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WO2010002016A1 - REFRIGERANT COMPOSITION COMPRISING DIFLUOROMETHANE (HFC32) AND 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE (HFO1234yf) - Google Patents

REFRIGERANT COMPOSITION COMPRISING DIFLUOROMETHANE (HFC32) AND 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE (HFO1234yf) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010002016A1
WO2010002016A1 PCT/JP2009/062245 JP2009062245W WO2010002016A1 WO 2010002016 A1 WO2010002016 A1 WO 2010002016A1 JP 2009062245 W JP2009062245 W JP 2009062245W WO 2010002016 A1 WO2010002016 A1 WO 2010002016A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
refrigerant composition
mass
hfc32
hfo1234yf
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/062245
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French (fr)
Inventor
Tatsumi Tsuchiya
Katsuki Fujiwara
Masahiro Noguchi
Yasufu Yamada
Original Assignee
Daikin Industries, Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Daikin Industries, Ltd. filed Critical Daikin Industries, Ltd.
Publication of WO2010002016A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010002016A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mixed refrigerant composition containing difluoromethane (HFC32) and 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) for use in refrigeration and air- conditioning systems.
  • HFC32 difluoromethane
  • HFO1234yf 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene
  • 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene is one such propene (see, for example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2) .
  • 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene has a high boiling point, and therefore fails to retain refrigerating capacity when used in a single component.
  • a low global warming potential is obviously important; however, the energy use efficiency of the device using the refrigerant is equally, or — ? — more important.
  • the former is evaluated as a direct environmental impact, and the latter is as an indirect environmental impact.
  • LCCP Life Cycle Climate Performance
  • LCCP is now widely recognized for use in the comprehensive evaluation of refrigerants. Evaluations including an LCCP evaluation allow for the clear detection of environmental influence, and the appropriate selection of a refrigerant with a low environmental impact.
  • Patent Literature PTL 1 WO2005/105947
  • PTL 2 WO2006/094303
  • NPL 1 "LIFE CYCLE CLIMATE PERFORMANCE OF SOME APPLICATIONS IN JAPAN", HARUO ONISHI, 15 th Annual Earth Technologies Forum and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit, April 13-15, 2004 Conference Proceedings
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant, the refrigerant with a low GWP resulting in an excellent effect on direct environmental impact, and with a good energy efficiency when charged into an apparatus resulting in an excellent effect on indirect environmental impact; such excellent effects resulting in low LCCP, allowing production of a refrigerant with a comprehensively lowered environmental impact.
  • the present inventors carried out extensive research in view of the above problems, and found that the problems can be solved by using a refrigerant composition containing 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) , and preferably 14 to 22 mass% of HFC32 and 78 to 86 mass% of HFO1234yf, in an apparatus in which the refrigerant is circulated through a compressor to form a refrigeration cycle.
  • HFC32 difluoromethane
  • HFO1234yf 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene
  • the present invention has been accomplished based on the above finding.
  • the present invention provides the following refrigerant composition.
  • Item 1 A refrigerant composition comprising 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
  • Item 2 The refrigerant composition according to Item 1, comprising 14 to 22 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 78 to 86 mass% of 2, 3, 3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
  • HFC32 difluoromethane
  • HFO1234yf 2, 3, 3,3-tetrafluoropropene
  • Item 3 The refrigerant composition according to Item 1 or 2, which further comprises a polymerization inhibitor.
  • Item 4 The refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, which further comprises a drying agent.
  • Item 5 The refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which further comprises a stabilizer.
  • Item 6 A method of operating a refrigerator comprising circulating the refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5 through a compressor.
  • Item 7. A method of producing the refrigerant composition according to Item 1, comprising mixing 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) with 74 to 90 mass% of 2, 3, 3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
  • Item 8 A refrigerator comprising the refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5.
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention has a low global warming potential (GWP) compared to conventionally available refrigerants such as R407C and R410A.
  • GWP global warming potential
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention has no ozone depletion potential (ODP) ; therefore, it does not contribute to ozone layer depletion, even when not completely collected after use.
  • ODP ozone depletion potential
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention is excellent in LCCP evaluation, and its contribution to global warming is as low as, or lower than, that of the conventionally available refrigerants such as R407C or R410A, when used as a refrigerant for a heat pump apparatus .
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing LCCP in the refrigerant compositions obtained in Examples (see Test Examples 1 to 3) and Comparative Examples .
