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WO2010037442A1 - Switch - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2010037442A1
WO2010037442A1 PCT/EP2009/005551 EP2009005551W WO2010037442A1 WO 2010037442 A1 WO2010037442 A1 WO 2010037442A1 EP 2009005551 W EP2009005551 W EP 2009005551W WO 2010037442 A1 WO2010037442 A1 WO 2010037442A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch according
switching element
switching
arrangement
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/005551
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rainer Maurer
Uwe Gillmann
Michael Stoffers
Original Assignee
Coactive Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coactive Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Coactive Technologies, Inc.
Publication of WO2010037442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010037442A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/97—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a magnetic movable element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/50—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts with indexing or locating means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring
    • H01H2003/506—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts with indexing or locating means, e.g. indexing by ball and spring making use of permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H23/00—Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button
    • H01H23/28—Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button with three operating positions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H01H36/0013—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits
    • H01H36/0026—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches characterised by the co-operation between reed switch and permanent magnet; Magnetic circuits comprising a biasing, helping or polarising magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00—Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/02—Energy stored by the attraction or repulsion of magnetic parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/97—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a magnetic movable element
    • H03K2017/9713—Multiposition, e.g. involving comparison with different thresholds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch, preferably a toggle switch, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a switch, preferably toggle switch, of the type mentioned, the gartician and FNR switch (Forward-Neutral-Lapel) is formed.
  • the features specified in claim 1 are provided in a switch of the type mentioned.
  • the inventive measures a smaller volume design is created because the individual locking magnets arranged separately, that is not coupled with a ferromagnetic connection.
  • the single switching magnet can be guided past the latching magnets and latched, wherein each detent position is associated with a switching element.
  • An advantageously arranged magnetic shielding plate allows the specific switching element on the specific oriented magnetic effect.
  • a compact arrangement of the switching elements is possible according to the features of claim 10 and / or 11.
  • Figure 3 is a section along the line III-III of Figure 1 and
  • the switch shown in the drawing in the form of a toggle switch 10 has both a magnetic locking function in its three switching positions here as well as a magnetically influenced switching function in the above three switching positions.
  • the three latching or switching positions of the FNR toggle switch 10 result from a central neutral position and in each case one after the one (Forward) and other (reverse) side movable, here pivotable end position.
  • the toggle switch 10 is particularly applicable in the automotive industry, in particular in commercial vehicles, but also in medical technology.
  • the switch could also be designed as a slide switch.
  • the toggle switch 10 has a pivotable according to double arrow A back and forth actuator 11 which is rotatably connected to a shaft 14 which is rotatably mounted in bearing mounts parallel bearing webs 13 of a switch housing 12.
  • the bearing webs 13 are arranged close to and parallel to a peripheral edge 16 of a cover plate 17 of the housing 12 of this perpendicularly projecting and covered by serving here as a bearing shell cover 25.
  • the bearing area of the shaft 14 is received in a bush 18.
  • parallel holding webs 19 are arranged, which define an approximately rectangular opening 21 in the cover plate 17.
  • the opening 21 is in extension of the holding webs 19 with opposing stop ramps 22 and 23, which extend to the housing interior 51 widening provided.
  • the covering this covering 25 is held by means of screws 24.
  • the cover 25, from which the shaft 14 protrudes at both ends, is surmounted or overlapped by both parallel side walls 26 and the curved upper side 27 of the actuator 11.
  • the switch housing 12 has two parallel elongated side walls 31 and 32 and two perpendicular thereto narrow side walls 33 and 34 which are integrally formed with each other and with the cover plate 17 made of plastic.
  • the housing 12 is open on its side facing away from the cover plate 17 underside. Both long and wide side walls 31 and 32 are formed at their the narrow side walls 33 and 34 facing ends cranked ( Figure 2).
  • the toggle switch 10 has a stationary magnet assembly 36 and a movable magnet assembly 46 and a magnetically influenced switching element assembly 56.
  • the stationary magnet assembly 36 has in the embodiment three latching magnets 37, 38 and 39.
  • the movable magnet assembly 46 has a single solenoid 48th Die Switching element arrangement 56 has in the exemplary embodiment, three magnetically influenced switching elements 57, 58 and 59, which are each assigned to one of the three magnetic detent positions of the toggle switch 10 here.
  • the detent magnets 37 to 39 which are formed by permanent magnets, are fixed in one of the two side walls 32 in bores 40, 41 and 42, wherein they are the same direction with respect to their pole arrangement.
