WO2010082543A1 - エレクトロスプレーにより薬剤を生体内へ注入する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
エレクトロスプレーにより薬剤を生体内へ注入する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010082543A1 WO2010082543A1 PCT/JP2010/050164 JP2010050164W WO2010082543A1 WO 2010082543 A1 WO2010082543 A1 WO 2010082543A1 JP 2010050164 W JP2010050164 W JP 2010050164W WO 2010082543 A1 WO2010082543 A1 WO 2010082543A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/30—Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
- A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for injecting a drug into a living body from a device that is not in contact with the living body.
- the present invention is a method and apparatus for injecting a drug into a living body using electrospray.
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for injecting a drug difficult to be administered orally, such as a peptide or protein drug, into a living body.
- Injection is widely used as a method for injecting a drug into a living body.
- injection pierces the skin, it imposes a burden on the patient to which it is applied, such as pain and skin degeneration, and is a serious problem particularly in chronic diseases such as diabetes that require injection over a long period of time.
- the needle touches the blood during administration of a drug by injection, infection by a viral disease or the like due to an erroneous operation that is accidentally stabbed by a medical worker has become a problem.
- fear of sticking with a needle is also a major problem, particularly when the patient is an infant or a child and often gives a mental shock.
- Oral administration is the simplest method of drug administration, but peptides and protein drugs are ineffective because they are degraded and denatured by the action of gastric acid and degrading enzymes when passing through the digestive tract.
- peptides and protein drugs are ineffective because they are degraded and denatured by the action of gastric acid and degrading enzymes when passing through the digestive tract.
- insulin which is a peptidic drug widely used as a therapeutic drug for diabetes
- proteins such as antibodies and peptide pharmaceuticals tend to increase, and the development of their administration methods replacing injections is important not only for therapeutic efficiency but also for patient quality of life (QOL).
- Electrospray collects electric charges at the nozzle tip by applying a high voltage to the nozzle for spraying, and passes the liquid through the nozzle tip where the electric charge is collected to form fine liquid droplets, which are applied to the counter electrode. It is a method of spraying at high speed. Electrospray is widely known as an ionization method for mass spectrometry. Usually, the sample to be analyzed is dissolved in a liquid and ionized by electrospraying. Recently, a method for mass spectrometry of surface molecules by applying charged droplets generated by electrospray, called desorption electrospray ionization, to the surface has been developed. (For example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Furthermore, a method of applying a foundation using this electrospray and a method of spraying agricultural chemicals have been developed (Patent Documents 4 and 5). However, application and spreading are at a level that adheres to the surface.
- the subject of this invention is providing the method and apparatus which can inject
- a method and apparatus for injecting peptide drugs such as insulin is provided.
- Another problem is that no special consumables other than the drug solution or suspension are required.
- a drug can be injected into a living body by electrospraying a solution or suspension of the drug. That is, the present invention is achieved by the following method. (1) Provided with a nozzle that electrosprays a solution or suspension of a drug on a living body, and a high potential difference is formed between the nozzle and the living body so that the electrosprayed drug is injected into the living body. An apparatus for injecting a drug into a living body, wherein a voltage is applied to a nozzle. (2) The apparatus according to (1), further including a high voltage power source for applying a voltage to the nozzle.
- the apparatus according to (2) further comprising a container for storing a drug solution or suspension and a pump for sending the drug solution or suspension from the container to the nozzle.
- the device according to (1) further including means for disposing the nozzle in the oral cavity or the nasal cavity in a non-contact manner with the inner wall thereof.
- the inner diameter of the tip of the nozzle is 0.02 to 3 mm, a voltage is applied to the nozzle so that the potential difference from the living body is 1 to 30 kV, and the maximum current of the high-voltage power supply that applies the voltage is set.
- the solution or suspension of the drug comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a water-soluble polymer, a sugar, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, and a zinc salt (6) The device described in 1.
- the solution or suspension of the drug comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a water-soluble polymer, a sugar, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, and a zinc salt (12) The method described in 1. (14) The method according to (12), wherein the drug to be injected contains deoxycholic acid or a salt thereof (15) The method according to (12), wherein the drug to be injected is insulin. (16) A pharmaceutical composition prepared for injection into a living body by electrospray, wherein a drug containing a peptide or protein component is dissolved or suspended in a solvent or dispersion medium.
