WO2010131324A1 - 車群制御方法及び車両 - Google Patents
車群制御方法及び車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010131324A1 WO2010131324A1 PCT/JP2009/058768 JP2009058768W WO2010131324A1 WO 2010131324 A1 WO2010131324 A1 WO 2010131324A1 JP 2009058768 W JP2009058768 W JP 2009058768W WO 2010131324 A1 WO2010131324 A1 WO 2010131324A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/22—Platooning, i.e. convoy of communicating vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/166—Anti-collision systems for active traffic, e.g. moving vehicles, pedestrians, bikes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle group control method for controlling the traveling of a vehicle group composed of a plurality of vehicles, and a vehicle equipped with such a vehicle group control means.
- a traveling control device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-344686 is known as a technique in such a field.
- this device communicates with the preceding vehicle and / or the rear vehicle and the communication equipment on the road facility side, and organizes the vehicle in a state where the vehicle and the vehicle group are organized. It is intended to run.
- this apparatus when the distance to the end point of the service section becomes shorter than a predetermined distance, the target inter-vehicle distance with the preceding vehicle traveling immediately before the host vehicle is changed to a large value, and the end of the service section It has been proposed to ensure smooth traffic at the site.
- the travel control device in Document 1 only describes that the inter-vehicle distance is increased by controlling the vehicle speed, but there is no mention of the relative speed or relative acceleration between the vehicles, and the change in the relative vehicle speed in the process of changing the inter-vehicle distance. Problems remain in smoothness and control accuracy.
- the relative speed is changed as indicated by a graph having a minimum value on the time axis.
- the relative speed of the jth vehicle with respect to the j-1th vehicle is Since the relative speed is smoothly changed as shown by the graph having the minimum value, the change in the vehicle distance can be accurately performed with such a smooth change in the relative speed.
- n 2, 3,
- the relative speed of the jth vehicle with respect to the j ⁇ 1th vehicle during the change between the vehicles is The relative speed is changed as indicated by a graph having a maximum value on the time axis.
- the relative speed of the jth vehicle with respect to the j-1th vehicle is Since the relative speed is smoothly changed as shown by the graph having the maximum value, the change in the distance between the vehicles can be accurately performed with the smooth change of the relative speed.
- the time taken to change the inter-vehicle distance may be determined based on the above.
- the vehicle group control method of the present invention when the inter-vehicle distance in the vehicle group is increased, in the vehicle positioned ahead of a predetermined reference position between the first vehicle and the last vehicle in the vehicle group, the vehicle The vehicle speed during the change between vehicles is changed as shown by the graph having the maximum value on the time axis, and in a vehicle located behind a predetermined reference position, The vehicle speed may be changed as indicated by a graph having a minimum value on the time axis.
- the vehicle speed of the vehicle ahead of the reference position is indicated by a graph having a maximum value on the time axis, so that the vehicle ahead of the reference position is within the vehicle group from the reference position. Move away from you. Further, since the vehicle speed of the vehicle behind the reference position is indicated by a graph having a minimum value on the time axis, the vehicle behind the reference position moves away from the reference position in the vehicle group. .
- the reference position exists between the first vehicle and the last vehicle in the vehicle group. Therefore, in the vehicle group, each vehicle moves away from the reference position in the vehicle group, and the inter-vehicle distance in the vehicle group is increased. Therefore, the movement of the vehicle near the both ends of the vehicle group can be reduced, and the time for extending the inter-vehicle distance can be shortened while suppressing the acceleration / deceleration load of the vehicle near the both ends of the vehicle.
- the vehicle group control method of the present invention when the inter-vehicle distance in the vehicle group is shortened, the vehicle positioned ahead of the predetermined reference position between the leading vehicle and the last vehicle in the vehicle group The vehicle speed during the change between the vehicles is changed as shown by the graph having the minimum value on the time axis, and in the vehicle located behind the predetermined reference position, The vehicle speed may be changed as indicated by a graph having a maximum value on the time axis.
- the vehicle speed of the vehicle ahead of the reference position is indicated by a graph having a minimum value on the time axis, so that the vehicle ahead of the reference position is at the reference position in the vehicle group. Move backward to get closer. Further, since the vehicle speed of the vehicle behind the reference position is shown by a graph having a maximum value on the time axis, the vehicle behind the reference position moves forward so as to approach the reference position in the vehicle group. .
- the reference position exists between the first vehicle and the last vehicle in the vehicle group. Therefore, in the vehicle group, the vehicles move so as to gather at the reference position in the vehicle group, and the inter-vehicle distance in the vehicle group is reduced. Therefore, the movement of the vehicle close to both ends of the vehicle group can be reduced, and the time for reducing the inter-vehicle distance can be shortened while suppressing the acceleration / deceleration load of the vehicle close to both ends of the vehicle.
- all the target inter-vehicle distances of the vehicle group are fixed within a predetermined time after the start of the change between the vehicles.
- all the target inter-vehicle distances of the vehicle group may be fixed within a predetermined time before the end of the change between the vehicles.
- the vehicle If the vehicle is started from the stop state of the vehicle group to widen the distance between the vehicles, it is difficult to control acceleration / deceleration with high accuracy within a predetermined time after the start. Further, when the vehicle is stopped by reducing the distance from the traveling state of the vehicle group, it is difficult to control acceleration / deceleration with high accuracy within a predetermined time before the stop. If complicated inter-vehicle control is performed in such a time zone where acceleration / deceleration control is difficult, the simultaneous start and stop timings of the vehicles may be disturbed.
- all target inter-vehicle distances of the vehicle group may be fixed.
- the vehicle speed of the vehicle group is smaller than a predetermined value, all target inter-vehicle distances are fixed. For example, immediately after starting or immediately before stopping. In addition, it is possible to suppress the disturbance between the vehicles when the vehicle speed is low.
- this vehicle group control method when the inter-vehicle distance in the vehicle group is changed, the change of the inter-vehicle distance is completed in order from the front to the rear of the vehicle group. Therefore, even when the number of vehicles constituting the vehicle group is large, it is possible to avoid a large acceleration / deceleration required for vehicles near the tail of the vehicle group, and to reduce the acceleration / deceleration burden on each vehicle. it can.
- the relative speed of each vehicle is adjusted so that the timing at which the relative speed reaches the peak is delayed as the vehicle moves behind the vehicle group.
- the speed may be changed.
- this vehicle group control method when the inter-vehicle distance in the vehicle group is changed, the relative speed with respect to the vehicle ahead of the host vehicle reaches a peak in order from the vehicle ahead of the vehicle group. Accordingly, the vehicle moves in the vehicle group such that the inter-vehicle distance is changed in order from the front to the rear of the vehicle group. Therefore, even when the number of vehicles constituting the vehicle group is large, it is possible to avoid a large acceleration / deceleration required for vehicles near the tail of the vehicle group, and to reduce the acceleration / deceleration burden on each vehicle. it can.
