WO2010050040A1 - 電動車両の電源システムおよびその制御方法 - Google Patents
電動車両の電源システムおよびその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050040A1 WO2010050040A1 PCT/JP2008/069862 JP2008069862W WO2010050040A1 WO 2010050040 A1 WO2010050040 A1 WO 2010050040A1 JP 2008069862 W JP2008069862 W JP 2008069862W WO 2010050040 A1 WO2010050040 A1 WO 2010050040A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system for an electric vehicle and a control method therefor, and more particularly to power supply system control for an electric vehicle equipped with a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices.
- electric vehicles such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles have been developed and put into practical use as environmentally friendly vehicles.
- These electric vehicles are equipped with an electric motor for generating vehicle driving force and a power supply system for supplying electric motor driving power including an electric storage device.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-109840
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-209969
- Patent Document 3 a voltage converter (converter) as a charge / discharge adjustment mechanism is provided for each power storage device (battery).
- Patent Document 3 in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-167620 (Patent Document 3), in a vehicle equipped with a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices, a converter corresponding to the main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices are disclosed.
- one of the plurality of sub power storage devices is selectively connected to the converter, and the driving power of the vehicle driving motor is supplied by the main power storage device and the selected sub power storage device. Is done.
- a power supply device when the SOC (State of Charge) of the sub power storage device in use decreases, a plurality of sub power storage devices are sequentially used so as to connect the new sub power storage device and the converter.
- the travel distance EV (Electric Vehicle) travel distance
- a sub power storage device to be used hereinafter also referred to as a selected sub power storage device.
- a selected sub power storage device it is necessary to reliably switch the selected sub power storage device before the selected sub power storage device is overdischarged to a level that adversely affects battery performance.
- the power that can be supplied by the entire power supply system inevitably decreases, so the switching timing is taken into consideration so as not to affect the drivability of the vehicle as much as possible. There is a need to.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices, and a voltage converter (In a power supply system for an electric vehicle having a configuration in which a converter is shared, switching determination of a sub power storage device to be used is appropriately performed in consideration of both battery protection and vehicle drivability.
- a power supply system for an electric vehicle equipped with a motor that generates vehicle drive power, wherein the main power storage device, the power feed line, and the first voltage converter are parallel to each other.
- the power supply line is configured to supply power to an inverter that drives and controls the motor.
- the first voltage converter is provided between the power supply line and the main power storage device, and is configured to perform bidirectional voltage conversion.
- the second voltage converter is provided between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the power supply line, and configured to perform bidirectional voltage conversion between one of the plurality of sub power storage devices and the power supply line. .
- the connecting unit is provided between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter, and selectively connects the selected sub power storage device among the plurality of sub power storage devices to the second voltage converter.
- the switching control device is configured to control selective connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter.
- the switching control device includes first to third determination units.
- the first determination unit is configured to detect whether or not the remaining capacity of the selected selected sub power storage device is lower than a preset first determination value.
- the second determination unit is configured to generate a switching request for the selected power storage device in accordance with the vehicle state of the electric vehicle when the remaining capacity is lower than the first determination value.
- the third determination unit is configured to generate a switching request regardless of the vehicle state when the remaining capacity of the selected sub power storage device is lower than a second determination value lower than the first determination value. .
- the electric vehicle includes the main power storage device, the power supply line, the first voltage converter, the plurality of sub power storage devices, A second voltage converter, the connection unit, and the switching control device are provided. Then, the control method includes a step of determining whether or not the remaining capacity of the selected selected sub power storage device is lower than a first determination value set in advance, and the remaining capacity is lower than the first determination value. In response to the vehicle state of the electric vehicle, the step of generating the switching request for the selected power storage device and the remaining capacity of the selected sub power storage device are lower than the second determination value lower than the first determination value. And forcibly generating a switching request regardless of the vehicle state.
- an SOC that generates a switching request based on the vehicle state when the switching determination criterion based on the remaining capacity (SOC) of the selected sub power storage device is set in two stages and the SOC decreases.
- An area (switching permission area) and an SOC area (forced switching area) for forcibly generating a switching request for the sub power storage device regardless of the vehicle state when the SOC decreases can be provided. Therefore, when the SOC decreases to the forced switching area, a switching request is promptly generated from the viewpoint of battery protection, and in the switching permission area before reaching the forced switching area, vehicle drivability is improved based on the vehicle state.
- a switching request can be generated in anticipation of a state that does not affect the operation.
- the total required power of the electric vehicle is based on the output power upper limit value of the main power storage device when the remaining capacity is lower than the first determination value. If it is lower than the set judgment value, a switching request is generated.
- the electric vehicle distributes the total required power of the electric vehicle to the output power of the motor and the output power of the internal combustion engine so that the vehicle driving power can be output independently of the motor.
- a travel control unit generating the second determination unit or the switching request generates the switching request when the internal combustion engine is operating when the remaining capacity is lower than the first determination value.
- the switching control device is configured to prohibit the generation of the switching request when the charge capacity of each of the standby power storage devices excluding the selected sub power storage device among the plurality of sub power storage devices is lower than a predetermined value.
- the standby power storage device determination unit is further included.
- the control method further includes a step of prohibiting the generation of the switching request when the charge capacity of each of the standby power storage devices excluding the selected sub power storage device among the plurality of sub power storage devices is lower than a predetermined value.
- the switching control device includes a boost instruction unit, first and second power limiting units, and a connection switching control unit.
- the boosting instruction unit sets the voltage of the power supply line to be higher than the output voltage of the main power storage device and the output voltage of the sub power storage device connected to the second power converter after switching.
- Is configured to instruct the first voltage converter to be
- the first power limiting unit is configured to gradually reduce the input / output power upper limit value by the selected sub power storage device to zero after the voltage of the power supply line reaches the first voltage.
- the connection switching control unit is configured to switch connections between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter when the input / output power upper limit value is set to zero by the first power limiting unit. .
