WO2009118332A2 - Kraftwerksanlage sowie verfahren zu deren betrieb - Google Patents
Kraftwerksanlage sowie verfahren zu deren betrieb Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009118332A2 WO2009118332A2 PCT/EP2009/053499 EP2009053499W WO2009118332A2 WO 2009118332 A2 WO2009118332 A2 WO 2009118332A2 EP 2009053499 W EP2009053499 W EP 2009053499W WO 2009118332 A2 WO2009118332 A2 WO 2009118332A2
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- Prior art keywords
- gas turbine
- speed
- frequency
- power
- turbine
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of power plant technology. It relates to a combined cycle power plant with electronic decoupling or electronic frequency conversion between gas turbine and grid and a directly connected via a generator to the grid steam turbine and a method for operating such a power plant.
- FIG. 2 shows, in a greatly simplified illustration, a power plant 10 'of a known type, which generates electricity by means of a gas turbine 12 with a coupled first generator 18 and a steam turbine 24 with a coupled second generator 8 and feeds it into a network 21.
- the gas turbine 12 and the generator 18 are connected by a common shaft 19 and form a turbine train 1 1.
- the gas turbine comprises in the simplest case, a compressor 13, which sucks and compresses combustion air via an air inlet 16.
- the compressor 13 may be composed of a plurality of partial compressors connected in series, which operate on rising pressure level and possibly allow an intermediate cooling of the compressed air.
- the combustion air compressed in the compressor 13 enters a combustion chamber 15 into which liquid (e.g., oil) or gaseous (e.g., natural gas) fuel is injected via a fuel supply 17 and burned consuming combustion air.
- the steam turbine 24 may be coupled to the first generator 18 on the opposite side of the turbine 14; Gas turbine 12, first generator 18 and steam turbine 24 then form a so-called “single shaft power train.” However, steam turbine 24 can also drive its own second generator 8 on a separate shaft train 60, as shown in FIG For example, so-called 2 to 1 arrangements in which a steam turbine 24 on a shaft 60 with a second strand
- Generator 8 supplied by two gas turbines 12 downstream boilers 23 with steam is widely used.
- the gas turbines 12 are each arranged on a turbine train 1 1 with its own first generator 18.
- the speed of the gas turbine 12 is in a fixed ratio to the generated in the first generator 18 frequency of the AC voltage, which must be equal to the network frequency of the network 21.
- the generator frequency or mains frequency of 60 Hz is a gas turbine speed of 3600 rpm (eg gas turbine GT24 of the Applicant) and the generator frequency of 50 Hz a speed of 3000 rpm (eg gas turbine GT26 of the Applicant) assigned.
- FIG. 1 Above about 100 MW useful power, there are individual 1-shaft gas turbines which can be driven at a fixed speed of either 3000 rpm (for 50 Hz, GT26) or 3600 rpm ( GT24) are designed and optimized (F. Joos et al., Field Experience with the Sequential Combustion System of the GT24 / GT26 gas turbine family, ABB review no.5, p.12-20 (1998)). Above 100 Hz and at powers below 100 MW, virtually any alternating voltage frequencies are possible by configurations with a power turbine or gearbox, or by multi-shaft gas turbines (hatched area in FIG. 1). The achievements of the gas turbines over the
- a 1-shaft turbine generator set without reduction gear in which between the output of the generator and the network, a static frequency converter is arranged, with the aid of which generated by the generator AC frequency in the Frequency of the network is implemented.
- the generator When starting the gas turbine, the generator is used as a motor, which is powered from the grid via the static frequency converter with energy.
- the converter contains a direct current intermediate circuit formed by an inductance.
- the basic idea of the invention is to dissolve the at least one gas turbine generator set of a combined cycle power plant by means of an electronic device in terms of frequency from the grid and to operate the at least one steam turbine via a generator in terms of frequency coupled to the grid.
- the power plant in the design point and operation can be optimally adjusted to different boundary conditions and adjust, without the high design efficiency is significantly reduced.
- an optimization of the operation at low and overfrequency events is also disclosed by the proposed method, an optimization of the operation at low and overfrequency events.