- the vehicle group control method of the present invention when all the inter-vehicle distances in the vehicle group are widened, after all the subsequent vehicles other than the vehicle in the vehicle group start deceleration simultaneously with respect to the vehicle in the vehicle group, Each succeeding vehicle may be switched to acceleration at each switching timing and accelerated until it becomes equal to the vehicle speed of the leading vehicle, and the switching timing may be delayed as the vehicle moves behind the vehicle group.
- the following vehicle starts to decelerate simultaneously with respect to the leading vehicle, and each succeeding vehicle accelerates in order from the preceding succeeding vehicle and returns to the vehicle speed equal to that of the leading vehicle. Since the deceleration of the following vehicle is started at the same time, all the inter-vehicle distances can be changed simultaneously to some extent, and the inter-vehicle distance can be changed relatively quickly. In addition, although the relative moving distance with respect to the leading vehicle becomes larger as the vehicle behind, the moving time becomes longer because the above-mentioned switching timing is delayed as the vehicle behind, so that it is possible to avoid a great acceleration / deceleration of the vehicle behind. .
- the vehicle group control method of the present invention when all the inter-vehicle distances in the vehicle group are shortened, after all the following vehicles other than the vehicle in the vehicle group start acceleration simultaneously with respect to the vehicle in the vehicle group, Each succeeding vehicle may be switched to deceleration at each switching timing and decelerated until it becomes equal to the vehicle speed of the leading vehicle, and the switching timing may be delayed toward the vehicle behind the vehicle group.
- the following vehicle starts accelerating at the same time with respect to the leading vehicle, and each succeeding vehicle decelerates and returns to the same vehicle speed as the leading vehicle in order from the preceding succeeding vehicle. Since the acceleration of the following vehicle is started at the same time, all the inter-vehicle distances can be changed simultaneously to some extent, and the inter-vehicle distance can be changed relatively quickly. In addition, although the relative moving distance with respect to the leading vehicle becomes larger as the vehicle behind, the moving time becomes longer because the above-mentioned switching timing is delayed as the vehicle behind, so that it is possible to avoid a great acceleration / deceleration of the vehicle behind. .
- the relative speed of the jth vehicle with respect to the j-1th vehicle is Since the relative speed is smoothly changed as shown by the graph having the minimum value, the change in the vehicle distance can be accurately performed with such a smooth change in the relative speed.
- the relative speed of the jth vehicle with respect to the j-1th vehicle is Since the relative speed is smoothly changed as shown by the graph having the maximum value, the change in the distance between the vehicles can be accurately performed with the smooth change of the relative speed.
- the vehicle group control method and the vehicle of the present invention it is possible to accurately change the distance between vehicles with a smooth change in relative vehicle speed during vehicle group travel.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing first to sixth embodiments of a vehicle group traveling control system provided in a vehicle according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating vehicle group traveling realized by the vehicle group traveling control system of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process for changing the inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle group traveling.
- FIG. 4A is a graph showing a target value change pattern of relative acceleration in the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B is a graph showing a target value change pattern of relative speed
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing process.
- FIG. 6A is a graph showing a target value change pattern of relative acceleration in the first embodiment
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing a target value change pattern of relative speed
- FIG. These are the graphs which show the target value change pattern for the change of the front inter-vehicle distance.
- FIG. 7A is a graph showing an example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step
- FIG. 7B is a graph showing each vehicle speed V in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the second embodiment
- 6 is a graph showing an example of changes in 1 to V 4 .
- Figure 8 is a diagram showing a reference position Z that is set in the position of the vehicle C 2.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing another example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing process in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing an example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing another example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the fourth embodiment.
- FIGS. 13A to 13D are graphs showing an example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13A to 13D are graphs showing an example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14A is a graph showing a target value change pattern of relative speed in the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 14B is a graph showing a target value change pattern corresponding to a change in the front inter-vehicle distance
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing another example of changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 in the inter-vehicle distance changing step in the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 16A is a graph showing a target value change pattern of the relative speed in the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 16B is a graph showing a target value change pattern corresponding to a change in the front inter-vehicle distance.
- a vehicle group traveling control system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a system that controls a traveling state of each of the plurality of vehicles so that the plurality of vehicles are assembled and traveled. As shown in FIG. 2, the vehicle group traveling control system 1 realizes vehicle group traveling in which a plurality of vehicles travel in a vertical line with a relatively narrow inter-vehicle distance.
- the number of vehicles constituting the vehicle group is represented by “n”.
- n 4.
- the speed of the vehicle C j is represented by It is represented by “V j ”
- the acceleration command value of the vehicle C j is represented by “u j ”.
- the inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle C j and the vehicle C j + 1 is represented by “L j ”.
- Vr j represents the vehicle C j + 1 of the relative speed V j + 1 -V j with respect to the vehicle C j by "Vr j"
- Vr j represents the vehicle C j + 1 of the relative acceleration a j + 1 -a j with respect to the vehicle C j in the "ar j".
- the traveling method of the vehicle group (in the arrow Y direction) is a plus sign.
- the vehicle C 1 running the top is called the "leading vehicle”
- collectively vehicle C 2 ⁇ C n called a "following vehicle”
- the vehicle C n may be referred to as the “last vehicle”.
- This vehicle group traveling control system 1 can realize vehicle group traveling composed of an arbitrary number of vehicles.
- four vehicles C 1 , C 2 , C 3 are used.
- All the vehicles C 1 to C 4 constituting the vehicle group are each equipped with a vehicle group traveling control system 1 described below.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 1 includes a vehicle control ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 10.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 is an electronic control unit that performs overall control of the vehicle group traveling control system 1.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 is mainly configured by a computer including a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, for example.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 includes an information storage unit 10a that can store information temporarily or for a long period of time. In the information storage unit 10a, vehicle specification information indicating various characteristics of the host vehicle is stored.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 functions as a calculation unit that calculates the acceleration command values u 1 to u 4 of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 by a predetermined calculation described later.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 1 includes sensors for detecting the traveling state of the host vehicle. These sensors include a front inter-vehicle distance sensor 21a, a rear inter-vehicle distance sensor 22a, a vehicle speed sensor 23a, and an acceleration sensor 24a.
- the front inter-vehicle distance sensor 21a can detect the inter-vehicle distance from a vehicle traveling immediately in front of the host vehicle.
- the rear inter-vehicle distance sensor 22a can detect the inter-vehicle distance from a vehicle that travels immediately behind the host vehicle.
- a front inter-vehicle distance sensor 21a and a rear inter-vehicle distance sensor 22a for example, millimeter wave radars provided respectively at the front part and the rear part of the vehicle are employed.
