WO2010147163A1 - 排ガス浄化用触媒、粉末材料、及び排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒、粉末材料、及び排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010147163A1 WO2010147163A1 PCT/JP2010/060246 JP2010060246W WO2010147163A1 WO 2010147163 A1 WO2010147163 A1 WO 2010147163A1 JP 2010060246 W JP2010060246 W JP 2010060246W WO 2010147163 A1 WO2010147163 A1 WO 2010147163A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- slurry
- catalyst
- alkaline earth
- earth metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 314
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 134
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 213
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 99
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynylpurin-8-one Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N(C(N(C2=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- -1 alkaline earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 9
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2042—Barium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2045—Calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/40—Mixed oxides
- B01D2255/407—Zr-Ce mixed oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
- B01D2255/9022—Two layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/30—Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
- Y10T428/24157—Filled honeycomb cells [e.g., solid substance in cavities, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
- Y10T428/24165—Hexagonally shaped cavities
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying catalyst.
- the three-way catalyst contains a noble metal as a catalyst metal.
- the noble metal promotes the oxidation reaction of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) and the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxide (NO x ).
- noble metals especially palladium and platinum, are susceptible to poisoning by HC. When such poisoning occurs, the reduction reaction of NO x hardly occurs.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-207183 describes an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising a heat-resistant inorganic oxide, a cerium-based composite oxide supporting palladium, and a sulfate that suppresses poisoning of palladium by HC. ing.
- a heat-resistant inorganic oxide zirconia, alumina, silica, titania and magnesia are described.
- sulfates sulfates of barium, calcium, strontium, cesium, potassium, magnesium, yttrium and lanthanum are described.
- This exhaust gas-purifying catalyst is obtained by immersing a monolith substrate in a slurry containing a heat-resistant inorganic oxide, a cerium-based composite oxide supporting palladium, and a sulfate, and drying the monolith substrate pulled up from the slurry. Can be obtained.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst adopting the above configuration exhibits excellent NO x purification performance even after being used for a long period of time. However, the inventors believe that even better performance can be achieved.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique advantageous for improving the NO x purification performance after long-term use.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising a base material and a first catalyst layer supported by the base material, wherein the first catalyst layer comprises a first support made of alumina, A first oxygen storage material, an alkaline earth metal and / or an alkaline earth metal compound selectively supported by the surface of the first carrier and dispersed on the surface of the first carrier; A ratio of the number of moles of alkaline earth metal in the first catalyst layer to the volume of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst is 0.0004 mol / L to 0.35 mol / An exhaust gas purifying catalyst in the range of L is provided.
- the support made of alumina and the alkaline earth supported on the surface of the support, dispersed on the surface of the support, and having an average particle diameter in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm.
- a powder material for an exhaust gas purifying catalyst which contains a metal and / or alkaline earth metal compound and does not contain an oxygen storage material.
- an alkaline earth metal compound and optionally an aqueous sodium salt solution are added to a first slurry that does not contain an oxygen storage material and contains an alumina support, an organic solvent, and a carboxylic acid.
- Adding, drying and firing the first slurry to which the alkaline earth metal compound has been added to obtain a powder material containing the carrier and the alkaline earth metal compound supported on the surface of the carrier.
- a method for producing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including calcination is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of catalyst for exhaust gas purification shown in FIG. The figure which expands and shows a part of exhaust gas purification catalyst shown in FIG.
- Graph showing an example of influence of the amount of alkaline earth metal on the NO x purification performance after endurance test.
- the photomicrograph of the catalyst which concerns on the example of this invention. The microscope picture of the catalyst which concerns on a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst shown in FIG.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a monolith catalyst.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 includes a substrate 2 such as a monolith honeycomb substrate.
- the substrate 2 is typically made of ceramics such as cordierite.
- the catalyst layer 3 is formed on the partition wall of the substrate 2.
- the catalyst layer 3 includes a support 31, an alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32, an oxygen storage material 33, and a noble metal 34.
- the carrier 31 is particles made of alumina.
- the support 31 plays a role of increasing the specific surface area of the noble metal 34 and suppressing the sintering of the noble metal 34 by dissipating heat generated by the catalytic reaction.
- the average particle diameter of the carrier 31 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and typically in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the “average particle size” means a value obtained by the following method.
- a part of the catalyst layer 3 is removed from the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- an SEM image of this sample is taken at a magnification in the range of 1000 to 50000 times.
- particles that are visible as a whole are selected, and the area of each selected particle is determined. The diameters of circles having an area equal to these areas are calculated, and the arithmetic average of these diameters is obtained. This arithmetic average is taken as the average particle size.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is supported on the surface of the carrier 31.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is dispersed on the surface of the carrier 31.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is uniformly dispersed in the form of particles on the surface of the carrier 31.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 suppresses poisoning of noble metals 34, particularly palladium and / or platinum by HC.