- a system with a fixed power coupling of the steam turbine and a frequency-decoupled from the grid gas turbine allows both a flexible stationary operation with high overall efficiency and a flexible transient operation.
- matrix inverters are a type of suitable frequency converter.
- the frequency-independent operation of the gas turbine allows not only the better design by a slow design speed or design frequency and an enlargement of the gas turbine. According to the usual scaling between 60 Hz and 50 Hz, the size and power of the gas turbine can be further scaled by reducing the design speed below 50 Hz. Big and power are inversely proportional to the square of the speed.
- the power frequency independent operation of the gas turbine not only allows the gas turbine to operate closer to its optimum regardless of the ambient boundary conditions, but also allows the variations of exhaust gas mass flow and exhaust gas temperature to be reduced. This means that the boundary conditions for the at least one boiler and thus for the at least one steam turbine powered by this boiler can be better controlled. Due to these better control options, the additional improvement potential of a speed control of the steam turbine is greatly reduced
- the operating frequency of the gas turbine differs significantly from the grid frequency, in particular, the operating frequency is less than the grid frequency, and the grid frequency is 50 Hz or 60 Hz. In a preferred embodiment, the grid frequency is 60 Hz and the operating frequency is 50 Hz.
- the operating frequency of the gas turbine can also be greater than the mains frequency, which is preferably 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
- the mains frequency can be 50 Hz and the operating frequency is 60 Hz.
- Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it comprises a matrix converter with a plurality of in a (mxn) matrix arranged, controllable bidirectional switches, which controlled by a controller m inputs selectively connect to n outputs, where m is greater than n, and wherein first means for determining the sign of the currents in the inputs and second means for determining the signs of the voltages between the Inputs are provided, and wherein the first and second means are in operative connection with the controller.
- Bidirectional switches can consist of one component but can also be constructed of several components. For example, two antiparallel thyristors with the opposite switching direction can be used as controllable bidirectional switches.
- the means for determining the signs of currents and voltage can be current or voltage meters, for example. Alternatively, z. As well as binary encoder that spend only the sign applicable.
- the frequency converter is used as a variable electronic gear. This makes it possible to realize a reliable speed control of a gas turbine connected to the network.
- This variable electronic transmission can be realized for example by a matrix converter.
- the regulation of the rotational speed takes place in that the setpoint speed is transmitted to the variable electronic gearbox and the speed is imposed on the gas turbine via the generator.
- the generator is based on the variable electronic gear while against the quasi-static compared to the gas turbine network and forces by regulating the frequency ratio between mechanical speed and power frequency of the gas turbine, the target speed.
- the transmission ratio of gas turbine speed to power frequency of the variable electronic transmission is less than one. In particular, it is for example five sixths.
- the transmission ratio of gas turbine speed to power frequency of the variable electronic transmission can also be greater than one. In particular, it is for example six-fifths.
- Another embodiment allows flexible speed control by a design gear ratio.
- the target speed of the gas turbine is determined depending on the design and operating conditions of the gas turbine. This can be done for example in the control of the gas turbine, from which the target speed is transmitted to the controller of the variable transmission. A determination of the setpoint speed is also conceivable in a separate controller or a superordinate so-called unit controller which coordinates the control of the gas turbine and steam turbine in a combined cycle power plant.
- a further embodiment of the invention is characterized by a power plant, which is already optimized in its design for operation in electronic decoupled from the grid gas turbine.
- the design of the gas turbine can be optimized for off-grid operation.
- the water-steam cycle when combined with a speed-controlled gas turbine according to the above reduced marginal constraints described above can be better optimized for design operation and safety margins to be considered in the design can be reduced. Consequently, the design efficiency and the design performance of the water-steam cycle can be improved.
- gas turbine is designed as a gas turbine with sequential combustion.
- the possibilities are not only used by the frequency solution of the gas turbine from the grid for stationary load operation, but also to improve the transient operation. Special advantages result from the power frequency-dependent control in case of under- or overfrequency events.
