WO2010013991A1

WO2010013991A1 - System of blocks for building walls

Info

Publication number: WO2010013991A1
Application number: PCT/MX2009/000053
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arturo Ramón ALVAREZ MOYSEN
Original assignee: Alvarez Moysen Arturo Ramon
Priority date: 2008-07-30
Filing date: 2009-06-05
Publication date: 2010-02-04

Abstract

The present invention relates to a foundation building block characterized in that it has four elements which correspond to two rectangular prisms (1) which are arranged in parallel and separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) situated opposite each other so as to form a recess (4) in the central part of the block and an internal cavity in the inside thereof. Its arrangement results in a new kind of foundation formed by filling with mortar the recess (4) located in the central part of the block and retaining the mortar deposited inside it, so that it remains concealed therein, the block being cemented to the foundation surface (10).

Description

BLOCK SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS.

DESCRIPTION

BACKGROUND AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION. The present invention relates to a set of assembled blocks for the construction of walls, totally different from those known. Due to their design, they allow the assembly of a block with another for the construction of a wall, these being easy and quick to install, also avoiding with this invention the waste of mortar as is the case with the conventional block, these block allows for its placement require a specialized workforce.

Due to its innovative design, each of the elements that make up these assembled blocks manages to reduce its weight without affecting its structure or operation, this is achieved by removing a significant part of its mass which represents a significant saving of material and greater ease of handling and placement optimizing it to the maximum.

In addition, currently for the displacement of said walls it is required to previously place a layer of mortar on the surface of the displacement proceeding to place the block or partition stick it and level it, taking care of the thickness of the nozzle. This operation requires skilled labor. In order to facilitate this construction process, a sliding block is also proposed, which allows a real change in a new and original way of gluing and placing the first course, applies only to the assembled block, which is also intended to be protected by means of of the present. 2009/000053

2

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1.- It is a view of the upper floor of the block of displacement.

Figure 2.- It is a view of the lower floor of the sliding block.

Figure 3.- It is a side elevation view of the displacer block. Figure 4.- It is a front elevation view of the displacer block.

Figure 5.- It is a cross-sectional view of the displacer block.

Figure 6.- It is a longitudinal section view of the displacer block.

Figure 7.- It is a cross-sectional view where the placement of the sliding block can be seen and on this the assembled block. Figure 8.- It is a view in longitudinal section of the sliding block where its placement can be seen with respect to the other sliding blocks in the first course and on this the assembly block row.

Figure 9.- It is a bottom perspective view of the sliding block.

Figure 10.- It is a top perspective view of the sliding block. Figure 11.- It is a front perspective view of the sliding block.

Figure 12.- It is a perspective view of a lateral side of the sliding block.

Figure 13 is a top plan view of the assembled block. Figure 14 is a view of the bottom floor of the assembled block. Figure 15 is a side elevation view of the assembled block.

Figure 16 is a front elevation view of the assembled block.

Figure 17 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side of the assembled block.

Figure 18 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side at a different angle of the assembled block. Figure 19 is a perspective view of the upper front elevation of the assembled block.

Figure 20 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side at a different angle of the assembled block. Figure 21 is a front view of two assembled blocks already placed.

Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the wall constructed with assembled blocks.

Figure 23 is a view of the upper floor of the lightened assembled block.

Figure 24 is a view of the lower floor of the lightened assembled block. Figure 25 is a front view of the lightened assembled block.

Figure 26 is a side view of the lightened assembled block.

Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of the lightened assembled block.

Figure 28 is a longitudinal sectional view of the lightened assembled block.

Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view of the wall where the placement of the lightened assembled block can be seen from its displacement.

Figure 30 is a side view of a set of lightened assembled blocks.

Figure 31 is a longitudinal sectional view of a set of lightened assembled blocks.

Figure 32 is a side perspective view where the cavity of the lightened assembled block is appreciated.

Figure 33 is a bottom side perspective view where the cavity and retentions of the central element of the lightened assembled block are appreciated.