  • the latching magnets 37 to 39 are arranged at a uniform distance next to each other and on a circular path to be described along the side wall 32.
  • the movable solenoid 48 also in the form of a permanent magnet, is fixed to one end of a cantilever 50 which is non-rotatably connected to the shaft 14 and projects radially therefrom.
  • the arm 50 extends parallel and at a small distance from the side wall 32 and thus to the there provided latching magnets 37 to 39.
  • the solenoid 48 is movable on a circular path about the center of the shaft 14, along which circular path is also the latching magnets 37 to 39 are located.
  • the polarity of the switching permanent magnet 48 is opposite to the polarity arrangement of the detent magnets 37 to 39, so that the solenoid 48 is depending on the position of the toggle switch 10 attracted by the opposite pole of the detent magnets 37 to 39 and held magnetically latching.
  • the solenoid 48 in the neutral position shown in Figure 2, the solenoid 48 is attracted to the central detent magnet 38 and held detent, while in one of the two left (forward) or right (reverse) end positions of the detent magnet 37 and 39 attracted and held magnetically latching is.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic attraction determines the detent force from which the solenoid 48 can be removed by means of the actuator 11 and brought into a subsequent detent position.
  • the solenoid 48 thus moves within the free housing interior 51.
  • a circuit board 61 is fixed, with or on which the switching elements 57 to 59 are electrically connected and mechanically held.
  • switching elements 57 to 59 for example, digitally evaluable Hall elements are provided.
  • the switching elements 57 to 59 lie in a plane at a uniform distance next to each other and along the above-mentioned circular path, where they are in approximately axial alignment the latching magnets 37 to 39 each opposite.
  • a magnetic shield plate 66 is fixed, which is held at a distance from the plane of the switching elements 57 to 59.
  • the shield plate 66 is provided with equidistant holes 67 to 69, which are as well as the detent magnets 37 to 39 and the switching elements 57 to 59 on the above circular path along which the solenoid 48 can move around the shaft 14.
  • the holes 67 to 69 are slightly smaller in diameter than the outer diameter of the latching magnets 37 to 39 and that of the switching elements 57 to 59 corresponds.
  • the axial alignment between the respective latching magnets 37 to 39, the respective bores 67 to 69 and the respective switching elements 57 to 59 is approximately in alignment, wherein the axial centers of the switching elements 57 to 59 and the respective bore 67 to 69 are identical.
  • the shield plate 66 it is achieved that the magnetic influence of one of the switching elements 57 to 59 is always given by the solenoid 48 only when the solenoid 48 of the respective bore 67 to 69 opposite and thus the magnetic flux emanating from the solenoid 48 due the axially aligned bore 67 to 69 only reaches the adjacent latching position of the switching magnet 48 adjacent switching element 57 to 59, the other switching elements, however, are magnetically shielded by the shielding plate 66 from the solenoid 48. Due to the selected strength of the magnetic fields of the detent magnets 37 to 39, a direct magnetic influence of the switching elements 57 to 59 by the detent magnets 37 to 39 is not given.
  • the neutral position is shown, in which the switching magnet 48 faces the middle detent magnet 38.
  • An actuation of the actuator 11 according to FIG. 1 to the right results in a movement of the switching magnet 48 to the left-hand latching magnet 37 according to FIG. 2 and vice versa. It is understood that such a switch 10 may also have more than the switching positions.
  • the switching elements 57 to 59 facing away from the back of the circuit board 61 is equipped with a connector which penetrates the long side wall 31 ( Figure 3).
  • the circuit board 61 may be sealed waterproof in the housing 12 in order to achieve a corresponding switch protection class.

Landscapes

  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a rocker switch having a pivotable actuator (11), having a magnetic latching unit made of a stationary magnet arrangement (36) and a magnet arrangement (46) displaceable by the actuator (11), and having a magnetically controllable switching element arrangement (56). In order to provide a rocker switch having a small form factor and usable as an FNR switch, the displaceable magnet arrangement (46) is formed by a single switching magnet (48) and the stationary magnet arrangement (36) is formed by a plurality of latching magnets (37, to 39) corresponding to the number of latching positions, and the switching element arrangement (56) has a plurality of switching elements (57 to 59) corresponding to the number of latching positions, and an effective magnetic shielding plate (66) is disposed between the displaceable magnet arrangement (46) on one side and the switching element arrangement (56) on the other side.