  • the present inventor conducted extensive research on the relationship between LCCP (Life Cycle Climate Performance) and the mixing ratios of HFC32 and HFO1234yf.
  • the LCCP was evaluated according to the method described in Test Example 1.
  • HFC32/HFO1234yf at a ratio of 10/90 to 26/74 mass%) has a lower environmental impact and achieves excellent effects in LCCP evaluation, while retaining a refrigerating capacity. Further, the refrigerant composition containing 12 to 25 mass% of HFC32 and 75 to 88 mass% of HFO1234yf (the refrigerant composition containing HFC32/HFO1234yf at a ratio of 12/88 to 25/75 mass%) achieves more excellent effects, and the refrigerant composition containing 14 to 22 mass% of HFC32 and 78 to 86 mass% of HFO1234yf (the refrigerant composition containing HFC32/HFO1234yf at a ratio of 14/86 to 22/78 mass%) achieves most excellent effects .
  • composition of the invention has high stability. If necessary, stabilizers may be added to meet the requirement of high stability under severe conditions .
  • stabilizers examples include (i) aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane; aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene; (ii) ethers such as 1,4-dioxane; amines such as 2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine; butylhydroxyxylene, benzotriazole, etc.
  • the stabilizers can be used singly or in a combination of two or more.
  • the amount of stabilizer may vary depending on the type of stabilizer, as long as it does not impair the performance of the composition. In general, the amount of stabilizer is preferably about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of HFC32 and HFO1234yf.
  • composition of the present invention may further contain a polymerization inhibitor.
  • a polymerization inhibitor examples thereof include 4- methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butyl phenol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole, etc.
  • the amount of polymerization inhibitor is preferably about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of HFC32 and HFO1234yf.
  • the composition of the present invention may further contain a drying agent.
  • a refrigeration cycle can be formed by circulating the refrigerant composition of the present invention through a compressor. It is also possible to produce an apparatus for forming a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant composition of the present invention is circulated through a compressor.
  • refrigerating systems capable of using the refrigerant composition of the invention include, but are not limited to, car air conditioners, refrigerating units for automatic vending machines, industrial/household air conditioners, gas heat pumps (GHP) /electrical heat pumps (EHP), etc.
  • GFP gas heat pumps
  • EHP electric heat pumps
  • the present refrigerant composition is applicable for industrial or household air conditioners whose downsizing is desired.
  • HFC32 and HFO1234yf were used as refrigerants, and mixed in the following ratio (HFC32/HFO1234yf) : 10.6/89.4 in
  • Example 1 14.3/85.7 in Example 2, 18.0/82.0 in Example 3,
  • Example 4 21.8/78.2 in Example 4, and 25.5/74.5 in Example 5 (figures are expressed in mass%) .
  • [cooling rated] capacity 4kW
  • evaporating temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator 1O 0 C
  • condensing temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser 45 0 C;
  • the refrigerant pipe used for the operation had a length of 7.5 m.
  • HFC32 and HFO1234yf were used as refrigerants and mixed in the following ratio: 5.0/95.0 in Comparative Example 1, 6.9/93.1 in Comparative Example 2,
  • APF (annual total load) / (annual power consumption)
  • the sum of the cooling/heating capacity required for year (annual total load) is 8,015 kWh when the rated cooling capacity is 4kW.
  • LCCP Direct impact (kg-CO 2 ) + Indirect impact (kg-CO 2 )
  • Direct impact (leakage during charging at a manufacturing plant) + (annual regular leakage) + (annual irregular leakage) + (leakage during servicing) + (leakage during disposal)
  • the direct impact and indirect impact can be obtained by the following formulae.
  • N operation period of the system (year)
  • M amount (kg) charged into the system
  • ⁇ recovery rate during the disposal of the system (recovery amount/charge amount)
  • Fig. 1 shows LCCP in the refrigerant compositions of the present invention, based on the results of Tables 1 to 3.
  • the results reveal that, regarding LCCP, i.e., an index reflecting direct and indirect impacts of carbon dioxide gas, the refrigerant of the present invention has a lower LCCP level than R410A and R407C, which indicates that the refrigerant composition having 10 to 26 mass% (particularly, 14 to 22 mass%) of HFC32 has a low environmental impact.