- the present invention When the present invention is used as an alternative to a syringe when a drug difficult to be administered orally is administered in vivo, it is not necessary to puncture the skin with a needle. For this reason, the fear associated with the injection is resolved, and the risk of infection by the needle and the risk of skin degeneration are greatly reduced. Also, special consumables such as cylinders are not necessary. Furthermore, administration of peptidic drugs that are particularly difficult to administer orally is possible with the present invention.
- the present invention is a method and apparatus for injecting a drug into a living body by electrospray.
- a high voltage is applied to the nozzle, the liquid is electrostatically miniaturized from the nozzle to cause spraying, and the liquid has a potential difference from this.
- a method and apparatus for injecting a drug into a living body using spraying on the living body is a method and apparatus for injecting a drug into a living body by electrospraying a solution or suspension of the drug from a nozzle that is not in contact with the living body and to which a high voltage is applied.
- organisms that can inject a drug into a living body according to the present invention include mammals such as humans and animals such as birds.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the present invention and its method of use.
- the nozzle 1 is supplied with a drug solution or suspension 2.
- the high voltage power supply 3 causes the nozzle to generate a potential difference with the living body 4. Since a high voltage is applied to the drug solution or suspension at the nozzle, it is charged at the tip of the nozzle, sprayed as fine droplets, and selectively injected into a living body having a potential difference.
- Examples of the site where the drug is injected include living body skin, oral cavity, eyes, or nasal cavity such as nostril.
- a particularly effective drug injection site is the oral cavity or nasal cavity.
- the inner diameter of the nozzle tip used is preferably 0.02 to 3 mm, particularly preferably 0.05 to 1 mm.
- the nozzle material can be plastic, metal, or glass. Of these, plastics and metals are preferable. Specifically, polyether ether ketone, polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon (registered trademark), polycarbonate, polystyrene, silicone resin, synthetic rubber, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, nylon, ABS, methylpentene resin. , Polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium and the like.
- the potential difference between the portion to which the nozzle voltage is applied and the living body is preferably 1 to 30 kV. If the potential difference is 1 kV or more, electrospray easily occurs. If it is 30 kV or less, since the insulation is easy, the apparatus becomes inexpensive, and the possibility of occurrence of spark discharge is extremely low because the discharge is difficult to occur.
- the polarity of the voltage applied to the nozzle may be positive or negative.
- the maximum current of the high voltage power supply is preferably limited to 200 ⁇ A. If the maximum current of the high voltage power supply is limited to 200 ⁇ A, a current exceeding 200 ⁇ A will not flow through the living body, and the living body will not feel pain or electric shock-like stimulation.
- a method of applying a voltage to a solution or suspension of a drug includes a method in which a conductive nozzle is used to apply the voltage to the entire nozzle, a method in which an insulating nozzle is used, an electrode is disposed inside, and a nozzle is further applied.
- the tip is an insulating material, and a place where a voltage is applied is separated from the tip.
- FIG. 2 shows a specific nozzle shape.
- the entire nozzle is a conductive material such as metal, and a voltage is applied by contacting a solution or suspension of the drug therewith. It is also possible to coat the outside of the nozzle with an insulating material.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic view when an electrode for applying a voltage is inserted in the nozzle.
- the tip of the nozzle is made of an insulating material, and the portion connected to the high voltage power source is a conductive substance, and is charged by passing a solution or suspension of the drug through the conductive portion.
- This method cannot be used when the drug solution or suspension is insulating.
- most drugs can be used without problems because they contain water as a component.
- the shape of the nozzle is not particularly limited as long as the electric field is concentrated and electrospray is possible, but a tube shape is preferable because it is easy to use.
- the distance between the nozzle tip and the living body is preferably 1 to 80 mm, particularly preferably 2 to 30 mm. If the distance between the tip of the nozzle and the living body is less than 1 mm, spark discharge is likely to occur, so the voltage must be lowered. If it is more than 80 mm, the speed of the liquid drops due to air resistance and the amount of drug injected is significantly reduced. To do.
- FIG. 3A shows the appearance, and B shows the arrangement of the internal components.
- the nozzle 1 is connected to the housing 6, and a switch 5 is attached to the housing 6.
- FIG. 3B This internal structure is shown in FIG. 3B.
- a high voltage power source 3, a container 9, a battery 7, and a pump 8 exist inside the housing.