Description

Titel : SchalterTitle: Switch
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Schalter, vorzugsweise Kippschalter, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a switch, preferably a toggle switch, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei einem derartigen aus der DE 103 44 250 Al bekannten Schalter mit kombinierter magnetischer Schalt- und Rastfunktion besitzt sowohl die ortsfeste Magnetanordnung als auch die bewegbare Magnetanordnung jeweils zwei Rastmagnete bzw. zwei Schaltmagnete, wobei die jeweils nebeneinander liegenden Rastmagnete bzw. Schaltmagnete über ferromagnetische Stahlringe einendig verbunden sind. Zwischen den beiden Magnetanordnungen ist ein Schaltelement einer Schaltelementenanordnung vorgesehen und zwar derart, dass die beiden bewegbaren Schaltmagnete jeweils einem der beiden Rastmagnete und dem zwischen diesem liegenden Schaltelement gegenüber liegen, so dass das Schaltelement in der einen oder anderen Richtung vom Magnetfeld durchdrungen ist.In such known from DE 103 44 250 Al switch with combined magnetic switching and locking function has both the fixed magnet assembly and the movable magnet assembly each have two detent magnets or two solenoids, each adjacent detent magnets or solenoids via ferromagnetic steel rings one end are connected. Between the two magnet assemblies, a switching element of a switching element arrangement is provided in such a way that the two movable solenoids are each one of the two locking magnets and lying between this switching element, so that the switching element is penetrated in one or the other direction of the magnetic field.
Diese Magnetanordnungen sind relativ aufwendig und voluminös, wobei nur ein einziges Schaltelement vorgesehen ist. Außerdem besitzt der bekannte Schalter lediglich zwei Kippstellungen, ohne dass eine Null- oder Neutralstellung möglich ist.These magnet arrangements are relatively complex and bulky, with only a single switching element is provided. In addition, the known switch has only two tilt positions, without a zero or neutral position is possible.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, einen Schalter, vorzugsweise Kippschalter, der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der kleinbauender und als FNR-Schalter (Forward-Neutral-Revers) ausgebildet ist.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a switch, preferably toggle switch, of the type mentioned, the kleinbauender and FNR switch (Forward-Neutral-Lapel) is formed.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind bei einem Schalter der genannten Art die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale vorgesehen. Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen ist eine kleinvolumigere Ausgestaltung geschaffen, da die einzelnen Rastmagnete getrennt voneinander angeordnet, das heißt nicht mit einer ferromagnetischen Verbindung gekoppelt sind. Der einzige Schaltmagnet kann an den mehreren Rastmagneten vorbeigeführt und verrastend angehalten werden, wobei jeder Raststellung ein Schaltelement zugeordnet ist. Eine in vorteilhafter Weise angeordnete magnetische Abschirmplatte ermöglicht die auf das jeweilige Schaltelement spezifisch ausgerichtete magnetische Wirkung.To solve this problem, the features specified in claim 1 are provided in a switch of the type mentioned. The inventive measures a smaller volume design is created because the individual locking magnets arranged separately, that is not coupled with a ferromagnetic connection. The single switching magnet can be guided past the latching magnets and latched, wherein each detent position is associated with a switching element. An advantageously arranged magnetic shielding plate allows the specific switching element on the specific oriented magnetic effect.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der ortsfesten Magnetanordnung sowie der bewegbaren Magnetanordnung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen eines oder mehrerer der Ansprüche 2 bis 4.Advantageous embodiments of the stationary magnet arrangement and the movable magnet arrangement result from the features of one or more of claims 2 to 4.
Entsprechende vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Schaltelementenanordnung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 und/oder 6.Corresponding advantageous embodiments of the switching element arrangement result from the features of claim 5 and / or 6.
Einfache Ausführungen der magnetischen Abschirmplatte sind durch die Merkmale eines oder mehrerer der Ansprüche 7 bis 9 gegeben.Simple embodiments of the magnetic shielding plate are given by the features of one or more of claims 7 to 9.
Eine kompakte Anordnung der Schaltelemente ist nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 und/oder 11 möglich.A compact arrangement of the switching elements is possible according to the features of claim 10 and / or 11.
Mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 12 und/oder 13 ist eine einfache Ausgestaltung der Bewegungsendlagen des Schalters erreicht .With the features of claim 12 and / or 13, a simple embodiment of the movement end positions of the switch is achieved.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind der folgenden Beschreibung zu entnehmen, in der die Erfindung anhand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben und erläutert ist. Es zeigen: Figur 1 in schematischer Darstellung einen Längsschnitt durch einen Kippschalter gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel vorliegender Erfindung,Further details of the invention can be found in the following description in which the invention with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing is described and explained in more detail. Show it: 1 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through a toggle switch according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Figur 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie II-II der Figur 1,2 shows a section along the line II-II of Figure 1,
Figur 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie III-III der Figur 1 undFigure 3 is a section along the line III-III of Figure 1 and
Figur 4 einen Schnitt längs der Linie IV-IV der Figur 3.4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of Figure 3.
Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte Schalter in Form eines Kippschalters 10 besitzt sowohl eine magnetische Rastfunktion in seinen hier drei Schaltstellungen als auch eine magnetisch beeinflusste Schaltfunktion in den genannten hier drei Schaltstellungen. Die drei Rast- bzw. Schaltstellungen des FNR-Kippschalters 10 ergeben sich aus einer mittigen Neutralstellung und jeweils einer nach der einen (Forward) und anderen (Reverse) Seite hin bewegbaren, hier schwenkbaren Endstellung. Der Kippschalter 10 ist insbesondere in der Automobiltechnik, hier insbesondere in Nutzfahrzeugen, aber auch in der Medizintechnik anwendbar. Der Schalter könnte auch als Schiebeschalter ausgebildet sein.The switch shown in the drawing in the form of a toggle switch 10 has both a magnetic locking function in its three switching positions here as well as a magnetically influenced switching function in the above three switching positions. The three latching or switching positions of the FNR toggle switch 10 result from a central neutral position and in each case one after the one (Forward) and other (reverse) side movable, here pivotable end position. The toggle switch 10 is particularly applicable in the automotive industry, in particular in commercial vehicles, but also in medical technology. The switch could also be designed as a slide switch.
Der Kippschalter 10 besitzt einen gemäß Doppelpfeil A hin und her schwenkbaren Betätiger 11, der mit einer Welle 14 drehfest verbunden ist, die in Lageraufnahmen paralleler Lagerstege 13 eines Schaltergehäuses 12 drehbar gelagert ist. Die Lagerstege 13 sind nahe und parallel zu einem Umfangsrand 16 einer Deckplatte 17 des Gehäuses 12 von diesem senkrecht abstehend angeordnet und von einer hier als Lagerschale dienenden Abdeckung 25 überdeckt. Der Lagerbereich der Welle 14 ist in einer Buchse 18 aufgenommenen. Um 90° versetzt zu den Lagerstegen 13 sind parallele Haltestege 19 angeordnet, die eine etwa rechteckförmige Öffnung 21 in der Deckplatte 17 begrenzen. Die Öffnung 21 ist in Verlängerung der Haltestege 19 mit einander gegenüberliegenden Anschlagschrägen 22 und 23, die zum Gehäuseinneren 51 aufweitend verlaufen, versehen. An den Haltestegen 19 ist mittels Schrauben 24 die auch diese überdeckende Abdeckung 25 gehalten. Die Abdeckung 25, aus der die Welle 14 beidendig herausragt, ist von beiden parallelen Seitenwänden 26 und der gewölbten Oberseite 27 des Betätigers 11 überragt bzw. überdeckt.The toggle switch 10 has a pivotable according to double arrow A back and forth actuator 11 which is rotatably connected to a shaft 14 which is rotatably mounted in bearing mounts parallel bearing webs 13 of a switch housing 12. The bearing webs 13 are arranged close to and parallel to a peripheral edge 16 of a cover plate 17 of the housing 12 of this perpendicularly projecting and covered by serving here as a bearing shell cover 25. The bearing area of the shaft 14 is received in a bush 18. By 90 ° offset from the bearing webs 13 parallel holding webs 19 are arranged, which define an approximately rectangular opening 21 in the cover plate 17. The opening 21 is in extension of the holding webs 19 with opposing stop ramps 22 and 23, which extend to the housing interior 51 widening provided. At the retaining webs 19, the covering this covering 25 is held by means of screws 24. The cover 25, from which the shaft 14 protrudes at both ends, is surmounted or overlapped by both parallel side walls 26 and the curved upper side 27 of the actuator 11.