- the alkaline earth metal is, for example, barium, calcium, strontium, or a combination thereof.
- the alkaline earth metal compound 32 is, for example, an alkaline earth metal salt.
- the alkaline earth metal salt is, for example, a sulfate such as barium sulfate, a nitrate such as barium nitrate, an acetate such as barium acetate, a carbonate such as barium carbonate, or a combination thereof.
- the alkaline earth metal compound may be an alkaline earth metal compound other than a salt.
- the alkaline earth metal compound other than the salt is, for example, an oxide such as barium oxide.
- the alkaline earth metal compound may be a mixture containing a salt such as a mixture containing barium sulfate and barium acetate and a compound other than a salt such as barium oxide.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 has a smaller average particle size than the carrier 31.
- the average particle size of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is, for example, in the range of 5 nm to 400 nm, and typically in the range of 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the ratio of the average particle size of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 to the average particle size of the support 31 is, for example, in the range of 0.0001 to 0.8, typically 0.0005 to 0. Within the range of .02.
- the “average particle size” means a value obtained by the following method.
- a part of the catalyst layer 3 is removed from the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1.
- an SEM image of this sample is taken at a magnification within the range of 50000 to 200000 times.
- the particles that are visible as a whole are selected, and the area of each selected particle is determined. The diameters of circles having an area equal to these areas are calculated, and the arithmetic average of these diameters is obtained. This arithmetic average is taken as the average particle size.
- the ratio of the number of moles of alkaline earth metal in the catalyst layer 3 to the volume of the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is within the range of 0.0004 mol / L to 0.35 mol / L, for example, 0.000428 mol / L to 0.343 mol. / L, typically in the range of 0.0129 mol / L to 0.0857 mol / L.
- this ratio is small or large, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve excellent NO x purification ability and excellent HC and CO purification ability.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is typically uniformly dispersed in the form of particles on the surface of the carrier 31. As will be described later, typically, most of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is supported on the carrier 31.
- the correlation coefficient ⁇ Al, AE obtained by the following method is, for example, 0.55 or more, and typically 0.79 or more. Further, this correlation coefficient ⁇ Al, AE is, for example, 0.90 or less, and typically 0.85 or less.
- intersection P i is a natural number of 1 to 350.
- characteristic X-ray intensity IAl, i corresponding to aluminum and characteristic X-ray intensity I AE, i corresponding to an alkaline earth metal element are used. And measure. Based on these measured values, a correlation coefficient ⁇ Al, AE represented by the following formula (1) is obtained.
- C Al, AE is the covariance between the intensity I Al, i and the intensity I AE, i .
- the covariance C Al, AE is represented by the following formula (2).
- ⁇ Al and ⁇ AE are standard deviations of the intensities I Al, i and I AE, i , respectively.
- Standard deviations ⁇ Al and ⁇ AE are expressed by the following equations (3) and (4), respectively.
- I Al, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I Al, i represented by the following formula (5).
- I AE, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I AE, i represented by the following formula (6).
- Alkaline earth metal and / or a part of the compound 32 may not be supported on the carrier 31.
- a part of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 may be supported on the surface of the oxygen storage material 33.
- the heat resistance of the oxygen storage material 33 decreases. Therefore, it is desirable that the amount of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 not supported on the carrier 31 is small.
- the number of first particles of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 not in contact with the support 31 is compared with, for example, the number of second particles of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 in contact with the support 31. And less.
- the ratio of the first particle number to the second particle number is 0.80 or less.
- almost all of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 is supported on the carrier 31. In this case, the presence of the alkaline earth metal or its compound inevitably dropped from the carrier 31 is not excluded.
- the number of first and second particles is determined by the following method. First, a part of the catalyst layer 3 is removed from the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1. Next, an SEM image of this sample is taken at a magnification within the range of 1000 to 200000 times. Next, particles that are not in contact with the carrier 31 are counted from the alkaline earth metal particles and the alkaline earth metal compound particles shown in the SEM image. This number is defined as the first particle number. Further, the particles in contact with the carrier 31 are counted from the alkaline earth metal particles and alkaline earth metal compound particles reflected in the previous SEM image. This number is the second particle number.
- the alkaline earth metal and / or the alkaline earth metal compound 32 is selectively supported by the surface of the carrier 31.
- “selectively supported” means that almost all of the alkaline earth metal and / or alkaline earth metal compound 32 is supported on the carrier 31. In this case, the presence of the alkaline earth metal or its compound inevitably dropped from the carrier 31 is not excluded.
- the oxygen storage material 33 selects the alkaline earth metal and / or alkaline earth metal compound 32.
- the exhaust gas purification performance is superior compared to the case where the carrier 31 and the oxygen storage material 33 carry the alkaline earth metal and / or the alkaline earth metal compound 32 evenly. Can be achieved.
- the oxygen storage material 33 is in the form of particles and is substantially uniformly mixed with the carrier 31 in the catalyst layer 3.