- the power plant initially loses power at underfrequency; only after compensation for the shortfall by appropriate
- the power plant can actively support readjustment by increasing the efficiency of the grid. Conversely, the power plant initially increases power at overfrequency, only after balancing the extra power by appropriate readjustment, the power plant can actively support the network by reducing power. - These delays are eliminated in the new concept and the power plant can immediately load from the current load point and support the frequency. In this case, either the speed can be kept constant and dispensed with the delivery or recording dynamic power from the turbine train of the gas turbine or the speed of the turbine train can be varied regulated. By the regulation of
- Speed are the changes in the operating conditions of the gas turbine controlled and a pilot control of other control parameters of the gas turbine is possible.
- Subject of the following embodiments are aspects of the method for operating the combined cycle power plant, which optimize the control of short-term and long-lasting under or overfrequency events.
- short-term power frequency changes here are network frequency changes that occur within a few seconds or a few dozen seconds, as caused for example by the trip of a power plant or connecting a large consumer understood.
- short-term changes are understood to mean periods of a few seconds to about 30 seconds. However, these can also take up to several minutes and occur in stages, for example, if one power plant fails and with delay a second power plant fails due to the fallen grid frequency. They are in contrast to longer-lasting changes in the grid frequency at which the grid frequency is operated at a reduced frequency over a longer period of time.
- longer lasting changes are understood to be periods of more than 30 seconds. However, these can last up to several minutes, in special cases even up to hours.
- Short-term power frequency changes may be followed by longer-lasting power frequency changes.
- Essential for this sub-aspect of the inventive method is that kept at longer lasting changes in the grid frequency, the mechanical or aerodynamic speed of the gas turbine and the power of the gas turbine is adjusted without delay. Accordingly, speed-related changes in the exhaust gas mass flow are avoided and the water-steam cycle available energy of the exhaust gases are proportional to the power adjustment of the gas turbine.
- the steam turbine power can thus be kept constant in a first approximation or changes in proportion to the power adjustment of the gas turbine, without a speed control of the steam turbine is required.
- the task is to provide a method that allows a quick response to over- or under-frequency events in the network and thereby largely avoids or limits unwanted transients in the power plant.
- the mechanical speed of the gas turbine can be controlled independently of the grid frequency. Underfrequency of the network, the speed of the gas turbine can be lowered more or less than the grid frequency, and be raised more or less than the grid frequency at overfrequency of the network. As a result, the frequency support by release or
- the speed reduction or - increase of the gas turbine is controlled. Since the speed reduction is controlled, a suitable feedforward control can minimize the transient overshoot and undershoot in the hot gas temperature.
- the mechanical speed is not kept substantially constant, but the system is driven as follows: i.
- the frequency transformation causes the turbine train and first generator shaft train to be lowered more than the grid frequency.
- the stronger reduction of the mechanical speed increases the frequency support by releasing the rotational energy.
- a suitable pilot control can minimize the transient overshoot and undershoot in the hot gas temperature, ii.
- the mechanical speed of the gas turbine can be increased more than the grid frequency. Increasing the mechanical speed increases the frequency support by absorbing rotational energy in the shaft train. Also in this case can be a suitable
- Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram of a combined cycle power plant with
- Fig. 3 is a simplified diagram of a combined cycle power plant with
- Fig. 4 is a simplified diagram of a combined cycle power plant with
- FIG. 5 shows the exemplary internal structure of a matrix converter, as it can be used as an electronic decoupling device in a system according to FIG. 4;
- Fig. 6 is a comparable to Fig. 4 plant with different
- Fig. 7 shows the dependence of a lower speed limit on the compressor inlet temperature.
- Fig. 1 1 shows the time course of a longer underfrequency event with fixed coupling according to the prior art
- FIG. 12 shows the time profile of a longer underfrequency event with electronic decoupling
- FIG. 13 shows the time profile of a longer underfrequency event with electronic decoupling and anticipated underfrequency event
- Fig. 15 shows the influence of the ratio of mains frequency change
- FIG. 16 shows a brief underfrequency event with a fixed clutch
- Fig. 16a shows the time course of gas turbine speed and dynamic
- Fig. 18 is a brief underfrequency event with electronic
- Fig. 4 is shown in a highly simplified circuit diagram of a combined cycle power plant with gas turbine and an electronic decoupling device and a steam turbine according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the power plant 10 comprises a gas turbine 12 with a compressor 13 and sequential combustion, in which a first combustion chamber 15 with a first fuel via a first fuel supply 17 generates hot gas that is expanded in a first turbine 14a, then passed into a second combustion chamber 15 ' is where it causes a second increase in the temperature of the hot gas with a second fuel via a second fuel supply 17 ', which is then expanded in the second turbine 14b.
