WO2010016521A1 - 非水電解液、リチウム二次電池及びその製造方法、並びに混合型非水電解液 - Google Patents
非水電解液、リチウム二次電池及びその製造方法、並びに混合型非水電解液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010016521A1 WO2010016521A1 PCT/JP2009/063874 JP2009063874W WO2010016521A1 WO 2010016521 A1 WO2010016521 A1 WO 2010016521A1 JP 2009063874 W JP2009063874 W JP 2009063874W WO 2010016521 A1 WO2010016521 A1 WO 2010016521A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- organosilicon compound
- carbonate
- mass
- fluorine
- group
- Prior art date
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 54
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 22
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- CTIKAHQFRQTTAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)F CTIKAHQFRQTTAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OIIWPAYIXDCDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionate Chemical compound [Na+].C[Si](C)(C)CCC([O-])=O OIIWPAYIXDCDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NAQYVERIASFLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class C=CC(=O)OCC1COC(=O)O1 NAQYVERIASFLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical class C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical group CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical group CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SVTMLGIQJHGGFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;propa-1,2-diene Chemical compound C=C=C.OC(O)=O SVTMLGIQJHGGFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002180 crystalline carbon material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH3] CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SELYJABLPLKXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n,n-dimethylcarbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)N(C)C SELYJABLPLKXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentanoic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCC(=O)OC HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;phosphoric acid Chemical class P.OP(O)(O)=O IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWPIRBFZVJYION-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethylbut-1-enylsilyl) borate Chemical compound B(O[SiH2]C=C(CC)CC)(O[SiH2]C=C(CC)CC)O[SiH2]C=C(CC)CC WWPIRBFZVJYION-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJHXAZLYJUNWIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethoxysilyl) phosphate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OP(=O)(O[Si](OC)(OC)OC)O[Si](OC)(OC)OC LJHXAZLYJUNWIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) borate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte, a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a mixed non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte is widely used as a power source for consumer electronic devices because of its high voltage and high energy density and high reliability such as storage.
- a secondary battery using a nonaqueous electrolytic solution there is a secondary battery using a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and a typical example thereof is a lithium ion secondary battery.
- carbonate compounds having a high dielectric constant are known as non-aqueous solvents used in non-aqueous electrolytes, and the use of various carbonate compounds has been proposed.
- the electrolyte for example, propylene carbonate, and the high dielectric constant carbonate compound solvent such as ethylene carbonate, in a mixed solvent of low viscosity solvents such as diethyl carbonate, LiBF 4, LiPF 6, LiClO 4, LiAsF 6, LiCF 3
- a solution in which an electrolyte such as SO 3 or Li 2 SiF 6 is mixed is used.
- non-aqueous electrolytes In recent years, various studies have been made on non-aqueous electrolytes. For example, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an organosilicon compound has been proposed for the purpose of reducing battery resistance (particularly, reducing initial battery resistance), improving battery life, and improving safety (for example, JP-A-2001-57237). No., JP-A-11-250919, and JP-A-2001-319685).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution using an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom or a boron atom and having a low initial battery resistance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte and having a low initial battery resistance and a method for producing the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a mixed nonaqueous electrolytic solution using an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom or a boron atom and having a low initial battery resistance. is there.
- the present inventors have found that the cause when the effect of reducing the initial battery resistance is small in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution using a specific organosilicon compound is that the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali that is an electrolyte. It was elucidated that this is because metal salts react with each other to produce fluorinated organosilicon compounds. That is, specific means for solving the above-described problems are as follows.
- a fluorinated organosilicon that contains an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom, or a boron atom and a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt, and is generated by a reaction between the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution wherein the content of the compound is 0.2% by mass or less.
- R 1 represents an alkyloxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, a silyloxy group, or an alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- n represents the number of R 1 bonded to M, and is M oxidation number-1 or M oxidation number-3. When n is 2 or more, R 1 may be the same or different.
- R 2 to R 4 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms. . ]
- ⁇ 3> The nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the content of the organosilicon compound is 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass.
- ⁇ 4> A lithium secondary battery using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to ⁇ 1>.
- ⁇ 5> A fluorinated organosilicon which contains an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom or a boron atom and a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt, and is produced by a reaction between the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt.
- the manufacturing method of a lithium secondary battery which has the process of inject
- the method further includes a step of charging the fluorinated organosilicon compound in a state where the content in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.2% by mass or less.
- An organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom or a boron atom, or a first composition containing the organosilicon compound and a second composition containing a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt is mixed at the time of manufacturing the battery, and the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing solution are obtained in the obtained liquid mixture.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution using an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom or a boron atom, and having a low initial battery resistance is provided.
- it is providing the lithium secondary battery with the small initial stage battery resistance using the said non-aqueous electrolyte, and its manufacturing method.
- a mixed nonaqueous electrolytic solution using an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, a phosphorus atom or a boron atom, and having a low initial battery resistance. is there.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte, the lithium secondary battery and the manufacturing method thereof, and the mixed non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention will be specifically described.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains an organosilicon compound having a metal atom, phosphorus atom or boron atom and a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt, and reacts with the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt.
- the content of the fluorinated organosilicon compound to be produced is 0.2% by mass or less.
- the organosilicon compound in the present invention is an organosilicon compound containing a metal atom, phosphorus atom or boron atom (hereinafter also referred to as “specific organosilicon compound”). More specifically, the specific organosilicon compound is a compound represented by the general formula [1].
- R 1 represents an alkyloxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, a silyloxy group, or an alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- n represents the number of R 1 bonded to M, and is M oxidation number-1 or M oxidation number-3. When n is 2 or more, R 1 may be the same or different.
- R 2 to R 4 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms.
- aluminum, boron, phosphorus, P ⁇ O, titanium, and zirconium are particularly preferable.
- R 1 examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, normal butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy, phenoxy, trimethylsilyloxy
- Examples include triethylsilyloxy group, trimethoxysilyloxy group, triethoxysilyloxy group and the like.