- the oxygen storage material 33 stores oxygen under oxygen-excess conditions and releases oxygen under oxygen-diluted conditions to optimize the HC and CO oxidation reaction and the NO x reduction reaction.
- the oxygen storage material 33 is, for example, ceria, a composite oxide of ceria and another metal oxide, or a mixture thereof.
- a composite oxide of ceria and zirconia can be used.
- the oxygen storage material 33 may not carry the noble metal 34 or may carry a part of the noble metal 34. Generally, when a trace amount of noble metal is supported on an oxygen storage material, the oxygen storage capacity is improved.
- the correlation coefficient ⁇ Ce, AE obtained by the following method is, for example, 0.70 or less, and typically 0.50 or less.
- intersection point P j is a natural number from 1 to 350.
- the characteristic X-ray intensity I Ce, j corresponding to cerium and the characteristic X-ray intensity I AE, j corresponding to the alkaline earth metal element are measured using EPMA. Based on these measured values, a correlation coefficient ⁇ Ce, AE represented by the following formula (7) is obtained.
- C Ce, AE is the covariance of the intensity I Ce, j and the intensity I AE, j .
- the covariance C Ce, AE is represented by the following formula (8).
- ⁇ Ce and ⁇ AE are standard deviations of the intensities I Ce, j and I AE, i , respectively.
- the standard deviations ⁇ Ce and ⁇ AE are expressed by the following formulas (9) and (10), respectively.
- I Ce, av is an arithmetic mean value of the strength I Ce, j represented by the following formula (11).
- I AE, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I AE, j represented by the following formula (12).
- the noble metal 34 is supported on the carrier 31 or the carrier 31 and the oxygen storage material 33 in the form of particles.
- the noble metal 34 promotes the oxidation reaction of HC and CO and the reduction reaction of NO x . Further, the noble metal 34 carried on the oxygen storage material 33 improves the oxygen storage capacity of the oxygen storage material 33 as described above.
- the noble metal 34 is, for example, one or more platinum group elements.
- the platinum group element is, for example, palladium, platinum, or rhodium.
- the noble metal 34 is palladium and / or platinum.
- the noble metal 34 has a smaller average particle diameter than the carrier 31.
- the average particle diameter of the noble metal 34 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 nm to 20 nm, and typically in the range of 1 nm to 10 nm.
- the “average particle size” means a value obtained by the same method as described for the average particle size of the alkaline earth metal and / or compound 32 thereof.
- the ratio of the mass of the noble metal 34 to the mass of the alkaline earth metal and / or its compound 32 in terms of sulfate is, for example, in the range of 1/80 to 10.
- the carrier 31 is superior in heat resistance to the oxygen storage material 33 and suppresses sintering of the noble metal.
- the ability to do is higher. Therefore, for example, 0.01% by mass or more of the noble metal 34 is supported on the carrier 31.
- the density of the noble metal 34 on the support 31 is equal to or higher than the density of the noble metal 34 on the oxygen storage material 33.
- the correlation coefficient ⁇ PM, AE obtained by the following method is, for example, 0.49 or more, and typically 0.70 or more. Further, the correlation coefficient ⁇ PM, AE is, for example, 0.81 or less, and typically 0.76 or less.
- intersection point P k is a natural number from 1 to 350.
- the characteristic X-ray intensity I PM, k corresponding to the noble metal and the characteristic X-ray intensity I AE, k corresponding to the alkaline earth metal element are measured using EPMA. Then, based on these measured values, a correlation coefficient ⁇ PM, AE represented by the following equation (13) is obtained.
- C PM, AE is a covariance between the intensity I PM, k and the intensity I AE, k .
- the covariance C PM, AE is expressed by the following formula (14).
- ⁇ PM and ⁇ AE are standard deviations of the intensities I PM, k and I AE, k , respectively.
- the standard deviations ⁇ PM and ⁇ AE are expressed by the following equations (15) and (16), respectively.
- I PM, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I PM, k represented by the following formula (17).
- I AE, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I AE, k represented by the following formula (18).
- the catalyst layer 3 may contain other components in addition to the components described above.
- the catalyst layer 3 may further include a rare earth element such as neodymium, lanthanum, praseodymium and yttrium or a compound thereof.
- the additional components may be present in the form of particles independent of the carrier 31, alkaline earth metal and / or compound 32, oxygen storage material 33 and noble metal 34.
- additional components may be included in the compounds exemplified for the oxygen storage material 33.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 In the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1, most of the noble metal 34 is in contact with the alkaline earth metal and / or the compound 32 or is located in the vicinity of the alkaline earth metal and / or the compound 32. Therefore, the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 hardly causes poisoning of the noble metal 34 by HC.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 exhibits excellent NO x purification performance even after being used for a long period of time.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, a slurry containing alumina powder, an organic solvent such as toluene, and a carboxylic acid such as a combination of lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid is prepared.