- a signal obtained by the front inter-vehicle distance sensor 21a is processed by the front sensor ECU 21 and transmitted to the vehicle control ECU 10 as front inter-vehicle distance information.
- a signal obtained by the rear inter-vehicle distance sensor 22a is processed by the rear sensor ECU 22 and transmitted to the vehicle control ECU 10 as rear inter-vehicle distance information.
- the vehicle speed sensor 23a can detect the speed of the host vehicle.
- the vehicle speed sensor 23a for example, an electromagnetic pickup sensor that detects the wheel speed is used.
- a signal obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 23a is processed by the vehicle speed sensor ECU 23 and transmitted to the vehicle control ECU 10 as vehicle speed information.
- a gas rate sensor or a gyro sensor is used as the acceleration sensor 24a.
- a signal obtained by the acceleration sensor 24a is processed by the acceleration sensor ECU 24 and transmitted to the vehicle control ECU 10 as acceleration information.
- the front sensor ECU 21, the rear sensor ECU 22, the vehicle speed sensor ECU 23, and the acceleration sensor ECU 24 are connected to the vehicle control ECU 10 through a communication / sensor system CAN 20 constructed as an in-vehicle network.
- the above-described sensors can obtain front inter-vehicle distance information, rear inter-vehicle distance information, vehicle speed information, and acceleration information for the host vehicle.
- the front inter-vehicle distance information, the rear inter-vehicle distance information, the vehicle speed information, and the acceleration information may be collectively referred to as “running state information”.
- the system 1 includes an engine control ECU 31, a brake control ECU 32, and a steering control ECU 33 to perform operations such as acceleration / deceleration and steering of the host vehicle.
- the engine control ECU 31 receives the acceleration command value information transmitted from the vehicle control ECU 10, and operates the throttle actuator 31a and the like with an operation amount corresponding to the acceleration command value.
- the brake control ECU 32 receives the acceleration command value information and operates the brake actuator 32a and the like with an operation amount corresponding to the acceleration command value.
- the steering control ECU 33 receives the steering command value information transmitted from the vehicle control ECU 10, and operates the steering actuator 33a and the like with an operation amount corresponding to the steering command value.
- the engine control ECU 31, the brake control ECU 32, and the steering control ECU 33 are connected to the vehicle control ECU 10 via a control system CAN30 constructed as an in-vehicle network.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 1 includes a wireless antenna 26a and a wireless control ECU 26 in order to exchange mutual traveling state information and the like with other vehicles in the vehicle group.
- Each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 in the vehicle group performs inter-vehicle communication with each other by the wireless antenna 26a and the wireless control ECU 26, and receives vehicle specification information, traveling state information, and acceleration command value information of all other constituent vehicles. While acquiring, the vehicle specification information of the own vehicle, traveling state information, and acceleration command value information are transmitted to another vehicle.
- the vehicle control ECU10 of all the vehicles C 1 ⁇ C 4 vehicle specification information of all the vehicles C 1 ⁇ C 4
- the traveling state information and to share the acceleration command value information it can.
- the vehicles C 1 to C 4 are not limited to the driving state information and the like, and various other information can be shared by inter-vehicle communication.
- the radio control ECU 26 is connected to the vehicle control ECU 10 via the communication / sensor system CAN 20 described above.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 1 is configured to maintain all the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L 3 in the vehicle group equal to the set inter-vehicle distance L based on the set inter-vehicle distance L given from the host application or the driver.
- the running state of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 is controlled.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 1 of the leading vehicle C 1 controls acceleration / deceleration of the host vehicle C 1 based on a feedforward acceleration command value u ff given by a host application or a driver.
- Each vehicle group traveling control system 1 of the following vehicle C m uses the set inter-vehicle distance L as the target inter-vehicle distance, and the inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 ahead of the host vehicle C m is the target inter - vehicle distance. as it will be maintained at a distance L, to control the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle C m.
- the front inter-vehicle distance L m-1 of the vehicle C m, the relative speed Vr m-1 of the preceding vehicle C m-1, the relative acceleration of the preceding vehicle C m-1 ar m- 1 is fed back.
- the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 fed back is acquired from the front inter-vehicle distance sensor 21a.
- the relative speed Vr m-1 is obtained and the vehicle speed V m obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 23a, the vehicle speed V m-1 of to the preceding vehicle C m-1 obtained in vehicle-to-vehicle communication, by calculating the difference.
- Relative acceleration ar m-1 is obtained and the acceleration a m obtained by the acceleration sensor 24a, the acceleration a m-1 of to the preceding vehicle C m-1 obtained in vehicle-to-vehicle communication, by calculating the difference.
- the vehicles C 2 to C 4 each control the running state so as to maintain the front inter-vehicle distance.
- the four vehicles C 1 to C 4 are arranged in a line at equal intervals of the set inter-vehicle distance L.
- a group of vehicles traveling side by side is realized.
- the value of the set inter-vehicle distance L is temporarily stored in the information storage unit 10a of the vehicle control ECU 10, for example.
- inter-vehicle distance changing process the process of changing the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L 3 in accordance with the change of the set inter-vehicle distance L.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 1 of the vehicle C m needs to recognize the rank of the own vehicle in the vehicle group (the value of m: what number the own vehicle is traveling in the vehicle group). Can be derived by, for example, comparing the current positions of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 shared in the inter-vehicle communication.
- each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 may include own vehicle position detection means such as a GPS device in order to acquire the current position of the own vehicle.
- the given change amount Ls is a positive value.
- the target value change pattern includes the target value of the change in the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 used for the acceleration / deceleration control of the vehicle C m , the target value of the relative speed Vr m ⁇ 1 , and the relative acceleration ar m ⁇ 1 .
- This represents a pattern of change with time of the target value from time t 0 to ts.
- the target value change pattern is set based on the change amount Ls and the change time ts.
- the target value Vr (t) of the relative speed Vr m ⁇ 1 at time t is obtained by time-differentiating the target value Lr (t), and consists of two straight lines as shown in FIG. It is expressed by a V-shaped graph.
- the vehicle C m is decelerated relative to the preceding vehicle C m ⁇ 1 at an equal deceleration, and the inter-vehicle distance is changed.
- the vehicle C m is accelerated at a constant acceleration relative to the preceding vehicle C m ⁇ 1 .
- the target value change patterns shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are commonly used for all the vehicles C 1 to C 4 .
- the vehicle control ECU 10 sets L + Lr (t), Vr (t), and ar (t) to the target forward inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1_tgt , the target relative speed Vr m ⁇ 1_tgt , and the target relative acceleration ar m ⁇ 1_tgt, respectively.
- the feedback acceleration command value u fb_m at time t is calculated (S107). Specifically, the feedback acceleration command value u fb_m is calculated by the following equation (1.3).