- a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxypropoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a normal butoxy group, and a trimethylsilyloxy group are preferable.
- R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 include methyl, ethyl, vinyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-propynyl, and 2-propynyl.
- R 1 to R 4 preferably have 4 or less carbon atoms, specifically, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, normal butyl, Isobutyl, sec-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, normal butoxy, isobutoxy and sec-butoxy groups are preferred. Of these, a methyl group is most preferred.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula [1] include the compounds shown below. Magnesium bis (trimethylsiloxide), tris borate (trimethylsilyl), tris borate (trimethoxysilyl), tris borate (triethylsilyl), tris borate (triethoxysilyl), tris borate (dimethylvinylsilyl) ), Tris (diethylvinylsilyl) borate, aluminum tris (trimethylsiloxide), dimethoxyaluminoxytrimethylsilane, dimethoxyaluminoxytrimethoxysilane, diethoxyaluminoxytrimethylsilane, diethoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane, dipropyloxy Aluminoxytrimethylsilane, dibutoxyaluminoxytrimethylsilane, dibutoxyaluminoxytrimethoxysilane, dibutoxyaluminoxytriethylsilane, dibutoxyaluminoxyt E
- particularly preferred compounds are tris (trimethylsilyl) borate, tris (trimethoxysilyl) borate, tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate, tris (trimethoxysilyl) phosphate, dimethoxyaluminoxytrimethoxysilane, diethoxy Aluminoxytriethoxysilane, dipropoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane, dibutoxyaluminoxytrimethoxysilane, dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane, titanium tetrakis (trimethylsiloxide), titanium tetrakis (triethylsiloxide).
- a preferable combination is that M is P ⁇ O, R 1 is an alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 2, A combination in which R 2 to R 4 are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the specific organosilicon compounds described above may be included singly or in combination of two or more in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the content of the specific organosilicon compound described above in the non-aqueous electrolyte (the total amount in the case of two or more) is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01 to 15% by mass, More preferably, the content is 0.01% to 5% by mass, still more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 5% by mass.
- the content of the specific organosilicon compound is in the above range, the reductive decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous solvent that occurs during charging can be further suppressed, and the initial battery resistance can be further reduced.
- the content of the specific organosilicon compound is within the above range, it is possible to improve battery life such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics, improve charge / discharge efficiency of the battery, and improve low-temperature characteristics.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains at least one nonaqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte in the present invention is a cyclic carbonate represented by the following general formula [2a] or the following general formula [2b] from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics (particularly battery life, load characteristics and low temperature characteristics). It is desirable to contain a non-aqueous solvent containing at least one kind and / or at least one kind of chain carbonate.
- R 5 to R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen element.
- the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and an n-propyl group.
- cyclic carbonate represented by the general formula [2a] or the general formula [2b] include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 2,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4-fluoroethylene carbonate, and the like.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate having a high dielectric constant are preferably used.
- ethylene carbonate is preferred when intended to improve battery life.
- chain carbonate examples include dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate.
- dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate having low viscosity are preferably used. Two or more of these chain carbonates may be used in combination. If such a chain carbonate is contained in a non-aqueous solvent, it becomes possible to lower the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte, further increase the solubility of the electrolyte, and improve electrical conductivity at room temperature or low temperature. It can be set as the outstanding electrolyte solution. For this reason, low temperature characteristics such as load characteristics at low temperatures of the battery can be improved.
- the nonaqueous solvent in the present invention contains at least one of the cyclic carbonates represented by the general formula [2a] or the general formula [2b] and / or at least one of the chain carbonates. Is preferred.
- a combination of the cyclic carbonate and the chain carbonate specifically, a combination of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, a combination of ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, a combination of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate And dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate , Ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and diethylcar Nate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate,
- the mixing ratio of at least one cyclic carbonate represented by the general formula [2a] or the general formula [2b] and at least one chain carbonate is Expressed by mass ratio, it is 0: 100 to 100: 0, preferably 5:95 to 80:20, more preferably 10:90 to 70:30, and particularly preferably 15:85 to 55:45.
- mass ratio it is 0: 100 to 100: 0, preferably 5:95 to 80:20, more preferably 10:90 to 70:30, and particularly preferably 15:85 to 55:45.
- non-aqueous solvent in place of the above-mentioned solvent (cyclic carbonate and / or chain carbonate), or in addition to the above solvent (cyclic carbonate and / or chain carbonate), a non-aqueous solvent is usually used.
- Other solvents widely used as water solvents may be used.
- solvents include chain esters such as methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and methyl valerate; phosphorus Phosphate esters such as trimethyl acid; chain ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, dipropyl ether; 1,4-dioxane, 1,3 -Cyclic ethers such as dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane; amides such as dimethylformamide; methyl-N, N-dimethylcarbamate, etc.
- chain esters such as
- Chain carbamate ⁇ -butyrolacto , ⁇ -valerolactone, 3-methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclic esters such as 2-methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone; cyclic sulfones such as sulfolane; cyclic carbamates such as N-methyloxazolidinone; cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone; Cyclic ureas such as N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone;
- Vinylethylene carbonate derivatives such as 4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,4-divinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-divinylethylene carbonate; 4-vinyl-4-methylethylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-5-methylethylene carbonate, 4- Alkyl-substituted vinyl ethylene carbonate derivatives such as vinyl-4,5-dimethylethylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-5,5-dimethylethylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-4,5,5-trimethylethylene carbonate; 4-allyloxymethylethylene Allyloxymethylethylene carbonate derivatives such as carbonate and 4,5-diallyloxymethylethylene carbonate; 4-methyl-4-allyloxymethylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-5-allyloxy Alkyl-substituted allyloxymethylethylene carbonate derivatives such as methylethylene carbonate; 4-acryloxymethylethylene carbonate, acryloxymethylethylene carbonate derivatives such as 4,5-acryloxymethylethylene carbonate; 4-methyl-4-acryloxymethylethylene Alkyl-substituted acryloxymethylethylene carbonate derivatives
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt as an electrolyte.