  • the mixed refrigerant composition of the present invention is effective as a refrigerant composition for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a refrigerant with a comprehensively lowered environmental impact, including a low global warming potential resulting in an excellent effect on direct environmental impact, and a good energy efficiency when charged into an apparatus resulting in an excellent effect on indirect environmental impact, and low LCCP. Specifically, the present invention relates to a refrigerant composition containing 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf).

Description

DESCRIPTION
Title of Invention: REFRIGERANT COMPOSITION COMPRISING DIFLUOROMETHANE (HFC32) AND 2, 3, 3, 3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE
(HFO1234yf)
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a mixed refrigerant composition containing difluoromethane (HFC32) and 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) for use in refrigeration and air- conditioning systems.
Background Art
With global warming becoming an increasingly serious issue worldwide, the development of environmentally friendly refrigeration and air-conditioning systems has become increasingly important . Refrigerants have a great influence not only on global warming, but also on the performance of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Therefore, the selection of a refrigerant has an important role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to global warming.
Recently, various partially-fluorinated propenes having a double bond in the molecule, with a lower global warming potential (GWP) than known chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) , hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) , and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) , have been proposed.
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) is one such propene (see, for example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2) . Compared to HCFC22 conventionally used for stationary air conditioners, or to R407C and R410A developed as substitutes for HCFC22 that are uninvolved in the depletion of the ozone layer, 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene has a high boiling point, and therefore fails to retain refrigerating capacity when used in a single component.
In selecting a refrigerant, a low global warming potential (GWP) is obviously important; however, the energy use efficiency of the device using the refrigerant is equally, or — ? — more important. The former is evaluated as a direct environmental impact, and the latter is as an indirect environmental impact. LCCP (Life Cycle Climate Performance) has been proposed as an objective index for these evaluations (see, for example, Non- Patent Literature 1) . LCCP is now widely recognized for use in the comprehensive evaluation of refrigerants. Evaluations including an LCCP evaluation allow for the clear detection of environmental influence, and the appropriate selection of a refrigerant with a low environmental impact.
Citation List Patent Literature PTL 1: WO2005/105947 PTL 2: WO2006/094303
Non Patent Literature
NPL 1: "LIFE CYCLE CLIMATE PERFORMANCE OF SOME APPLICATIONS IN JAPAN", HARUO ONISHI, 15th Annual Earth Technologies Forum and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit, April 13-15, 2004 Conference Proceedings
Summary of Invention Technical Problem
When a refrigerant having a high boiling point is used at a low operating pressure, the vapor compression refrigeration cycle has an insufficient capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the size of the device etc. to ensure the desired cooling or heating capacity, which normally results in a deteriorated indirect impact due to pressure loss. An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant, the refrigerant with a low GWP resulting in an excellent effect on direct environmental impact, and with a good energy efficiency when charged into an apparatus resulting in an excellent effect on indirect environmental impact; such excellent effects resulting in low LCCP, allowing production of a refrigerant with a comprehensively lowered environmental impact.
Solution to Problem
The present inventors carried out extensive research in view of the above problems, and found that the problems can be solved by using a refrigerant composition containing 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) , and preferably 14 to 22 mass% of HFC32 and 78 to 86 mass% of HFO1234yf, in an apparatus in which the refrigerant is circulated through a compressor to form a refrigeration cycle. The present invention has been accomplished based on the above finding.
Specifically, the present invention provides the following refrigerant composition. Item 1. A refrigerant composition comprising 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
Item 2. The refrigerant composition according to Item 1, comprising 14 to 22 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 78 to 86 mass% of 2, 3, 3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
Item 3. The refrigerant composition according to Item 1 or 2, which further comprises a polymerization inhibitor.
Item 4. The refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, which further comprises a drying agent. Item 5. The refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which further comprises a stabilizer.
Item 6. A method of operating a refrigerator comprising circulating the refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5 through a compressor. Item 7. A method of producing the refrigerant composition according to Item 1, comprising mixing 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) with 74 to 90 mass% of 2, 3, 3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
Item 8. A refrigerator comprising the refrigerant composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5. Advantageous Effects of Invention
The following effects can be achieved by the refrigerant composition of the invention. (1) The refrigerant composition of the invention has a low global warming potential (GWP) compared to conventionally available refrigerants such as R407C and R410A.
(2) The refrigerant composition of the invention has no ozone depletion potential (ODP) ; therefore, it does not contribute to ozone layer depletion, even when not completely collected after use.
(3) The refrigerant composition of the invention is excellent in LCCP evaluation, and its contribution to global warming is as low as, or lower than, that of the conventionally available refrigerants such as R407C or R410A, when used as a refrigerant for a heat pump apparatus .