- u fb_m k ⁇ (L m-1 -L m-1_tgt ) + c ⁇ (Vr m-1 -Vr m-1_tgt ) + f ⁇ (ar m-1 -ar m-1_tgt )... (1.3)
- k, c, and f in Expression (1.3) are predetermined gains, and are stored in advance in the information storage unit 10a of the vehicle control ECU 10, for example.
- the engine control ECU31 is a throttle actuator 31a operated on the basis of the acceleration command value u m received, by the brake control ECU32 is to operate the brake actuator 32a based on the acceleration command value u m received, the vehicle C m Acceleration / deceleration is realized.
- the following formula (1.5) may be used.
- u m u ff '+ u fb_m -ar (t) (1.5)
- u ff ′ is a feedforward acceleration command value of the vehicle C m ⁇ 1 immediately before the host vehicle.
- the set inter-vehicle distance L is updated to a new distance L + Ls (S113).
- each vehicle C 1 -at time t 0 to ts.
- Changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of C 4 are as shown in FIG.
- the vehicles C 1 to C 4 including the vehicle group traveling control system 1 and the vehicle group traveling control method described above, when changing the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L 3 , the distance between the vehicles ahead is determined according to the target value change pattern.
- Each inter-vehicle distance L m-1 is smoothly changed such that the vehicle gradually stops with respect to the preceding vehicle C m-1 .
- the inter-vehicle change can be accurately performed with the smooth relative vehicle speed change between the vehicles C 1 to C 4 .
- the graph of the target value Vr (t) of the relative speed is a V-shaped graph, but is not limited to this.
- the amount of change in the inter-vehicle distance in the above description may be set to ⁇ Ls, and the sign of the amount of change Ls in the above description may be reversed, so that each target value change pattern is as shown in FIG.
- the graph of (c) is inverted up and down with respect to the time axis. That is, the target value Lr (t) for the change in the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 at time t is a curve graph obtained by vertically inverting the graph of FIG. 4C as shown in FIG. expressed. Further, the target value Vr (t) of the relative speed Vr m-1 at time t is obtained by vertically inverting the graph of FIG. 4B as shown in FIG.
- the vehicle C m in the first half of the inter-vehicle distance changing process (0 ⁇ t ⁇ ts / 2), the vehicle C m is relatively accelerated with equal acceleration with respect to the preceding vehicle C m ⁇ 1 . In the second half (ts / 2 ⁇ t ⁇ ts), the vehicle C m is decelerated relatively at a constant deceleration with respect to the preceding vehicle C m ⁇ 1 .
- the target value Vr (t) of the relative speed of each vehicle C m with respect to the preceding vehicle C m ⁇ 1 has a maximum value such as an upwardly convex mountain-shaped graph (see FIG. 6B).
- the inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 is smoothly changed so that the vehicle stops gradually.
- the inter-vehicle change is caused by the smooth relative vehicle speed change between the vehicles C 1 to C 4. It can be performed with high accuracy.
- the graph of the target value Vr (t) of the relative speed is a mountain graph, but is not limited thereto.
- a large burden is imposed on the vehicle near the tail end of the vehicle group, which is not preferable.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 201 when a large burden is generated on the last vehicle C n of the vehicle group when the change amount Ls and the change time ts are followed, the given change time ts is given. Instead, the subsequent processing is performed by applying a longer change time ts ′.
- the specific process is as follows. Note here, in a following distance changing step, the lead vehicle C 1 is assumed to be traveling at a constant speed based on the acceleration command value u ff.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 of the vehicle group traveling control system 201 calculates the minimum value of the vehicle speed V n of the last vehicle C n required during the inter-vehicle distance changing process, given the change amount Ls and the change time ts. .
- n is the number of vehicles constituting the vehicle group.
- the minimum value of the vehicle speed V n is represented by the following formula (2.1).
- V n (minimum value) V 1 ⁇ (n ⁇ 1) ⁇ 4Ls / ts 2 (2.1)
- the allowable condition is V 1- (n-1) ⁇ 4Ls / ts 2 > c (2.2) It becomes.
- the vehicle control ECU10 is the acceleration a n of the end vehicle C n required in the inter-vehicle distance changing step, is calculated.
- Acceleration a n is represented by the following formula (2.3).
- a n
- the vehicle control ECU 10 determines the above formulas (2.2) and (2.4) based on the number n of vehicles constituting the vehicle group, the given change amount Ls, and the vehicle speed V 1 of the leading vehicle C 1.
- the minimum change time ts ′ that satisfies both of the above is calculated.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 adopts the change time ts ′ instead of the change time ts and performs the subsequent processing. Do. Subsequent processing is the same as the processing S103 to S113 (see FIG. 3) in the vehicle group traveling control system 1, and therefore, redundant description is omitted.
- the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 having a large burden as shown in FIG. 7A are requested by an instruction from the host application or the like, as shown in FIG. 7B.
- the burden on the vehicle especially near the tail of the vehicle group is reduced.
- the vehicle including the vehicle group traveling control system 201 and the vehicle group traveling control method described above it is not necessary for the last vehicle C n to decelerate to a low vehicle speed that is equal to or lower than the allowable speed c during the inter-vehicle distance changing process. .
- the vehicle C n is not necessary to perform a large deceleration exceeding the allowable acceleration a th.
- it is possible to avoid sudden acceleration / deceleration switching near the time t ts ′ / 2.
- the change time ts ′ is determined so as to satisfy both of the conditional expressions (2.2) and (2.4), but the present invention is not limited to this, and the conditional expressions (2.2), ( The change time ts ′ may be determined so as to satisfy any one of 2.4).
- the inter-vehicle distance changing step the vehicle close to the leading vehicle C 1, and the vehicle close to the end vehicle C 4 is to perform the acceleration or deceleration in the opposite direction.
- the reference position Z vehicle speed V of the front of the vehicle C 1 than 1 is represented by an upwardly convex chevron graph composed of two straight lines.
- the vehicle speeds V 3 and V 4 of the vehicles C 3 and C 4 behind the reference position Z are represented by a V-shaped graph that is composed of two straight lines and protrudes downward.
- the vehicle C 2 travels at a constant speed during the inter-vehicle distance changing step.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 of the vehicle C m receives the change amount Ls and the change time ts from the upper application etc.
- the acceleration command value u ff of the vehicle C 1 is changed to the acceleration command value u 1 of the following equation (3.1).
- u 1 u ff + k ⁇ ar (t) (3.1)
- ar (t) is a value indicating a temporal change pattern similar to the target value ar (t) of the relative acceleration in the step of reducing the inter-vehicle distance, as shown in FIG. It is.
- k in the formula (3.1) is appropriately determined from the range of 1 ⁇ k ⁇ n ⁇ 1 so as to satisfy the above formula (2.2). That is, the minimum value of the vehicle speed V 4 is, k is determined to exceed the allowable speed c.