- fluorine-containing alkali metal salt examples include fluorine-containing lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , Li 2 SiF 6 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiC 8 F 17 SO 3. It is done.
- fluorine-containing lithium salt shown by the general formula enumerated below can also be used. That is, LiOSO 2 R 8 , LiN (SO 2 R 9 ) (SO 2 R 10 ), LiC (SO 2 R 11 ) (SO 2 R 12 ) (SO 2 R 13 ), LiN (SO 2 OR 14 ) (SO 2 OR 15 ), etc.
- R 8 to R 15 may be the same as or different from each other, and are perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the fluorine-containing lithium salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiOSO 2 R 8 , LiN (SO 2 R 9 ) (SO 2 R 10 ), LiC (SO 2 R 11 ) (SO 2 R 12 ) (SO 2 R 13 ) LiN (SO 2 OR 14 ) (SO 2 OR 15 ) is preferred.
- the concentration of the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 3 mol / liter, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 mol / liter.
- the electrolyte in the present invention in addition to the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt, other electrolytes usually used in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium ion secondary batteries may be used in combination.
- the concentration of the total electrolyte in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 3 mol / liter, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 mol / liter.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in the present invention contains a specific organosilicon compound, a nonaqueous solvent, and a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt that is an electrolyte as essential components, but does not impair the purpose of the present invention as necessary.
- Other additives may be added.
- the additive may contain at least one of vinylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate derivatives, 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, and 4-fluoroethylene carbonate.
- the additive may contain at least one sultone compound such as 1,3-prop-1-ene sultone.
- the total content of these other additives is usually 0.001% by mass to 30% by mass, preferably 0.01% by mass to 7% by mass, and more preferably based on the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention. Is 0.2% by mass to 5% by mass.
- the content of the fluorinated organosilicon compound produced by the reaction between the specific organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt is 0.2% by mass or less.
- the content of the fluorinated organosilicon compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and most preferably 0% by mass (that is, a form containing no fluorinated organosilicon compound).
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound include compounds in which the part of “[R 1 ] n —MO—” in the general formula [1] is replaced with a fluorine atom.
- Specific examples include trialkylsilyl fluorides in which one alkyl moiety independently has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more specifically, trimethylsilyl fluoride.
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound is a compound produced when the specific organosilicon compound is decomposed in a non-aqueous electrolyte, and when the content in the non-aqueous electrolyte exceeds 0.2% by mass, Battery characteristics may be impaired.
- the specific organosilicon compound is added to a non-aqueous electrolyte, an effect of reducing initial battery resistance of a lithium secondary battery produced using the non-aqueous electrolyte can be obtained.
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound further exceeds 0.2% by mass in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution to be contained, the effect is lowered.
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound is considered to be produced because the specific organosilicon compound reacts with and decomposes with a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt as an electrolyte in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt for example, LiPF 6 and / or LiBF 4
- Trimethylsilyl fluoride which is a fluorinated organosilicon compound
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound for example, trimethylsilyl fluoride
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound reacts on the negative electrode to generate a gas containing organosilicon and fluorine. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the fluorinated organosilicon compound is generated by the generation of the gas. Furthermore, since the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt that is an electrolyte reacts, a decrease in conductivity is also conceivable.
- the fluorinated organosilicon compound is preferably not contained at all in the non-aqueous electrolyte when it is not desired to reduce the effect of reducing the initial battery resistance of the lithium secondary battery,
- the content is preferably in a range where the effect of the specific organosilicon compound does not become too low as a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.
- the content of the fluorinated organosilicon compound in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution needs to be 0.2% by mass or less.
- a form using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention a form in which charging / discharging is performed before the specific organosilicon compound and the electrolyte (fluorine-containing alkali metal salt) react with each other is preferable.
- the specific organosilicon compound is incorporated into the positive and negative electrodes as a film, so that the possibility that the fluorinated organosilicon compound is generated is reduced.
- the first composition containing the specific organosilicon compound or the specific organosilicon compound as a non-aqueous electrolyte is used.
- a second composition containing the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt in this specification, this set is also referred to as “mixed non-aqueous electrolyte”). preferable.
- the specific organosilicon compound or the first composition and the second composition are mixed at the time of manufacturing the battery to constitute a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the mixed non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes a specific organosilicon compound, or a first composition containing the specific organosilicon compound, and a second composition containing a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt,
- the organosilicon compound or the first composition and the second composition are mixed at the time of manufacturing the battery, and the organosilicon compound and the It is a mixed non-aqueous electrolyte used in a state in which the content of a fluorinated organosilicon compound produced by a reaction with a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt is 0.2% by mass or less.
- the mixed nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention may be a two-component mixed nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed of a specific organosilicon compound and the second composition, or the first composition. And a second liquid mixed nonaqueous electrolyte composed of the second composition, or a mixed nonaqueous electrolyte of three or more liquids having other compositions. .
- a two-component mixed nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferable, and is a two-component mixed nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed of a specific organosilicon compound and the second composition. Is more preferable.
- the additive eg, vinylene carbonate or vinylene carbonate derivative, and 1,3--
- the additive is added to at least one of the first composition and the second composition. May contain at least one sultone compound such as prop-1-ene sultone).
- the additive may be added when the first composition and the second composition are mixed.
- the additive may be added to other compositions other than the first composition and the second composition.
- a specific form of the first composition includes a form containing a specific organosilicon compound, a non-aqueous solvent, and, if necessary, the additive.
- the content of the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt in the first composition is preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and 0% by mass (ie, Most preferred is a form in which the first composition does not contain a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt.
- a preferred form of the second composition is a form containing a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
- the second composition may further contain the additive as necessary.
- the content of the specific organosilicon compound in the second composition is preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and 0% by mass (ie, the first composition).
- the form in which the specific organosilicon compound is not contained in the composition 2 is most preferable.
- the lithium secondary battery of this invention is comprised including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and the said non-aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, a separator is provided between the negative electrode and the positive electrode as necessary.