- the sequential combustion which is particularly advantageous in terms of efficiency, it is also possible to provide single-stage combustion.
- the remaining parts of the power plant 10 correspond to the parts with the same reference numerals in FIGS. 2 or 3.
- the first generator 18 is coupled directly to the shaft 19 of the gas turbine 12. Thus, the first generator 18 rotates at the same speed as the gas turbine 12. Between the output of the first generator 18 and the network 21 is now However, an electronic decoupling device or a variable electronic gear 27 is arranged, which causes a decoupling of the operating frequency generated in the first generator 18 and the rotational speed of the gas turbine 12 from the predetermined mains frequency of the network and allows control of the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12.
- the still relatively hot exhaust gas at the exit from the gas turbine is passed through a subsequent heat recovery steam generator 23 in order to generate steam for the operation of a steam turbine 24 in a separate water-steam cycle 25.
- the second generator 8 is mechanically coupled directly to the shaft 19 of the steam turbine 24 and electrically coupled directly to the mains frequency. Condenser, feedwater pump and other systems of the water steam cycle 25 are not shown for simplicity of illustration.
- the electronic decoupling device or the variable electronic gear 27 is - in order to limit the power loss - preferably designed as a matrix converter without DC intermediate circuit.
- a matrix converter which operates particularly low loss due to its control, has been described in EP-A2-1 199 794 in structure and in the mode of action. Further details of such a matrix converter have been made in EP-Al-1 561 273, in DE-A1-10 2004 016 453, DE-A1-10 2004 016 463 and DE-A1-10 2004 016 464.
- FIG. 5 shows the block diagram of a matrix converter with 6 input phases and 3 output phases.
- the matrix converter (27) connects in a time sequence 6 phases G1, .., G6 of a first generator 18 as a source with 3 phases L1, .., L3 of a load 30.
- the power unit 29 required for this purpose comprises 18 bidirectional switches 32 in the form of antiparallel thyristors (in the general case there are mxn switches for m input / source phases and n output / load phases).
- the switches 32 are arranged in a (6 x 3) matrix.
- a controller or a controller 31 is provided which receives from a timer 28 time signals (a clock frequency).
- the switching state of the switches 32 (ON, OFF) is monitored and in each case via a first signal line 36 to the controller 31 reported.
- the switches 32 are each controlled by the controller 31 via a control line 35.
- a current measuring device 34 is in each case arranged, which signals the sign of the phase current via a second signal line 37 to the controller 31. Furthermore, between the phases G1, .., G6 of the first generator 18, voltage measuring devices 33 are arranged, which signal the sign of the respective phase difference voltage to the controller 31 via a third signal line 38.
- voltage measuring devices 33 are arranged, which signal the sign of the respective phase difference voltage to the controller 31 via a third signal line 38.
- the decoupling device 27 can be embodied as a variable electronic gearbox 27, which controls the gas turbine via the first generator 18 at an operating frequency n m ⁇ Ch which is independent of the grid frequency F is.
- the gear ratio X of the variable electronic gear 27 is determined depending on the target speed 51 and the actual grid frequency F.
- variable electronic transmission or the decoupling device 27 in particular in the form of a matrix converter of the type described, the following advantages result:
- a support of the network frequency of the network is possible in a wide network frequency range. While with rigid frequency coupling a network frequency support in the range of 5-6% of the network frequency can be achieved, can be achieved by the electronic decoupling or
- An adjustment of the operating optima (power, efficiency) depending on the ambient conditions (eg the inlet temperature) is possible.
- the performance can be increased. - The efficiency can be improved
- the flexibility in load fluctuations and the life of the turbine can be improved.
- the turbine can continue to run at constant speed. Previously occurring additional thermal or mechanical loads, which were necessary by measures for speed support, eliminated or are reduced.
- the emission values can be improved.