- Processing of the vehicle group traveling control system 301 in each vehicle C m after are the same as the processing S103 ⁇ S113 (see FIG. 3) in the vehicle group traveling control system 1, and overlapping description is omitted.
- acceleration command value u 1 such as the above equation (3.1) is given to the lead vehicle C 1
- vehicle speed V 1 of the leading vehicle C 1 is on consists of two straight lines It is expressed by a graph having a convex chevron and a maximum value (see FIG. 9). Accordingly, the graphs of the vehicle speeds V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 also move upward as compared with the graph of FIG. 7A, and as a result, the minimum value of the vehicle speed V 4 should be relatively large. can be, acceleration of the vehicle C 4 can be suppressed relatively small.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 301 is superior to the vehicle group traveling control system 201 in that the change time ts is avoided from becoming long.
- the equation (2.2) is a necessary condition.
- the equation (2.4) may be a necessary condition. It is good also considering both Formula (2.2) and Formula (2.4) as a necessary condition.
- the position of the vehicle C 2 a reference position Z as shown in FIG. 8, the reference position Z, if the position between the leading vehicle C 1 and end vehicle C n of the vehicle group, It may be set at any position.
- the reference position Z may match the position of any of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 , but does not necessarily match the position of any of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 . It may be a position.
- the set position of the reference position Z can be moved back and forth depending on the magnitude of the value of k in the equation (3.1).
- the acceleration and deceleration of each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 may be reversed with respect to the step of increasing the inter-vehicle distance.
- the reference position Z speed V 1 of the front of the vehicle C 1 than (see FIG. 8) is represented by the graph of V-shaped convex under it consists of two straight lines.
- the vehicle speeds V 3 and V 4 of the vehicles C 3 and C 4 behind the reference position Z are represented by an upwardly convex chevron graph composed of two straight lines.
- the vehicle C 2 travels at a constant speed during the inter-vehicle distance changing step.
- the vehicle speed V 1 of the leading vehicle C 1 is represented by a graph having a minimum value that is formed in two straight lines and has a downwardly convex V shape. Accordingly, the graphs of the vehicle speeds V 2 , V 3 , and V 4 also move downward as compared with the graph of FIG. 7A, and as a result, the maximum value of the vehicle speed V 4 should be relatively small. can be, acceleration of the vehicle C 4 can be suppressed relatively small. Therefore, even during the process of reducing the inter-vehicle distance, it is possible to reduce the burden on the tail vehicle C n and the vehicles near the tail without extending the change time ts given from the host application or the like.
- the vehicle C 1 to C 4 starts from a state where the vehicles C 1 to C 4 are stopped at a relatively narrow distance (the vehicle speed is zero) and accelerates to increase the distance between the vehicles, and the vehicles C 1 to C 4 is considered the case to stop at a relatively narrow inter-vehicle distance is shortened vehicle distance (the vehicle speed is zero state) while decelerating, the.
- the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L 3 are fixed within a predetermined time t1 immediately after starting and within a predetermined time t2 immediately before stopping.
- the times t1 and t2 are set in advance based on a time zone during which accurate acceleration / deceleration control of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 is easy, and are stored in advance in the information storage unit 10a of the vehicle control ECU 10, for example. Yes.
- the times t1 and t2 are values of about several seconds.
- vehicle control ECU10 vehicle C m is the change time ts, the following equation (4. Change to ts' in 1).
- ts' ts-t1 (4.1)
- control is performed to keep the inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 ahead of the host vehicle constant. That is, the vehicle control ECU 10 keeps the target value of the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 constant until the time t1 elapses.
- t 0 when the time t1 elapses.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 fixes the target value of the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 at a constant value after time t ′′. According to the above processing by the vehicles C 1 ⁇ C 4, a change in the vehicle speed V 1 ⁇ V 4 of the vehicles C 1 ⁇ C 4 immediately before stopping is as shown in FIG. 12.
- the time zone for fixing the inter-vehicle distance is determined based on the times t1 and t2, but the inter-vehicle distance is fixed when the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of the vehicle group are smaller than the predetermined value Va. Also good.
- the vehicle control ECU 10 calculates the time ta when the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 reach the predetermined value Va based on the acceleration command value uff given from the host application or the like when starting. Further, based on the acceleration command value u ff given from the host application or the like at the time of stop, the time tb for the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 to reach the predetermined value Va is calculated.
- the time ta and tb are applied to the time t1 and t2, respectively, and the same processing as described above is performed.
- the predetermined value Va is set in advance as a lower limit value of the vehicle speed at which accurate acceleration / deceleration control of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 is easy, and is stored in advance in the information storage unit 10a of the vehicle control ECU 10, for example.
- the inter-vehicle distance is kept constant in the time zone immediately after the start of each vehicle C 1 to C 4 where acceleration / deceleration with high accuracy is difficult. Since relatively easy control such as maintaining is performed, it is possible to prevent the simultaneous start and stop timing from being disturbed and the distance between the vehicles in the vehicle group from being disturbed.
- the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L 3 are changed one by one in order from the front. That is, the change of the inter-vehicle distance L 2 is started immediately after the change of the inter-vehicle distance L 1 is completed, and the change of the inter-vehicle distance L 3 is started immediately after the change of the inter-vehicle distance L 2 is completed.
- the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 in the step of increasing the inter-vehicle distance are shown in the graphs of FIGS. 13 (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively.
- the result is as shown in FIG.
- the graph of Vr m (t) in FIG. 14A is derived from the difference between the graph of V m + 1 and the graph of V m in FIG.
- the change pattern of the target value Lr m (t) of the inter-vehicle distance L m of each vehicle C m also differs for each vehicle and is as shown in FIG.
- the change pattern of the target value ar m (t) of the relative acceleration arm m of each vehicle C m is also different for each vehicle, and is obtained by differentiating each target value Vr m (t) with respect to time.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 501 of each vehicle C m shows the change patterns of the target values ar m (t), Vr m (t), and Lr m (t) obtained in this way as shown in FIGS.
- the same control as in the vehicle group traveling control system 1 is performed to increase the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 (S101 to S113 in FIG. 4).
- Such acceleration / deceleration control is performed in each of the vehicles C 2 to C 4 , thereby achieving changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 as shown in FIG.
- the relative speeds Vr 1 to Vr 3 reach the minimum peak as they move backward in the vehicle group.
- the change of the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L n is completed one by one from the front to the rear of the vehicle group. . Therefore, even when the number n of vehicles constituting the vehicle group increases, it can be avoided that a large acceleration / deceleration is required even for vehicles close to the tail of the vehicle group, as can be understood from FIG. The burden of acceleration / deceleration on each vehicle can be reduced.
