituent represented by R 111 and R 112 an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the polymer compound represented by the formula (11) is preferably a polymer compound in which R 111 is an alkyl group and R 112 is a hydrogen atom.
- Such a polymer compound is represented by the formula (11-1).
- the electron-accepting compound in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention described above, for example, oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone and derivatives thereof Tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof derivatives, fullerene and derivatives thereof such as C 60, phenanthrene derivatives such as bathocuproin, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, and carbon nanotube.
- oxadiazole derivatives anthraquinodimethane and derivatives thereof, benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone
- the electron-accepting compound preferably, in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention, a compound having a benzothiadiazole structure, a polymer compound having a benzothiadiazole structure in a repeating unit, a compound having a quinoxaline structure, and a quinoxaline structure in a repeating unit.
- a compound having a benzothiadiazole structure preferably, in addition to the polymer compound of the present invention, a compound having a benzothiadiazole structure, a polymer compound having a benzothiadiazole structure in a repeating unit, a compound having a quinoxaline structure, and a quinoxaline structure in a repeating unit.
- examples thereof include high molecular compounds, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and fullerene derivatives.
- fullerenes, fullerene derivatives, compounds containing a benzothiadiazole structure, polymer compounds containing a benzothiadiazole structure in a repeating unit, compounds containing a quinoxaline structure, and a polymer compound containing a quinoxaline structure in a repeating unit More preferably, it is a compound containing a benzothiadiazole structure, a polymer compound containing a benzothiadiazole structure in a repeating unit, a compound containing a quinoxaline structure, a polymer compound containing a quinoxaline structure in a repeating unit, and particularly preferably a benzothiadiazole structure containing a benzothiadiazole structure.
- Examples of the polymer compound having a benzothiadiazole structure in the repeating unit include the polymer compound represented by the formula (11) exemplified as the electron donating compound, and represented by the formula (11-1). High molecular compounds are preferred. That is, depending on the combination with the compound applied as the electron donating compound, the polymer compound represented by the formula (11) can be applied as the electron accepting compound.
- examples of an n-type semiconductor suitable as an electron-accepting compound include fullerene and fullerene derivatives.
- the fullerene derivative refers to a compound in which at least a part of fullerene is modified.
- Examples of fullerene, C 60 fullerene, C 70 fullerene, C 76 fullerene, C 78 fullerene, include C 84 fullerene, the fullerene derivative, derivatives of the fullerene and the like.
- C 60 fullerene derivative examples include compounds represented by the following formulae.
- C 70 fullerene derivative examples include compounds represented by the following formulae.
- Examples of other fullerene derivatives include [6,6] phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (C60PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester.
- the content ratio of the electron accepting compound is preferably 10 to 1000 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electron donating compound.
- the thickness of the organic semiconductor layer 2 is preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, further preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- the combination of the electron donating compound and the electron accepting compound contained in the organic semiconductor layer 2 is preferably a combination of the polymer compound of the present invention and a fullerene derivative or a combination of the polymer compounds of the present invention.
- each polymer compound that is an electron-donating compound and an electron-accepting compound is a combination that provides a HOMO suitable for the electron-donating compound and a LUMO suitable for the electron-accepting compound.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 may contain components other than the above as necessary in order to express various functions.
- Components other than the above include, for example, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, sensitizers for sensitizing the function of generating charges by absorbed light, and light stabilizers for increasing stability from ultraviolet rays. Can be mentioned.
- Components other than the electron-donating compound and the electron-accepting compound that constitute the organic semiconductor layer 2 are each 5 parts by weight or less, particularly 0.01% with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the electron-donating compound and the electron-accepting compound. Mixing at a ratio of ⁇ 3 parts by weight is effective because high charge mobility can be obtained while ensuring the effect of each component.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 may contain a polymer compound other than an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound as a polymer binder in order to improve mechanical properties.
- a polymer binder those that do not inhibit the electron transport property or hole transport property and those that do not strongly absorb visible light are preferably used.
- Polymer binders include poly (N-vinylcarbazole), polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof, poly (2,5-thienylene vinylene) and derivatives thereof, polycarbonate , Polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polysiloxane and the like.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 having the above-described configuration is formed using a solution containing an electron-donating compound, an electron-accepting compound, and other components blended as necessary. Can be formed.
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 can be formed by applying this solution on the anode 7a or the cathode 7b.
- the solvent in film formation using a solution may be any solvent that dissolves the above-described electron-donating compound and electron-accepting compound, and a plurality of solvents may be mixed.
- the solvent include unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloroethane, dichloropropane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane, and halogenated unsaturated carbonization such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and trichlor
- the organic semiconductor layer 2 is formed by spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, and screen printing.
- Application methods such as gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, ink jet printing, dispenser printing, nozzle coating, and capillary coating can be used. Of these, spin coating, flexographic printing, gravure printing, ink jet printing, and dispenser printing are preferred.
- the photoelectric conversion element 300 includes an additional intermediate layer (buffer layer) other than the organic semiconductor layer 2 in order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- buffer layer buffer layer
- Charge transport layer etc.
- Such an intermediate layer can be formed, for example, between the anode 7 a and the organic semiconductor layer 2 or between the cathode 7 b and the organic semiconductor layer 2.
- the intermediate layer examples include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides or oxides such as lithium fluoride.
- the intermediate layer also includes fine particles of inorganic semiconductor such as titanium oxide, a mixture of PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) and PSS (poly (4-styrenesulfonate)) (PEDOT: PSS), etc. May be used.
- the photoelectric conversion element 300 as described above irradiates light such as sunlight from the transparent or translucent electrode (anode 7a or cathode 7b) side, thereby generating a photovoltaic power between these electrodes, and organic It can be operated as a thin film solar cell element.
