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WO2010064165A1 - Dispositif delo à apparence de couleur ajustable - Google Patents

Dispositif delo à apparence de couleur ajustable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010064165A1
WO2010064165A1 PCT/IB2009/055307 IB2009055307W WO2010064165A1 WO 2010064165 A1 WO2010064165 A1 WO 2010064165A1 IB 2009055307 W IB2009055307 W IB 2009055307W WO 2010064165 A1 WO2010064165 A1 WO 2010064165A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oled device
coating layer
layer
color appearance
thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2009/055307
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claudia M. Goldmann
Original Assignee
Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh, Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. filed Critical Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh
Publication of WO2010064165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010064165A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
    • H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
    • H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
    • H10K2102/3031—Two-side emission, e.g. transparent OLEDs [TOLED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/805—Electrodes
    • H10K50/82—Cathodes
    • H10K50/828—Transparent cathodes, e.g. comprising thin metal layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an OLED device having a given color appearance in its off-state and to a method to manufacture such a device.
  • the US 20080218369 Al discloses a device with light emitting diodes disposed on a carrier that is made flexible by a grid of slits. To give the device a desired color appearance in its off-state, it may be covered with a colored fabric.
  • said device shall have an improved optical efficiency.
  • the invention relates to an OLED device with a given desired color appearance in its off-state, wherein said "color appearance" can for example be described by the color point of light reflected from the OLED device when it is illuminated with light of a given spectral composition (e.g. a standard white).
  • a given spectral composition e.g. a standard white
  • the "off-state” is the state in which the device is not actively emitting light.
  • the OLED device comprises the following components: a) An organic electroluminescent layer with a first electrode layer being (directly or indirectly) disposed on one side of it and a second electrode layer on the opposite side.
  • Such a stack of an electroluminescent layer and electrodes corresponds to an organic light emitting diode (OLED) system as it is well known in the state of the art.
  • the term "layer” shall comprise also a multilayer that is composed of two or more sub-layers of a certain composition (for example a homogeneous composition, or an inhomogeneous composition with e.g. doping gradients).
  • the electroluminescent layer will typically be such a multilayer.
  • At least one further layer which will be called “coating layer” in the following and which has a reflectivity (measured from the side exterior to the OLED device) that depends, based on interference effects, on the wavelength of the incident light in such a way that it reproduces the desired color appearance.
  • the invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such an OLED device with a given desired color appearance in its off-state, comprising the following steps: a) Providing an organic electroluminescent layer with first and second electrode layers on opposite sides. b) Applying at least one coating layer with a wavelength-dependent reflectivity that is based on interference effects and that reproduces the desired color appearance.
  • the described OLED device has the advantage that it provides a desired color appearance in its off-state with little or even without any impairment of the total light output efficiency.
  • the coating layer has a wavelength-dependent reflectivity that is based on interference effects instead on e.g. a partial absorption of wavelengths as in a colored filter material.
  • the interference changes the spectral composition of reflected light without absorbing light energy. Consequently, the coating layer will not diminish the light output of the OLED device in its on-state (it should however be noted that the changed spectral composition may cause a changed absorption behavior of other components, e.g. of the electrodes, the electroluminescent layer, outcoupling layers etc., that may affect the total light output).
  • the OLED device is at least partially transparent, i.e. it allows the transmission of more than about 30 %, preferably more than about 50 %, most preferably more than about 65 % of the external light intensity falling on it from a given direction (typically this given direction is perpendicular to the layers; in other directions, the transparency may have other values).
  • the layers composing the OLED device i.e. the organic electroluminescent layer, the electrode layers, and the coating layer
  • the layers composing the OLED device i.e. the organic electroluminescent layer, the electrode layers, and the coating layer
  • interference effects in the coating layer can produce different color appearances with respect to different (opposite) directions. If the reflectivity is for example such that more blue light than red light is reflected, said excess of reflected blue light will miss in the transmitted light, yielding a corresponding red-shift in the transmission appearance. In contrast to this, colored absorbing materials would appear to have the same colors in all directions.
  • the transmission of the OLED device may have a given wavelength dependency (comprising the case that the transmission is constant for all wavelengths).
  • the interference effects of the coating layer will usually cause a wavelength-dependency of the transmission that is a mirror image of the wavelength-dependent reflectivity.
  • the transmission properties of the OLED device can optionally be adjusted. A red-shift generated by the coating layer in transmitted light could for example be compensated for by a bluish color filter.
  • the thickness of the coating layer may be adapted to achieve a desired color appearance. This is for example possible if the wavelength-dependency of the reflectivity of the coating layer is generated by the interference of light reflected at the front surface and the back surface of the coating layer, respectively.