Figure 34 is a perspective view of the upper surface where the lightened assembled block channel can be seen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

The present invention consists of a set of blocks similar to each other, but with different purposes in the construction process of a wall, the so-called sliding block with an innovative design is first explained, which makes it easier and faster to place. The first block called the sliding block is characterized by having a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function. Two of the elements are rectangular prisms (1) and are located parallel to each other on the outside of the block separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) that are located inside the block. Said trapezoidal prisms (2) are located opposite each other, separated by a space or gap (4) and the sides of each of the trapezoidal prisms (2), are attached to the rectangular prisms (1). The upper bases of the rectangular prisms (1) are elevated with respect to the upper surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2) forming a channel (3) with the upper part of each trapezoidal prism (2). Each of the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) will be superimposed on the sliding surface (10) and in the upper bases the assembled block of the next course (9) is superimposed, which will be described later as it is different from the sliding block that is now described. On the front surfaces of the rectangular prisms, a sliding block is joined with another, forming a joint (12). The base of the assembled block has a protrusion to embed in the channel (3) of the displacer block. The lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) have a slope (5) with respect to the horizontal with an angle that rises from the outer ends of its lower surface towards the hollow (4), without reaching this slope to the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2), thus forming a cavity (8) where the mortar is housed.

The lowest point of the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) is located at a higher level with respect to the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) leaving a space that forms a groove (6). The external front surface (7) of the trapezoidal prisms is sunk with respect to the front surface of the rectangular prisms (1), forming a vertical slit (11) within the junction of two adjacent shifting blocks. All surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2), except those that are attached to the rectangular prisms (1), have a striated and rough finish since it is these surfaces that will have contact with the mortar in the installation.

For installation, they will be placed aligned and bumping each of these blocks on the sliding surface (10), proceeding to fill the cavity (8) of each of the blocks with mortar through their holes (4) until they start to exit through the grooves (6) the mortar is subsequently applied to the channel (3), in turn introducing the mortar into the vertical grooves (11) so that when joining a block with another, avoiding the nozzles outside. The striated and rough surface finish serves for a better adhesion of the mortar with each of those surfaces.

For greater adhesion of the displacer course (13), rod ends (14) can be left previously drowned in the displacer surface (10) that coincide with the holes (4) of the displacer blocks, they can be in each of these or alternately, the height of these rods will not exceed the height of the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) and in these cases a concrete cement sand gravel will be used instead of the mortar, this solution would apply for seismic areas. The building block can have two or more trapezoidal prisms (2) between the rectangular prisms (1), the shape of the trapezoidal prisms (2) can vary without affecting its function.

On one of the front surfaces of each rectangular prism (1) there may be a protuberance which will embed in a groove located on the opposite front surface of the same rectangular prism. This protrusion and slit assembly seals the vertical joints between the blocks and aligns them. The sliding block can be made of any material such as clays, sand cement, cement rubber sands, any other lightened material known or to be known, in the same way the combination of these. The building block can be set, baked or dried. The presentation of the corresponding apparent exterior finish can be according to the mold or have a different texture.

The second block is the assembled block that has some characteristics similar to the sliding block that allows the construction of walls avoiding the waste of mortar in the horizontal joints of the wall, since its shape prevents it from spilling during the placement of a block on other. Furthermore, on the contact surfaces (15, 16) of the assembled block where the horizontal joints are formed there is no nozzle, which allows the placement of courses without the need for a guide line or ladder. The assembled block has the basic shape of a rectangular prism, preferably has three protuberances (17) equidistant from each other, distributed as along the central part of the bottom base of the assembled block, one in the center and the other two at each end of the assembled block. The protuberances (17) have the shape of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base attached to the bottom base of the assembled block. It also has a concavity (18) also in the form of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base arranged all along the central part of the upper surface of the assembled block and its minor base is the bottom of the concavity (18). which forms a channel similar to channel (3) of the displacer block described above. The angle of inclination of the sides of the trapezoidal prisms that form the concavity (18) and the protuberances (17) is the same, so that when the wall is constructed, the protuberances (17) of an assembled block embed in the concavities ( 18) of the assembled blocks of the lower course. The two protuberances (17) found at the ends of the assembled block have an inward inclination (17a) on their outer sides to allow two assembled blocks to join, the mortar fills the space formed between said blocks.