Das Schaltergehäuse 12 besitzt zwei parallele längliche Seitenwände 31 und 32 sowie zwei senkrecht hierzu verlaufende schmale Seitenwände 33 und 34, die miteinander und mit der Deckplatte 17 einstückig aus Kunststoff geformt sind. Das Gehäuse 12 ist an seiner der Deckplatte 17 abgewandten Unterseite offen. Beide langen bzw. breiten Seitenwände 31 und 32 sind an ihren den schmalen Seitenwänden 33 und 34 zugewandten Enden gekröpft ausgebildet (Figur 2) .The switch housing 12 has two parallel elongated side walls 31 and 32 and two perpendicular thereto narrow side walls 33 and 34 which are integrally formed with each other and with the cover plate 17 made of plastic. The housing 12 is open on its side facing away from the cover plate 17 underside. Both long and wide side walls 31 and 32 are formed at their the narrow side walls 33 and 34 facing ends cranked (Figure 2).
Innerhalb des Gehäuses 12 besitzt der Kippschalter 10 eine ortsfeste Magnetanordnung 36 sowie eine bewegliche Magnetanordnung 46 und eine magnetisch beeinflussbare Schaltelementanordnung 56. Die ortsfeste Magnetanordnung 36 besitzt beim Ausführungsbeispiel drei Rastmagnete 37, 38 und 39. Die bewegliche Magnetanordnung 46 besitzt einen einzigen Schaltmagnet 48. Die Schaltelementanordnung 56 besitzt beim Ausführungsbeispiel drei magnetisch beeinflussbare Schaltelemente 57, 58 und 59, die jeweils einer der hier drei magnetischen Raststellungen des Kippschalters 10 zugeordnet sind.Within the housing 12, the toggle switch 10 has a stationary magnet assembly 36 and a movable magnet assembly 46 and a magnetically influenced switching element assembly 56. The stationary magnet assembly 36 has in the embodiment three latching magnets 37, 38 and 39. The movable magnet assembly 46 has a single solenoid 48th Die Switching element arrangement 56 has in the exemplary embodiment, three magnetically influenced switching elements 57, 58 and 59, which are each assigned to one of the three magnetic detent positions of the toggle switch 10 here.
Die Rastmagnete 37 bis 39, die durch Permanentmagnete gebildet sind, sind in einer der beiden Seitenwände 32 in Bohrungen 40, 41 bzw. 42 befestigt, wobei sie hinsichtlich ihrer Polanordnung gleich gerichtet sind. Die Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 sind in gleichmäßigem Abstand nebeneinander und auf einer noch zu beschreibenden Kreisbahn längs der Seitenwand 32 angeordnet. Der bewegbare Schaltmagnet 48, ebenfalls in Form eines Permanentmagneten, ist an einem Ende eines Auslegers 50 befestigt, der mit der Welle 14 drehfest verbunden ist und von dieser radial absteht. Der Ausleger 50 verläuft parallel und in einem geringen Abstand zur Seitenwand 32 und damit zu den dort vorgesehenen Rastmagneten 37 bis 39. Damit ist der Schaltmagnet 48 auf einer Kreisbahn um die Achsmitte der Welle 14 bewegbar, längs welcher Kreisbahn sich auch die Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 befinden. Die Polarität des Schalt- Permanentmagneten 48 ist zu der Polaritätsanordnung der Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 entgegengesetzt, so dass der Schaltmagnet 48 je nach Stellung des Kippschalters 10 vom Gegenpol eines der Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 angezogen und magnetisch verrastend gehalten ist. Mit anderen Worten, in der Neutralstellung gemäß Figur 2 ist der Schaltmagnet 48 vom mittigen Rastmagnet 38 angezogen und rastend gehalten, während er in einer der beiden linken (Forward) oder rechten (Reverse) Endstellungen vom Rastmagnet 37 bzw. 39 angezogen und magnetisch verrastend gehalten ist. Die Größe der magnetischen Anziehungskraft bestimmt die Rastkraft, aus der der Schaltmagnet 48 mit Hilfe des Betätigers 11 entfernt und in eine folgende Raststellung gebracht werden kann. Der Schaltmagnet 48 bewegt sich somit innerhalb des freien Gehäuseinnenraumes 51.The detent magnets 37 to 39, which are formed by permanent magnets, are fixed in one of the two side walls 32 in bores 40, 41 and 42, wherein they are the same direction with respect to their pole arrangement. The latching magnets 37 to 39 are arranged at a uniform distance next to each other and on a circular path to be described along the side wall 32. The movable solenoid 48, also in the form of a permanent magnet, is fixed to one end of a cantilever 50 which is non-rotatably connected to the shaft 14 and projects radially therefrom. The arm 50 extends parallel and at a small distance from the side wall 32 and thus to the there provided latching magnets 37 to 39. Thus, the solenoid 48 is movable on a circular path about the center of the shaft 14, along which circular path is also the latching magnets 37 to 39 are located. The polarity of the switching permanent magnet 48 is opposite to the polarity arrangement of the detent magnets 37 to 39, so that the solenoid 48 is depending on the position of the toggle switch 10 attracted by the opposite pole of the detent magnets 37 to 39 and held magnetically latching. In other words, in the neutral position shown in Figure 2, the solenoid 48 is attracted to the central detent magnet 38 and held detent, while in one of the two left (forward) or right (reverse) end positions of the detent magnet 37 and 39 attracted and held magnetically latching is. The magnitude of the magnetic attraction determines the detent force from which the solenoid 48 can be removed by means of the actuator 11 and brought into a subsequent detent position. The solenoid 48 thus moves within the free housing interior 51.