- a solar cell module can also be configured by integrating a plurality of such organic thin film solar cell elements.
- the photoelectric conversion element 300 has a photocurrent generated by making light incident from a transparent or translucent electrode in a state where a voltage is applied between the electrodes (the anode 7a and the cathode 7b) or in a state where no voltage is applied. Since it flows, it can be operated as an organic light sensor. By integrating a plurality of such organic photosensors, it can be used as an organic image sensor.
- the organic thin-film solar cell using the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can basically have the same module structure as a conventional solar cell module. That is, as a solar cell module, a cell (for example, the photoelectric conversion element of the above-described embodiment) is formed on a support substrate such as metal or ceramic, and the top is covered with a filling resin or protective glass, and is opposite to the support substrate. One having a structure for taking in light from the side is mentioned. Further, by using a transparent material such as tempered glass for the support substrate and forming a cell thereon, it is possible to adopt a structure for taking in light from the transparent support substrate side.
- a transparent material such as tempered glass for the support substrate and forming a cell thereon
- a module structure called a super straight type, a substrate type, or a potting type, a substrate integrated module structure used in an amorphous silicon solar cell, and the like are known.
- the organic thin film solar cell to which the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is applied can also select these module structures according to the purpose of use, the place of use, the environment of use, and the like.
- cells are arranged at regular intervals between support substrates that are transparent on one side or both sides and treated with antireflection, and adjacent cells are metal leads. Or it has the structure which takes out generated electric power outside by having the structure where the current collection electrode is arrange
- plastic materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) may be used between the substrate and the cell in the form of a film or a filling resin depending on the purpose in order to protect the cell and improve the current collection efficiency.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the protective function can be achieved by configuring the surface protective layer with a transparent plastic film or curing the filling resin. It is also possible to eliminate the support substrate on one side.
- the periphery of the support substrate is fixed in a sandwich shape with a metal frame in order to ensure internal sealing and module rigidity, and the support substrate and the frame are hermetically sealed with a sealing material. May be.
- a sealing material if a flexible material is used for the cell itself, the support substrate, the filling material, and the sealing material, a solar cell can be formed on the curved surface.
- a solar cell using a flexible support such as a polymer film
- cells are sequentially formed while feeding a roll-shaped support, cut into a desired size, and then the periphery is made of a flexible and moisture-proof material.
- the main body of the solar cell can be manufactured by sealing.
- a module structure called “SCAF” described in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48, p383-391 may be used.
- a solar cell using a flexible support can be used by being bonded and fixed to a curved glass or the like.
- the molecular weight of the polymer compound (polymer) is GPC (trade name: LC-10Avp) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “LC-10Avp”) or GPC (trade name: GPC Laboratory).
- LC-10Avp LC-10Avp
- GPC GPC Laboratory
- PL-GPC2000 PL-GPC2000
- the polymer When measuring with LC-10Avp, the polymer was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to a concentration of about 0.5% by weight, and 50 ⁇ L was injected into GPC. Tetrahydrofuran was used as the GPC mobile phase, and flowed at a flow rate of 0.6 mL / min.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Tetrahydrofuran was used as the GPC mobile phase, and flowed at a flow rate of 0.6 mL / min.
- TSKgel SuperHM-H manufactured by Tosoh
- TSKgel SuperH2000 manufactured by Tosoh
- a differential refractive index detector (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: RID-10A) was used as the detector.
- the polymer when measured with PL-GPC2000, the polymer was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene so as to have a concentration of about 1% by weight.
- o-dichlorobenzene As the mobile phase of GPC, o-dichlorobenzene was used and allowed to flow at a measurement temperature of 140 ° C. at a flow rate of 1 mL / min.
- the column three PLGEL 10 ⁇ m MIXED-B (PL Laboratory) were connected in series.
- the obtained compound (32) (141 mg, 0.19 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (7 ml), and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (68 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added thereto.
- NBS N-bromosuccinimide
- the solution was stirred at 40 ° C. for 6 hours, water and dichloromethane were added, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine (100 ml ⁇ 3). Thereafter, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the obtained reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol and hexane in order, and then extracted with chloroform.
- the obtained chloroform solution is concentrated, this solution is poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate is collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P1) (106 mg) represented by the following formula P1 as a red solid. It was.
- the polymer compound P1 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 7.1 ⁇ 10 3 and a weight average molecular weight of 1.3 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the organic transistor shown in FIG. 9 was produced using the polymer compound P1, and the transistor characteristics were measured. That is, first, the surface of the heavily doped n-type silicon substrate 31 to be a gate electrode was thermally oxidized to form a 200 nm silicon oxide film 32. After thoroughly washing the substrate, the substrate surface was silane treated with hexamethylene disilazane (HMDS).
- HMDS hexamethylene disilazane
- the polymer compound P1 was dissolved in orthodichlorobenzene to prepare a 3 g / L solution, which was filtered through a membrane filter.
- a thin film (organic semiconductor layer 35) containing a polymer compound P1 of about 30 nm was formed on the surface-treated substrate by spin coating. This thin film was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, a source electrode 33 and a drain electrode 34 having a channel length of 50 ⁇ m and a channel width of 1.5 mm were produced on the obtained thin film by vacuum deposition, thereby obtaining an organic transistor.
- the obtained reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol, hexane and chloroform in this order, and then extracted with chlorobenzene.
- the obtained chlorobenzene solution is concentrated, this solution is poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate is collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P2) (83 mg) represented by the following formula P2 as a red solid. It was.