- the second power limiting unit includes a sub power storage device newly connected to the second power converter after the connection switching control unit switches the connection between the plurality of sub power storage devices and the second voltage converter.
- the input / output power upper limit value is gradually increased to a value corresponding to the state of charge.
- the control method sets the voltage of the power supply line higher than the output voltage of the main power storage device and the output voltage of the sub power storage device connected to the second power converter after the switching.
- the newly used sub power storage device can be connected to the second power converter. Thereby, it is possible to prevent a short-circuit path from a newly used sub power storage device from being formed through the power supply line.
- the input / output power upper limit value of the sub power storage device is reduced before connection switching of the sub power storage device, and the input / output power upper limit value is gradually restored after the connection switching is completed. It is possible to prevent an excessive charge / discharge power from being required for the power supply system during a period in which the output is impossible.
- a power supply system for an electric vehicle that includes a main power storage device and a plurality of sub power storage devices and shares a voltage converter (converter) with the plurality of sub power storage devices, battery protection and vehicle drivability are ensured. Considering both, it is possible to appropriately perform the switching determination of the sub power storage device to be used.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of each inverter shown in FIG. 1. It is a circuit diagram which shows the detailed structure of each converter shown in FIG. It is a functional block diagram explaining traveling control of an electric vehicle. It is a flowchart which shows the rough process sequence of the selection sub electrical storage apparatus connection switching process in the power supply system of the electric vehicle by embodiment of this invention. 6 is a flowchart illustrating details of a sub power storage device switching determination process shown in FIG. 5. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the relationship between a SOC area
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining details of a power limit change process shown in FIG. 5. It is a flowchart explaining the detail of the connection switching process shown in FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining details of a return process shown in FIG. 5. It is an operation waveform diagram at the time of the switching process of the selected sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a functional block diagram explaining the functional part for the switching process of a selection sub electrical storage apparatus among the control structures of the power supply system of embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a main configuration of an electric vehicle equipped with a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- electric vehicle 1 includes batteries BA, BB1, and BB2, which are power storage devices, connection portions 39A and 39B, converters 12A and 12B, smoothing capacitors C1, C2, and CH, and voltage sensor 10A. , 10B1, 10B2, 13, 21A, 21B, temperature sensors 11A, 11B1, 11B2, current sensors 9A, 9B1, 9B2, power supply line PL2, inverters 14, 22, motor generators MG1, MG2, and wheels 2 Power split mechanism 3, engine 4, and control device 30.
- batteries BA, BB1, and BB2 which are power storage devices, connection portions 39A and 39B, converters 12A and 12B, smoothing capacitors C1, C2, and CH, and voltage sensor 10A.
- Power split mechanism 3 engine 4, and control device 30.
- the power supply system for the electric vehicle shown in the present embodiment includes a battery BA that is a main power storage device, a power supply line PL2 that supplies power to inverter 14 that drives motor generator MG2, and a main power storage device (BA) and power supply line PL2.
- Converter 12A that is a voltage converter that is provided between and a voltage converter that performs bidirectional voltage conversion, batteries BB1 and BB2 that are a plurality of sub power storage devices provided in parallel to each other, and a plurality of sub power storage devices (BB1) , BB2) and a power supply line PL2 and a converter 12B that is a voltage converter that performs bidirectional voltage conversion.
- the voltage converter (12B) is selectively connected to any one of the plurality of sub power storage devices (BB1, BB2), and performs bidirectional voltage conversion with the power feed line PL2.
- the sub power storage device (one of BB1 or BB2) and the main power storage device (BA) can output, for example, the maximum power allowed for the electrical load (22 and MG2) connected to the power supply line by simultaneous use.
- the chargeable capacity is set as shown. As a result, traveling at maximum power is possible in EV traveling without using the engine. If the power storage state of the sub power storage device deteriorates, the sub power storage device may be replaced and run further. If the power of the sub power storage device is consumed, the maximum power can be traveled without using the sub power storage device by using the engine in addition to the main power storage device.
- the converter 12B is shared by a plurality of sub power storage devices, so that the number of converters need not be increased by the number of power storage devices.
- a battery may be added in parallel to the batteries BB1 and BB2.
- electrically powered vehicle 1 further includes a battery charging device (charging converter) 6 for connection to an external power supply 8 which is a commercial power supply of AC 100V, for example.
- the battery charger 6 converts alternating current into direct current and regulates the voltage to supply battery charging power.
- the configuration enabling external charging includes a system in which the neutral point of the stator coils of motor generators MG1 and MG2 is connected to an AC power supply, and converters 12A and 12B combined to form an AC / DC converter. A functioning method may be used.
- Smoothing capacitor C1 is connected between power supply line PL1A and ground line SL2.
- the voltage sensor 21 ⁇ / b> A detects the voltage VLA across the smoothing capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 and outputs it to the control device 30.
- Converter 12A can boost the voltage across terminals of smoothing capacitor C1 and supply the boosted voltage to power supply line PL2.
- Smoothing capacitor C2 is connected between power supply line PL1B and ground line SL2.
- the voltage sensor 21B detects the voltage VLB across the smoothing capacitor C2 and outputs it to the control device 30.
- Converter 12B can boost the voltage across terminals of smoothing capacitor C2 and supply it to power supply line PL2.
- Smoothing capacitor CH smoothes the voltage boosted by converters 12A and 12B.
- the voltage sensor 13 detects the inter-terminal voltage VH of the smoothing capacitor CH and outputs it to the control device 30.
- converters 12A and 12B can step down voltage VH between terminals smoothed by smoothing capacitor CH and supply it to power supply lines PL1A and PL1B.
- the inverter 14 converts the DC voltage supplied from the converter 12B and / or 12A into a three-phase AC voltage and outputs it to the motor generator MG1.
- Inverter 22 converts the DC voltage applied from converters 12B and / or 12A into a three-phase AC voltage and outputs the same to motor generator MG2.