- each target value ar m ar m
- the change patterns of t), Vr m (t), and Lr m (t) are obtained by vertically inverting the graphs of FIGS. 14A and 14B with respect to the time axis.
- the changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of the respective vehicles are also obtained by vertically inverting the graphs of FIGS. 13A to 13D with respect to the time axis.
- the relative speeds Vr 1 to Vr 3 reach the maximum peak later as the vehicle group moves rearward. Therefore, even in the step of reducing the distance between the vehicles, it is possible to avoid a large acceleration / deceleration required for the vehicle near the tail end of the vehicle group, and to reduce the acceleration / deceleration burden on each vehicle.
- the burden on the vehicle behind the vehicle group during the inter-vehicle distance changing process can be reduced, but there remains a problem that the change time ts becomes longer in proportion to the number of inter-vehicle distances.
- the rear vehicles C 3 and C 4 alternately repeat acceleration and deceleration a plurality of times, which is not efficient. In particular, these problems become more prominent as the number of vehicles constituting the vehicle group increases.
- the relative movement of the following vehicles C 2 , C 3 , C 4 with respect to the leading vehicle C 1 is started at the same time, and the acceleration / deceleration switching timing is delayed in the rear vehicle.
- the switching of acceleration / deceleration of the following vehicles C 2 , C 3 , C 4 is started one by one in order from the front.
- the target value change pattern of each vehicle is changed so that the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 change as shown in the graph of FIG. 15 in the step of increasing the inter-vehicle distance. It is determined.
- the following vehicles C 2 to C 4 are decelerated at the same deceleration.
- time t ⁇ (3) ⁇ ts ′ /
- the vehicle C 4 turns to acceleration.
- Each succeeding vehicles C 2 ⁇ C 4, respectively, to end the acceleration was reached speed V 1 of the leading vehicle C 1.
- the result is as shown in FIG.
- the graph of Vr m (t) in FIG. 16A is derived from the difference between the graph of V m + 1 and the graph of V m in FIG. As shown in FIG.
- the change pattern of the target value Lr m (t) of the inter-vehicle distance L m of each vehicle C m is different for each vehicle and is as shown in FIG.
- the change pattern of the target value ar m (t) of the relative acceleration arm m of each vehicle C m is also different for each vehicle, and is obtained by differentiating each target value Vr m (t) with respect to time.
- the vehicle group traveling control system 601 of each vehicle C m shows the change patterns of the target values ar m (t), Vr m (t), and Lr m (t) obtained in this way as shown in FIGS.
- the same control as in the vehicle group traveling control system 1 is performed to increase the front inter-vehicle distance L m ⁇ 1 (S101 to S113 in FIG. 4).
- Such acceleration / deceleration control is performed in each of the vehicles C 2 to C 4 , thereby achieving changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 as shown in FIG.
- the time t 0m at which the change in the inter-vehicle distance between the vehicle C m ⁇ 1 and the vehicle C m starts is expressed by the following equation (6.1)
- the relative relationship between the vehicle C m ⁇ 1 and the vehicle C m maximum value V rm rate ' is represented by the following formula (6.2)
- the time t 1 m to decrease the relative speed Vr m is initiated is represented by the following formula (6.3)
- the time t 2m at which the process ends is expressed by the following equation (6.4).
- the subsequent vehicles C 2 to C 4 simultaneously start decelerating with respect to the leading vehicle C 1 , and sequentially from the preceding subsequent vehicle.
- the vehicle turns to acceleration and returns to the vehicle speed V 1 that is equal to the leading vehicle C 1 in order.
- all the inter-vehicle distances L 1 to L 3 can be changed to some extent simultaneously, and the inter-vehicle distance can be changed relatively quickly. become.
- the relative movement distance to the leading vehicle C 1 is increased as the rear of the vehicle, a long travel time for the slow switching timing from deceleration as the rear of the vehicle to the acceleration imposed a large acceleration and deceleration at the rear of the vehicle It can be avoided.
- each subsequent vehicle C 2 to C 4 only needs to switch from deceleration to acceleration only once, and is efficient. That is, the vehicle group traveling control system 601 is more than the vehicle group traveling control system 501 in that the change time ts can be shortened and that repeated acceleration / deceleration of each of the subsequent vehicles C 2 to C 4 can be avoided. Is also excellent.
- 16 (a) and 16 (b) are vertically inverted with respect to the time axis. In this case, as can be seen by turning the graph of FIG. 16A upside down, the timing at which the relative speed with the preceding vehicle reaches the maximum peak is delayed as the vehicle goes to the rear. Further, the changes in the vehicle speeds V 1 to V 4 of the respective vehicles are obtained by vertically inverting the graph of FIG.
- the subsequent vehicles C 2 to C 4 start accelerating at the same time with respect to the leading vehicle C 1 , start decelerating sequentially from the preceding succeeding vehicle, and return to the vehicle speed V 1 that is equal to the leading vehicle C 1 in order. That is, the time to return to the same vehicle speed V 1 as the leading vehicle C 1 is delayed as the vehicle goes to the rear.
- the inter-vehicle distance can be changed relatively quickly, and it is possible to avoid a great acceleration / deceleration of the vehicle behind.
- each subsequent vehicle C 2 to C 4 only needs to be switched once from acceleration to deceleration, which is efficient.
- each vehicle group traveling control system provided in each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 performs calculation processing independently in parallel, but the vehicles C 1 to C 4 After the vehicle group traveling control system of any one of the C 4 performs the above calculation process to calculate the acceleration command values u 1 to u 4 , the calculation result is distributed to each other vehicle by inter-vehicle communication. You may do it.
- the method in which each vehicle group traveling control system included in each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 performs calculation processing independently is superior in that no delay due to inter-vehicle communication occurs.
- each vehicle group traveling control system included in each of the vehicles C 1 to C 4 performs calculation processing independently, exchanges calculation results with each other by inter-vehicle communication, and performs a cross check of the calculation results. Also good.
- the vehicle group traveling is performed by four vehicles C 1 to C 4 is described as an example.
- the vehicle group traveling control in the first to sixth embodiments is described. According to the above, it is clear that the vehicle group traveling by an arbitrary number of vehicles can be realized without being limited to four.
- the present invention relates to a vehicle group control method for controlling the traveling of a vehicle group composed of a plurality of vehicles, and a vehicle equipped with such a vehicle group control means. It is possible to accurately change the distance between vehicles with changes.