- the polymer compound P2 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 2.9 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 4.6 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- An organic transistor shown in FIG. 9 was prepared using the polymer compound P2, and the transistor characteristics were measured. That is, first, the surface of the heavily doped n-type silicon substrate 31 to be a gate electrode was thermally oxidized to form a 200 nm silicon oxide film 32. After thoroughly washing the substrate, the substrate surface was silane treated with hexamethylene disilazane (HMDS).
- HMDS hexamethylene disilazane
- the polymer compound P2 was dissolved in orthodichlorobenzene to prepare a 3 g / L solution, which was filtered through a membrane filter.
- a thin film (organic semiconductor layer 35) containing a polymer compound P2 of about 30 nm was formed on the surface-treated substrate by spin coating. This thin film was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, a source electrode 33 and a drain electrode 34 having a channel length of 50 ⁇ m and a channel width of 1.5 mm were produced on the obtained thin film by vacuum deposition, thereby obtaining an organic transistor.
- the obtained reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol and hexane in order, and then extracted with chloroform.
- the obtained chloroform solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P3) (106 mg) represented by the following formula P3 as a red solid. It was.
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the polymer compound P3 was 3.7 ⁇ 10 3 , and the weight average molecular weight was 5.1 ⁇ 10 3 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the organic transistor shown in FIG. 9 was produced using the polymer compound P3, and the transistor characteristics were measured. That is, first, the surface of the heavily doped n-type silicon substrate 31 to be a gate electrode was thermally oxidized to form a 200 nm silicon oxide film 32. After thoroughly washing the substrate, the substrate surface was silane treated with hexamethylene disilazane (HMDS).
- HMDS hexamethylene disilazane
- the polymer compound P3 was dissolved in chloroform to prepare a 1 g / L solution, which was filtered through a membrane filter.
- a thin film (organic semiconductor layer 35) containing a polymer compound P3 of about 30 nm was formed on the surface-treated substrate by a drop casting method.
- a source electrode 33 and a drain electrode 34 having a channel length of 50 ⁇ m and a channel width of 1.5 mm were produced on the obtained thin film by vacuum deposition, thereby obtaining an organic transistor.
- the obtained reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol and hexane in order, and then extracted with chloroform.
- the obtained chloroform solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P4) (97 mg) represented by the following formula P4 as a red solid. It was.
- the polymer compound P4 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 6.7 ⁇ 10 3 and a weight average molecular weight of 9.5 ⁇ 10 3 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the polymer compound P4 was dissolved in chloroform to prepare a 3 g / L solution, which was filtered through a membrane filter.
- a thin film (organic semiconductor layer 35) containing the polymer compound P4 of about 30 nm was formed on the surface-treated substrate by spin coating. This thin film was heated at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, a source electrode 33 and a drain electrode 34 having a channel length of 50 ⁇ m and a channel width of 1.5 mm were produced on the obtained thin film by vacuum deposition, thereby obtaining an organic transistor.
- n represents the number of repeating units.
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the polymer compound P5 was 8.5 ⁇ 10 3 , and the weight average molecular weight was 4.3 ⁇ 10 4 .
- n represents the number of repeating units.
- An organic transistor shown in FIG. 9 was prepared using the polymer compound P5, and the transistor characteristics were measured. That is, first, the surface of the heavily doped n-type silicon substrate 31 to be a gate electrode was thermally oxidized to form a 200 nm silicon oxide film 32. The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone for 10 minutes and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes. Thereafter, silane treatment was performed on the substrate surface by spin coating using ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane ( ⁇ -PTS).
- ⁇ -PTS ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane
- the polymer compound P5 was dissolved in toluene as a solvent to prepare a solution having a total concentration of 0.5% by weight, and this was filtered through a membrane filter.
- the obtained solution was applied onto the surface-treated substrate by a spin coating method to form a thin film (organic semiconductor layer 35) of a polymer compound P5 having a thickness of about 60 nm.
- a source electrode 33 and a drain electrode 34 (having a laminated structure of MoO 3 and gold in order from the thin film side) by a vacuum deposition method using a metal mask with a channel length of 20 ⁇ m and a channel width of 2 mm. Electrode) to produce an organic transistor.
- Example 5 Synthesis of polymer compound P6 Using a four-necked flask, the compound (34) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 (119.4 mg, 0.300 mmol), the compound represented by the following formula (35) (compound (35)) (159.4 mg, 0.270 mmol), toluene (10 mL) and methyltrialkylammonium chloride (trade name Aliquat 336 (registered trademark), manufactured by Aldrich) (60.6 mg, 0.15 mmol) were added, and argon was added at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 30 minutes. Bubbling was performed.
- the temperature of the solution thus obtained was raised to 90 ° C., and then palladium acetate (0.67 mg, 1 mol%) and tris (2-methoxyphenyl) phosphine (3.70 mg, 3.5 mol%) were added. Then, stirring at 100 degreeC, sodium carbonate aqueous solution (16.7 weight%, 1.90g, 3.00mmol) was dripped over 30 minutes. After 4 hours, phenylboric acid (3.66 mg, 0.03 mmol), palladium acetate (0.67 mg, 1 mol%) and tris (2-methoxyphenyl) phosphine (3.70 mg, 3.5 mol%) were added and an additional 1 After stirring for hours, the reaction was stopped. The reaction was performed in an argon atmosphere.
- the obtained polymer compound was filtered and dried, and then the polymer compound was redissolved in toluene (15 mL) and passed through an alumina / silica gel column. The obtained solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer compound, filtered, and dried to obtain 87 mg of a polymer compound represented by the following formula P6 (polymer compound P6).