- the power split mechanism 3 is a mechanism that is coupled to the engine 4 and the motor generators MG1 and MG2 and distributes power between them.
- a planetary gear mechanism having three rotating shafts of a sun gear, a planetary carrier, and a ring gear can be used.
- rotation of two of the three rotation shafts is determined, rotation of the other one rotation shaft is forcibly determined.
- the rotating shaft of motor generator MG2 is coupled to wheel 2 by a reduction gear and a differential gear (not shown). Further, a reduction gear for the rotation shaft of motor generator MG2 may be further incorporated in power split device 3.
- Connection portion 39A includes a system main relay SMR2 connected between the positive electrode of battery BA and power supply line PL1A, a system main relay SMR1 connected in series with system main relay SMR2, and a limiting resistor R, A system main relay SMR3 connected between a negative electrode (ground line SL1) of battery BA and node N2 is included.
- System main relays SMR1 to SMR3 are controlled to be in a conductive state (ON) / non-conductive state (OFF) in accordance with relay control signals CONT1 to CONT3 given from control device 30, respectively.
- Voltage sensor 10A measures voltage VA between the terminals of battery BA. Furthermore, the temperature sensor 11A measures the temperature TA of the battery BA, and the current sensor 9A measures the input / output current IA of the battery BA. Measurement values obtained by these sensors are output to the control device 30. Based on these measured values, control device 30 monitors the state of battery BA represented by SOC (State of Charge).
- SOC State of Charge
- Connection portion 39B is provided between power supply line PL1B and ground line SL2 and batteries BB1 and BB2.
- Connection unit 39B includes relay SR1 connected between the positive electrode of battery BB1 and power supply line PL1B, relay SR1G connected between the negative electrode of battery BB1 and ground line SL2, and the positive electrode and power supply line of battery BB2.
- Relay SR2 connected between PL1B and relay SR2G connected between the negative electrode of battery BB2 and ground line SL2.
- Relays SR1 and SR2 are controlled to be in a conductive state (ON) / non-conductive state (OFF) in accordance with relay control signals CONT4 and CONT5 given from control device 30, respectively.
- Relays SR1G and SR2G are controlled to be in a conductive state (ON) / non-conductive state (OFF) in accordance with relay control signals CONT6 and CONT7 given from control device 30, respectively.
- ground line SL2 extends through converters 12A and 12B to inverters 14 and 22 side.
- Voltage sensors 10B1 and 10B2 measure voltages VBB1 and VBB2 between terminals of batteries BB1 and BB2, respectively. Furthermore, temperature sensors 11B1 and 11B2 measure temperatures TBB1 and TBB2 of batteries BB1 and BB2, respectively. Current sensors 9B1 and 9B2 measure input / output currents IB1 and IB2 of batteries BB1 and BB2. Measurement values obtained by these sensors are output to the control device 30. Based on these measured values, control device 30 monitors the states of batteries BB1 and BB2 represented by SOC (State of Charge).
- SOC State of Charge
- batteries BA, BB1, and BB2 for example, secondary batteries such as lead storage batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, and lithium ion batteries, and large-capacity capacitors such as electric double layer capacitors can be used.
- the inverter 14 is connected to the power supply line PL2 and the ground line SL2. Inverter 14 receives the boosted voltage from converters 12A and / or 12B and drives motor generator MG1 to start engine 4, for example. Inverter 14 returns the electric power generated by motor generator MG1 by the power transmitted from engine 4 to converters 12A and 12B. At this time, converters 12A and 12B are controlled by control device 30 so as to operate as a step-down converter.
- Current sensor 24 detects the current flowing through motor generator MG1 as motor current value MCRT1, and outputs motor current value MCRT1 to control device 30.
- the inverter 22 is connected in parallel with the inverter 14 to the power supply line PL2 and the ground line SL2. Inverter 22 converts the DC voltage output from converters 12 ⁇ / b> A and 12 ⁇ / b> B into a three-phase AC voltage and outputs the same to motor generator MG ⁇ b> 2 driving wheel 2. Inverter 22 returns the electric power generated in motor generator MG2 to converters 12A and 12B along with regenerative braking. At this time, converters 12A and 12B are controlled by control device 30 so as to operate as a step-down converter.
- Current sensor 25 detects the current flowing through motor generator MG2 as motor current value MCRT2, and outputs motor current value MCRT2 to control device 30.
- the control device 30 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) (not shown) and an electronic control unit (ECU) with a built-in memory, and based on a map and a program stored in the memory, an operation using measured values from each sensor. Perform processing. Note that a part of the control device 30 may be configured to execute predetermined numerical / logical operation processing by hardware such as an electronic circuit.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- ECU electronice control unit
- control device 30 includes torque command values and rotation speeds of motor generators MG1, MG2, voltages VBA, VBB1, VBB2, VLA, VLB, VH, motor current values MCRT1, MCRT2, and a start signal.
- Control device 30 outputs control signal PWUB for instructing boosting to converter 12B, control signal PWDB for instructing step-down, and a shutdown signal instructing prohibition of operation.
- control device 30 provides control signal PWMI1 for giving a drive instruction to convert inverter 14 to a DC voltage that is output from converters 12A and 12B into an AC voltage for driving motor generator MG1, and motor generator MG1.
- control signal PWMC1 for performing a regeneration instruction for converting the generated AC voltage into a DC voltage and returning it to the converters 12A and 12B is output.
- control device 30 converts control signal PWMI2 for instructing inverter 22 to drive to convert DC voltage into AC voltage for driving motor generator MG2, and AC voltage generated by motor generator MG2 to DC voltage.
- a control signal PWMC2 for performing a regeneration instruction for conversion and returning to the converters 12A and 12B is output.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of inverters 14 and 22 in FIG.
- inverter 14 includes a U-phase arm 15, a V-phase arm 16, and a W-phase arm 17.
- U-phase arm 15, V-phase arm 16, and W-phase arm 17 are connected in parallel between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2.