- a battery 7 supplies power to the high voltage power supply 3 and the pump 8.
- the output of the high voltage power supply 3 and the nozzle 1 are connected inside the casing so that a high voltage is applied to the nozzle 1.
- Container 9 contains a liquid or suspension to be electrosprayed.
- a pump 8 is connected to the container 9 and pushes the solution or suspension of the drug inside the container to the nozzle.
- the order of connection between the container and the pump varies depending on the type of pump. For example, if the container is a cylinder and the pump pushes its plunger, the container is connected to the nozzle. On the other hand, when the pump sucks the liquid or suspension in the container with a tube pump, the pump is connected to the nozzle.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram, and components actually used may require relays, resistors, capacitors, semiconductor components, etc., but these are not shown.
- the power of the battery 7 is connected to be supplied to the high voltage power supply 3 and the pump 8 via the switch 5, and the high voltage power supply 3 and the pump 8 are interconnected.
- the high voltage power supply 3 amplifies power from the battery and supplies a high voltage to the nozzle 1.
- the nozzle 1 electrosprays the living body 4 by applying a solution or suspension of the medicine in the container 9 supplied by the pump 8 to a high voltage.
- the living body 4 needs to be at a ground potential in order to cause a potential difference with the high voltage power supply 3.
- the living body 4 may be connected to the ground of the high voltage power supply 3.
- a cable or the like can also be used for connection.
- the living body can be set to the ground potential.
- the device of the present invention can be injected regardless of whether the drug is a low molecule or a high molecule.
- peptide or protein drugs that are difficult to administer orally with the device of the present invention.
- peptide and protein drugs include peptide hormones, antibodies, vaccines, and more specifically, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, erythropoietin, interferon, interleukin, interleukin-1 receptor, calcitonin, epithelial small Examples include body hormone (PTH-34), ⁇ -1 antitrypsin, growth hormone releasing factor, heparin, influenza virus vaccine, deoxynuclease, amylin and the like.
- drugs other than peptides and proteins include adrenaline. Among these, it is expected that the device of the present invention is suitably used as an alternative to a syringe by administration of insulin, which is a therapeutic agent for diabetes, which has a large number of patients.
- the drug solution or suspension used in the device of the present invention may be composed of only the drug and the solvent or dispersion medium, or may contain other components.
- the drug solution or suspension is prepared by dissolving or suspending a drug containing a peptide or protein component in a solvent or a dispersion medium and storing the drug in a suitable container as required, according to the method of the present invention. It may be provided as a pharmaceutical composition prepared in a form suitable for injection into a living body by electrospraying.
- the solvent or dispersion medium for preparing the solution or suspension is not particularly limited, and water, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, fats and oils, etc. may be used as necessary. Water is particularly preferable. When water is used, the pH and the like are not particularly limited as long as the stability of the drug is ensured.
- the drug solution or suspension contains components other than the drug and the solvent or dispersion medium.
- any of surfactants, water-soluble polymers, sugars, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and zinc salts can be used to increase injection efficiency.
- surfactants include bile salts such as taurocholate, glycocholate and deoxycholate, fusidates such as taurodehydrofusidate, and biocompatibles such as Tween (registered trademark) and Laureth-9.
- Surfactant for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether).
- water-soluble polymers include polyethylene glycol, alginic acid, agarose, and polyvinyl alcohol.
- sugars include galactose, D-mannose, sorbose, lactose, trehalose, cyclodextrin, raffinose, maltodextrins, dextrans, mannitol, xylitol, and lactose. Is mentioned.
- alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt, and zinc salt include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, zinc chloride, sodium citrate, and sodium ascorbate. More preferred is deoxycholic acid or a salt thereof.
- the addition amount of these is preferably 0.1 mg / mL to 300 mg / mL, more preferably 1 mg / mL to 200 mg / mL of the entire drug solution or suspension.
- a combination of deoxycholic acid or a salt thereof and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether is effective, and the amount added can be made lower than that alone.
- the addition amount is preferably 0.05 mg / mL to 100 mg / mL, more preferably 0.5 mg / mL to 50 mg / mL.
- the amount of drug in the drug solution or suspension can be about 0.01 mg / mL to about 500 mg / mL of the total. Preferably, it is 0.1 to 100 mg / mL.
- the drug is insulin
- 0.1 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL of the entire drug solution or suspension is preferred. More preferably, it is 1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL.