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene of the polymer compound P6 was 5.5 ⁇ 10 3
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- An organic transistor shown in FIG. 9 was prepared using the polymer compound P6, and the transistor characteristics were measured. That is, first, the surface of the heavily doped n-type silicon substrate 31 to be a gate electrode was thermally oxidized to form a 200 nm silicon oxide film 32. The substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone for 10 minutes and then irradiated with ozone UV for 20 minutes. Thereafter, silane treatment was performed on the substrate surface by spin coating using ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane ( ⁇ -PTS).
- ⁇ -PTS ⁇ -phenethyltrichlorosilane
- the polymer compound P6 was dissolved in chloroform as a solvent to prepare a solution having a total concentration of 0.5% by weight, and this was filtered through a membrane filter.
- a thin film (organic semiconductor layer 35) of a polymer compound P6 having a thickness of about 60 nm was formed on the surface-treated substrate by spin coating.
- a source electrode 33 and a drain electrode 34 (having a laminated structure of MoO 3 and gold in order from the thin film side) by a vacuum deposition method using a metal mask with a channel length of 20 ⁇ m and a channel width of 2 mm. Electrode) to produce an organic transistor.
- the temperature of the solution was raised to 90 ° C., and palladium acetate (0.67 mg, 1 mol%) and tris (2-methoxyphenyl) phosphine (3.70 mg, 3.5 mol%) were added. Then, stirring at 100 degreeC, sodium carbonate aqueous solution (16.7 weight%, 1.90g, 3.00mmol) was dripped over 30 minutes. After 4 hours, phenylboric acid (3.66 mg, 0.03 mmol), palladium acetate (0.67 mg, 1 mol%) and tris (2-methoxyphenyl) phosphine (3.70 mg, 3.5 mol%) were added and an additional 1 After stirring for hours, the reaction was stopped. The reaction was performed in an argon atmosphere.
- the obtained polymer compound was filtered and dried, and then the polymer compound was redissolved in toluene (15 mL) and passed through an alumina / silica gel column. The obtained solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer compound, filtered, and dried to obtain 69 mg of a polymer compound represented by the following formula P7 (polymer compound P7).
- the polymer compound P7 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1.2 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg from 10 to -50 V and the source-drain voltage Vsd from 0 to -50 V.
- the drain current value was 0.42 ⁇ A, which was lower than that in Example 5.
- the field effect mobility was calculated as 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cm 2 / Vs, which was lower than that in Example 5.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol, hexane and chloroform, and extracted with chlorobenzene.
- the chlorobenzene solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P8) (38 mg) represented by the following formula P8 as a black-brown solid.
- the polymer compound P8 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1.7 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 2.1 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg to 20 to ⁇ 60 V and the source-drain voltage Vsd to 0 to ⁇ 60 V.
- lithium fluoride was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 0.8 nm by a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and then Al was vapor-deposited with a thickness of 100 nm to produce an organic thin film solar cell.
- the shape of the organic thin film solar cell was a circle having a diameter of 2 mm.
- the obtained organic thin film solar cell is irradiated with constant light using a solar simulator (trade name HAL302: AM1.5G filter, irradiance 100 mW / cm 2 , manufactured by Asahi Spectroscopic Co., Ltd.), and the generated current and voltage are
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the short circuit current density (Jsc), the open circuit voltage (Voc), and the fill factor (ff) were determined by measurement.
- Jsc (short circuit current density) 5.36 mA / cm 2
- Voc (open circuit voltage) 0.61 V
- ff (fill factor) 0.38
- photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ⁇ ) 1.4% are obtained. It was.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol and hexane and then extracted with heated chloroform.
- the chloroform solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P9) (149 mg) represented by the following formula P9 as a red solid.
- the polymer compound P9 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1.35 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 2.6 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the polymer was filtered and dried to obtain 460 mg of a polymer compound represented by the following formula P10 (polymer compound P10).
- the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the polymer compound P10 measured by GPC was 1.2 ⁇ 10 4
- the weight average molecular weight was 3.2 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the transistor characteristics were measured by changing the gate voltage Vg from 10 to ⁇ 60 V and the source-drain voltage Vsd from 0 to ⁇ 60 V.
- the drain current value was 0.54 ⁇ A, which was lower than that in Example 6. From this result, the field effect mobility was calculated to be 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 cm 2 / Vs.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, heated and washed with methanol and hexane, and extracted with chloroform.
- the chloroform solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P11) (199 mg) represented by the following formula P11 as a black-brown solid.
- the polymer compound P11 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1.6 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 2.6 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, heated and washed with methanol and hexane, and extracted with chloroform.
- the chloroform solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P12) (230 mg) represented by the following formula P12 as a black solid.
- the polymer compound P12 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 1.9 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol, hexane and chloroform, and extracted with chlorobenzene.
- the chlorobenzene solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P13) (150 mg) represented by the following formula P13 as a black-brown solid.
- the polymer compound P13 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 3.3 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 7.3 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol, hexane and chloroform, and extracted with chlorobenzene.
- the chlorobenzene solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound represented by the following formula P14 (polymer compound P14) (90 mg) as a black-brown solid.
- the polymer compound P14 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 3.0 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 6.3 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and stirred for 3 hours.
- the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol, hexane and chloroform, and extracted with chlorobenzene.
- the chlorobenzene solution was concentrated, this solution was poured into methanol, and the deposited precipitate was collected by filtration to obtain a polymer compound (polymer compound P15) (102 mg) represented by the following formula P15 as a black-brown solid.
- the polymer compound P15 had a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 2.6 ⁇ 10 4 and a weight average molecular weight of 10.5 ⁇ 10 4 .
- This reaction is as shown in the following reaction formula. In the formula, n represents the number of repeating units.