- the additional degree of freedom of a variable speed allows to drive a desired power at a higher or lower speed.
- lower or higher turbine inlet temperatures with the effect of influencing the
- a frequency decoupling or variable frequency ratios allow the construction of power plants, where the size of a desired power can be minimized by the additional
- Degree of freedom that the speed can be set independent of mains frequency For example, a 3300 RPM turbine builds significantly smaller than a 3000 RPM turbine. This can also reduce the construction costs.
- a frequency decoupling or variable frequency ratios allow the construction of power plants in power ranges, which can not be achieved with comparable drive technology so far (eg with a turbine with 2400 rpm an increase in performance compared to an existing turbine with 3000 rpm of about 60% possible).
- Pressure curve (pressure conditions) in compressor and turbine o
- Cables are optimized with reduced margins for extreme T amb . o
- the maximum fuel pressure is reduced. Accordingly, the design margins for the fuel distribution system are reduced
- FDS Fluel Distribution System
- the design condition can be optimized so that the efficiency and performance of the gas turbine are improved: o This additionally improves the correction curve over T amb ; especially at high T amb is not unnecessarily much cooling air consumed.
- a turbine train - turbine and generator - within a power plant independent of the Grid frequency stable to operate at a desired speed supports the stabilization of power grids.
- the power plant In the case of frequency drops, the power plant must be able to maintain the power delivered at normal grid frequency, ideally even to deliver increased power to the power grid. Previous power plant systems can only ensure this to a limited extent.
- the mains frequency reduction senses a system permanently linked to the mains frequency as undesirable speed reduction on the turbine and the generator. After a short period during which kinetic energy is fed into the grid from the gas turbine generator shaft train due to the speed delay, the output power drops.
- a gas turbine system reacts in this case with a reduced Ansaugmassenstrom and significantly increased fuel supply, which leads to an increased hot gas temperature within the turbine. This in turn significantly reduces the life of the turbine, which increases the operating costs of the plant.
- the emission of pollutants in the form of NO x also increases significantly in this phase of operation.
- two limits have already been defined that severely limit an increase in power grid frequency - lifetime and emissions.
- the mechanical and aerodynamic compatibility plays a role. Strong frequency drops above 6% lead to the shutdown of power plants, since they are not mechanically able to operate with correspondingly reduced speeds.
- Another positive aspect of a grid frequency independent power plant system is the better adaptability of a plant to different site conditions.
- the already mentioned grid stability is an essential aspect, which depends decisively on the location.
- environmental conditions such as outside temperatures, air pressure, in particular the conditional by the altitude altitude, air humidity, and fuel composition, which affect the operating state of a power plant.
- the additional degree of freedom of the independent speed control makes it possible to generate respectively optimized operating conditions in accordance with the current environmental conditions. This efficiency improvements or performance increases are possible.
- the mechanical speed can be controlled inversely proportional to the compressor inlet temperature in order to keep the aerodynamic speed of the gas turbine constant.
- the target speed of the gas turbine is controlled in proportion to the root of the compressor inlet temperature
- a correction of the reference speed may be advantageous depending on the fuel gas used.
- the fuel gas volume flow will increase with decreasing specific calorific value of the fuel gas and thus increase the combustion chamber pressure and compressor discharge pressure.
- a reduction in the reference speed is proposed inversely proportional to the calorific value of the fuel gas. This becomes relevant, for example, in the combustion of synthesis gases.
- the efficiency enhancement potential of this new technology with respect to a power production site may be on the order of 3% (multiplicatively) at the turbine in a typical application.
- Capacity increases of significantly more than 10% in relation to a power production location are conceivable. Network frequency restrictions are irrelevant.
- turbo components, compressors and turbine can be equipped with new ones
- Boundary conditions are designed. So far, it has also been necessary for stationary gas turbines to consider a minimum operating range of approximately +/- 10% reduced speed as a safety window, based on design conditions. This ensures that the gas turbine can withstand both mechanical speed fluctuations, which are caused by mains frequency fluctuations, as well as changes in the inlet temperature, which in the ratio 1 / (T k - ⁇ ) 1/2 in the reduced speed received.