- the uptake mechanism into the living body in the injection of the drug by the apparatus of the present invention is estimated as follows. First, a liquid or suspension containing a drug is charged by passing through a nozzle applied with a high voltage, and is finely divided to form charged droplets. Further, the charged droplets are sprayed at high speed toward the living body surface having a potential difference. At this time, evaporation of the solvent component of the droplets proceeds due to an increase in surface area, and the drug is concentrated. Since the surface of the living body (mucous membrane, skin, lungs) is charged, charged droplets adhere with higher efficiency than normal droplets. In addition, it strikes the surface of the living body at high speed due to the electric attractive force with the living body.
- the formed droplets are small and are considered to be less irritating, and are also effective for injecting or administering a drug into surface tissue damaged by inflammation, burns, or frostbite. .
- the drug penetrates into the tissue, and it can be expected that the drug acts more effectively than in normal application.
- the device of the present invention is also effective when injecting a drug into the tissue when the abdomen is opened.
- Example 1 1) Experimental apparatus A schematic diagram of the apparatus used in the experiment is shown in FIG. A small device having a high voltage power source 3 inside a casing, the tip of the nozzle is made of stainless steel having an inner diameter of 0.18 mm and an outer diameter of 0.36 mm, which is electrically connected to the high voltage power source 3. Power is supplied from the battery 7 to the high voltage power supply 3 and the pump 8. The liquid is supplied from the container 9 of this apparatus at 120 ⁇ l / min.
- the nozzle 1 is provided with a polyethylene cover 10 that serves as a mouthpiece for preventing electric shock. In addition, a part of the housing is grounded, and the person who uses this device is at ground potential.
- Comparative Example 1 An insulin-free 100 mg / ml sodium deoxycholate aqueous solution was prepared, and the same experiment as in Example 1 was performed using this solution instead of the above spray solution. The results are shown in Table 2 as relative values. There was no decrease in blood glucose level.
- Comparative Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that no voltage was applied to the nozzle. Electrospray did not occur and the drug solution was dropped into the oral cavity. The results are shown in Table 2 as relative values. The blood glucose level 1 hour after the end of electrospray was 88% of the initial value, and the decrease in blood glucose level was small compared to Example 1.
- Example 2 1) Preparation of fluorescently labeled insulin solution 100 mg of insulin (Sigma) was dissolved in 50 ml of a 1.7% sodium carbonate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and 2.8% sodium hydrogen carbonate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) aqueous solution. Further, it was mixed with 1 ml of a dimethylsulfoxide solution of 7.8 mg / ml fluorescein-4-isothiocyanate (FICT) (Dojindo). This was reacted at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, freeze-dried, and fluorescent labeled insulin was synthesized. Subsequently, an aqueous solution mixed so as to contain 4 mg / ml of the above fluorescence-labeled insulin and 100 mg / ml sodium deoxycholate as an insulin equivalent was prepared.
- FICT fluorescein-4-isothiocyanate
- a stainless steel tube having an inner diameter of 0.18 mm and an outer diameter of 0.36 mm was used as the electrospray experimental nozzle.
- a high voltage power supply was connected to this, and a voltage of +10 kV was applied.
- Hair-sheared pig skin (thickness: about 4 mm) (Funakoshi) was placed on an electrode having a ground potential, and the above solution was electrosprayed for 15 seconds at a distance of 2 cm between the ground electrode and the nozzle at a flow rate of 100 ⁇ l / min. At this time, the current flowing through the high voltage power source was 10 ⁇ A or less.
- the pig skin was washed with physiological saline three times or more, and a TE-2000S fluorescent microscope (Nikon) was used.
- the light source was a high-pressure mercury lamp mounted with a fluorescent filter GFP block (Nikon) and observed with a 4 ⁇ objective lens. .
- This fluorescence micrograph is shown in FIG. 6A.
- the entire skin of the pig skin after electrospraying is fluorescent, and there are scattered fluorescent parts. This fluorescence did not disappear even after further washing with physiological saline three times or more.
- Comparative Example 3 The same operation as in Example 2 was performed without applying a voltage to the nozzle. Fluorescence micrographs of pig skin after treatment and manipulation are shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, respectively. In untreated pig skin, some of the hair showed only a slight autofluorescence. In addition, the pig skin to which no voltage was applied had only a small amount of a fluorescent substance, and the fluorescence intensity was weaker than that of Example 2.