- Organic-semiconductor layer 100 ... Organic transistor which concerns on 1st Embodiment, 110 ... Organic transistor which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, 120 ... 3rd Embodiment
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Abstract
Description
したがって、このような薄膜からなる有機半導体層を備える本発明の有機トランジスタは、有機半導体層の電荷の移動度が高いため、高い電界効果移動度が得られるものとなる。
本発明の高分子化合物は、上記の式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有するものである。
このような末端基としては、主鎖と共役結合しているものが好ましく、例えば、炭素-炭素結合を介してアリール基又は複素環基と結合している構造が挙げられる。具体的には、特開平9-45478号公報の化10に記載の置換基等が末端基として例示できる。
次に、上述した高分子化合物の製造方法の好適な実施形態について説明する。
上述した本発明の高分子化合物は、他の成分を組み合わせて含む組成物として、発光材料や電荷輸送材料として用いることもできる。このような組成物としては、例えば、高分子化合物と、ホール輸送材料、電子輸送材料及び発光材料からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種類の材料とを含有するものが挙げられる。好適なホール輸送材料及び電子輸送材料としては、後述する薄膜の説明で例示するものを適用できる。
本発明の高分子化合物を含有するインク組成物は、高分子化合物と溶媒とを含有するものである。また、インク組成物は、上述したような高分子化合物を含有する組成物と溶媒とを含有するものであってもよい。このインク組成物は、主に溶液の状態であり、印刷法等により薄膜を形成するのに有用である。インク組成物に含まれる高分子化合物及び溶媒以外の成分としては、ホール輸送材料、電子輸送材料、発光材料、安定剤、増粘剤(粘度を高めるための高分子量の化合物や貧溶媒)、粘度を下げるための低分子量の化合物、界面活性剤(表面張力を下げるためのもの)、酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の高分子化合物を含有する薄膜は、例えば、発光性薄膜、導電性薄膜、有機半導体薄膜として適用できる。
導電性薄膜は、ルイス酸、イオン性化合物等がドープされることにより、より高い電気伝導度が得られるようになる。
本発明の高分子化合物を含有する薄膜(例えば、有機半導体薄膜)は、電荷の輸送性を有することから、電極から注入された電子若しくはホール、又は光吸収により発生した電荷を輸送制御することができ、有機トランジスタ、太陽電池モジュール、光センサー等種々の有機薄膜素子に用いることができる。なお、本発明の薄膜をこれらの有機薄膜素子に用いる場合は、上述したような配向処理により配向させて用いることが、より高い電子輸送性又はホール輸送性が得られることから好ましい。以下、有機薄膜素子の好適な例について説明する。
まず、本発明の高分子化合物を含有する有機半導体層を備える有機トランジスタの好適な実施形態について説明する。
なお、ゲート電極4としては、高濃度にドープされたシリコン基板を用いることも可能である。高濃度にドープされたシリコン基板は、ゲート電極としての性質とともに、基板としての性質も併せて有する。このような基板としての性質をも有するゲート電極4を用いる場合には、基板1とゲート電極4とが接している有機トランジスタにおいて、基板1を省略してもよい。例えば、上述した第3、4、7実施形態の有機トランジスタにおいて、ゲート電極4が基板1を兼ねる構成とすることができる。
次に、上述した実施形態の有機トランジスタを用いた面状光源及び表示装置について説明する。
本発明の高分子化合物は、光電変換素子用の有機半導体層としても有用である。光電変換素子の基本的形態としては、少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、電子供与性化合物(p型の有機半導体)と電子受容性化合物(n型の有機半導体等)との有機組成物から形成されるバルクへテロ型有機半導体層もしくはp/n積層型有機半導体層を有する形態が挙げられる。上述した本発明の高分子化合物は、電子供与性化合物及び電子受容性化合物のうちの少なくとも一方として、これらの有機半導体層中に含まれる。
光電変換素子は、通常、基板上に各層が形成された構成を有する。この基板1は、電極を形成でき、有機物の層を形成する際に化学的に変化しないものであればよい。基板1の材料としては、例えば、ガラス、プラスチック、高分子フィルム、シリコン等が挙げられる。不透明な基板1の場合には、反対の電極(即ち、基板から遠い方の電極)が透明又は半透明であることが好ましい。
電極(陽極7a及び陰極7b)のうち、少なくとも一方は、透明又は半透明の電極材料により構成される。透明又は半透明の電極材料としては、導電性の金属酸化物膜、半透明の金属薄膜等が挙げられる。具体的には、酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、及びそれらの複合体であるインジウム・スズ・オキサイド(ITO)、インジウム・亜鉛・オキサイド(IZO)、NESA等の導電性材料を用いて作製された膜や、金、白金、銀、銅等が用いられる。なかでも、ITO、インジウム・亜鉛・オキサイド、酸化スズが好ましい。
光電変換素子に含まれる有機半導体層は、電子供与性化合物若しくは電子受容性化合物の少なくとも一方として、上述した本発明の高分子化合物を含む。なお、電子供与性化合物及び電子受容性化合物は、これらの化合物のHOMOのエネルギーレベルの値、又は、LUMOのエネルギーレベルの値から相対的に決定されるものである。
光電変換素子300は、上述した基板1、電極(陽極7a及び7b)及び有機半導体層2のほかに、光電変換効率を向上させるために、有機半導体層2以外の付加的な中間層(バッファ層、電荷輸送層等)を使用してもよい。このような中間層は、例えば、陽極7aと有機半導体層2との間、或いは、陰極7bと有機半導体層2との間に形成することができる。
上述したような光電変換素子300は、透明又は半透明の電極(陽極7a又は陰極7b)の側から太陽光等の光を照射することにより、これらの電極間に光起電力を発生させ、有機薄膜太陽電池素子として動作させることができる。このような有機薄膜太陽電池素子を複数集積することにより、太陽電池モジュールを構成することもできる。
本発明の光電変換素子を用いた有機薄膜太陽電池は、従来の太陽電池モジュールと基本的には同様のモジュール構造をとりうる。すなわち、太陽電池モジュールとしては、金属、セラミック等の支持基板の上にセル(例えば、上記実施形態の光電変換素子)が構成され、その上を充填樹脂や保護ガラス等で覆い、支持基板の反対側から光を取り込む構造を有するものが挙げられる。また、支持基板に強化ガラス等の透明材料を用い、その上にセルを構成することで、透明の支持基板側から光を取り込む構造とすることも可能である。
以下の実施例において、高分子化合物(重合体)の分子量は、島津製作所製GPC(商品名:LC-10Avp)(以下、「LC-10Avp」と言う。)又はGPCラボラトリー製GPC(商品名:PL-GPC2000)(以下、「PL-GPC2000」と言う。)により、ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量を求めた。
(合成例1)
窒素雰囲気下、ナフト[1,2-b:5,6-b’]ジチオフェン(0.50g,2.08mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(50ml)に溶解させ、-78℃に冷却した後、n-BuLiの1.59Mテトラヒドロフラン溶液(4ml,6.36mmol)を滴下した。この溶液を室温まで昇温して30分間撹拌した後、-78℃に冷却し、塩化トリメチルスズ(1.66g,8.34mmol)を加えた。この溶液を室温まで昇温して12時間撹拌した。
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(5mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、2-ブロモ-3-ドデシルチオフェン(188mg,0.5mmol)、及び上記化合物(31)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3時間還流しながら撹拌した。なお、「dba」とは、ジベンジリデンアセトンを表す(以下同様)。
窒素雰囲気下、ナフト[1,2-b:5,6-b’]ジチオフェン(0.50g,2.08mmol)をテトラヒドロフラン(50ml)に溶解させ、-78℃に冷却した後、n-BuLiの1.59Mテトラヒドロフラン溶液(4ml,6.36mmol)を滴下した。この溶液を室温まで昇温して30分間撹拌した後、-78℃に冷却し、1,2-ジブロモテトラクロロエタン(6.51g,20mmol)を加えた。この溶液を室温まで昇温して12時間撹拌した。