Brief Description of Drawing
FIG. 1 is a graph showing LCCP in the refrigerant compositions obtained in Examples (see Test Examples 1 to 3) and Comparative Examples .
Description of Embodiments
The present inventor conducted extensive research on the relationship between LCCP (Life Cycle Climate Performance) and the mixing ratios of HFC32 and HFO1234yf. The LCCP was evaluated according to the method described in Test Example 1.
The evaluation results reveal that the refrigerant composition containing 10 to 26 mass% of HFC32 and 74 to 90 mass% of HFO1234yf (the refrigerant composition containing
HFC32/HFO1234yf at a ratio of 10/90 to 26/74 mass%) has a lower environmental impact and achieves excellent effects in LCCP evaluation, while retaining a refrigerating capacity. Further, the refrigerant composition containing 12 to 25 mass% of HFC32 and 75 to 88 mass% of HFO1234yf (the refrigerant composition containing HFC32/HFO1234yf at a ratio of 12/88 to 25/75 mass%) achieves more excellent effects, and the refrigerant composition containing 14 to 22 mass% of HFC32 and 78 to 86 mass% of HFO1234yf (the refrigerant composition containing HFC32/HFO1234yf at a ratio of 14/86 to 22/78 mass%) achieves most excellent effects .
The GWP (Integration Time Horizon; ITH=100yr) of HFC32 is 675, and that of HFO1234yf is 4. When the content of HFC32 in the mixed refrigerant becomes 21.8 mass% or less, the GWP (ITH=100yr) of the mixed refrigerant becomes 150 or less.
The composition of the invention has high stability. If necessary, stabilizers may be added to meet the requirement of high stability under severe conditions .
Examples of such stabilizers include (i) aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane; aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene; (ii) ethers such as 1,4-dioxane; amines such as 2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine; butylhydroxyxylene, benzotriazole, etc. The stabilizers can be used singly or in a combination of two or more.
The amount of stabilizer may vary depending on the type of stabilizer, as long as it does not impair the performance of the composition. In general, the amount of stabilizer is preferably about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of HFC32 and HFO1234yf.
The composition of the present invention may further contain a polymerization inhibitor. Examples thereof include 4- methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butyl phenol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole, etc.
In general, the amount of polymerization inhibitor is preferably about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of HFC32 and HFO1234yf. The composition of the present invention may further contain a drying agent.
A refrigeration cycle can be formed by circulating the refrigerant composition of the present invention through a compressor. It is also possible to produce an apparatus for forming a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant composition of the present invention is circulated through a compressor.
Examples of refrigerating systems capable of using the refrigerant composition of the invention include, but are not limited to, car air conditioners, refrigerating units for automatic vending machines, industrial/household air conditioners, gas heat pumps (GHP) /electrical heat pumps (EHP), etc. Particularly, the present refrigerant composition is applicable for industrial or household air conditioners whose downsizing is desired.
Examples
The present invention will be described in more detail below by way of Examples; however, the invention is not limited thereto .
Test Example 1
HFC32 and HFO1234yf were used as refrigerants, and mixed in the following ratio (HFC32/HFO1234yf) : 10.6/89.4 in
Example 1, 14.3/85.7 in Example 2, 18.0/82.0 in Example 3,
21.8/78.2 in Example 4, and 25.5/74.5 in Example 5 (figures are expressed in mass%) . Using a heat pump apparatus, operation was conducted under the following conditions : [cooling rated] capacity: 4kW, evaporating temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator: 1O0C, condensing temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser: 450C;
[cooling intermediate] capacity: 2kW, evaporating temperature:
170C, condensing temperature: 420C; [heating rated ] capacity: 5kW, evaporating temperature: O0C, condensing temperature: 420C;
[heating intermediate] capacity: 2.5kW, evaporating temperature:
2°C, condensing temperature: 320C.
Degrees of superheat and subcool were set to O0C in each condition.
The refrigerant pipe used for the operation had a length of 7.5 m.
As Comparative Examples, HFC32 and HFO1234yf were used as refrigerants and mixed in the following ratio: 5.0/95.0 in Comparative Example 1, 6.9/93.1 in Comparative Example 2,
29.2/70.8 in Comparative Example 3, 36.7/63.3 in Comparative Example 4, and 44.1/55.9 in Comparative Example 5 (figures are expressed in mass%) . The heat pump apparatus with the same refrigerant pipe length as above was operated under the same conditions.