- the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode metallic lithium, lithium alloy, carbon material capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions, tin oxide capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions, niobium oxide, oxidation Examples thereof include silicon that can be doped / undoped with vanadium, titanium oxide, or lithium ions.
- a carbon material that can dope / dedove lithium ions is preferable.
- Such a carbon material may be graphite or amorphous carbon.
- activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon black, mesocarbon microbeads, natural graphite and the like are used.
- the negative electrode active material a carbon material having a (002) plane spacing (d002) of 0.340 nm or less as measured by X-ray analysis is particularly preferable. Further, as the negative electrode active material, graphite having a density of 1.70 g / cm 3 or more or a highly crystalline carbon material having properties close thereto is desirable. When such a carbon material is used, the energy density of the battery can be further increased.
- transition metal oxides or transition metal sulfides such as MoS 2 , TiS 2 , MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 ; LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiNiO 2 A composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal such as X Co (1-X) O 2 and LiFePO 4 ; a conductive polymer material such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyacene, dimercaptothiadiazole / polyaniline composite; Etc.
- a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal is particularly preferable.
- a carbon material can also be used as the positive electrode.
- a mixture of a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal and a carbon material can be used.
- the separator is a porous membrane, and usually a microporous polymer film is preferably used.
- a microporous polymer film a porous polyolefin film is particularly preferable.
- a porous polyethylene film, a porous polypropylene film, or a multilayer film of a porous polyethylene film and polypropylene can be exemplified. .
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be formed into a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, a square shape, or any other shape.
- the basic structure of the battery is the same regardless of the shape, and the design can be changed according to the purpose.
- the structures of the cylindrical and coin-type batteries will be described.
- the negative electrode active material, the positive electrode active material, and the separator constituting each battery are commonly used.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte in the case of a cylindrical lithium secondary battery, includes a negative electrode obtained by applying a negative electrode active material to a negative electrode current collector and a positive electrode obtained by applying a positive electrode active material to a positive electrode current collector. Is wound through a separator into which is injected, and is housed in a battery can in a state where insulating plates are placed above and below the wound body.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can also be applied to a coin-type lithium secondary battery.
- a coin-type lithium secondary battery a disc-shaped negative electrode, a separator, a disc-shaped positive electrode, and a stainless steel or aluminum plate are stored in a coin-type battery can in a state of being laminated in this order.
- An example of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is a coin-type battery shown in FIG.
- a disc-shaped negative electrode 2, a separator 5, a disc-shaped positive electrode 1, and spacer plates 7 and 8 such as stainless steel or aluminum as necessary are stacked in this order.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is injected into the positive electrode can 3.
- the positive electrode can 3 and the sealing plate 4 are caulked and sealed via a gasket 6.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is manufactured by adding the specific organosilicon compound to the non-aqueous electrolyte and then putting it in a lithium secondary battery container.
- a method for producing the lithium secondary battery of the present invention the following method for producing a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is suitable. That is, the method for producing a lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes the specific organosilicon compound and a fluorine-containing alkali metal salt, and fluorine produced by a reaction between the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt.
- a step of injecting a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having a content of an organoorganic silicon compound of 0.2% by mass or less into the battery container may include other steps as necessary.
- the content of the fluorinated organosilicon compound in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 0.2% by mass after the step of injecting the nonaqueous electrolytic solution into the battery container. It is preferable to have the process charged in the following states.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte containing the specific organosilicon compound loses the effect of the specific organosilicon compound over time (the effect of reducing the initial battery resistance of the lithium secondary battery). It has become. That is, the organosilicon compound and the fluorine-containing alkali metal salt that is an electrolyte react to produce a fluorinated organosilicon compound (for example, trimethylsilyl fluoride) over time. The content in the water electrolyte increases. As described above, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention needs to contain 0.2% by mass or less of the fluorinated organosilicon compound. For that purpose, the specific organosilicon compound and the fluorine that is the electrolyte are used.
- the reaction time of the contained alkali metal salt is shorter.
- the specific organosilicon compound is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte immediately before the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery container, but the period from the addition to the injection is within one week. What is necessary is just to be within 3 days, Furthermore, it is within 1 day.
- the reaction starts from the time when the specific organosilicon compound is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte. When the electrolyte is allowed to stand at room temperature (23 ° C.), the added specific organosilicon compound is added for 2 days. This is because it is estimated that almost 30% or more is decomposed and approximately 50% or more is decomposed in one week and almost 100% is decomposed in one month.
- test battery after 10 cycles was charged with a constant voltage of 4.0 V, and the charged test battery was cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. in a thermostat.
- impedance of the cooled test battery was measured using a Solartron, and the resistance value [ ⁇ ] at 0.2 Hz was set as the initial battery resistance.
- the trimethylsilyl fluoride was identified by measurement using F19-NMR of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). As measurement conditions, heavy acetone was added under nitrogen to prepare a measurement sample. Taking CFCl3 as a reference at 0 ppm, the peak of trimethylsilyl fluoride can be detected around -157.4 ppm.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of negative electrode> 20 parts by mass of artificial graphite, 80 parts by mass of natural graphite, 1 part by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 2 parts by mass of SBR latex were kneaded with an aqueous solvent to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry. Next, this negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to a negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m, dried, and then compressed by a roll press to obtain a sheet-like negative electrode. The coating density of the negative electrode active material layer at this time was 10 mg / cm 2 , and the packing density was 1.5 g / ml.
- EC, EMC, and DMC were mixed as a non-aqueous solvent at a ratio of 30:40:30 (mass ratio), respectively.
- LiPF 6 as an electrolyte (fluorine-containing alkali metal salt) was dissolved in the obtained mixed solution so that the electrolyte concentration in the finally prepared nonaqueous electrolytic solution was 1 mol / liter.
- PRS and VC were added as additives to the solution obtained above so that the content in the finally prepared non-aqueous electrolyte was 0.5% by mass, respectively. .
- TMSP as a specific organosilicon compound is added to the solution to which PRS and VC are added so that the content in the finally prepared non-aqueous electrolyte is 1.0% by mass.