Längs der Innenseite der anderen langen Seitenwand 31 ist eine Leiterplatte 61 befestigt, mit bzw. auf der die Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 elektrisch verbunden und mechanisch gehalten sind. Als magnetisch beeinflussbare Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 sind beispielsweise digital auswertbare Hall- Elemente vorgesehen. Die Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 liegen in einer Ebene in gleichmäßigem Abstand nebeneinander und längs der o.g. Kreisbahn, wobei sie in etwa axialer Flucht den Rastmagneten 37 bis 39 jeweils gegenüber liegen. An Innenwandungsteilen 64 und 65, die mit der langen Seitenwand 31 Nuten 62 zur beidendigen Aufnahme der Leiterplatte 61 bilden, ist eine magnetische Abschirmplatte 66 befestigt, die in einem Abstand zur Ebene der Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 gehalten ist. Die Abschirmplatte 66 ist mit in gleichmäßigem Abstand angeordneten Bohrungen 67 bis 69 versehen, die ebenso wie die Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 und die Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 auf der o.g. Kreisbahn liegen, längs der sich der Schaltmagnet 48 um die Welle 14 bewegen kann. Die Bohrungen 67 bis 69 sind in ihrem Durchmesser etwas kleiner als dem Außendurchmesser der Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 und demjenigen der Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 entspricht. Die axiale Ausrichtung zwischen den jeweiligen Rastmagneten 37 bis 39, den jeweiligen Bohrungen 67 bis 69 und den jeweiligen Schaltelementen 57 bis 59 ist etwa in einer Flucht, wobei die Achsmitten der Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 und die der jeweiligen Bohrung 67 bis 69 identisch sind. Mit der Abschirmplatte 66 ist erreicht, dass die magnetische Beeinflussung eines der Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 durch den Schaltmagnet 48 immer nur dann gegeben ist, wenn der Schaltmagnet 48 der jeweiligen Bohrung 67 bis 69 gegenüberliegt und damit der Magnetfluss, der vom Schaltmagnet 48 ausgeht, aufgrund der axial fluchtenden Bohrung 67 bis 69 nur das in der betreffenden Raststellung des Schaltmagneten 48 benachbarte Schaltelement 57 bis 59 erreicht, die anderen Schaltelemente jedoch durch die Abschirmplatte 66 vom Schaltmagnet 48 magnetisch abgeschirmt sind. Aufgrund der gewählten Stärke der Magnetfelder der Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 ist eine unmittelbare magnetische Beeinflussung der Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 durch die Rastmagnete 37 bis 39 nicht gegeben. Es versteht sich, dass die Sensivität der die Schaltelemente 57 bis 59 darstellenden Hall-Sensoren sowie die Abstände zwischen den Rast- und Schalt-Permanentmagneten und des Schaltpermanentmagenten zu den Hall-Sensoren entsprechend abgestimmt sein müssen. Die die Rastung bestimmenden magnetischen Schaltkräfte sind abhängig von den Spaltmaßen zwischen den Rast- und Schalt- Permantentmagneten und deren Feldstärke.Along the inside of the other long side wall 31, a circuit board 61 is fixed, with or on which the switching elements 57 to 59 are electrically connected and mechanically held. As magnetically influenced switching elements 57 to 59, for example, digitally evaluable Hall elements are provided. The switching elements 57 to 59 lie in a plane at a uniform distance next to each other and along the above-mentioned circular path, where they are in approximately axial alignment the latching magnets 37 to 39 each opposite. On inner wall parts 64 and 65, which form with the long side wall 31 grooves 62 for receiving both ends of the circuit board 61, a magnetic shield plate 66 is fixed, which is held at a distance from the plane of the switching elements 57 to 59. The shield plate 66 is provided with equidistant holes 67 to 69, which are as well as the detent magnets 37 to 39 and the switching elements 57 to 59 on the above circular path along which the solenoid 48 can move around the shaft 14. The holes 67 to 69 are slightly smaller in diameter than the outer diameter of the latching magnets 37 to 39 and that of the switching elements 57 to 59 corresponds. The axial alignment between the respective latching magnets 37 to 39, the respective bores 67 to 69 and the respective switching elements 57 to 59 is approximately in alignment, wherein the axial