- U-phase arm 15 includes IGBT (Insulated gate Bipolar Transistor) elements Q3 and Q4, IGBT elements Q3 and Q4, and anti-parallel diodes D3 and D4 respectively connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2. including.
- the cathode of diode D3 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q3, and the anode of diode D3 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q3.
- the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q4, and the anode of diode D4 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q4.
- V-phase arm 16 includes IGBT elements Q5 and Q6 connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2, and antiparallel diodes D5 and D6, respectively. Connections of IGBT elements Q5 and Q6 and antiparallel diodes D5 and D6 are the same as those of U-phase arm 15.
- W-phase arm 17 includes IGBT elements Q7 and Q8 connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2, and antiparallel diodes D7 and D8, respectively. Connection of IGBT elements Q7 and Q8 and antiparallel diodes D7 and D8 is the same as that of U-phase arm 15.
- the IGBT element is shown as a representative example of a power semiconductor switching element that can be controlled on and off. That is, a power semiconductor switching element such as a bipolar transistor or a field effect transistor can be used in place of the IGBT element.
- each phase arm is connected to each phase end of each phase coil of motor generator MG1. That is, motor generator MG1 is a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, and one end of each of three coils of U, V, and W phases is connected to the midpoint.
- the other end of the U-phase coil is connected to a line UL drawn from the connection node of IGBT elements Q3 and Q4.
- the other end of the V-phase coil is connected to a line VL drawn from the connection node of IGBT elements Q5 and Q6.
- the other end of the W-phase coil is connected to a line WL drawn from the connection node of IGBT elements Q7 and Q8.
- inverter 22 in FIG. 1 is also different in that it is connected to motor generator MG2, but since the internal circuit configuration is the same as that of inverter 14, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 2 shows that the control signals PWMI and PWMC are given to the inverter, but this is for avoiding complicated description. As shown in FIG. 1, separate control signals PWMI1 are used. , PWMC1 and control signals PWMI2 and PWMC2 are input to inverters 14 and 22, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of converters 12A and 12B in FIG.
- converter 12A includes a reactor L1 having one end connected to power supply line PL1A, IGBT elements Q1, Q2 connected in series between power supply line PL2 and ground line SL2, Including anti-parallel diodes D1, D2.
- reactor L1 The other end of reactor L1 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q1 and the collector of IGBT element Q2.
- the cathode of diode D1 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q1, and the anode of diode D1 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q1.
- the cathode of diode D2 is connected to the collector of IGBT element Q2, and the anode of diode D2 is connected to the emitter of IGBT element Q2.
- FIG. 1 is different from converter 12A in that it is connected to power supply line PL1B instead of power supply line PL1A, but the internal circuit configuration is the same as that of converter 12A, and therefore detailed description will not be repeated. .
- FIG. 3 shows that the control signals PWU and PWD are given to the converter, but in order to avoid the description being complicated, as shown in FIG. 1, separate control signals PWUA are provided.
- PWDA and control signals PWUB, PWDB are input to inverters 14, 22, respectively.
- control device 30 Based on detection values of voltage sensor 10A, temperature sensor 11A, and current sensor 9A, control device 30 includes SOC (M) indicating the remaining capacity of the main power storage device, and input upper limit power Win (M) indicating the upper limit value of charging power. And an output upper limit power Wout (M) indicating the upper limit value of the discharge power.
- SOC SOC
- M input upper limit power Win
- M output upper limit power Wout
- control device 30 determines SOC (B) and input / output upper limit power Win (S) for selected sub power storage device BB based on the detection values of voltage sensors 10B1, 10B2, temperature sensors 11B1, 11B2, and current sensors 9B1, 9B2. ), Wout (S).
- the SOC is indicated by the ratio (%) of the current charge amount to the full charge state of each battery.
- Win and Wout are indicated as upper limit values of electric power so that the battery (BA, BB1, BB2) is not overcharged or overdischarged even when the electric power is discharged for a predetermined time (for example, about 10 seconds).
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating a control configuration related to travel control of electric vehicle 1 realized by control device 30, specifically, power distribution control between engine 4 and motor generators MG1 and MG2. A figure is shown.
- Each functional block shown in FIG. 4 is realized by execution of a predetermined program stored in advance by the control device 30 and / or arithmetic processing by an electronic circuit (hardware) in the control device 30.
- total power calculation unit 260 calculates total required power Pttl for electric vehicle 1 as a whole based on the vehicle speed and pedal operation (accelerator pedal). Note that the total required power Pttl can also include power (engine output) required for generating battery charging power by the motor generator MG1 in accordance with the vehicle situation.
- the traveling control unit 250 includes the input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) of the main power storage device BA, the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB, and total power calculation.
- the total required power Pttl from the unit 260 and the regenerative brake request when operating the brake pedal are input.
- Traveling control unit 250 has a total input / output power of motor generators MG1 and MG2 that is limited in charging (Win (M) + Win (S)) and discharging (Wout (M) for main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB. ) + Wout (S)), torque command values Tqcom1 and Tqcom2 as motor control commands are generated.
- the vehicle drive power by motor generator MG2 and the vehicle drive power by engine 4 are distributed so that total required power Pttl is ensured.
- the operation of the engine 4 is suppressed by maximizing the use of externally charged battery power, or the vehicle driving power by the engine 4 is set corresponding to a region where the engine 4 can operate with high efficiency. By this, high fuel consumption vehicle travel control is realized.
- the inverter control unit 270 generates control signals PWMI1 and PWMC1 for the inverter 14 based on the torque command value Tqcom1 and the motor current value MCRT1 of the motor generator MG1.
- inverter control unit 280 generates control signals PWMI2 and PWMC2 for inverter 22 based on torque command value Tqcom2 and motor current value MCRT2 of motor generator MG2.
- the traveling control unit 250 generates an engine control command according to the set value of the vehicle driving power by the set engine. Further, the operation of the engine 4 is controlled by a control device (engine ECU) (not shown) in accordance with the engine control command.