(高分子化合物P1の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(5mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジドデシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(132mg,0.2mmol)、及び合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流しながら撹拌した。
高分子化合物P1を用いて図9に示す有機トランジスタを作製し、そのトランジスタ特性を測定した。すなわち、まず、ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板31の表面を熱酸化し、200nmのシリコン酸化膜32を形成した。この基板を十分に洗浄した後、ヘキサメチレンジシラザン(HMDS)を用いて、基板表面をシラン処理した。
(高分子化合物P2の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(5mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジヘキサデシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(155mg,0.2mmol)、合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流しながら撹拌した。
高分子化合物P2を用いて図9に示す有機トランジスタを作製し、そのトランジスタ特性を測定した。すなわち、まず、ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板31の表面を熱酸化し、200nmのシリコン酸化膜32を形成した。この基板を十分に洗浄した後、ヘキサメチレンジシラザン(HMDS)を用いて、基板表面をシラン処理した。
(高分子化合物P3の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(5mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジエチルヘキシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(112mg,0.2mmol)、及び合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流しながら撹拌した。
高分子化合物P3を用いて図9に示す有機トランジスタを作製し、そのトランジスタ特性を測定した。すなわち、まず、ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板31の表面を熱酸化し、200nmのシリコン酸化膜32を形成した。この基板を十分に洗浄した後、ヘキサメチレンジシラザン(HMDS)を用いて、基板表面をシラン処理した。
(高分子化合物P4の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(8ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(2mg,0.002mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(3mg,0.008mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ビス(トリメチルスタニル)-4,4’-ジドデシルヘキシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(100mg,0.12mmol)、及び合成例2で得られた化合物(33)(102mg,0.11mmol)を加え、3日間還流しながら撹拌した。
高分子化合物P4を用いて図9に示す有機トランジスタを作製し、そのトランジスタ特性を測定した。すなわち、まず、ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板31の表面を熱酸化し、200nmのシリコン酸化膜32を形成した。この基板を十分に洗浄した後、ヘキサメチレンジシラザン(HMDS)を用いて、基板表面をシラン処理した。
(高分子化合物P5の合成)
フラスコに、4,4’-ジドデシル-5,5’-ビス(4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-1,3,5-ジオキサボロラン-2-イル)-2,2’-ビチオフェン(341mg,0.452mmol)、2,7-ジブロモ-4,5-ジヘプチルベンゾ[2,1-b:3,4-b’]ジチオフェン(246mg,0.452mmol)、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)(8.3mg,0.009mmol)、トリ-tert-ブチルホスホニウムテトラフルオロボレート(10.5mg,0.036mmol)、及びテトラヒドロフラン(12mL)を入れ、フラスコ中の溶液を60℃に加熱した。
高分子化合物P5を用いて図9に示す有機トランジスタを作製し、そのトランジスタ特性を測定した。すなわち、まず、ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板31の表面を熱酸化し、200nmのシリコン酸化膜32を形成した。この基板をアセトンで10分間超音波洗浄した後、オゾンUVを20分間照射した。その後、β-フェニチルトリクロロシラン(β-PTS)を用いて、スピンコート法により基板表面をシラン処理した。
(高分子化合物P6の合成)
四つ口フラスコを用いて、合成例3で得られた化合物(34)(119.4mg、0.300mmol)、下記式(35)で表される化合物(化合物(35))(159.4mg、0.270mmol)、トルエン(10mL)及びメチルトリアルキルアンモニウムクロリド(商品名Aliquat336(登録商標)、アルドリッチ社製)(60.6mg、0.15mmol)を加え、室温(25℃)で30分間、アルゴンバブリングを行った。
高分子化合物P6を用いて図9に示す有機トランジスタを作製し、そのトランジスタ特性を測定した。すなわち、まず、ゲート電極となる高濃度にドーピングされたn-型シリコン基板31の表面を熱酸化し、200nmのシリコン酸化膜32を形成した。この基板をアセトンで10分間超音波洗浄した後、オゾンUVを20分間照射した。その後、β-フェニチルトリクロロシラン(β-PTS)を用いて、スピンコート法により基板表面をシラン処理した。
(高分子化合物P7の合成)
四つ口フラスコを用いて、下記式(36)で表される化合物(化合物(36))(97.2mg、0.300mmol)、化合物(35)(159.4mg、0.270mmol)、トルエン(10mL)及びメチルトリアルキルアンモニウムクロリド(商品名Aliquat336(登録商標)、アルドリッチ社製)(60.6mg、0.15mmol)を加え、室温(25℃)で30分間、アルゴンバブリングを行った。
その後、100℃で攪拌しながら、炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(16.7重量%、1.90g、3.00mmol)を30分かけて滴下した。4時間後、フェニルホウ酸(3.66mg、0.03mmol)、酢酸パラジウム(0.67mg、1mol%)及びトリス(2-メトキシフェニル)ホスフィン(3.70mg、3.5mol%)を加え、さらに1時間攪拌した後、反応を停止した。なお、反応はアルゴン雰囲気下で行った。
高分子化合物P7を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
(高分子化合物P8の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(6mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、下記式(37)で表される化合物(化合物(37))(100mg,0.12mmol)、合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(113mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサン、クロロホルムで加熱洗浄した後、クロロベンゼンで抽出した。クロロベンゼン溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P8で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P8)(38mg)を黒褐色の固体として得た。高分子化合物P8のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は1.7×104、重量平均分子量は2.1×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P8を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