- An electrolytic solution was obtained.
- the prepared nonaqueous electrolytic solution was injected into the battery container on the same day as the preparation (that is, the addition of TMSP to the “solution to which PRS and VC were added”) as shown below.
- the negative electrode was 14 mm in diameter and the positive electrode was 13 mm in diameter, and each was punched into a disk shape to obtain a coin-shaped negative electrode and a coin-shaped positive electrode. Further, a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 17 mm to obtain a separator.
- the obtained coin-shaped negative electrode, separator, and coin-shaped positive electrode were laminated in this order in a stainless steel battery can (2032 size), and 20 ⁇ l of the non-aqueous electrolyte prepared above was injected into the separator. It was impregnated in the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte was injected into the battery container on the same day as the preparation. Furthermore, an aluminum plate (thickness 1.2 mm, diameter 16 mm) and a spring are placed on the positive electrode, and the battery can be sealed by caulking the battery can lid through a polypropylene gasket. A 3.2 mm coin-type lithium secondary battery was produced. An initial characteristic evaluation was performed on the obtained lithium secondary battery.
- Example 2 A lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of TMSP in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution was 2.0% by mass. An initial characteristic evaluation was performed on the obtained lithium secondary battery.
- Example 3 TMSP was added to the “solution containing PRS and VC” so that the content in the non-aqueous electrolyte was 1.0 mass%, and the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte was left at room temperature for 1 day. Then, a lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nonaqueous electrolyte after standing was poured into the battery container. An initial characteristic evaluation was performed on the obtained lithium secondary battery.
- Example 4 TMSP was added to the “solution to which PRS and VC were added” so that the content in the non-aqueous electrolyte was 1.0 mass%, and the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte was left at room temperature for 3 days. Then, a lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nonaqueous electrolyte after standing was poured into the battery container. An initial characteristic evaluation was performed on the obtained lithium secondary battery.
- TMSP was added to the “solution containing PRS and VC” so that the content in the non-aqueous electrolyte was 1.0% by mass, and the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 week. Then, a lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nonaqueous electrolyte after standing was poured into the battery container. An initial characteristic evaluation was performed on the obtained lithium secondary battery.
- TMSP was added to the “solution containing PRS and VC” so that the content in the non-aqueous electrolyte was 1.0 mass%, and the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte was left at room temperature for 4 weeks. Then, a lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nonaqueous electrolyte after standing was poured into the battery container. An initial characteristic evaluation was performed on the obtained lithium secondary battery.
- Table 1 summarizes the evaluation results of the non-aqueous electrolyte and the battery used in the test. In Table 1, “-” indicates no addition. The content of trimethylsilyl fluoride in the non-aqueous electrolyte was measured by NMR under the above conditions.
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Abstract
Description
このような電池として非水電解液を用いた二次電池があり、その代表的存在は、リチウムイオン二次電池である。
非水電解液に用いられる非水溶媒として、例えば、誘電率の高いカーボネート化合物が知られており、各種カーボネート化合物の使用が提案されている。また電解液として、例えば、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネートなどの前記高誘電率カーボネート化合物溶媒と、炭酸ジエチルなどの低粘度溶媒との混合溶媒に、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、Li2SiF6などの電解質を混合した溶液が用いられている。
例えば、電池抵抗の低減(特に、初期電池抵抗の低減)、電池寿命向上、安全性向上等を目的として、有機ケイ素化合物を含む非水電解液が提案されている(例えば、特開2001-57237号公報、特開平11-250919号公報、及び特開2001-319685号公報参照)。
従って、本発明は以下の目的を達成することを課題とする。
即ち、本発明の目的は、金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物を用いた非水電解液であって、初期電池抵抗が小さい非水電解液を提供することである。
また、本発明の目的は、前記非水電解液を用いた、初期電池抵抗が小さいリチウム二次電池及びその製造方法を提供することである。
また、本発明の目的は、金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物を用いた混合型非水電解液であって、初期電池抵抗が小さい混合型非水電解液を提供することである。
即ち、前記課題を解決するための具体的手段は以下のとおりである。
<4> <1>に記載の非水電解液を用いてなるリチウム二次電池。