centers of the switching elements 57 to 59 and the respective bore 67 to 69 are identical. With the shield plate 66 it is achieved that the magnetic influence of one of the switching elements 57 to 59 is always given by the solenoid 48 only when the solenoid 48 of the respective bore 67 to 69 opposite and thus the magnetic flux emanating from the solenoid 48 due the axially aligned bore 67 to 69 only reaches the adjacent latching position of the switching magnet 48 adjacent switching element 57 to 59, the other switching elements, however, are magnetically shielded by the shielding plate 66 from the solenoid 48. Due to the selected strength of the magnetic fields of the detent magnets 37 to 39, a direct magnetic influence of the switching elements 57 to 59 by the detent magnets 37 to 39 is not given. It is understood that the sensitivity of the switching elements 57 to 59 performing Hall sensors and the distances between the locking and switching permanent magnets and the switching permanent magnet must be matched to the Hall sensors accordingly. The detent determining magnetic switching forces depending on the gap between the locking and switching permanent magnets and their field strength.
Gemäß Figur 2 ist die Neutralstellung dargestellt, in der der Schaltmagnet 48 dem mittleren Rastmagnet 38 gegenübersteht. Eine Betätigung des Betätigers 11 gemäß Figur 1 nach rechts ergibt ein Bewegen des Schaltmagnets 48 zum gemäß Figur 2 linken Rastmagnet 37 und umgekehrt. Es versteht sich, dass ein derartiger Schalter 10 auch mehr als die Schaltstellungen besitzen kann.According to FIG. 2, the neutral position is shown, in which the switching magnet 48 faces the middle detent magnet 38. An actuation of the actuator 11 according to FIG. 1 to the right results in a movement of the switching magnet 48 to the left-hand latching magnet 37 according to FIG. 2 and vice versa. It is understood that such a switch 10 may also have more than the switching positions.
Die den Schaltelementen 57 bis 59 abgewandte Rückseite der Leiterplatte 61 ist mit einem Steckverbinder bestückt, der die lange Seitenwand 31 durchdringt (Figur 3) .The switching elements 57 to 59 facing away from the back of the circuit board 61 is equipped with a connector which penetrates the long side wall 31 (Figure 3).
In nicht dargestellter Weise kann die Leiterplatte 61 im Gehäuse 12 wasserdicht vergossen sein, um eine entsprechende Schalterschutzklasse zu erreichen. In a manner not shown, the circuit board 61 may be sealed waterproof in the housing 12 in order to achieve a corresponding switch protection class.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schalter (10), vorzugsweise Kippschalter, mit einem hin und her bewegbaren, vorzugsweise schwenkbaren Betätiger (11), mit einer magnetischen Rasteinheit aus einer ortsfesten Magnetanordnung (36) und einer vom Betätiger (11) bewegbaren Magnetanordnung (46) und mit einer magnetisch beeinflussbaren Schaltelementanordnung (56) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegbare Magnetanordnung (46) durch einen einzigen Schaltmagneten1. Switch (10), preferably toggle switch, with a reciprocable, preferably pivotable actuator (11), with a magnetic latching unit of a stationary magnet assembly (36) and one of the actuator (11) movable magnet assembly (46) and with a magnetically influenced switching element arrangement (56), characterized in that the movable magnet arrangement (46) by a single switching magnet
(48) und die ortsfeste Magnetanordnung (36) durch eine der Anzahl der Raststellungen entsprechende Anzahl von Rastmagneten (37 bis 39) gebildet ist, dass die Schaltelementanordnung (56) eine der Anzahl der Raststellungen entsprechende Anzahl von Schaltelementen(48) and the stationary magnet arrangement (36) by a number of detent positions corresponding number of detent magnets (37 to 39) is formed, that the switching element arrangement (56) a number of detent positions corresponding number of switching elements
(57 bis 59) besitzt und dass eine zwischen der bewegbaren Magnetanordnung (46) einerseits und der Schaltelementanordnung (56) andererseits wirkende magnetische Abschirmplatte (66) angeordnet ist.(57 to 59) has and that between the movable magnet assembly (46) on the one hand and the switching element assembly (56) on the other hand acting magnetic shield plate (66) is arranged.