- vehicle group traveling control system vehicle group control means
- C 1 ⁇ C 4 ... vehicle C 1 ... lead vehicle, C 4 ... end vehicle, L 1 ⁇ L 3 ... inter-vehicle distance, V 1 ⁇ V 4 ... Vehicle speed, Vr 1 to Vr 3 ... relative speed, Z ... reference position.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示す車群走行制御システム1は、複数の車両に車群を組んで走行させるべく、当該複数の車両の各々の走行状態を制御するシステムである。この車群走行制御システム1によって、図2に示すように、複数の車両が比較的狭い車間距離で縦一列に並んで走行する車群走行が実現される。
ここでは、設定車間距離Lの変更に伴い、上位のアプリケーション又はドライバから、変化させるべき車間距離L1~L3の変化量Lsと、車間距離L1~L3の変化にかけるべき変化時間tsとが与えられる。与えられた変化量Ls及び変化時間tsは、車車間通信によって車群内のすべての車両C1~C4に共有される。そして、各車両C1~C4の車群走行制御システム1は、車間距離変更工程の開始時の同期を取り、それぞれ独立して前方車間距離の変更に関する自車両の制御を開始する。
すなわち、この目標値Vr(t)は、
Vr(t)= -(4Ls/ts2)・t (0<t≦ts/2) …(1.1)
Vr(t)= -(4Ls/ts2)・(ts-t) (ts/2<t≦ts) …(1.2)
と表される。
また、時刻tにおける相対加速度arm-1の目標値ar(t)は、目標値Vr(t)を時間微分したものであり、図4(a)に示すように、車間距離変更工程の前半(0<t≦ts/2)ではマイナスの値で一定、後半(ts/2<t≦ts)ではプラスの値で一定である。
ufb_m = k・(Lm-1-Lm-1_tgt)+c・(Vrm-1-Vrm-1_tgt)+f・(arm-1-arm-1_tgt) …(1.3)
ただし、式(1.3)中のk,c,fは、予め定められたゲインであり、例えば、車両制御ECU10の情報記憶部10aに予め記憶されている。なお、式(1.3)において、c=0,f=0としても前方車間距離Lm-1のフィードバック制御は可能であるが、ここでは、c≠0,f≠0とされて、相対速度Vrm-1と相対加速度arm-1も、各目標値Vr(t),ar(t)に沿って変化する。
um = uff+ufb_m-ar(t)・(m-1) …(1.4)
そして、車両制御ECU10は、算出された加速度指令値umを、加速度実現部としてのエンジン制御ECU31とブレーキ制御ECU32に送信する(S109)。このときエンジン制御ECU31は受信した加速度指令値umに基づいてスロットルアクチュエータ31aを操作し、ブレーキ制御ECU32は受信した加速度指令値umに基づいてブレーキアクチュエータ32aを操作することで、車両Cmの加減速が実現される。なおここでは、上記の式(1.4)に代えて、下式(1.5)を用いてもよい。
um = uff'+ufb_m-ar(t) …(1.5)
式(1.5)中のuff'は、自車両の直前の車両Cm-1のフィードフォワード加速度指令値である。
続いて、上位アプリケーション等から、車間距離をLsだけ縮める旨の指示がなされた場合を考える。
すなわち、この目標値Vr(t)は、
Vr(t)= (4Ls/ts2)・t (0<t≦ts/2) …(1.6)
Vr(t)= (4Ls/ts2)・(ts-t) (ts/2<t≦ts) …(1.7)
と表される。
また、時刻tにおける相対加速度arm-1の目標値ar(t)は、図6(a)に示すように、図4(a)のグラフを上下反転させたものであり、車間距離変更工程の前半ではプラスの値で一定、後半ではマイナスの値で一定である。
続いて、本発明に係る車両及び車群制御方法の第2実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の車両C1~C4に搭載される車群走行制御システム201の物理的な構成は、図1に示すように、車群走行制御システム1と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
Vn(最小値)=V1-(n-1)・4Ls/ts2 …(2.1)
そして、図7(b)に示すように、この車速Vnの最小値が所定の許容速度cよりも大であることを許容条件とすれば、
V1-(n-1)・4Ls/ts2>c …(2.2)
となる。
an =|(n-1)・4Ls/ts2| …(2.3)
そして、この加減速度anが所定の許容加減速度athよりも小であることを許容条件とすれば、
|(n-1)・4Ls/ts2| <ath …(2.4)
となる。
続いて、本発明に係る車両及び車群制御方法の第3実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の車両C1~C4に搭載される車群走行制御システム301の物理的な構成は、図1に示すように、車群走行制御システム1と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
例えば、車間距離を広げる工程において、図8に示すように、車両C2の位置に基準位置Zを設定すれば、図9に示すように、基準位置Zよりも前方の車両C1の車速V1は、2つの直線からなり上に凸の山形のグラフで表される。この車速V1のグラフは、t=ts/2において極大値を持っている。また、基準位置Zよりも後方の車両C3,C4の車速V3,V4は、2つの直線からなり下に凸のV字形のグラフで表される。この車速V3,V4のグラフは、共に、t=ts/2において極小値を持っている。また、この場合、車両C2は、車間距離変更工程中に一定速度で走行する。
u1 =uff+k・ar(t) …(3.1)
この式(3.1)中のar(t)は、図6(a)に示されるように、車間距離を縮める工程における相対加速度の目標値ar(t)と同様の経時変化パターンを示す値である。また、式(3.1)中のkは、前述の式(2.2)を満たすように、1<k<n-1の範囲から適宜決定される。すなわち、車速V4の最小値が、許容速度cを超えるようにkが決定される。
車間距離を縮める工程においては、前述の車間距離を広げる工程に対して、各車両C1~C4の加速と減速とを逆にすればよい。この場合、図10に示すように、基準位置Z(図8参照)よりも前方の車両C1の車速V1は、2つの直線からなり下に凸のV字形のグラフで表される。この車速V1のグラフは、t=ts/2において極小値を持っている。また、基準位置Zよりも後方の車両C3,C4の車速V3,V4は、2つの直線からなり上に凸の山形のグラフで表される。この車速V3,V4のグラフは、共に、t=ts/2において極大値を持っている。また、この場合、車両C2は、車間距離変更工程中に一定速度で走行する。
続いて、本発明に係る車両及び車群制御方法の第4実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の車両C1~C4に搭載される車群走行制御システム401の物理的な構成は、図1に示すように、車群走行制御システム1と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
具体的には、車群の発進時に上位アプリケーション等から車間距離の変化量Lsと変化時間tsとが与えられたとき、車両Cmの車両制御ECU10は、変化時間tsを、下式(4.1)のts’に変更する。
ts' =ts-t1 …(4.1)
その後、時間t1が経過するまでの間は、自車の前方の車間距離Lm-1を一定に維持する制御を行う。すなわち、車両制御ECU10は、時間t1が経過するまでの間、前方車間距離Lm-1の目標値を一定に固定する。その後、時間t1が経過した時点でt=0とする。以降の処理は、車群走行制御システム1における処理S105~S113(図3参照)と同様であるので、重複する説明を省略する。各車両C1~C4による上記処理によれば、発進直後における各車両C1~C4の車速V1~V4の変化は、図11に示すようなものとなる。
また、車群の停止前に上位アプリケーション等から車間距離の変化量Lsと変化時間tsとが与えられたとき、車両Cmの車両制御ECU10は、変化時間tsを、下式(4.2)のts”に変更する。
ts” =ts-t2 …(4.2)
その後、車群走行制御システム1における処理S103~S111(図3参照)と同様の処理を行い、t>ts”となった以降は、自車の前方の車間距離Lm-1を一定に維持する制御を行いながら、自車を停止させる。すなわち、車両制御ECU10は、時刻t”以降は、前方車間距離Lm-1の目標値を一定に固定する。各車両C1~C4による上記処理によれば、停止直前における各車両C1~C4の車速V1~V4の変化は、図12に示すようなものとなる。
続いて、本発明に係る車両及び車群制御方法の第5実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の車両C1~C4に搭載される車群走行制御システム501の物理的な構成は、図1に示すように、車群走行制御システム1と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