- the organic solvent for example, a nonpolar solvent such as toluene is used.
- the carboxylic acid for example, a combination of a fluorocarboxylic acid in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom and a carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is unsubstituted is used.
- the fluorocarboxylic acid for example, trifluoroacetic acid is used.
- the carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is unsubstituted for example, lauric acid is used.
- an alkaline earth metal compound for example, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal such as barium oxide
- an aqueous sodium salt solution such as an aqueous sodium sulfate solution is added as necessary.
- This slurry is stirred, for example, at 65 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the slurry is filtered.
- the resulting filter cake is dried and subsequently calcined at, for example, 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the first composite particles composed of the alumina particles 31 and the alkaline earth metal compound 32 supported on the surfaces thereof are obtained as a powder material.
- a slurry containing the first composite particles, the oxygen storage material 33, and an aqueous solution of a noble metal compound is prepared.
- This slurry is coated on a substrate 2 such as a monolith honeycomb substrate.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is obtained by drying the coating film and further firing it.
- the noble metal 34 is not supported only on the first composite particles but also supported on the oxygen storage material 33.
- the noble metal 34 is supported only on the first composite particles, for example, the following method is used.
- a slurry containing the above-described first composite particles and an aqueous solution of a noble metal compound is prepared.
- the noble metal in the slurry is deposited on the first composite particles.
- the slurry is filtered, and the filter cake is dried and further baked.
- the second composite particles composed of the alumina particles 31 and the alkaline earth metal compound 32 and the noble metal 34 supported on the surfaces thereof are obtained as a powder material.
- a slurry containing the second composite particles, the oxygen storage material 33, and water is prepared.
- This slurry is coated on a substrate 2 such as a monolith honeycomb substrate.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is obtained by drying the coating film and further firing it.
- the present inventors can carry the fine alkaline earth metal compound 32 uniformly on the surface of the alumina particles 31 by these methods. I think it is street. Hereinafter, a case where a combination of lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid is used as the carboxylic acid and toluene is used as the organic solvent will be described as an example.
- the alkaline earth metal compound can be supported on the surface of the alumina particles by adding an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal acetate to a slurry obtained by dispersing alumina particles in water and further adding sulfuric acid, for example. it can.
- alkaline earth metal sulfates that are reaction products aggregate together. Therefore, a fine alkaline earth metal compound cannot be uniformly supported on the surface of the alumina particles.
- the negatively charged carboxyl group of certain lauric acid is electrostatically bonded to alkaline earth metal compound particles whose surface is positively charged. Further, negatively charged carboxyl groups of other lauric acids are electrostatically bonded to alumina particles whose surfaces are positively charged. Alkaline earth metal compound particles and alumina particles bonded with lauric acid exhibit higher dispersibility in toluene than alkaline earth metal compound particles and alumina particles not bonded with lauric acid. In toluene, the carboxyl group of lauric acid can interact with trifluoroacetic acid. That is, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid promote the close proximity of alkaline earth metal compound particles and alumina particles. Therefore, according to the above method, the fine alkaline earth metal compound 32 can be uniformly supported on the surfaces of the alumina particles 31.
- an unsubstituted carboxylic acid having a small molecular weight has a low effect of enhancing the dispersibility of the particles because the hydrophobicity of the alkyl group is low. Accordingly, as the unsubstituted carboxylic acid, for example, one having an alkyl group having 9 to 13 carbon atoms is used.
- a powder material having an average particle size of an alkaline earth metal compound in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm is produced as an intermediate product.
- the “average particle diameter” is measured by the same method as described above for the alkaline earth metal and / or compound 32 thereof.
- a powder material having a correlation coefficient ⁇ 0 Al, AE of 0.80 or more typically, the correlation coefficient ⁇ 0 Al, AE is within a range of 0.80 to 0.90.
- a powder material is produced as an intermediate product.
- the correlation coefficient ⁇ 0 Al, AE is obtained by the following method.
- an SEM image of the powder material is taken at a magnification within a range of 1000 to 50000 times, for example.
- particles that are visible as a whole are selected from the particles shown in the SEM image, such as alumina particles and oxygen storage material particles.
- C0 Al, AE is the covariance between the intensity I0 Al, n and the intensity I0 AE, n .
- the covariance C0 Al, AE is represented by the following formula (20).
- ⁇ 0 Al and ⁇ 0 AE are standard deviations of the intensities I0 Al, n and I0 AE, n , respectively.
- Standard deviations ⁇ 0 Al and ⁇ 0 AE are expressed by the following equations (21) and (22), respectively.
- I0 Al, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I0 Al, i represented by the following formula (23).
- I0 AE, av is an arithmetic mean value of the intensity I0 AE, i represented by the following formula (24).
- an ultra-high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope S-4800 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation can be used.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to one modification.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is the same as the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the following configuration is adopted.
- the catalyst layer 3 has a multilayer structure. Specifically, the catalyst layer 3 includes a first catalyst layer 3a and a second catalyst layer 3b.