The sides of the concavity (18) are longer than the sides of the protuberances (17). Said difference in length allows the space between the smaller bases of the protuberances (17) and cavities (18) when the protrusions (17) and concavities (18), where the mortar will be applied before stacking a block over the previous course. In addition, since the concavity (18) is continuous, mortar can be applied over the entire course before starting with the next course, simplifying the construction of the wall and reducing the time required for it. On the lateral ends of the front face of the assembled block, which are the vertical contact surfaces (20) between blocks, there is a protuberance (21) arranged vertically from top to bottom. On the opposite front face of the block there is a slit (21a) in the vertical contact face (20a). This set of protuberance (21) and slit (21a) form the vertical joints of the wall, in which the protuberance (21) of an assembled block embeds with the slit (21a) of the adjacent block, without the need to use mortar.

Inside the block body at the base (22) of the concavity (18), a rod reinforcement is housed, which consists of a pair of parallel rod posts (24) joined perpendicularly by the vertices of a plurality of rods (23 ) in the form of "U". The number of rods (23) in the form of "U" is at least one for each protuberance (17) of the assembled block. The rod reinforcement is located along the upper part of the block body with the tips of the "U" shaped rods pointing towards the upper contact surfaces (15), and its function is to give resistance to the loads that could occur on the wall. This case will only be necessary according to project conditions where load walls are required.

Under the base (22) of the concavity (18), there is a gap along the block in its central part, from one front face of the assembled block to the other forming a tunnel (25) in the length of the block. This tunnel (25) has the function of allowing the easy incorporation of electrical or pipe installations into the wall once built. Likewise, in the lower base, between the protuberances (17) there are holes (26) that connect with the tunnel (25), whose function is to house the mortar that moves when compressed by the pressure produced by a block to be stacked on a course, also together with the tunnel (25), has the function of lightening the weight of the block. Next, a second modality of the assembled block will be described, which has been modified in some of its characteristics to make it lighter, achieving important improvements in its handling, placement and saving in the material required for its elaboration. The lightened assembled block for the construction of walls is characterized by having a rectangular prism shape consisting basically of three elements integrated with each other with a different function each.

The lightened assembled block is a combination of features of the assembled block and the displacer block described above. It is basically an assembled block, which does not have the tunnel (25) and only has two protuberances (17), one at each end of the lightened assembled block. The trapezoidal prism that makes up the concavity (18) of the block is replaced by rectangular prisms, so that the sides of this prism do not have inclinations, but retain the difference in lengths of the sides, so that the space (19) formed at assembling one block over another is preserved. The tunnel (25), the central protuberance (17) and the gaps (26) are replaced by a concavity (28) limited at its ends and bottom by the protuberances (17) of the ends of the block, and in its central part and superior by the base (22) of the concavity (18). The concavity (28) gives the block lightness and can be in the form of a trapezoidal prism or in the form of an arc since both designs provide the required strength.

The front surfaces (29) of the block are sunk with respect to the vertical contact surfaces (20) so that by joining two blocks, a space (29) is formed between them, allowing mortar to be glued to stick two adjacent blocks, being hidden the vertical nozzle The lightened assembled block for the construction of walls may have some variation in the shape of the cavity (28) that could well be in the form of a trapezoidal, arc or any other shape whose function is to lighten the central element. The lightened assembled block can be made of any material such as clays, sand cement, sand with rubber from waste tires and cement, and any other material known or to be known, in the same way the combination of these.

The lightened assembled building block can be set, baked and dried. The presentation of the exterior finish can be according to the mold or have a different texture.