- the total required power Pttl is equal to or lower than the output upper limit power Wout (M) + Wout (S) for the entire battery. In some cases, the vehicle travels only by the vehicle driving power by the motor generator MG2 without operating the engine 4. On the other hand, when the total required power Pttl exceeds Wout (M) + Wout (S), the engine 4 is started.
- control device 30 drives between engine 4 and motor generator MG2 so that battery SOC is maintained at a predetermined target value.
- Control power power distribution That is, traveling control in which the engine 4 is more easily operated than in the EV mode is performed.
- charge / discharge control is performed such that the power of the selected sub power storage device BB is preferentially used over the main power storage device BA. For this reason, when the SOC of the selected sub power storage device BB in use while the vehicle is traveling decreases, it becomes necessary to switch the selected sub power storage device BB. For example, when the battery BB1 is selected as the selected sub power storage device BB at the time of starting the vehicle, a connection switching process for disconnecting the battery BB1 from the converter 12B and connecting the battery BB2 as the new selected sub power storage device BB to the converter 12B is performed. It needs to be executed.
- connection switching process of the sub power storage device needs to pay sufficient attention to prevent the occurrence of a short-circuit path. There is. Further, during the period of the connection switching process, power supply and power recovery by the selected sub power storage device BB is impossible, and thus charging / discharging is restricted so that overcharge and overdischarge do not occur in the entire power supply system during the period. Is required.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a schematic processing procedure of the switching process of the selected sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 6 to 10 are flowcharts illustrating details of steps S100, S200, S300, S400, and S500 of FIG.
- the control device 30 can repeatedly execute the control processing procedure according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5 to 10 at a predetermined cycle by executing a predetermined program stored in advance at a predetermined cycle. Thereby, the connection switching process of the sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention can be realized.
- control device 30 executes a switching determination process for the selected sub power storage device.
- the following steps S200 to S500 are executed.
- steps S200 to S500 are substantially not executed.
- control device 30 executes pre-switching boost processing, and in step S300, power limit change processing is performed so that an excessive charge / discharge request is not generated for the power supply system during the connection switching period of the sub power storage device.
- step S400 control device 30 executes a connection switching process for actually switching the connection between selected sub power storage device BB and converter 12B, and after the completion, in step S500, a control process is performed to execute a return process to generate a new selected sub power storage device.
- the power supply by the device BB is started.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the switching determination process (S100) of the selected sub power storage device in FIG.
- variable ID indicating the progress (status) of the connection switching process.
- control device 30 determines whether or not to switch currently selected sub power storage device BB. The determination process is further advanced.
- control device 30 determines whether the SOC of the selected sub power storage device is lower than determination value TH1.
- SOC ⁇ TH1 when YES is determined in S120, control device 30 further determines in step S130 whether the vehicle state is a state in which the sub power storage device can be switched.
- the determination by step S130 is performed according to the total required power Pttl of the vehicle, for example. Since power cannot be supplied from the sub power storage device during the switching process of the sub power storage device, the power that can be output by the entire power supply system is reduced. Therefore, if the sub power storage device switching process is executed when the vehicle total required power Pttl is higher than the output upper limit power Wout (M) of the main power storage device BA, electric power is required to start the engine 4. As a result, the output power of the motor generator MG2 may be reduced, and the driver request may not be met immediately. That is, when the sub power storage device switching process is executed in such a vehicle state, the drivability may be affected.
- M output upper limit power Wout
- a determination value with a margin is set for Wout (M), and when the total required power Pttl is lower than this determination value, the sub power storage device switching process is performed. Can be determined (YES in step S130).
- the total required power Pttl is inevitably low. It can be determined that the vehicle state is executable.
- step S130 can also be performed based on whether the engine 4 is operating (starting completion). Specifically, if the engine 4 is operating, step S130 can be determined as YES.
- control device 30 advances the process to step S140, and currently selected sub power storage device BB. Is determined to be lower than the lower limit determination value TH2.
- This lower limit determination value TH2 may be set to a level at which the battery performance may be deteriorated due to overdischarge for each sub power storage device, for example, a level having a margin with respect to the SOC management lower limit value for control. preferable.
- Determination value TH1 is set to a level with an appropriate margin (for example, about several percent in SOC) with respect to this lower limit determination value TH2.
- step S100 when SOC ⁇ TH1 (at the time of NO determination in S120), or when TH2 ⁇ SOC ⁇ TH1, it is not the vehicle state in which the switching process of the sub power storage device is possible (at the time of YES determination in S140), the control is performed.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the SOC of the selected sub power storage device BB and the switching determination.
- the SOC of selected sub power storage device BB decreases with use, transitions to be lower than determination value TH1 at time t1, and further lower than lower limit determination value TH2 at later time t2. To do.
- the region of TH2 ⁇ SOC ⁇ TH1 between times t1 and t2 is a “switching permission region”, and a switching request is generated if the vehicle state permits according to the determination result in step S130 of FIG. Further, the region of SOC ⁇ TH2 after time t2 is a “forced switching region”, and a switching request is generated regardless of the vehicle state (determination result of S130) from the viewpoint of battery protection.
- selected sub power storage device BB As shown in FIG. 1, when two batteries BB1 and BB2 are mounted as sub power storage devices, a new selected sub power storage device BB is automatically determined without performing step S160. Is done. However, in the configuration of FIG. 1, when three or more sub power storage devices BB1 to BBn (n: an integer of 3 or more) are mounted, the sub power storage devices that are not currently used are based on the respective SOCs and the like. Then, a new sub power storage device to be used next is designated.
- the switching determination criterion based on the SOC of the selected sub power storage device BB is set in two stages in the switching processing determination of the plurality of sub power storage devices.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the pre-switching boost process (S200) shown in FIG.
- ID 1 and a switching request for selected sub power storage device BB is made and the switching process is started (YES determination in S205)
- control device 30 causes power supply line PL2 to be switched in step S210.