- the first catalyst layer 3a is interposed between the base material 2 and the second catalyst layer 3b.
- the first catalyst layer 3a is the same as the catalyst layer 3 of the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the noble metal 34 is palladium and / or platinum.
- the second catalyst layer 3b covers the first catalyst layer 3a.
- the noble metal 34 is rhodium
- the alkaline earth metal and / or the compound 32 is an optional component, except that the exhaust gas purifying catalyst 1 described with reference to FIGS. The same as the catalyst layer 3.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 When this configuration is adopted, poisoning of the noble metal 34 included in the first catalyst layer 3a by HC can be suppressed. Therefore, the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 also exhibits excellent NO x purification performance even after being used for a long period of time.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to another modification.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is the same as the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 described with reference to FIG. 4 except that the stacking order of the first catalyst layer 3a and the second catalyst layer 3b is reversed.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 When this configuration is adopted, poisoning of the noble metal 34 included in the first catalyst layer 3a by HC can be suppressed. Therefore, the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 also exhibits excellent NO x purification performance even after being used for a long period of time.
- the catalyst layer 3 of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst 1 may have a multilayer structure.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- Barium oxide was added to the slurry, and an aqueous sodium sulfate solution was further added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 0.05 g of barium sulfate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P1”.
- a slurry containing 90.05 g of powder P1, 100 g of oxygen storage material, and an aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 1 g of palladium was prepared.
- the oxygen storage material a cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder having a mass ratio of ceria to zirconia of 7/3 was used.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S1”.
- the monolith honeycomb substrate 2 made of cordierite was coated with the entire amount of the slurry S1.
- a monolith honeycomb substrate having a length of 100 mm, a volume of 1.0 L, and 900 cells per square inch was used. This coating film was dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereby, the catalyst layer 3 was formed on the monolith honeycomb substrate 2.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C1”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- powder P2 The powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 0.1 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained by the same method as described above for the powder P1.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P2”.
- slurry S2 a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above for the slurry S1, except that 90.1 g of powder P2 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S2”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S2 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C2”.
- powder P3 a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 10 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P3”.
- slurry S3 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1 except that 100 g of the powder P3 was used instead of 90.05 g of the powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S3”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S3 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C3”.
- powder P4 The powder consisting of 90 g of alumina particles and 80 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained by the same method as described above for the powder P1. Hereinafter, this powder is referred to as “powder P4”.
- slurry S4 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1, except that 170 g of powder P4 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S4”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S4 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C4”.
- powder P5 a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 100 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P5”.
- slurry S5 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1 except that 190 g of powder P5 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S5”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S5 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C5”.
- a cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder having a ceria mass ratio of 3/7 to zirconia was used instead of the cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder having a ceria mass ratio of 7/3 to zirconia.
- the slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S6”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S6 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C6”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- strontium oxide was added, and further an aqueous sodium sulfate solution was added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 7.9 g of strontium sulfate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P6”.
- slurry S7 a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above for the slurry S1 except that 97.9 g of the powder P6 was used instead of 90.05 g of the powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S7”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S7 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C7”.
- powder P7 The powder consisting of 90 g of alumina particles and 100 g of strontium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained in the same manner as described above for the powder P6.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P7”.
- slurry S8 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1, except that 190 g of powder P7 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S8”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S8 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C8”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- Calcium oxide was added to the slurry, and an aqueous sodium sulfate solution was further added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 5.9 g of calcium sulfate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P8”.
- slurry S9 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1 except that 95.9 g of powder P8 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S9”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S9 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C9”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 100 g of calcium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained by the same method as described above for the powder P8.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P9”.
- slurry S10 a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above for the slurry S1, except that 190 g of powder P9 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S10”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S10 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C10”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- Barium oxide was added to the slurry, and an aqueous sodium carbonate solution was further added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 8.4 g of barium carbonate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P10”.
- slurry S11 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1 except that 98.4 g of the powder P10 was used instead of 90.05 g of the powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S11”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S11 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C11”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- Barium oxide was added to the slurry, and an aqueous sodium acetate solution was further added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 10.9 g of barium acetate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P11”.
- slurry S12 a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above for the slurry S1, except that 100.9 g of the powder P11 was used instead of 90.05 g of the powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S12”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S12 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C12”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared. Barium oxide was added into the slurry. The slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered. The resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours. As described above, a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 6.5 g of barium oxide supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained. Hereinafter, this powder is referred to as “powder P12”.
- slurry S13 a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S1 except that 96.5 g of the powder P12 was used instead of 90.05 g of the powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S13”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S13 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C13”.
- a slurry containing alumina powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- Barium oxide was added to the slurry, and an aqueous sodium nitrate solution was further added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 11.1 g of barium nitrate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P13”.
- slurry S14 a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above for the slurry S1 except that 101.1 g of powder P13 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S14”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S14 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C14”.
- aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 1 g of palladium an aqueous rhodium nitrate solution containing 1 g of rhodium was used. Except for this, a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S3. Hereinafter, this slurry is referred to as “slurry S15”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S15 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C15”.
- slurry S16 a slurry prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S5.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S16”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S16 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C16”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- slurry S17 a dinitrodiamine platinum nitric acid solution containing 1 g of platinum was used. Except for this, a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S3. Hereinafter, this slurry is referred to as “slurry S17”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S17 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C17”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was produced by the following method.
- slurry S18 a dinitrodiamine platinum nitric acid solution containing 1 g of platinum was used. Except for this, a slurry was prepared by the same method as described above for the slurry S5. Hereinafter, this slurry is referred to as “slurry S18”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S18 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C18”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIG. 4 was produced by the following method.
- Half of the slurry S3 was coated on the same monolith honeycomb substrate 2 used in the production of the catalyst C1. This coating film was dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereby, the catalyst layer 3 a was formed on the monolith honeycomb substrate 2.
- slurry S19 a slurry containing 45 g of alumina powder, 50 g of oxygen storage material, and an aqueous rhodium nitrate solution containing 0.5 g of rhodium was prepared.
- oxygen storage material the same material as used in the preparation of the slurry S1 was used.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S19”.
- the entire monolith honeycomb substrate 2 was coated with the whole amount of the slurry S19.
- This coating film was dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereby, the catalyst layer 3b was formed on the catalyst layer 3a.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIG. 4 was completed.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C19”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIG. 4 was produced by the following method.
- powder P14 The powder consisting of 45 g of alumina particles and 100 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained by the same method as described above for the powder P1. Hereinafter, this powder is referred to as “powder P14”.
- slurry S20 a slurry containing 145 g of powder P14, 50 g of oxygen storage material, and an aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 0.5 g of palladium was prepared.
- oxygen storage material the same material as used in the preparation of the slurry S1 was used.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S20”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIG. 4 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C19 except that the entire amount of the slurry S20 was used instead of using half of the slurry S3.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C20”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIG. 5 was produced by the following method.
- the same monolith honeycomb substrate 2 as that used in the production of the catalyst C1 was coated with the entire amount of the slurry S19. This coating film was dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereby, the catalyst layer 3 b was formed on the monolith honeycomb substrate 2.
- the monolith honeycomb substrate 2 was coated with half of the slurry S3. This coating film was dried at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then baked at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereby, the catalyst layer 3a was formed on the catalyst layer 3b.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIG. 5 was completed.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C21”.
- the slurry S3 described above was used except that an aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 0.5 g palladium and an aqueous rhodium nitrate solution containing 0.5 g rhodium were used instead of the aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 1 g palladium.
- a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above. Hereinafter, this slurry is referred to as “slurry S21”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S21 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C22”.
- a slurry containing 90 g alumina powder, 10 g barium sulfate powder, 100 g oxygen storage material, and an aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 1 g palladium was prepared.
- the barium sulfate powder one having an average particle diameter of 1.8 ⁇ m was used.
- the oxygen storage material the same material as used in the preparation of the slurry S1 was used. Hereinafter, this slurry is referred to as “slurry S22”.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S22 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C23”.
- a slurry containing cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder, toluene, lauric acid and trifluoroacetic acid was prepared.
- the cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder the same powder as that used in the preparation of the slurry S1 was used. Barium oxide was added to the slurry, and an aqueous sodium sulfate solution was further added. The slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered. The resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 100 g of cerium-zirconium composite oxide particles and 10 g of barium sulfate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P15”.
- slurry S23 a slurry containing 110 g of powder P15, 90 g of alumina powder, and an aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 1 g of palladium was prepared.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S23”.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S23 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C24”.
- a slurry containing 90 g alumina powder, an aqueous solution containing 10.9 g of barium acetate, 100 g of an oxygen storage material, and an aqueous palladium nitrate solution containing 1 g of palladium was prepared.
- the oxygen storage material the same material as used in the preparation of the slurry S1 was used.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S24”.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S24 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C25”.
- a slurry containing alumina powder and water was prepared.
- An aqueous barium acetate solution was added to the slurry, and sulfuric acid was further added.
- the slurry was stirred at 65 ° C. for 24 hours and then filtered.
- the resulting filter cake was dried and subsequently calcined at 240 ° C. for 12 hours.
- a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 10 g of barium sulfate supported on the surfaces thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P16”.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1, except that 100 g of powder P16 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C26”.
- a slurry containing 90 g alumina powder, 10 g barium sulfate powder, 100 g oxygen storage material, palladium nitrate aqueous solution containing 1 g palladium, and 10 g citric acid was prepared.
- the barium powder one having an average particle diameter of 0.021 ⁇ m was used.
- the oxygen storage material the same material as used in the preparation of the slurry S1 was used. Hereinafter, this slurry is referred to as “slurry S25”.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S25 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C27”.