  • the thickness of the coating layer By adapting the thickness of the coating layer appropriately, the resulting interference and thus the color appearance of the coating layer can be tuned to essentially any desired color point within a given range of possible values.
  • the thickness of the coating layer and/or the composition of the organic electroluminescent layer may be chosen to achieve a desired emission characteristics of the OLED device in its on-state.
  • a desired color appearance in the off-state as well as a desired emission characteristics in the on-state can be achieved.
  • selections are made sequentially, i.e. first the thickness of the coating layer is determined to achieve a desired off-state characteristics, and then the composition of the organic electroluminescent layer is determined to achieve a desired emission characteristics in the on-state (taking the properties of the coating layer into account).
  • Determining the composition of the organic electroluminescent layer may particularly comprise a selection of the amounts of materials emitting at different colors (e.g. blue, green, red).
  • An adaptation of the active emission of the OLED device is particularly possible and desirable if the actively generated emission is not monochromatic but covers a broad spectrum (e.g. of white light).
  • the coating layer may comprise an inorganic material, particularly an inorganic material selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , SiN, ZnSe, ZnS, and a metal (e.g. Ag, Al, Cu, Au, or Ni).
  • the coating layer may in this case have a thickness between 0.5 nm and 500 nm, most preferably between 5 nm and 200 nm.
  • the coating layer may comprise an organic material, particularly an organic material selected from the group consisting of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AIq 3 ) and ⁇ - naphthylphenylbiphenyl diamine ( ⁇ -NPD).
  • the coating layer may in this case have a thickness between 0.5 nm and 500 nm, most preferably between 10 nm and 100 nm.
  • the mentioned materials can also be combined, for example if the coating layer is composed of several single sub-layers of different materials.
  • the coating layer may preferably be or comprise an anti-reflective coating which reduces the reflectivity of the external surface of the OLED device in the overall spectral range of incident (ambient) light.
  • an anti-reflective coating may for instance be applied to a lighting device to prevent or reduce disturbing mirroring effects.
  • the coating layer may comprise a thin- film encapsulation of the OLED device that serves as a sealing and a mechanical protection. As such a thin- film encapsulation may have optical effects, its parameters (e.g. its thickness) usually have to be taken into account when the whole coating layer is designed.
  • the coating layer may be disposed at any position in the path of external light incident on the OLED device.
  • it may for example be a separate, standalone layer disposed at a distance from the electroluminescent layer and its electrodes.
  • the coating layer is however preferably disposed on the surface of some other layer. This other layer may particularly be one of the electrodes of the OLED device.
  • there may be further layers between the coating layer and the next electrode for example a filter layer or a luminescent layer for converting primary light emissions by the electroluminescent layer.
  • the coating layer is disposed between an electrode layer and the electroluminescent layer (provided it has appropriate electrical characteristics).
  • the coating layer will however usually be an outermost layer of the OLED device that is directly or indirectly (e.g. via an intermediate encapsulation) exposed to the environment.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic section through an OLED device according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows exemplary transmission and reflection curves of a coating layer.
  • OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
  • an OLED device can also be made at least partially transparent by providing it with transparent electrodes.
  • Such a transparent OLED device will typically emit light through both the top side and the bottom side.
  • the optical impression generated by it is determined by the characteristics of the whole stack (comprising organic and inorganic materials), usually yielding a transparency with a shimmering color appearance.
  • a (transparent or nontransparent) OLED device with a given color appearance in its off- state.
  • this coating layer may simultaneously serve as an anti-reflective coating.
  • the coating layer may affect the color point of the actively emitted light in the on- state of the OLED device.
  • a white-emitting OLED stack may for example get different colors of the emissions at the top side and the bottom side, respectively, due to the coating layer.
  • the OLED device 100 as a whole is transparent and comprises, from bottom to top, the following components: - A transparent substrate 10, for example a glass plate, serving as a mechanical carrier.
  • a transparent first electrode 11 for example operated as an anode, which is for example disposed directly on the substrate 10.
  • An organic electroluminescent layer 12 which is for simplicity shown as a single layer though it will typically comprise a plurality of sub-layers (e.g. transport layers and injection layers) as it is known to a person skilled in the area of OLED devices.
  • the first electrode layer is an anode layer and the second electrode layer a cathode layer.
  • This coating layer 20 may be a single homogeneous layer or a system of several sub-layers.
  • the coating layer 20 may serve as an anti-reflective coating that reduces the reflectivity of the cathode layer 13. This is particularly favorable if the cathode layer 13 comprises a thin metal layer or sequence of such layers.
  • the OLED device 100 may further comprise a housing or encapsulation (not shown) that provides a sealing and mechanical protection.