- a boost command for converter 12A is generated so as to boost voltage VH to predetermined voltage V1.
- the predetermined voltage V1 is set to a voltage higher than the higher one of the output voltages of the main power storage device BA and the newly connected selected sub power storage device BB (for example, BB2).
- predetermined voltage V1 is set to control upper limit voltage VHmax that can be boosted by converter 12A, voltage VH at the time of the boost command is made higher than both output voltage of main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB after switching. Can be surely high.
- predetermined voltage V1 is determined each time with a margin according to the output voltages of main power storage device BA and selected sub power storage device BB after switching. Also good.
- step S210 the control device 30 determines whether the voltage VH has reached the predetermined voltage V1 based on the detection value of the voltage sensor 13 in step S220. For example, when VH ⁇ V1 is maintained for a predetermined time, step S220 is determined as YES.
- the control device 30 advances the ID from 1 to 2.
- ID ⁇ 1 NO in S205
- the subsequent steps S210 to S230 are skipped.
- step S200 the control device 30 executes a power limit changing process as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the power limit change process (S300) shown in FIG.
- control device 30 starts temporary relaxation of the charge / discharge restriction of main power storage device BA in step S310. Specifically, the absolute values of input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) of main power storage device BA are temporarily increased.
- control device 30 gradually decreases the absolute values of input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of selected sub power storage device BB. For example, Wout (S) and Win (S) are gradually decreased toward 0 according to a predetermined constant rate.
- ID 3 indicates a state in which the pre-switching boosting process and the power limit changing process have been completed and connection switching between sub power storage devices BB1 and BB2 and converter 12B can be started.
- control device 30 executes the sub power storage device connection switching process in step S400.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the connection switching process (S400) of the sub power storage device shown in FIG.
- control device 30 stops converter 12B as preparation for switching the connection of the sub power storage device in step S410. That is, in the converter 12B, the IGBT elements Q1, Q2 are forcibly turned off in response to the shutdown command. Then, in step S420, control device 30 generates a relay control signal for actually switching the connection of the sub power storage device. For example, in order to disconnect battery BB1 from converter 12B and to connect battery BB2 to converter 12B, relay control signals CONT4 and CONT6 are generated to turn off relays SR1 and SR1G, while relays SR2 and SR2G are turned on. Thus, relay control signals CONT5 and CONT7 are generated.
- control device 30 determines whether or not the relay connection switching instructed in step S420 has been completed.
- control device 30 restarts converter 12B and starts a switching operation in step S440, and advances ID from 3 to 4 in step S450.
- control device 30 executes the return process at step S500.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the return processing (S500) shown in FIG.
- control device 30 ends temporary relaxation of the charge / discharge restriction of main power storage device BA started in step S310 (FIG. 7) in step S510. .
- Wout (M) and Win (M) basically return to the values before the start of the switching process of the selected sub power storage device BB.
- control device 30 converts input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) of selected sub power storage device BB, which has been reduced to 0 by the power limiting process (step S300), to a new selected sub power storage device (for example, The battery BB2) is gradually raised to the values of Win and Wout.
- control device 30 confirms whether or not input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) has returned to the values of Win, Wout of the new selected sub power storage device BB in step S530. During the period until the return is completed (NO in S530), step S520 is repeatedly executed, and the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) gradually increase at a constant rate.
- control device 30 When the restoration of the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) is completed (when YES is determined in S530), the control device 30 returns the ID to 0 again in step S540. Thereby, in the power supply system, a state in which normal power supply and power recovery by main power storage device BA and new selected sub power storage device BB are possible is reproduced.
- control device 30 advances the process to step S550, and turns off the boost command generated in step S210 (FIG. 6).
- the voltage command value of power supply line PL2 is also a normal value set according to the state of motor generators MG1, MG2.
- step S570 the switching determination process in step S100 is executed at a predetermined cycle, so that the switching process of the selected sub power storage device is started again as necessary.
- ID 0 is maintained depending on the situation.
- the configuration can be made such that the switching process of the selected sub power storage device from the second time onward can be executed.
- FIG. 12 shows operation waveforms in the switching process of the selected sub power storage device in the power supply system of the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention described in FIGS.
- step S200 the pre-switching boosting process (step S200) is executed, and the voltage VH of the feed line PL2 is raised toward the predetermined voltage V1 by the converter 12A.
- the ID is changed from 1 to 2.
- the power limit changing process (S300) is executed, and charging / discharging of the main power storage device BA is temporarily alleviated. That is, a temporary increase in the absolute values of the input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) is started. Further, the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB are gradually decreased at a constant rate toward zero. In this period, converter 12B is controlled to stop charging / discharging of currently selected sub power storage device (battery BB1). Alternatively, converter 12B may shut down from time t1.
- the ID is changed from 2 to 3.
- relay connection switching processing is completed and battery BB2 as a new selected sub power storage device is connected to converter 12B, converter 12B is activated again.
- the ID is changed from 3 to 4 at time t4.
- FIG. 13 a functional part for the switching process of the selected sub power storage device described in FIGS. 5 to 11 is a part of the control configuration of the power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration will be described.
- Each functional block shown in FIG. 13 is realized by software processing by the control device 30 by execution of a predetermined program or a dedicated electronic circuit (hardware processing).
- Each functional block shown in FIG. 13 is realized by software processing by execution of a predetermined program by the control device 30 or a dedicated electronic circuit (hardware processing).
- switching determination unit 100 includes an SOC determination unit 101 in the switching permission region, an SOC determination unit 103 in the forced switching region, a vehicle state determination unit 102, and a spare battery determination unit 105.
- SOC determination unit 101 compares the SOC (SOC (BB1) or SOC (BB2)) of selected sub power storage device BB with determination value TH1, and when SOC ⁇ TH1, the output signal is at a low level (L level). On the other hand, when SOC ⁇ TH1, the output signal is set to a high level (H level). Similarly, SOC determination unit 103 sets the output signal to a low level (L level) when SOC ⁇ TH2 by comparing SOC of selected sub power storage device BB with lower limit determination value TH2, while SOC When ⁇ TH2, the output signal is set to a high level (H level).