<5> 金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物と、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、を含有し、前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下である非水電解液を、電池容器に注入する工程を有するリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
また、本発明によれば、前記非水電解液を用いた初期電池抵抗が小さいリチウム二次電池及びその製造方法を提供することである。
また、本発明によれば、金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物を用いた混合型非水電解液であって、初期電池抵抗が小さい混合型非水電解液を提供することである。
本発明の非水電解液は、金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物と、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、を含有し、前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下である。
非水電解液を上記本発明の構成とすることにより、該非水電解液を用いて作製されたリチウム二次電池の初期電池抵抗を小さくすることができる。
本発明における有機ケイ素化合物は、金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を含有する有機ケイ素化合物(以下、「特定有機ケイ素化合物」ともいう)である。
前記特定有機ケイ素化合物は、さらに詳しくは、一般式[1]で表される化合物である。
前記R2、前記R3、前記R4として具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、ビニル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、1-プロペニル基、2-プロペニル基、1-プロピニル基、2-プロピニル基、ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1-ブテニル基、2-ブテニル基、3-ブテニル基、2-メチル-2-プロペニル基、1-メチレンプロピル基、1-メチル-2-プロペニル基、1,2-ジメチルビニル基、1-ブチニル基、2-ブチニル基、3-ブチニル基、ペンチル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、3-メチルブチル基、1-メチル-2-メチルプロピル基、2,2-ジメチルプロピル基、フェニル基、メチルフェニル基、エチルフェニル基、ペンタメチルフェニル基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロピロキシ基、イソプロピロキシ基、ブトキシ基、sec-ブトキシ基、tert-ブトキシ基、ペントキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、フェノキシ基などが例示される。
即ち、マグネシウムビス(トリメチルシロキサイド)、ホウ酸トリス(トリメチルシリル)、ホウ酸トリス(トリメトキシシリル)、ホウ酸トリス(トリエチルシリル)、ホウ酸トリス(トリエトキシシリル)、ホウ酸トリス(ジメチルビニルシリル)、ホウ酸トリス(ジエチルビニルシリル)、アルミニウムトリス(トリメチルシロキサイド)、ジメトキシアルミノキシトリメチルシラン、ジメトキシアルミノキシトリメトキシシラン、ジエトキシアルミノキシトリメチルシラン、ジエトキシアルミノキシトリエトキシシラン、ジプロピロキシアルミノキシトリメチルシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリメチルシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリメトキシシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリエチルシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリエトキシシラン、ジプロポキシアルミノキシトリエトキシシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリプロピルシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリメトキシシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリエトキシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリプロピロキシシラン、ジブトキシアルミノキシトリフェノキシシラン、リン酸トリス(トリメチルシリル)、リン酸トリス(トリエチルシリル)、リン酸トリス(トリプロピルシリル)、リン酸トリス(トリフェニルシリル)、リン酸トリス(トリメトキシシリル)、リン酸トリス(トリエトキシシリル)、リン酸トリス(トリフェノキシシリル)、リン酸トリス(ジメチルビニルシリル)、リン酸トリス(ジエチルビニルシリル)、スカンジウムトリス(トリメチルシロキシド)、チタンテトラキス(トリメチルシロキシド)、チタンテトラキス(トリエチルシロキシド)、チタンテトラキス(トリメトキシシロキシド)、チタンオキシビス(トリメチルシロキシド)、バナジウムオキシトリス(トリメチルシロキシド)、亜鉛ビス(トリメチルシロキシド)、ゲルマニウムテトラキス(トリメチルシロキシド)、スズテトラキス(トリメチルシロキシド)、イットリウムトリス(トリメチルシロキシド)、ジルコニウムテトラキス(トリメチルシロキシド)、ニオブペンタキス(トリメチルシロキシド)などが挙げられる。
以上で説明した特定有機ケイ素化合物の非水電解液中における含有量(2種以上の場合には合計量)は、好ましくは0.001質量%以上、より好ましくは0.01~15質量%、さらに好ましくは0.01質量%~5質量%、さらに好ましくは0.1~10質量%、特に好ましくは0.3~5質量%である。
特定有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が前記範囲であると、充電時に起こる非水溶媒の還元分解反応をより低く抑えることができ、初期電池抵抗をより小さくすることができる。更に、特定有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が前記範囲であると、高温保存特性やサイクル特性などの電池寿命の向上、電池の充放電効率の向上、および低温特性の改善を図ることができる。
本発明の非水電解液は、非水溶媒を少なくとも1種含有する。
本発明における非水電解液は、電池特性(特に電池寿命と負荷特性及び低温特性)の向上の面から、下記一般式[2a]または下記一般式[2b]で表される環状炭酸エステルのうち少なくとも1種および/または鎖状炭酸エステルのうち少なくとも1種を含む非水溶媒を含有することが望ましい。
特に、誘電率が高いエチレンカーボネートとプロピレンカーボネートが好適に使用される。電池寿命の向上を特に意図した場合は、特にエチレンカーボネートが好ましい。また、これら環状炭酸エステルは2種以上混合して使用してもよい。
このような鎖状炭酸エステルが非水溶媒中に含まれていると、非水電解液の粘度をより低くすることが可能となり、電解質の溶解度をさらに高め、常温または低温での電気伝導性に優れた電解液とすることできる。このため電池の低温における負荷特性のような低温特性を改善することができる。
(前記で列挙した一般式中、a~fは5~250の整数、g~jは2~249の整数、5≦g+h≦250、5≦i+j≦250である。)
本発明の非水電解液は、電解質として、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩を含有する。
また、以下に列挙する一般式で示されるフッ素含有リチウム塩も使用することができる。
即ち、LiOSO2R8、LiN(SO2R9)(SO2R10)、LiC(SO2R11)(SO2R12)(SO2R13)、LiN(SO2OR14)(SO2OR15)、等である。ここで列挙した一般式中、R8~R15は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、炭素数1~6のパーフルオロアルキル基である。
これらのうち、特に、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiOSO2R8、LiN(SO2R9)(SO2R10)、LiC(SO2R11)(SO2R12)(SO2R13)、LiN(SO2OR14)(SO2OR15)が好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液中におけるフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩の濃度は、0.1~3モル/リットルが好ましく、0.5~2モル/リットルがより好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液中における全電解質の濃度は、0.1~3モル/リットルが好ましく、0.5~2モル/リットルがより好ましい。
これらの他の添加剤の合計の含有量は、本発明の非水電解液に対して、通常0.001質量%~30質量%以下、好ましくは0.01質量%~7質量%、更に好ましくは0.2質量%~5質量%である。
非水電解液中における前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量は、0.1質量%以下が好ましく、0質量%(即ち、前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物を全く含まない形態)が最も好ましい。
前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物としては、例えば、一般式〔1〕中の「[R1]n-M-O-」の部分を、フッ素原子に置き換えた化合物が挙げられる。具体的には1つのアルキル部分の炭素数がそれぞれ独立に1~4であるトリアルキルシリルフルオライドが挙げられ、より具体的には、トリメチルシリルフルオライドが挙げられる。