- powder P17 a powder composed of 90 g of alumina particles and 3 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P17”.
- slurry S26 a slurry was prepared in the same manner as described above for the slurry S1 except that 93.0 g of the powder P17 was used instead of 90.05 g of the powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S26”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S26 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C28”.
- the powder consisting of 90 g of alumina particles and 20 g of barium sulfate supported on the surface thereof was obtained by the same method as described above for the powder P1.
- this powder is referred to as “powder P18”.
- slurry S27 a slurry was prepared by the same method as that described above for the slurry S1, except that 110.0 g of powder P18 was used instead of 90.05 g of powder P1.
- this slurry is referred to as “slurry S27”.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was completed by the same method as described above for the catalyst C1 except that the slurry S27 was used instead of the slurry S1.
- the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst 1 is referred to as “catalyst C29”.
- CZ indicates that cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder having a mass ratio of ceria to zirconia of 7/3 was used as an oxygen storage material.
- ZC represents that a cerium-zirconium composite oxide powder having a mass ratio of ceria to zirconia of 3/7 was used as an oxygen storage material.
- the “OSC material” means an oxygen storage material.
- the catalysts C1 to C22, C28, and C29 were superior in NO x purification performance after the durability test compared to the catalysts C23 and C24.
- the catalysts C2 to C4, C6, C7, C9, C11 to C15, C17, C19, C21, C22, C28 and C29 are compared with the catalysts C1, C5, C8, C10, C16, C18, and C23 to C27. And showed excellent performance after the endurance test.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the influence of the amount of alkaline earth metal on the NO x purification performance after the durability test.
- the horizontal axis represents the amount of alkaline earth metal
- the vertical axis represents the NO x emission after the durability test.
- FIG. 6 shows data obtained for the catalysts C1 to C5, C28, and C29.
- a test piece having a cubic shape with a side length of 1 cm was cut out from each of the catalysts C2 and C23.
- Each catalyst layer of these test pieces was photographed using a field emission SEM.
- the magnification was set to 200000 times.
- the magnification was set to 20000 times.
- FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph obtained for catalyst C2.
- FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph obtained for the catalyst 23.
- fine particles having a particle size in the range of about 10 nm to about 20 nm are supported on the surface of coarse particles, and are distributed substantially uniformly on the surface.
- these fine particles were barium sulfate and the coarse particles were alumina.
- particles having a particle size in the range of about 0.5 ⁇ m to about 2 ⁇ m are supported on the surface of the coarse particles, and are unevenly distributed on this surface.
- these non-uniformly distributed particles were barium sulfate and the coarse particles were alumina.
- ⁇ Average particle size and correlation coefficient> For each of the powders P1 to P18, the average particle diameter D0 of the alkaline earth metal compound was measured. Further, the average particle diameter D of the alkaline earth metal compound was measured for each of the catalysts C1 to C10 and C15 to C29.
- correlation coefficient (rho) 0 Al, AE was calculated
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Abstract
Description
まず、排ガス浄化用触媒1から触媒層3の一部を除去する。次に、この試料のSEM像を、1000倍乃至200000倍の範囲内の倍率で撮影する。次いで、このSEM像に写っているアルカリ土類金属粒子及びアルカリ土類金属化合物粒子の中から、担体31と接触していない粒子を数える。この個数を第1粒子数とする。また、先のSEM像に写っているアルカリ土類金属粒子及びアルカリ土類金属化合物粒子の中から、担体31と接触している粒子を数える。この個数を第2粒子数とする。
まず、アルミナ粉末と、トルエンなどの有機溶剤と、ラウリン酸とトリフルオロ酢酸との組み合わせなどのカルボン酸とを含んだスラリーを調製する。有機溶剤としては、例えば、トルエンなどの非極性溶媒を使用する。カルボン酸としては、例えば、アルキル基の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたフルオロカルボン酸と、アルキル基の水素原子が非置換のカルボン酸との組み合わせを使用する。フルオロカルボン酸としては、例えば、トリフルオロ酢酸を使用する。アルキル基の水素原子が非置換のカルボン酸としては、例えば、ラウリン酸を使用する。
図4は、一変形例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。この排ガス浄化用触媒1は、以下の構成を採用したこと以外は、図1乃至図3を参照しながら説明した排ガス浄化用触媒1と同様である。
<触媒C1の製造>