- Example 3 The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 2.5 mg / ml insulin, 10 mg / ml sodium deoxycholate, and 10 mg / ml polyoxyethylene lauryl ether was used as the spray solution.
- the initial value was 100
- the blood glucose level was 43 after 1.5 hours and 29 after 2 hours.
- insulin could be efficiently put into the living body with a small amount of sodium deoxycholate.
- Example 4 The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 2.5 mg / ml insulin and 100 mg / ml sodium deoxycholate was used as the spray solution. When the initial value was 100, the blood glucose level was 46 after 1.5 hours and 57 after 2 hours. The uniformity of the solution was increased by lowering the insulin concentration.
- Comparative Example 4 The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 3.4 mg / ml insulin and 50 vol% dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the spray solution. There was no decrease in blood glucose level.
- Comparative Example 5 The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 3.4 mg / ml of insulin and 140 mg / ml of sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as the spray solution. There was no decrease in blood glucose level.
- Comparative Example 6 The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution containing 2.5 mg / ml insulin and 10 mg / ml polyoxyethylene lauryl ether was used as the spray solution. There was no decrease in blood glucose level.
- the present invention can be used for administering a drug into a living body such as a human, and is useful in the fields of medical treatment and medical equipment.
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Abstract
Description
(1)薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を生体にエレクトロスプレーするノズルを備え、エレクトロスプレーされた薬剤が生体内へ注入されるに十分高い電位差がノズルと生体との間に形成されるように上記ノズルに電圧が印加されることを特徴とする、生体内へ薬剤を注入する装置。
(2)上記ノズルに電圧を印加するための高電圧電源を備えている、前記(1)に記載の装置。
(3)薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を収容する容器と、該容器から薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を上記ノズルに送るためのポンプとを備えてなる、前記(2)に記載の装置。
(4)上記ノズルを、口腔内または鼻腔内で、その内壁と非接触に配置するための手段を備えている、前記(1)に記載の装置。
(5)上記ノズルの先端の内径が0.02~3mmであり、該ノズルに生体との電位差が1~30kVになるように電圧を印加し、該電圧を印加する高電圧電源の最大電流を200μAに制限したことを特徴とする前記(1)~(4)の何れか1項に記載の装置。
(6)薬剤がペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤である前記(1)に記載の装置。
(7)薬剤の溶液または懸濁液は、界面活性剤、水溶性ポリマー、糖、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及び亜鉛塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、前記(6)に記載の装置。
(8)薬剤がインスリンである前記(6)に記載の装置。
(9)薬剤が生体内へ注入されるに十分高い電位差が生体との間に形成されるように電圧を印加されたノズルから、薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を生体にエレクトロスプレーすることを特徴とする、生体内へ薬剤を注入する方法。
(10)薬剤が口粘膜又は鼻粘膜を介して生体内へ注入されるように、薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を、口腔内または鼻腔内にエレクトロスプレーする前記(9)に記載の方法。
(11)上記ノズルの先端の内径が0.02~3mmであり、該ノズルに生体との電位差が1~30kVになるように電圧を印加し、該電圧を印加する高電圧電源の最大電流を200μAに制限することを特徴とする前記(7)または(8)に記載の方法。
(12)注入する薬剤がペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤である前記(9)に記載の方法。
(13)薬剤の溶液または懸濁液は、界面活性剤、水溶性ポリマー、糖、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及び亜鉛塩から成る群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、前記(12)に記載の方法。