The results were used for calculating the annual power consumption (kWh) in conformity with JRA 4046:2004. APF (Annual Performance Factor) was obtained using the following formula.
APF = (annual total load) / (annual power consumption) The sum of the cooling/heating capacity required for year (annual total load) is 8,015 kWh when the rated cooling capacity is 4kW.
Based on the above result, the LCCP was evaluated. LCCP = Direct impact (kg-CO2) + Indirect impact (kg-CO2) Direct impact = (leakage during charging at a manufacturing plant) + (annual regular leakage) + (annual irregular leakage) + (leakage during servicing) + (leakage during disposal)
Indirect impact = (CO2 emissions during the use of the air conditioning system) + (CO2 emissions during production and transportation of the refrigerant)
Specifically, the direct impact and indirect impact can be obtained by the following formulae.
Direct impact = GWP x M x (1-α) + GWPAE X M Indirect impact = N x E x β GWP: global warming potential in terms of CO2 per kg (kg-CO2/kg) , integration time horizon (ITH) : 100 years GWPaE: Additional GWP caused by release during production etc.
(including those caused by leakage of by-products etc., and indirect release)
N: operation period of the system (year) N = 12 M: amount (kg) charged into the system M = 1.3 α: recovery rate during the disposal of the system (recovery amount/charge amount) α = 0.6
E: annual power consumption of the system (kWh/year) β: CO2 emissions necessary for IkWh power generation (kg-
CO2/kWh) β = 0.378
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Figure imgf000009_0001
Test Example 2
Using the same refrigerants as in Test Example 1, the heat pump apparatus was operated under the same conditions as in Test Example 1, except for using a refrigerant pipe 5 m in length. The results are shown in Table 2 (Examples 6 to 10, Comparative Examples 6 to 10) . Table 2
Figure imgf000010_0001
Test Example 3
Using the same refrigerants as in Test Example 1, the heat pump apparatus was operated under the same conditions as in Test Example 1, except for using a refrigerant pipe 10 m in length. The results are shown in Table 3 (Examples 11 to 15, Comparative Examples 11 to 15) .
Table 3
Figure imgf000010_0002
Test Example 4
As Comparative Examples, the heat pump apparatus with the same refrigerant pipe length was operated under the same conditions as in Test Example 1, using R410A (Comparative Example 16) and R407C (Comparative Example 17) as refrigerants. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Figure imgf000011_0001
Fig. 1 shows LCCP in the refrigerant compositions of the present invention, based on the results of Tables 1 to 3. The results reveal that, regarding LCCP, i.e., an index reflecting direct and indirect impacts of carbon dioxide gas, the refrigerant of the present invention has a lower LCCP level than R410A and R407C, which indicates that the refrigerant composition having 10 to 26 mass% (particularly, 14 to 22 mass%) of HFC32 has a low environmental impact.
Industrial Applicability
The mixed refrigerant composition of the present invention is effective as a refrigerant composition for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

Claims

[Claim 1] A refrigerant composition comprising 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
[Claim 2] The refrigerant composition according to claim 1, comprising 14 to 22 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 78 to 86 mass% of 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
[Claim 3] The refrigerant composition according to claim 1, which further comprises a polymerization inhibitor.
[Claim 4] The refrigerant composition according to claim 1, which further comprises a drying agent.
[Claim 5] The refrigerant composition according to claim 1, which further comprises a stabilizer.
[Claim 6] A method of operating a refrigerator comprising circulating the refrigerant composition according to claim 1 through a compressor.
[Claim 7] A method of producing the refrigerant composition according to claim 1, comprising mixing 10 to 26 mass% of difluoromethane (HFC32) with 74 to 90 mass% of 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) .
[Claim 8] A refrigerator comprising the refrigerant composition according to claim 1.
PCT/JP2009/062245 2008-07-01 2009-06-30 REFRIGERANT COMPOSITION COMPRISING DIFLUOROMETHANE (HFC32) AND 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE (HFO1234yf) WO2010002016A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US12950108P 2008-07-01 2008-07-01
US61/129,501 2008-07-01
US11289608P 2008-11-10 2008-11-10
US61/112,896 2008-11-10

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011030026A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-03-17 Arkema France Binary refrigerating fluid
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WO2011093521A1 (en) * 2010-01-27 2011-08-04 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane (hfc32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (hfo1234yf)
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