  • the housing has to be transparent in regions of the top side and bottom side of the OLED device 100 through which light emission shall take place.
  • the OLED device may optionally comprise further layers, for example a luminescent conversion layer, that are not shown in the embodiment of Figure 1. Due to its transparency, the OLED device 100 emits light generated in the organic layer 12 through both the top side and bottom side (possibly with different intensities).
  • the coating layer 20 is adapted accordingly. More particularly, the thickness d of the coating layer can be adjusted such that, by interference effects, a desired color impression of light reflected from the coating layer is achieved.
  • the coating layer 20 therefore serves not only for reducing reflections from the surface of the OLED device 100, but also for the adjustment of the color impression in the off-state.
  • Figure 2 shows in this respect curves representing the dependency of the transmission T (solid lines) and the reflection R (dashed lines), respectively, upon the wavelength ⁇ of incident light.
  • the data refer to an OLED device with an anti-reflective coating layer of ⁇ -NPD and an encapsulation of glass, wherein each curve corresponds to a different thickness d of the coating layer ranging between 35 nm and 85 nm.
  • a pronounced transmission maximum exists at a wavelength ⁇ of 460-470 nm in the blue or green/blue spectral range.
  • the transmission curves first become more leveled, while a transmission maximum in the range of about 650-700 nm evolves for larger thicknesses in the red spectral range.
  • the reflectivity curves for corresponding thicknesses typically show the opposite trends: for thinner coating layers, reflection is higher in the red spectral range, while for thicker coating layers reflection is highest in the blue/green spectral range (about 450-550 nm). Accordingly, the transparency and the color impression of the OLED device in its off-state changes with the thickness d of the coating layer from a reddish to a bluish color.
  • a concrete embodiment of an OLED device may comprise the following particular architecture: a glass substrate 10, e.g. coated with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) as anode 11 ; a p-doped hole-injection layer (e.g. MTDATA:F 4 -TCNQ (1%) with a thickness of about 40 nm); a hole-conduction layer (e.g. ⁇ -NPD with a thickness of about
  • ITO indium-tin-oxide
  • a p-doped hole-injection layer e.g. MTDATA:F 4 -TCNQ (1%) with a thickness of about 40 nm
  • a hole-conduction layer e.g. ⁇ -NPD with a thickness of about
  • an orange emission layer ( ⁇ -NPD :Ir(MDQ) 2 (acac) (10%) with a thickness of about 20 nm); - an electron conduction layer (e.g. BAIq with a thickness of about
  • an n-doped layer e.g. LiF with a thickness of about 1 nm
  • an Al layer with a thickness of about 1 ,5 nm
  • a transparent n-doped layer e.g. LiF with a thickness of about 1 nm
  • an Al layer with a thickness of about 1 ,5 nm
  • the aforementioned light out-coupling coating layer(s) 20 may for example comprise the following materials: inorganic materials like SiO 2 , SiN, ZnSe, or ZnS with a thickness d between 0.5 nm and several hundred nanometers
  • the OLED device 100 may be transparently encapsulated.
  • a transparent glass cover is glued onto the prefabricated OLED device (usually at the border of the cover only); a frame is first glued onto the prefabricated OLED device, on which then a transparent glass plate is glued; a glass plate is directly (and optionally with its total face) glued onto the prefabricated OLED device; - a thin-film encapsulation is applied onto the prefabricated OLED device, for example three double layers comprising
  • the influence of an encapsulation on the optical impression of the OLED device has to be taken into account. If the encapsulation is achieved by a glass cover or glass plate, this influence is comparatively small. In case of a thin- film encapsulation, the thickness of this encapsulation may however require an adjustment and coordination with other parameters to achieve a desired color impression.
  • the color point of emissions by the described transparent OLED device in its on-state can differ for the light emitted through the top side and the bottom side, respectively, if the transmission/reflection curves strongly depend on the wavelength. For monochromatic OLED devices, this difference may hardly be noticeable by the human eye. For white emitting OLEDs, the effect can however be visible. This can be exploited to provide an OLED device that has in its on-state different emission characteristics on opposite sides, for example a more bluish color point at one side and a more reddish color point at the opposite side.
  • the described OLED devices may be used in any application of transparent OLEDs.
  • interior lighting it may for example be desirable to provide rooms with room dividers or walls with a slight color impression that depends on the usage of the associated room (e.g. a reddish impression for lounges, a neutral to reddish impression for tanning salons, a bluish impression for sports facilities like fitness studios or swimming halls etc.).
  • room dividers or walls with a slight color impression that depends on the usage of the associated room (e.g. a reddish impression for lounges, a neutral to reddish impression for tanning salons, a bluish impression for sports facilities like fitness studios or swimming halls etc.).