- the vehicle state determination unit 102 performs determination for vehicle state confirmation in step S130 of FIG. 6, and sets the output signal to the H level when step S130 is a vehicle state in which the determination is YES, while NO At the time of determination, the output signal is set to L level.
- the logic gate 106 outputs an AND logic operation result of the output signal of step S101 and the output signal of the vehicle state determination unit 102. That is, when both the output signals of SOC determination unit 101 and vehicle state determination unit 102 are at H level, logic gate 106 outputs an H level signal, and otherwise outputs an L level signal.
- SOC determination unit 101 corresponds to “first determination unit”
- vehicle state determination unit 102 and logic gates 160 and 107 correspond to “second determination unit”
- SOC determination unit 103 and The function of the logic gate 107 corresponds to a “third determination unit”.
- Converter control unit 200 generates control signals PWUA and PWDA for converter 12A based on voltages VH and VLA and voltage command value VHref so that voltage VH of power supply line PL2 becomes voltage command value VHref.
- the power limiting unit 120 sets the input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB.
- the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) are the SOC (SOC (BB1) or SOC (BB2)), battery temperature (TBB1 or TBB2), and output of the battery selected as the selected sub power storage device BB. It is set based on the voltage (VB1 or VB2).
- the ID is changed from 2 to 3.
- power limiting unit 120 changes input / output upper limit power Win (S), Wout (S) to Win of new selected sub power storage device BB after switching. , Win to a value corresponding to Win.
- the ID is changed from 4 to 0.
- the power limiting unit 120 performs the processing of steps S320 to S340 in FIG. 9, the processing of steps S520 to S540 in FIG. 11, and the “first power limiting unit” and “second power limiting unit” of the present invention. The function is realized.
- the power limiting unit 130 sets the input / output upper limit power Win (M) and Wout (M) of the main power storage device BA.
- input / output upper limit powers Win (M) and Wout (M) are set based on SOC (BA) of main power storage device BA, battery temperature TA, and output voltage VA.
- the power limiting unit 130 implements the processing of step S310 in FIG. 9 and step S510 in FIG.
- Relay control signals CONT4 to CONT7 are generated. For example, when switching selected sub power storage device BB from battery BB1 to battery BB2, relay control signals CONT4 to CONT7 are generated such that relays SR1 and SR1G are turned off while relays SR2 and SR2G are turned on.
- the shutdown command is stopped and the converter 12B is restarted, and the ID is changed from 3 to 4.
- connection switching control unit 140 corresponds to the processing in step S400 in FIG. 5 (S405 to S450 in FIG. 10).
- the switching determination criterion based on the remaining capacity (SOC) of the selected sub power storage device is set in two stages.
- SOC ⁇ TH2 the forced switching area
- TH1 ⁇ SOC ⁇ TH2 the switching permission area
- the switching determination of the sub power storage device to be used is appropriately performed in consideration of both battery protection and vehicle drivability. Can be performed.
- connection switching of the sub power storage device is executed after increasing the voltage of the power supply line PL2, so that the newly used sub power storage device is the starting point at the time of connection switching. It is possible to reliably prevent a short circuit path from being formed in the system. Further, during the switching process of the selected sub power storage device, the input / output upper limit powers Win (S) and Wout (S) of the selected sub power storage device BB are appropriately limited. It can avoid being requested.
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Abstract
Description
制御装置30は、これらの測定値に基づいて、SOC(State of Charge)に代表されるバッテリBAの状態を監視する。
なお、バッテリBA,BB1,BB2としては、たとえば、鉛蓄電池、ニッケル水素電池、リチウムイオン電池等の二次電池や、電気二重層コンデンサ等の大容量キャパシタなどを用いることができる。
図2を参照して、インバータ14は、U相アーム15と、V相アーム16と、W相アーム17とを含む。U相アーム15、V相アーム16、およびW相アーム17は、給電ラインPL2と接地ラインSL2との間に並列に接続される。
図3を参照して、コンバータ12Aは、一方端が電源ラインPL1Aに接続されるリアクトルL1と、給電ラインPL2と接地ラインSL2との間に直列に接続されるIGBT素子Q1,Q2と、それぞれの逆並列ダイオードD1,D2とを含む。
Claims (10)
- [規則91に基づく訂正 04.01.2010]
車両駆動パワーを発生するモータ(MG2)を搭載した電動車両(1)の電源システムであって、
主蓄電装置(BA)と、
前記モータを駆動制御するインバータ(14)に給電を行う給電ライン(PL2)と、
前記給電ラインと前記主蓄電装置との間に設けられ、双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第1の電圧変換器(12A)と、