(14)注入する薬剤がデオキシコール酸又はその塩を含む前記(12)記載の方法
(15)注入する薬剤がインスリンである前記(12)に記載の方法。
(16)ペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤を溶媒または分散媒中に溶解または懸濁させてなる、エレクトロスプレーにより生体内へ注入するために調製された薬剤組成物。
(17)上記溶媒が、水、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ジメチルスルホキシド及び油脂類からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、前記(16)に記載の薬剤組成物。
(18)界面活性剤、水溶性ポリマー、糖、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及び亜鉛塩から成る群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、前記(17)に記載の薬剤組成物。
(19)デオキシコール酸又はその塩を含む前記(17)に記載の薬剤組成物。
図2のAはノズル全体が金属のような導電性材料であり、そこに薬剤の溶液または懸濁液が接触することで電圧印加が行われる。また、このノズル外部を絶縁材料で被覆することも可能である。図2のBはノズル内部に電圧を印加する電極が挿入されている場合の模式図である。ノズル自身を絶縁材料で作製する場合の薬剤の溶液または懸濁液への電圧印加方法の一つである。図2のCはノズル先端が絶縁材料、高電圧電源と接続している部分が導電性物質であり、導電性部分を薬剤の溶液または懸濁液が通過することで帯電する。この方法は薬剤の溶液または懸濁液が絶縁性である場合は使用できない。しかし、ほとんどの薬剤は構成成分に水を含むため問題なく使用できる。
また、かかる薬剤の溶液または懸濁液は、ペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤を溶媒または分散媒中に溶解または懸濁させて、所望により適当な容器に収容して、本発明の方法に従ってエレクトロスプレーして生体内へ注入するのに適した形態に調製された薬剤組成物として提供してもよい。
1)実験装置
実験に使用した装置の模式図を図5に示す。筐体内部に高電圧電源3を有する小型装置で、ノズル先端は内径0.18mm、外径0.36mmのステンレスを使用し、これは高電圧電源3と電気的に接続している。電力の供給は電池7から高電圧電源3とポンプ8に行われる。この装置の容器9からは液体が120μl/minで供給される。ノズル1には感電防止とマウスピースの役目を果たすポリエチレン製カバー10が配置されている。また、筐体の一部がアースになっており、この装置を使用する人はグランド電位になる。
純水にインスリン(シグマ)を加え、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム(和光純薬)の水溶液に混和した。最終的な混和量はインスリン3.4mg/ml、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム100mg/mlに調製し、スプレー用の溶液とした。
実験動物として8週齢のWistar系メスラットを用いた。1ml/kgのネンブタール(大日本製薬)を腹腔内に投与して麻酔し、アルミ製のバットにラットを乗せた。ラットを左手で保定してノズルに+10kVの電圧を印加して口腔内に上記の薬剤溶液を30秒間エレクトロスプレーした。この際、高電圧電源に流れる電流は約100μAであった。
上記インスリン注入実験を3頭のラットに対して行い、その血糖値の変化を表1に示す。値は血糖値の初期値(約160mg/dl)を100%とした際の相対値である。
エレクトロスプレー終了後1時間後の血糖値は初期値の62~71%にまで低下した。
インスリン無添加の100mg/ml デオキシコール酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製し、これを上記のスプレー用の溶液のかわりに用いて実施例1と同様の実験を行った。その結果を相対値として表2に示す。血糖値の低下は認められなかった。
ノズルに電圧を印加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。エレクトロスプレーは起きず薬剤溶液は口腔内に滴下された。結果を相対値として表2に示す。エレクトロスプレー終了後1時間後の血糖値は初期値の88%であり、実施例1に比較し血糖値の低下は小さかった。
1)蛍光標識インスリン溶液の調製
インスリン(シグマ)100mgを1.7% 炭酸ナトリウム(和光純薬)、2.8% 炭酸水素ナトリウム(和光純薬)水溶液50mlに溶解した。さらに、7.8mg/mlのフルオレセイン-4-イソチオシアネート(FICT)(同仁化学)のジメチルスルホキシド溶液1mlと混合した。これを37℃で1時間反応させ、凍結乾燥し、蛍光標識インスリンを合成した。
続いてインスリン相当として4mg/mlの上記蛍光標識インスリンと100mg/mlのデオキシコール酸ナトリウムを含有するように混合した水溶液を調製した。
ノズルには内径0.18mm、外径0.36mmのステンレス製のチューブを使用した。これに高電圧電源を接続し、+10kVの電圧を印加した。毛刈り済みの豚皮(厚み約4mm)(フナコシ)をグランド電位にした電極上に置き、グランド電極とノズルとの距離を2cm、流量100μl/minで上記の溶液を15秒間エレクトロスプレーした。この時、高電圧電源に流れた電流は10μA以下であった。その後、豚皮を生理食塩水で3回以上洗い、TE-2000S蛍光顕微鏡(ニコン)を使用し、光源は高圧水銀ランプに蛍光フィルターGFPブロック(ニコン)を取り付け、4倍の対物レンズで観察した。
実施例2と同様の操作を、ノズルに電圧を印加せずに行った。未処理および操作を行った後の豚皮の蛍光顕微鏡写真をそれぞれ図6Bおよび図6Cに示す。
未処理の豚皮では毛の一部が自家蛍光をわずかに示すのみであった。また、電圧を印加しない豚皮はわずかな付着物が蛍光を発しているのみで実施例2と比較するとその蛍光強度も弱かった。
スプレー用溶液として、インスリン2.5mg/ml、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム10mg/ml、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル10mg/mlを含有する水溶液を使用した以外、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。血糖値は、初期値を100とした時、1.5時間後に43、2時間後に29になった。ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルと併用することで少量のデオキシコール酸ナトリウムでインスリンを効率的に生体内へ入れることができた。