  • windows with integrated, large area OLEDs in e.g. buildings or cars may be provided with a particular color impression.
  • the possibly different spectral composition of white light actively emitted from opposite sides of an OLED device may be advantageous, too, for example in the area known as "atmosphere creation".
  • such transparent OLEDs may be arranged on turnable carriers (e.g. with a horizontal or vertical axis of rotation), thus allowing to change the emission of the two light colors arbitrarily.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif à diode électroluminescent organique (DELO) (100) et un procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif qui a l’apparence d’une couleur voulue donnée dans son état éteint. Le dispositif DELO (100) comporte une couche électroluminescente (12) avec une première et une seconde électrode (11, 13). En outre, ledit dispositif comporte une couche de revêtement (20), par exemple agencée sur l'une des électrodes (13), qui présente une réflectivité dépendante de la longueur d'ondes sur la base des effets d'interférence. L'apparence de couleur voulue peut être obtenue, par exemple en ajustant l'épaisseur (D) de la couche de revêtement (20).
PCT/IB2009/055307 2008-12-01 2009-11-24 Dispositif delo à apparence de couleur ajustable WO2010064165A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08170337.3 2008-12-01
EP08170337 2008-12-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010064165A1 true WO2010064165A1 (fr) 2010-06-10

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Country Status (2)

Country Link
TW (1) TW201031246A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010064165A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011079063A1 (de) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Lichtemittierendes Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines lichtemittierenden Bauelements
WO2013124379A1 (fr) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Astron Fiamm Safety Dispositif d'éclairage
DE102013105229A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines optoelektronischen Bauelementes
WO2015000671A1 (fr) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Osram Oled Gmbh Dispositif à composants optoélectroniques, procédé pour le fabriquer et procédé pour le faire fonctionner
DE102014119541A1 (de) 2014-12-23 2016-06-23 Osram Oled Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer lichtemittierenden Baugruppe

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6181062B1 (en) * 1995-04-25 2001-01-30 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Multiple layered organic electroluminescent device structure with plural transparent electrode, color filters and organic/inorganic transparent coating to enhance light diffusion effects
EP1076368A2 (fr) * 1999-08-11 2001-02-14 Eastman Kodak Company Diode organique électroluminescent à émission par la surface
US20030184219A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-02 General Electric Company Mechanically flexible organic electroluminescent device with directional light emission
EP1701395A1 (fr) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-13 Novaled GmbH Elément transparent émetteur de lumière
US20060219988A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2006-10-05 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Transparent conductive thin film, process for producing the same, sintered target for producing the same, and transparent, electroconductive substrate for display panel, and organic electroluminescence device
US20080218369A1 (en) 2005-05-31 2008-09-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Flexible Display Device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6181062B1 (en) * 1995-04-25 2001-01-30 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Multiple layered organic electroluminescent device structure with plural transparent electrode, color filters and organic/inorganic transparent coating to enhance light diffusion effects
EP1076368A2 (fr) * 1999-08-11 2001-02-14 Eastman Kodak Company Diode organique électroluminescent à émission par la surface
US20060219988A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2006-10-05 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Transparent conductive thin film, process for producing the same, sintered target for producing the same, and transparent, electroconductive substrate for display panel, and organic electroluminescence device
US20030184219A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-02 General Electric Company Mechanically flexible organic electroluminescent device with directional light emission
EP1701395A1 (fr) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-13 Novaled GmbH Elément transparent émetteur de lumière
US20080218369A1 (en) 2005-05-31 2008-09-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Flexible Display Device

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011079063A1 (de) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Lichtemittierendes Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines lichtemittierenden Bauelements
WO2013124379A1 (fr) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Astron Fiamm Safety Dispositif d'éclairage
DE102013105229A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines optoelektronischen Bauelementes
WO2014187853A1 (fr) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 Osram Oled Gmbh Composant optoélectronique et procédé de fabrication d'un composant optoélectronique
US9741781B2 (en) 2013-05-22 2017-08-22 Osram Oled Gmbh Optoelectronic component with adjustable light emission and method for producing the same
WO2015000671A1 (fr) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Osram Oled Gmbh Dispositif à composants optoélectroniques, procédé pour le fabriquer et procédé pour le faire fonctionner
DE102013106944A1 (de) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Osram Oled Gmbh Optoelektronische Bauelementevorrichtung, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer optoelektronischen Bauelementevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer optoelektronischen Bauelementevorrichtung
DE102014119541A1 (de) 2014-12-23 2016-06-23 Osram Oled Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer lichtemittierenden Baugruppe
WO2016102396A1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Osram Oled Gmbh Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un module électroluminescent

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