続いて、本発明に係る車両及び車群制御方法の第6実施形態について説明する。本実施形態の車両C1~C4に搭載される車群走行制御システム601の物理的な構成は、図1に示すように、車群走行制御システム1と同様であるので、重複する説明は省略する。
Claims (13)
- n台の車両(n=2,3,…)で構成される車群の走行を制御する車群制御方法であって、
前記車群内の前からj-1台目の車両とj台目の車両(j=2,3,…,n)との車間を広げるときには、
前記車間の変更中における前記j-1台目の車両に対する前記j台目の車両の相対速度が、時間軸上で極小値を持つグラフで示されるように、当該相対速度を変化させることを特徴とする車群制御方法。 - n台の車両(n=2,3,…)で構成される車群の走行を制御する車群制御方法であって、
前記車群内の前からj-1台目の車両とj台目の車両(j=2,3,…,n)との車間を縮めるときには、
前記車間の変更中における前記j-1台目の車両に対する前記j台目の車両の相対速度が、時間軸上で極大値を持つグラフで示されるように、当該相対速度を変化させることを特徴とする車群制御方法。 - 前記車群内のすべての車間距離を所定の変化量分だけ変更するときには、
前記車両の台数と、前記所定の変化量と、前記車群の先頭車両の車速と、に基づいて前記車間距離の変更にかける時間を決定することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車群内の車間距離を広げる場合に、
前記車群の先頭車両と最後尾車両との間の所定の基準位置よりも前方に位置する車両では、当該車両の前記車間の変更中における車速が、時間軸上で極大値を持つグラフで示されるように当該車速を変化させ、
前記所定の基準位置よりも後方に位置する車両では、当該車両の前記車間の変更中における車速が、時間軸上で極小値を持つグラフで示されるように当該車速を変化させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車群内の車間距離を縮める場合に、
前記車群の先頭車両と最後尾車両との間の所定の基準位置よりも前方に位置する車両では、当該車両の前記車間の変更中における車速が、時間軸上で極小値を持つグラフで示されるように当該車速を変化させ、
前記所定の基準位置よりも後方に位置する車両では、当該車両の前記車間の変更中における車速が、時間軸上で極大値を持つグラフで示されるように当該車速を変化させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車間の変更前における車群の車速がゼロの場合には、車間の変更の開始後の所定の時間内において、前記車群のすべての目標車間距離を固定させ、
前記車間の変更後における車群の車速をゼロとする場合には、車間の変更の終了前の所定の時間内において、前記車群のすべての目標車間距離を固定させることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車群の車速が所定値よりも小さい場合には、前記車群のすべての目標車間距離を固定させることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車群制御方法。
- 前記車群内のすべての車間距離を変更する場合に、
前記車群内の前からk台目の車両とk+1台目の車両(k=2,3,…,n-1)との車間距離の変更は、
前記車群内の前からk-1台目の車両とk台目の車両との車間距離の変更が完了した直後に開始されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車群内の車間距離を変更する場合に、
車群の後方の車両にいくほど、前記相対速度がピークに達するタイミングが遅くなるように、前記各車両の前記相対速度を変化させることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車群内のすべての車間距離を広げる場合に、
車群の先頭車両以外のすべての後続車両に、前記先頭車両に対して同時に減速を開始させた後、
各々の前記後続車両を各々の切り替えタイミングで加速に切り替えて、前記先頭車両の車速と等しくなるまで加速させ、
前記切り替えタイミングは、
車群の後方の車両にいくほど遅くなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車群制御方法。 - 前記車群内のすべての車間距離を縮める場合に、
車群の先頭車両以外のすべての後続車両に、前記先頭車両に対して同時に加速を開始させた後、
各々の前記後続車両を各々の切り替えタイミングで減速に切り替えて、前記先頭車両の車速と等しくなるまで減速させ、
前記切り替えタイミングは、
車群の後方の車両にいくほど遅くなることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車群制御方法。 - n台の車両(n=2,3,…)で構成される車群の走行を制御する車群制御手段を備えた車両であって、
前記車群制御手段は、
前記車群内の前からj-1台目の車両とj台目の車両(j=2,3,…,n)との車間を広げるときには、
前記車間の変更中における前記j-1台目の車両に対する前記j台目の車両の相対速度が、時間軸上で極小値を持つグラフで示されるように、当該相対速度を変化させることを特徴とする車両。 - n台の車両(n=2,3,…)で構成される車群の走行を制御する車群制御手段を備えた車両であって、
前記車群制御手段は、
前記車群内の前からj-1台目の車両とj台目の車両(j=2,3,…,n)との車間を縮めるときには、
前記車間の変更中における前記j-1台目の車両に対する前記j台目の車両の相対速度が、時間軸上で極大値を持つグラフで示されるように、当該相対速度を変化させることを特徴とする車両。
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CN2009801371754A CN102216965B (zh) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-05-11 | 车组控制方法及车辆 |
PCT/JP2009/058768 WO2010131324A1 (ja) | 2009-05-11 | 2009-05-11 | 車群制御方法及び車両 |
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WO2011013202A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両制御装置、車両制御方法及び車両制御システム |
DE112009005105B4 (de) | 2009-07-29 | 2021-11-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fahrzeugsteuerung, steuerverfahren für ein fahrzeug und steuersystem für ein fahrzeug |
EP2698776B1 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2019-05-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle control device and vehicle control method |
JP5668741B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-04 | 2015-02-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 隊列走行装置 |
US9633565B2 (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2017-04-25 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Active safety system and method for operating the same |
EP2881926B1 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2021-08-04 | Volvo Car Corporation | Method and control system for controlling movement of a group of road vehicles |
US10497268B2 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-12-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and method for virtual flight interval management |
CN109993965B (zh) * | 2018-01-02 | 2021-03-30 | 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 | 目标速度计算方法及装置、mec服务器及存储介质 |
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