例えば、非水電解液に前記特定有機ケイ素化合物を添加すると、該非水電解液を用いて作製されたリチウム二次電池の初期電池抵抗を低下させるという効果が得られるが、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物を含む非水電解液中に、更にフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物が0.2質量%を超えて含まれる場合、当該効果が低下する。
例えば、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物であるリン酸トリス(トリメチルシリル)と、電解質であるフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩(例えば、LiPF6及び/又はLiBF4)と、が反応し、トリメチルシリル基とフッ素が結合し、フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物であるトリメチルシリルフルオライドが発生する。
また、前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物(例えば、トリメチルシリルフルオライド)は多量に発生した場合、負極上で反応し、有機ケイ素とフッ素を含んだガスを発生する。したがって、当該ガスの発生によっても前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物が生成していることを確認できる。さらには、電解質であるフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩が反応するため、伝導度低下も考えられる。
具体的には、非水電解液中における前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量は、0.2質量%以下であることが必要である。
本発明では、前記の特定有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応を抑制する観点より、非水電解液として、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物又は該特定有機ケイ素化合物を含有する第1の組成物と、前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩を含有する第2の組成物と、を有する組み合わせであるセット(本明細書中では、このセットを「混合型非水電解液」ともいう)を用いることも好ましい。
このセットにおいては、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物又は前記第1の組成物と、前記第2の組成物と、が電池の製造時に混合されて非水電解液を構成する。そして混合により得られた混合液(即ち、非水電解液)中におけるフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下の状態で用いられる。ここで、「用いられる」とは、電池容器に注入されること(好ましくは、更に、充電まで行われること)を指す。
即ち、本発明の混合型非水電解液は、特定有機ケイ素化合物、又は、該特定有機ケイ素化合物を含有する第1の組成物と、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩を含有する第2の組成物と、を有して構成され、前記有機ケイ素化合物又は前記第1の組成物と、前記第2の組成物と、が電池の製造時に混合され、得られた混合液中における、前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下の状態で用いられる混合型非水電解液である。
本発明の混合型非水電解液は、特定有機ケイ素化合物と、前記第2の組成物と、から構成される2液混合型非水電解液であってもよいし、前記第1の組成物と、前記第2の組成物と、から構成される2液混合型非水電解液であってもよいし、その他の組成物を有する3液以上の混合型非水電解液であってもよい。
中でも、取り扱い性等の観点からは、2液混合型非水電解液が好ましく、特定有機ケイ素化合物と、前記第2の組成物と、から構成される2液混合型非水電解液であることがより好ましい。
また、前記添加剤は、前記第1の組成物と前記第2の組成物とを混合する際に添加されてもよい。
また、3液以上の混合型非水電解液の場合、前記添加剤は、前記第1の組成物及び前記第2の組成物以外のその他の組成物に添加されてもよい。
また、第1の組成物中におけるフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩の含有量は、0.2質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.1質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0質量%(即ち、第1の組成物にフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩が含まれない形態)が最も好ましい。
また、第2の組成物中における特定有機ケイ素化合物の含有量は、0.2質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.1質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0質量%(即ち、第2の組成物に特定有機ケイ素化合物が含まれない形態)が最も好ましい。
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、負極と、正極と、前記の非水電解液と、を含んで構成される。さらに、必要に応じ、負極と正極との間にセパレータが設けられて構成される。
前記微多孔性ポリマーフィルムとしては、特に、多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムが好ましく、具体的には多孔性ポリエチレンフィルム、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、または多孔性のポリエチレンフィルムとポリプロピレンとの多層フィルムを例示することができる。
本発明のリチウム二次電池の一例として、図1に示すコイン型電池が挙げられる。
図1に示すコイン型電池では、円盤状負極2、セパレータ5、円盤状正極1、必要に応じて、ステンレス、又はアルミニウムなどのスペーサー板7,8が、この順序に積層された状態で、正極缶3(以下、「電池缶」や「電池容器」ともいう)と封口板4(以下、「電池缶蓋」ともいう)との間に収納される。更に、正極缶3には本発明の非水電解液が注入されている。
正極缶3と封口板4とはガスケット6を介してかしめ密封する。
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物を非水電解液に添加した後、リチウム二次電池の容器に入れることで製造される。
具体的には、本発明のリチウム二次電池を製造する方法としては、下記の本発明のリチウム二次電池の製造方法が好適である。
即ち、本発明のリチウム二次電池の製造方法は、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物と、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、を含有し、前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下である非水電解液を、電池容器に注入する工程を含む。
本発明のリチウム二次電池の製造方法は、必要に応じ、その他の工程を含んでいてもよい。
本発明のリチウム二次電池の製造方法は、更に、前記非水電解液を電池容器に注入する工程後、前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の前記非水電解液中における含有量が0.2質量%以下の状態で充電する工程を有することが好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液は、前述のようにフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量を0.2質量%以下とする必要があり、その為には前記の特定有機ケイ素化合物と、電解質であるフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、が反応する時間が短い方が好ましい。最も好ましいのは、非水電解液を電池容器に注入する直前に、前記特定有機ケイ素化合物を非水電解液中に添加することであるが、前記添加から前記注入までの期間は1週間以内であればよく、好ましくは3日以内、更には1日以内である。それは、この反応は、前記の特定有機ケイ素化合物を非水電解液中に添加した時点から始まり、室温(23℃)で電解液を放置した場合、添加した前記の特定有機ケイ素化合物は、2日間でほぼ3割以上が分解、1週間でほぼ5割以上が分解、1ヶ月でほぼ100%分解していることが推察されるからである。
また、以下の実験は、常温(23℃)で行った。また、各化合物は、以下のように記載する。
PRS:1,3-プロパ-1-エンスルトン
TMSP:リン酸トリス(トリメチルシリル)
VC:ビニレンカーボネート
EC:エチレンカーボネート
EMC:エチルメチルカーボネート
DMC:ジメチルカーボネート
試験用電池を、1mA定電流かつ4.2V定電圧で充電し、1mA定電流で2.85Vまで放電するサイクルを、10サイクル行った。
その際、1サイクル目の充電容量[mAh]及び放電容量[mAh]から、初回の充放電効率を下記式にて計算を行った。
=(1サイクル目の放電容量[mAh]/1サイクル目の充電容量[mAh])×100[%]
次に、冷却された試験用電池のインピーダンス測定をSolartron を用いて行い、0.2Hzでの抵抗値[Ω]を初期電池抵抗とした。
トリメチシリルフルオライドの特定は、NMR(核磁気共鳴)のF19-NMRを用いた測定により行った。