互いに並列に設けられた複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記給電ラインとの間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置のうちの1つと前記給電ラインの間で双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第2の電圧変換器(12B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記第2の電圧変換器との間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置のうちの選択副蓄電装置(BB)を選択的に前記第2の電圧変換器と接続するように構成された接続部(39B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記第2の電圧変換器との間の選択的な接続を制御するように構成された切換制御装置(30)とを備え、
前記切換制御装置は、
使用中の選択副蓄電装置の残存容量(SOC)が予め設定された第1の判定値(TH1)よりも低下したか否かを検出するように構成された第1の判定部(101)と、
前記残存容量が前記第1の判定値よりも低下したときに、前記電動車両の車両状態に応じて、前記選択副蓄電装置の切換要求を発生するように構成された第2の判定部(102,106,107)と、
前記選択副蓄電装置の残存容量が、前記第1の判定値より低い第2の判定値(TH2)よりも低下したときに、前記車両状態にかかわらず前記切換要求を発生するように構成された第3の判定部(103,107)とを含む、電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記第2の判定部(102)は、前記残存容量(SOC)が前記第1の判定値(TH1)よりも低下したときに、前記電動車両(1)のトータル要求パワー(Pttl)が、前記主蓄電装置(BA)の出力電力上限値(Wout(M))に基づいて設定された判定値よりも低いと、前記切換要求を発生するように構成される、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。
- 前記電動車両(1)は、
前記モータ(MG2)とは独立に車両駆動パワーを出力可能に構成された内燃機関(4)と、
前記電動車両の全体要求パワー(Pttl)を、前記モータの出力パワーと、前記内燃機関の出力パワーとに分配する走行制御部(250)とをさらに備え、
前記第2の判定部(102)は、前記残存容量(SOC)が前記第1の判定値(TH1)よりも低下したときに、前記内燃機関が作動中であると前記切換要求を発生するように構成される、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - 前記切換制御装置は、
前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)のうちの前記選択副蓄電装置(BB)を除く予備蓄電装置の各々の充電容量が所定値よりも低いときに、前記切換要求の発生を禁止するように構成された予備蓄電装置判定部(105)をさらに含む、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 04.01.2010]
前記切換制御装置は、
前記切換要求が発生されたときに、前記給電ラインの電圧(VH)を、前記主蓄電装置の出力電圧および切換後に前記第2の電圧変換器と接続される副蓄電装置の出力電圧よりも高い第1の電圧(V1)とするように前記第1の電圧変換器に指示するように構成された昇圧指示部(110)と、
前記給電ラインの電圧が前記第1の電圧に達した後に、前記選択副蓄電装置による入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を徐々に零まで減少させるように構成された第1の電力制限部(120)と、
前記第1の電力制限部によって前記入出力電力上限値が零に設定されたときに、前記複数の副蓄電装置および前記第2の電圧変換器の間の接続を切換えるように構成された接続切換制御部(140)と、
前記接続切換制御部によって前記複数の副蓄電装置および前記第2の電圧変換器の間の接続が切換えられた後に、前記第2の電力変換器と新たに接続された副蓄電装置の充電状態に対応する値まで、前記入出力電力上限値を徐々に上昇させるように構成された第2の電力制限部(120)とをさらに含む、請求の範囲第1~4項のいずれか1項に記載の電動車両の電源システム。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 04.01.2010]
車両駆動パワーを発生するモータ(MG2)を搭載した電動車両(1)の電源システムの制御方法であって、
前記電源システムは、
主蓄電装置(BA)と、
前記モータを駆動制御するインバータ(14)に給電を行う給電ライン(PL2)と、
前記給電ラインと前記主蓄電装置との間に設けられ、双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第1の電圧変換器(12A)と、
互いに並列に設けられた複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記給電ラインとの間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置のうちの1つと前記給電ラインの間で双方向の電圧変換を行うように構成された第2の電圧変換器(12B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記第2の電圧変換器との間に設けられ、前記複数の副蓄電装置のうちの選択副蓄電装置(BB)を選択的に前記第2の電圧変換器と接続するように構成された接続部(39B)と、
前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記第2の電圧変換器との間の選択的な接続を制御するように構成された切換制御装置(30)とを備え、
前記制御方法は、
使用中の選択副蓄電装置の残存容量(SOC)が予め設定された第1の判定値(TH1)よりも低下したか否かを判定するステップ(S120)と、
前記残存容量が前記第1の判定値よりも低下したときに、前記電動車両の車両状態に応じて、前記選択副蓄電装置の切換要求を発生するステップ(S130)と、
前記選択副蓄電装置の残存容量が、前記第1の判定値より低い第2の判定値(TH2)よりも低下したときに、前記車両状態にかかわらず前記切換要求を強制的に発生するステップ(S140)とを備える、電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記切換要求を発生するステップ(S130)は、前記残存容量(SOC)が前記第1の判定値(TH1)よりも低下したときに、前記電動車両(1)のトータル要求パワー(Pttl)が、前記主蓄電装置(BA)の出力電力上限値(Wout(M))に基づいて設定された判定値よりも低いと、前記切換要求を発生する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。
- 前記電動車両(1)は、前記モータ(MG2)とは独立に車両駆動パワーを出力可能に構成された内燃機関(4)をさらに搭載し、
前記切換要求を発生するステップ(S130)は、前記残存容量(SOC)が前記第1の判定値(TH1)よりも低下したときに、前記内燃機関が作動中であると前記切換要求を発生する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。 - 前記複数の副蓄電装置(BB1,BB2)のうちの前記選択副蓄電装置(BB)を除く予備蓄電装置の各々の充電容量が所定値よりも低いときに、前記切換要求の発生を禁止するステップ(S110)をさらに備える、請求の範囲第6項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。
- [規則91に基づく訂正 04.01.2010]
前記切換要求が発生されたときに、前記給電ラインの電圧(VH)を、前記主蓄電装置の出力電圧および切換後に前記第2の電圧変換器と接続される副蓄電装置の出力電圧よりも高い第1の電圧(V1)とするように前記第1の電圧変換器に指示するステップ(S200)と、
前記給電ラインの電圧が前記第1の電圧に達した後に、前記選択副蓄電装置による入出力電力上限値(Win(S),Wout(S))を徐々に零まで減少させるステップ(S320~S340)と、
前記減少させるステップによって前記入出力電力上限値が零に設定されたときに、前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記第2の電圧変換器との間の接続を切換えるステップ(S400)と、
前記切換えるステップによって前記複数の副蓄電装置と前記第2の電圧変換器との間の接続が切換えられた後に、前記第2の電力変換器と新たに接続された副蓄電装置の充電状態に対応する値まで、前記入出力電力上限値を徐々に上昇させるステップ(S520~S540)とをさらに備える、請求の範囲第6~9項のいずれか1項に記載の電動車両の電源システムの制御方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2353919A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
JP5141772B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
CN102202929B (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
CN102202929A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
JPWO2010050040A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2353919A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
US20110257825A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
US8571734B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
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