スパッタ法により115nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板をオゾンUV処理して表面処理を行った。次に、高分子化合物P8及びフラーレン誘導体であるC60PCBM(フロンティアカーボン社製)を含むオルトジクロロベンゼン溶液(高分子化合物P8/C60PCBMの重量比=1/2)を用い、スピンコートにより塗布して有機半導体層を作製した(厚さ約100nm)。その後、真空蒸着機によりフッ化リチウムを厚さ0.8nmで蒸着し、次いでAlを厚さ100nmで蒸着して、有機薄膜太陽電池を作製した。この有機薄膜太陽電池の形状は、直径2mmの円であった。
(高分子化合物P9の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。このクロロベンゼンに、Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(5mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジオクチルデシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(166mg,0.2mmol)、合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサンで加熱洗浄した後、加熱したクロロホルムで抽出した。クロロホルム溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P9で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P9)(149mg)を赤色固体として得た。高分子化合物P9のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は1.35×104、重量平均分子量は2.6×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P9を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
高分子化合物P8/C60PCBMの重量比=1/2に代えて、高分子化合物P9/C60PCBM=1/6(重量比)とした以外は、実施例6と同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、その評価を行ったところ、Jsc(短絡電流密度)=1.82mA/cm2、Voc(開放電圧)=0.62V、ff(フィルファクター)=0.51、光電変換効率(η)=0.56%という結果が得られた。
(高分子化合物P10の合成)
四つ口フラスコに、下記式(38)で表される化合物(化合物(38))(642.0mg、1.000mmol)、下記式(39)で表される化合物(化合物(39))(336.4mg、0.950mmol)、及びテトラヒドロフラン(25mL)を入れ、室温(25℃)で30分間アルゴンバブリングを行った。その後、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(9.15mg、0.01mmol)、[トリ(tert-ブチル)ホスホニウム]テトラフルオロボレート(11.60mg、0.04mmol)を加えた。80℃で攪拌しながら、27.6重量%の炭酸カリウム水溶液(1.50g、3.00mmol)を30分かけて滴下した。15分後、フェニルホウ酸(36.6mg、0.30mmol)を加え、さらに1時間攪拌した後、反応を停止した。なお、反応はアルゴン雰囲気下で行った。
高分子化合物P10を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
高分子化合物P8/C60PCBMの重量比=1/2に代えて、高分子化合物P10/C60PCBM=1/3(重量比)とした以外は、実施例6と同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、その評価を行った。その結果、Jsc(短絡電流密度)=1.62mA/cm2、Voc(開放電圧)=0.04V、ff(フィルファクター)=0.25、光電変換効率(η)=0.02%であり、実施例6及び7と比較して低い特性となることが確認された。
(高分子化合物P11の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を30分間脱気した。Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(3.7mg,0.0036mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(4.4mg,0.0144mmol,8mol%)、化合物(40)(102mg,0.18mmol)、合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(102mg,0.18mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサンで加熱洗浄した後、クロロホルムで抽出した。クロロホルム溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P11で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P11)(199mg)を黒褐色の固体として得た。高分子化合物P11のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は1.6×104、重量平均分子量は2.6×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P11を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
高分子化合物P8/C60PCBMの重量比=1/2に代えて、高分子化合物P11/C60PCBM=1/0.8(重量比)とした以外は、実施例6と同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、その評価を行った。その結果、Jsc(短絡電流密度)=8.01mA/cm2、Voc(開放電圧)=0.75V、ff(フィルファクター)=0.63、光電変換効率(η)=3.74%であった。
(高分子化合物P12の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を加え30分間脱気した。Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(5mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、下記式(41)で表される化合物(化合物(41))(226mg,0.2mmol)、合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(113mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサンで加熱洗浄した後、クロロホルムで抽出した。クロロホルム溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P12で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P12)(230mg)を黒色の固体として得た。高分子化合物P12のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は1.9×104、重量平均分子量は5.0×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P12を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
高分子化合物P8/C60PCBMの重量比=1/2に代えて、高分子化合物P12/C60PCBM=1/1(重量比)とした以外は、実施例6と同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作製し、その評価を行った。その結果、Jsc(短絡電流密度)=4.08mA/cm2、Voc(開放電圧)=0.72V、ff(フィルファクター)=0.48、光電変換効率(η)=1.30%であった。