測定条件としては、窒素下にて重アセトンを添加し、測定サンプルとした。
CFCl3を0ppmと基準に取ると、トリメチルシリルフルオライドのピークは-157.4ppm付近に検出できる。
<負極の作製>
人造黒鉛20質量部、天然黒鉛系黒鉛80質量部、カルボキシメチルセルロース1質量部、及びSBRラテックス2質量部を、水溶媒で混練し、ペースト状の負極合剤スラリーを調製した。
次に、この負極合剤スラリーを厚さ18μmの帯状銅箔製の負極集電体に塗布し乾燥した後に、ロールプレスで圧縮してシート状の負極を得た。
このときの負極活物質層の塗布密度は10mg/cm2であり、充填密度は1.5g/mlであった。
LiCo2O4を90質量部、アセチレンブラック5質量部、及びポリフッ化ビニリデン5質量部を、N-メチルピロリジノンを溶媒として混練し、ペースト状の正極合剤スラリーを調製した。
次に、この正極合剤スラリーを厚さ20μmの帯状アルミ箔の正極集電体に塗布し乾燥した後に、ロールプレスで圧縮してシート状の正極を得た。このときの正極活物質層の塗布密度は30mg/cm2であり、充填密度は2.5g/mlであった。
非水溶媒としてECとEMCとDMCとを、それぞれ30:40:30(質量比)の割合で混合した。
得られた混合液中に、電解質(フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩)としてLiPF6を、最終的に調製される非水電解液中における電解質濃度が1モル/リットルとなるように溶解させた。
次に、前記で得られた溶液に対し、添加剤として、PRS及びVCを、最終的に調製される非水電解液中における含有量が、それぞれ0.5質量%ずつとなるように添加した。 次に、PRS及びVCが添加された溶液に、特定有機ケイ素化合物としてTMSPを、最終的に調製される非水電解液中における含有量が1.0質量%となるように添加し、非水電解液を得た。
調製された非水電解液は、以下に示すように、調製(即ち、「PRS及びVCが添加された溶液」へのTMSPの添加)と同日に電池容器に注入した。
上述の負極を直径14mmで、上述の正極を直径13mmで、それぞれ円盤状に打ち抜いて、コイン状の負極及びコイン状の正極をそれぞれ得た。また、厚さ20μmの微多孔性ポリエチレンフィルムを直径17mmの円盤状に打ち抜き、セパレータを得た。
得られたコイン状の負極、セパレータ、及びコイン状の正極を、この順序でステンレス製の電池缶(2032サイズ)内に積層し、上記で調製された非水電解液20μlを注入してセパレータと正極と負極とに含漬させた。ここで、前記非水電解液は、調製と同日に電池容器に注入した。
更に、正極上に、アルミニウム製の板(厚さ1.2mm、直径16mm)およびバネを乗せ、ポリプロピレン製のガスケットを介して、電池缶蓋をかしめることにより電池を密封し、直径20mm、高さ3.2mmのコイン型のリチウム二次電池を作製した。
得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
非水電解液中におけるTMSPの含有量を2.0質量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を得た。得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
前記「PRS及びVCが添加された溶液」へTMSPを、非水電解液中における含有量が1.0質量%となるように添加し、得られた非水電解液を常温で1日間放置し、該放置後の非水電解液を電池容器に注入したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を得た。得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
前記「PRS及びVCが添加された溶液」へTMSPを、非水電解液中における含有量が1.0質量%となるように添加し、得られた非水電解液を常温で3日間放置し、該放置後の非水電解液を電池容器に注入したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を得た。得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
非水電解液中にTMSPを含めなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を得た。得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
前記「PRS及びVCが添加された溶液」へTMSPを、非水電解液中における含有量が1.0質量%となるように添加し、得られた非水電解液を常温で1週間放置し、該放置後の非水電解液を電池容器に注入したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を得た。得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
前記「PRS及びVCが添加された溶液」へTMSPを、非水電解液中における含有量が1.0質量%となるように添加し、得られた非水電解液を常温で4週間放置し、該放置後の非水電解液を電池容器に注入したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を得た。得られたリチウム二次電池について、初期特性評価を実施した。
非水電解液中におけるトリメチルシリルフルオライドの含有量は、前記条件のNMRにて測定した。
表1で得られた結果より、「PRS及びVCが添加された溶液」へ特定有機ケイ素化合物を添加して非水電解液を調製し、前記添加後、長時間放置せずに非水電解液を電池容器に注入することで、リチウム二次電池の初期電池抵抗を小さくすることができることが確認できた。
一方で、特定有機ケイ素化合物の添加後、長時間放置した後に非水電解液を電池容器に注入することで、当該特定有機ケイ素化合物の初期抵抗低減効果が得られにくくなることが分かった。これは、特定有機ケイ素化合物と、電解質であるフッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、の反応によるものと考えられる。
実施例1~4中の非水電解液中の、トリメチルシリルフルオライドの含有量は、0.2質量%以下であった。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (7)
- 金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物と、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、を含有し、
前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下であることを特徴とする非水電解液。 - 前記有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.01質量%~5質量%である請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 請求項1に記載の非水電解液を用いてなるリチウム二次電池。
- 金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物と、フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩と、を含有し、前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下である非水電解液を、電池容器に注入する工程を有するリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記非水電解液を電池容器に注入する工程後、更に、
前記フッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の前記非水電解液中における含有量が0.2質量%以下の状態で充電する工程を有する請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。 - 金属原子、リン原子又はホウ素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物、又は、該有機ケイ素化合物を含有する第1の組成物と、
フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩を含有する第2の組成物と、
を有して構成され、
前記有機ケイ素化合物又は前記第1の組成物と、前記第2の組成物と、が電池の製造時に混合され、
得られた混合液中における、前記有機ケイ素化合物と前記フッ素含有アルカリ金属塩との反応により生成するフッ素化有機ケイ素化合物の含有量が0.2質量%以下の状態で用いられる混合型非水電解液。
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CN102113164A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
KR20110036107A (ko) | 2011-04-06 |
JPWO2010016521A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
KR101318482B1 (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
EP2312685A4 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
CN102113164B (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
EP2312685A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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US20110136018A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
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