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図4に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図4に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図5に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
排ガス浄化用触媒を以下の方法により製造した。
排ガス浄化用触媒を以下の方法により製造した。
排ガス浄化用触媒を以下の方法により製造した。
排ガス浄化用触媒を以下の方法により製造した。
排ガス浄化用触媒を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
図1乃至図3に示す排ガス浄化用触媒1を以下の方法により製造した。
触媒C1乃至C29の各々を、排気量が1.0Lのエンジンを有する自動車に搭載した。次いで、各自動車に、60000kmの耐久走行距離を走行させた。その後、10・15モード法及び11モード法の各々により、非メタン炭化水素(NMHC)、CO及びNOxの各々についてテスト当たりの排出量を測定した。そして、10・15モード法により得られた走行距離1km当りの排出量に0.88を乗じることにより得られる値と、11モード法により得られた走行距離1km当りの排出量に0.12を乗じることにより得られる値との和を排出量とした。なお、NMHCの排出量は、炭素数等量による容量比で表した値をグラムに換算した値である。これら結果を、触媒層の材料等とともに、以下の表1乃至表4に纏める。
粉末P1乃至P18の各々について、アルカリ土類金属化合物の平均粒子径D0を測定した。また、触媒C1乃至C10及びC15乃至C29の各々について、アルカリ土類金属化合物の平均粒子径Dを測定した。
Claims (8)
- 基材と、前記基材に支持された第1触媒層とを具備した排ガス浄化用触媒であって、前記第1触媒層は、
アルミナからなる第1担体と、
第1酸素貯蔵材料と、
前記第1担体の表面によって選択的に担持され、前記第1担体の前記表面上に分散しているアルカリ土類金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物と、
前記第1担体の前記表面に担持された貴金属と
を含み、
前記排ガス浄化用触媒の容積に対する前記第1触媒層中のアルカリ土類金属のモル数の比は0.0004mol/L乃至0.35mol/Lの範囲内にある排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 下記式(1)により与えられる相関係数ρAl,AEが0.79以上である請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
iは1乃至350の自然数であり、
IAl,iは、前記第1触媒層を厚さ方向に351等分する面と前記第1触媒層の主面に垂直な線との350個の交点のうちi番目の交点において、電子線マイクロアナライザを用いて測定したアルミニウムの特性X線強度を表し、
IAl,avは、下記式(5)に示す前記強度IAl,iの相加平均値を表し、
IAE,iは、前記i番目の交点において、前記電子線マイクロアナライザを用いて測定した前記アルカリ土類金属元素の特性X線強度を表し、
IAE,avは、下記式(6)に示す前記強度IAE,iの相加平均値を表している。
- 前記第1担体の平均粒径は0.5μm乃至50μmの範囲内にあり、前記アルカリ土類金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物の平均粒径は5nm乃至200nmの範囲内にある請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 前記アルカリ土類金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物は、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化バリウム、硝酸バリウム、硫酸カルシウム、及び硫酸ストロンチウムからなる群より選択される1つ以上を含んだ請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 前記第1触媒層を間に挟んで前記基材と向き合った第2触媒層を更に具備し、前記第1触媒層は前記貴金属としてパラジウム及び白金の少なくとも一方を含み、前記第2触媒層は、
アルミナからなる第2担体と、
第2酸素貯蔵材料と、
前記第2担体の前記表面に担持されたロジウムと
を含んだ請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記基材と前記第1触媒層との間に介在した第2触媒層を更に具備し、前記第1触媒層は前記貴金属としてパラジウム及び白金の少なくとも一方を含み、前記第2触媒層は、
アルミナからなる第2担体と、
第2酸素貯蔵材料と、
前記第2担体の前記表面に担持されたロジウムと
を含んだ請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - アルミナからなる担体と、
前記担体の表面に担持され、前記担体の前記表面上に分散しており、平均粒径が5nm乃至200nmの範囲内にあるアルカリ土類金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物と
を含んだ、酸素貯蔵材料を含んでいない排ガス浄化用触媒用粉末材料。 - 酸素貯蔵材料を含んでおらず、アルミナからなる担体と有機溶剤とカルボン酸とを含んだ第1スラリーに、アルカリ土類金属化合物と任意にナトリウム水溶液とを添加すること、
前記アルカリ土類金属化合物を添加した前記第1スラリーを乾燥及び焼成して、前記担体と前記担体の表面に担持された前記アルカリ土類金属化合物とを含んだ粉末材料を得ることと、
前記粉末材料と酸素貯蔵材料とを含んだ第2スラリーを調製することと、
前記第1及び第2スラリーの少なくとも一方に貴金属化合物の水溶液を添加することと、
前記第2スラリーを乾燥及び焼成することと
を含んだ排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法。
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JP2014200714A (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-27 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2014200715A (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-27 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
WO2018190300A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-18 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPWO2018190300A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-05-14 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP7062642B2 (ja) | 2017-04-11 | 2022-05-06 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
US11504700B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2022-11-22 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
JP2020054982A (ja) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-04-09 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
WO2020071059A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-04-09 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP6990161B2 (ja) | 2018-10-04 | 2022-02-15 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
US11821349B2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2023-11-21 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
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CN102802784A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
US8546296B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
JPWO2010147163A1 (ja) | 2012-12-06 |
CN102802784B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2444152A4 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
JP5380534B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
US20120088655A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
EP2444152A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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