Claims

Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, the content of the following clauses: 1. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembling and sliding blocks that have a general form of rectangular prism basically composed of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function characterized in that two of the elements of the sliding block are rectangular prisms (1) and are located parallel each other on the outside of the block separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) that are located inside the block; said trapezoidal prisms (2) are located opposite each other, separated by a space or gap (4) and the sides of each of the trapezoidal prisms (2), are attached to the rectangular prisms (1); the upper bases of the rectangular prisms (1) are elevated with respect to the upper surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2) forming a channel (3) with the upper part of each trapezoidal prism (2); on the front surfaces of the rectangular prisms a sliding block is joined with another, forming a joint (12); the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) have a slope (5) with respect to the horizontal with an angle that rises from the outer ends of its lower surface towards the hollow (4), without reaching this slope to the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2), thus forming a cavity (8) where the mortar is housed; 11 lowest point of the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) is located at a higher level with with respect to the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) leaving a space that forms a groove (6); the external front surface (7) of the trapezoidal prisms is sunk with respect to the front surface of the rectangular prisms (1), forming a vertical groove (11) within the junction of two adjacent shifting blocks; All surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2), except those that are attached to the rectangular prisms (1), have a ribbed and rough finish.

2. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding surface (10) has drowned rod tips (14), which coincide with the gaps (4) of the sliding blocks; The height of these rods does not exceed the height of the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2).

3. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a a different function according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the building block can have two or more trapezoidal prisms (2) between the rectangular prisms (1) and the shape of the trapezoidal prisms (2) can vary without Your function is affected.

4. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape basically consisting of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembled block preferably has three protrusions (17) equidistant from each other, distributed along the central part of the bottom base of the assembled block, one in the center and the other two at each end of the assembled block: the protuberances (17) have the shape of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base attached to the bottom base of the assembled block; It has a concavity (18) also in the form of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base arranged all along the central part of the upper surface of the assembled block and its minor base is the bottom of the concavity (18) which forms a channel similar to channel (3) of the displacer block described above; the angle of inclination of the sides of the trapezoidal prisms that form the concavity (18) and the protuberances (17) is the same, so that when the wall is constructed, the protuberances (17) of an assembled block embed in the concavities ( 18) of the assembled blocks of the lower course; the two protuberances (17) found at the ends of the assembled block have on their outer sides (17a) an inward inclination to allow two assemblable blocks to join, the mortar fills the space formed between said blocks; the sides of the concavity (18) are of greater length than the sides of the protuberances (17), said difference in length allows the space (19) to fill in the protuberances (18) and concavities (18) between the minor bases of the protuberances (17) and cavities (18), where the mortar will be applied before stacking a block on the previous course; below the base (22) of the concavity (18), there is a gap along the block in its central part, from one front face of the assembled block to the other forming a tunnel (25) in the length of the block; at the bottom base, between the protuberances (17) there are holes (26) that connect to the tunnel (25).

5. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the front surfaces (29) of the block are sunk with respect to the vertical contact surfaces (20) so that when joining two blocks, a space (29) is formed between these, allowing to lodge mortar to glue two adjacent blocks, being hidden the vertical nozzle.

6. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the assembled block does not have the tunnel (25) and only has two protuberances (17), one at each end of the lightened assembled block; It has a concavity (28) limited at its ends and lower part by the protuberances (17) of the ends of the block, and at its central and upper part by the base (22) of the concavity (18).

7. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the lightened assembled block for the construction of walls can have some variation in the shape of the cavity (28) that could well be in the form of a trapezoidal, arc or any other prism another way whose function is to lighten the central element.

8. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at the lateral ends of the front face of the block, which are the surfaces of vertical contact (20) between blocks, there is a protuberance (21) arranged vertically from top to bottom; on the opposite front face of the block there is a slit (21a) in the vertical contact face (20a). This set of protuberance (21) and slit (21a) form the vertical joints of the wall, in which the protuberance (21) of an assembled block embeds with the slit (21a) of the adjacent block, without the need to use mortar.

9. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four integrated elements all each other in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that within the body of the block at the base (22) of the concavity (18), a rod reinforcement, consisting of a pair of parallel rod posts (24) joined perpendicularly by the vertices of a plurality of "U" shaped rods; The rod reinforcement is located along the upper part of the block body with the tips of the "U" shaped rods pointing towards the upper contact surfaces (15), and its function is to give resistance to the lateral loads that could occur on the wall.