(高分子化合物P13の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を加え30分間脱気した。Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4.1mg,0.0038mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(4.8mg,0.0152mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジイコシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(170mg,0.19mmol)、合成例1で得られた化合物(31)(109mg,0.19mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサン、クロロホルムで加熱洗浄した後、クロロベンゼンで抽出した。クロロベンゼン溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P13で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P13)(150mg)を黒褐色の固体として得た。高分子化合物P13のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は3.3×104、重量平均分子量は7.3×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P13を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
(合成例4)
ナフト[2,1-b:6,5-b’]ジチオフェンを、ナフト[1,2-b:5,6-b’]ジチオフェンに代えて用いた以外は、合成例1と同様にして、下記式(42)で表される化合物(化合物(42))を合成した。
(高分子化合物P14の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を加え30分間脱気した。Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4.1mg,0.0038mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(4.8mg,0.0152mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジヘキサデシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(149mg,0.2mmol)、合成例4で得られた化合物(42)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサン、クロロホルムで加熱洗浄した後、クロロベンゼンで抽出した。クロロベンゼン溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P14で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P14)(90mg)を黒褐色の固体として得た。高分子化合物P14のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は3.0×104、重量平均分子量は6.3×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P14を、高分子化合物P6に代えて用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
(高分子化合物P15の合成)
窒素雰囲気下、クロロベンゼン(20ml)を加え30分間脱気した。Pd2(dba)3・CHCl3(4.1mg,0.004mmol,2mol%)、P(o-tolyl)3(4.8mg,0.016mmol,8mol%)、5,5’-ジブロモ-4,4’-ジイコシル-2,2’-ビチオフェン(177mg,0.2mmol)、合成例4で得られた化合物(42)(114mg,0.2mmol)を加え、3日間還流、撹拌した。反応溶液をメタノール(200ml)と塩酸(5ml)の混合溶液に注ぎ、3時間撹拌した。析出した沈殿物を濾取し、メタノール、ヘキサン、クロロホルムで加熱洗浄した後、クロロベンゼンで抽出した。クロロベンゼン溶液を濃縮し、この溶液をメタノールに流し込み、析出した沈殿物を濾取して、下記式P15で表される高分子化合物(高分子化合物P15)(102mg)を黒褐色の固体として得た。高分子化合物P15のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は2.6×104、重量平均分子量は10.5×104であった。この反応は、下記反応式で示される通りである。なお、式中、nは繰り返し単位数を示す。
高分子化合物P6に代えて、高分子化合物P15を用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして有機トランジスタを作製した。
Claims (18)
- 式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する、高分子化合物。
- 前記Ar1及び前記Ar2の少なくとも一方が、複素5員環である、請求項1記載の高分子化合物。
- 式(1)で表される繰り返し単位が、式(2)で表される繰り返し単位、式(3)で表される繰り返し単位及び式(4)で表される繰り返し単位で表される群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位である、請求項1又は2記載の高分子化合物。
- 式(2)における前記X21及び前記X22、式(3)における前記X31及び前記X32、並びに式(4)における前記X41及び前記X42が、硫黄原子、セレン原子又は酸素原子である、請求項3記載の高分子化合物。
- 前記Yが、炭素数4~12の5員の2価の複素環基、炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は、多環の2価の複素基である、請求項5記載の高分子化合物。
- 前記Yが、式(7)で表される基である、請求項5記載の高分子化合物。
- 式(5)で表される繰り返し単位が、少なくとも1種の電子受容性を有する芳香族基を含む、請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物。
- 式(1)で表される繰り返し単位が有している最高被占軌道のエネルギーレベルの値と、前記電子受容性を有する芳香族基が有している最低空分子軌道のエネルギーレベルの値との差が、4.4eV以下である、請求項9記載の高分子化合物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物を含む薄膜。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の高分子化合物と、溶媒と、を含有するインク組成物。
- 請求項11記載の薄膜からなる有機半導体層を備える、有機トランジスタ。
- 請求項13記載の有機トランジスタを備える、面状光源。
- 請求項13記載の有機トランジスタを備える、表示装置。
- 陽極と、陰極と、該陽極と該陰極との間に設けられる有機半導体層とを有し、
前記有機半導体層が、電子供与性化合物及び電子受容性化合物を含み、該電子供与性化合物及び該電子受容性化合物の少なくとも一方が、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物である、光電変換素子。 - 請求項16記載の光電変換素子を含む太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項16記載の光電変換素子を含むイメージセンサー。
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Also Published As
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CN102666643B (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
JP2012131938A (ja) | 2012-07-12 |
KR20120129889A (ko) | 2012-11-28 |
DE112010004999T5 (de) | 2013-01-24 |
CN102666643A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
US20120305899A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
US8921836B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
TWI490250B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
TW201132671A (en) | 2011-10-01 |
JP5620255B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
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