2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ortsfeste Magnetanordnung (36) und die bewegbare Magnetanordnung (46) in zwei parallelen Ebenen in geringem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind.2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the stationary magnet arrangement (36) and the movable magnet arrangement (46) are arranged in two parallel planes at a small distance from each other.
3. Schalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schaitmagnet (48) der bewegbaren Magnetanordnung (46) an einem mit dem Betätiger (11) drehfest verbundenen Ausleger (50) angeordnet ist, der vorzugsweise von einer Welle (14) des Betätigers (11) radial absteht.3. A switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the Schaitmagnet (48) of the movable magnet assembly (46) on a with the actuator (11) rotatably connected arm (50) is arranged, preferably by a shaft (14) of the actuator ( 11) protrudes radially.
4. Schalter nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rastmagnete (37 bis 39) der ortsfesten Magnetanordnung (36) auf einer Kreisbahn um die Welle (14) des Betätigers (11) angeordnet sind. 4. Switch according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the latching magnets (37 to 39) of the stationary magnet arrangement (36) are arranged on a circular path around the shaft (14) of the actuator (11).
5. Schalter nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltelemente (57 bis 59) der Schaltelementanordnung (56) auf einer der Kreisbahn der Rastmagnete (37 bis 39) entsprechenden Kreisbahn angeordnet sind.5. Switch according to at least one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the switching elements (57 to 59) of the switching element arrangement (56) on one of the circular path of the latching magnets (37 to 39) corresponding circular path are arranged.
6. Schalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltelemente (57 bis 59) der6. Switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the switching elements (57 to 59) of
Schaltelementanordnung (56) den Rastelementen (37 bis 39) etwa axial gegenüberliegend gehalten sind.Switching element arrangement (56) the latching elements (37 to 39) are held approximately axially opposite.
7. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 und mindestens einem der folgenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die magnetische Abschirmplatte (66) mit Ausnehmungen (67 bis 69) zwischen den Schaltelementen (57 bis 59) der Schaltelementanordnung (56) und den Rastmagneten (37 bis 39) der Rastmagnetanordnung (36) versehen ist.7. Switch according to claim 1 and at least one of the following claims, characterized in that the magnetic shield plate (66) with recesses (67 to 69) between the switching elements (57 to 59) of the switching element arrangement (56) and the latching magnets (37 to 39 ) of the latching magnet arrangement (36) is provided.
8. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausnehmungen durch Bohrungen (67 bis 69) gebildet sind, deren Durchmesser geringer als der des Schaltmagneten (48) ist und deren Achse mit der Achse der Schaltelemente (57 bis 59) identisch ist.8. A switch according to claim 7, characterized in that the recesses are formed by bores (67 to 69) whose diameter is smaller than that of the switching magnet (48) and whose axis with the axis of the switching elements (57 to 59) is identical.
9. Schalter nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abschirmplatte (66) näher an der Schaltelementanordnung (56) als an der beweglichen Magnetanordnung (46) im Schaltergehäuse (12) befestigt ist.9. A switch according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the shield plate (66) closer to the switching element assembly (56) than on the movable magnet assembly (46) in the switch housing (12) is fixed.
10. Schalter nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltelemente (57 bis 59) der Schaltelementanordnung (56) auf einer Leiterplatte (61) angeordnet sind, die mit einem Steckverbinder (71) bestückt ist. 10. Switch according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching elements (57 to 59) of the switching element arrangement (56) on a printed circuit board (61) are arranged, which is equipped with a connector (71).
11. Schalter nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltelemente (57 bis 59) durch digitale Hall- Elemente gebildet sind.11. A switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the switching elements (57 to 59) are formed by digital Hall elements.
12. Schalter nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltergehäuse (12) mit vorzugsweise beidendig gegenüberliegenden Anschlägen (22, 23) für den Betätiger (11) versehen ist.12. Switch according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch housing (12) is provided with preferably both ends opposite stops (22, 23) for the actuator (11).
13. Schalter nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anschläge (22, 23) zu beiden Seiten der Bewegungsbahn des mit dem bewegbaren Schaltelement (48) versehenen Auslegers (50) am Gehäuse (12) vorgesehen sind. 13. A switch according to claim 12, characterized in that the stops (22, 23) on both sides of the path of movement of the movable switching element (48) provided with the arm (50) on the housing (12) are provided.
PCT/EP2009/005551 2008-09-30 2009-07-31 Switch WO2010037442A1 (en)

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