スプレー用溶液として、インスリン2.5mg/ml、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム100mg/mlを含有する水溶液を使用した以外、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。血糖値は、初期値を100とした時、1.5時間後に46、2時間後57になった。インスリン濃度を下げることで溶液の均一性が上がっていた。
スプレー用溶液として、インスリン3.4mg/ml、ジメチルスルホキシド50vol%を含有する水溶液を使用した以外、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。血糖値の低下は見られなかった。
スプレー用溶液として、インスリン3.4mg/ml、ナトリウムドデシルサルフェート140mg/mlを含有する水溶液を使用した以外、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。血糖値の低下は見られなかった。
スプレー用溶液として、インスリン2.5mg/ml、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル10mg/mlを含有する水溶液を使用した以外、実施例1と同様に実験を行った。血糖値の低下は見られなかった。
2 薬剤の溶液または懸濁液
3 高電圧電源
4 生体
5 スイッチ
6 筐体
7 電池
8 ポンプ
9 容器
10 ポリエチレン製カバー
Claims (19)
- 薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を生体にエレクトロスプレーするノズルを備え、エレクトロスプレーされた薬剤が生体内へ注入されるに十分高い電位差がノズルと生体との間に形成されるように上記ノズルに電圧が印加されることを特徴とする、生体内へ薬剤を注入する装置。
- 上記ノズルに電圧を印加するための高電圧電源を備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を収容する容器と、該容器から薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を上記ノズルに送るためのポンプとを備えてなる、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 上記ノズルを、口腔内または鼻腔内で、その内壁と非接触に配置するための手段を備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 上記ノズルの先端の内径が0.02~3mmであり、該ノズルに生体との電位差が1~30kVになるように電圧を印加し、該電圧を印加する高電圧電源の最大電流を200μAに制限したことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の装置。
- 薬剤がペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤である請求項1に記載の装置。
- 薬剤の溶液または懸濁液は、界面活性剤、水溶性ポリマー、糖、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及び亜鉛塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 薬剤がインスリンである請求項6に記載の装置。
- 薬剤が生体内へ注入されるに十分高い電位差が生体との間に形成されるように電圧を印加されたノズルから、薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を生体にエレクトロスプレーすることを特徴とする、生体内へ薬剤を注入する方法。
- 薬剤が口粘膜又は鼻粘膜を介して生体内へ注入されるように、薬剤の溶液または懸濁液を、口腔内または鼻腔内にエレクトロスプレーする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 上記ノズルの先端の内径が0.02~3mmであり、該ノズルに生体との電位差が1~30kVになるように電圧を印加し、該電圧を印加する高電圧電源の最大電流を200μAに制限することを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 注入する薬剤がペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤である請求項9に記載の方法。
- 薬剤の溶液または懸濁液は、界面活性剤、水溶性ポリマー、糖、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及び亜鉛塩から成る群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 注入する薬剤がデオキシコール酸又はその塩を含む請求項12に記載の方法
- 注入する薬剤がインスリンである請求項12に記載の方法。
- ペプチドまたはタンパク性の成分を含む薬剤を溶媒または分散媒中に溶解または懸濁させてなる、エレクトロスプレーにより生体内へ注入するために調製された薬剤組成物。
- 上記溶媒が、水、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ジメチルスルホキシド及び油脂類からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項16に記載の薬剤組成物。
- 界面活性剤、水溶性ポリマー、糖、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及び亜鉛塩から成る群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項17に記載の薬剤組成物。
- デオキシコール酸又はその塩を含む、請求項17に記載の薬剤組成物
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JP2019513012A (ja) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-05-23 | ハウニ・マシイネンバウ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 電子たばこ製品、および、電子たばこ製品のためのカートリッジ |
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