- design conditions typically ISO conditions, ie ambient conditions of 15 ° C, 60% relative humidity and 1013 mbar are selected. If the required reduced speed range is limited by an optimized driving concept, a new design of the compressor and turbine blading achieves both efficiency and performance gains.
- the exhaust gas mass flow at full load varies greatly depending on compressor characteristics and ambient conditions. For example, if the compressor inlet temperature on the coldest day for which unrestricted operation must be guaranteed 30 K lower than for the design point of the power plant, at full load for this coldest day is expected to increase by about 10% compared to the full load design point exhaust gas mass flow and the water Design the steam cycle accordingly.
- variations in full load exhaust gas mass flow can be reduced by up to one dimension or avoided altogether.
- the speed control of the gas turbine may be limited by limits in the mechanical speed. Accordingly, then variations in the exhaust gas mass flow can not be avoided and, for example, a design of the steam cycle for variations in the exhaust gas mass flow of plus / minus 5% is required.
- FIG. 6 shows a simplified diagram of a combined cycle power plant 10, which is designed for an operating method according to the invention.
- the turbine train 1 1 with the gas turbine 12 and the first generator 18 and the shaft train 60 of the steam turbine 24 correspond to those in Fig. 4. This also applies to the variable electronic gear or the electronic decoupling device 27 and the connected network 21.
- the network 21 can a general supply network, but also a traction power network. Instead of the network 21, a consumer, e.g. an industrial drive or compressor connected to a natural gas liquefaction plant.
- the network 21 or the consumer to which the second generator 8 of the steam turbine 24 is connected may be another network 21 or a different consumer than that to which the first generator 18 of the gas turbine 12 is connected.
- the illustration of condenser, feedwater pumps and other systems of the water steam cycle 25 has been omitted here for reasons of space.
- At least one row of adjustable compressor guide vanes 42 at the inlet of the compressor 13 and control valves 40 and 41 in the fuel supply 17 or 17 'to the combustion chambers 15, 15' serve to control or regulate the gas turbine 12.
- the corresponding control signals come from a controller 39 in accordance with certain input parameters that can be used individually or in selectable combination.
- One possible parameter is the compressor inlet temperature, which is measured with a first sensor 43 arranged at the air inlet 16.
- Other possible parameters are the compressor end temperature and the compressor discharge pressure, which are measured with second and third transducers 44 and 45, respectively, at the output of the compressor.
- Another sensor 46 which is connected to a Cooling air supply 50 from the compressor 13 to thermally loaded components of the gas turbine 12, for example, in the two turbines 14a and 14b, is arranged, measures the pressure and / or temperature and / or the flow rate of the cooling air.
- Another transducer 47 may be disposed on the second combustion chamber 15 'to measure the pressure in this combustion chamber.
- Outlet temperatures of the first and second turbine 14a, 14b can be measured via the transducers 52a, b.
- the speed of the gas turbine 12 can be removed, for example, at the first generator 18 and entered via a measuring line 48 in the control 39.
- a Netzfrequenzauf choir 49 may be provided for measuring the network frequency in the network 21.
- a value for a target power ZL can be entered into the control 39.
- the controller 39 regulates the aerodynamic or mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch the gas turbine 12 and the first generator 18 for one or more of these parameters in electronic decoupling from the grid, without the speed of the grid frequency F of the network 21 is affected.
- the regulation of the rotational speed can alternatively also be effected, for example, by transmitting the setpoint speed 51 calculated in the control 39 of the gas turbine to the controller 31 of the variable electronic gearbox 27 and impinging the setpoint speed 51 on the gas turbine 12 via the generator.
- the first generator 18 is based on the variable electronic gear 27 against the quasi-static compared to the gas turbine 12 network 21 and forces by regulating the frequency ratio between the network F and mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine, the target speed 51.
- Quasi-static network 21 in this context means that changes in the network frequency F due to a change in the speed n m ⁇ Ch or the output from the respective gas turbine 12 power to the network 21 are very small and in the control process are negligible or can be easily compensated. This means in particular that in an adaptation of the forced gas turbine speed, a possibly resulting change in the grid frequency F a magnitude is smaller. In general, the resulting change in the network frequency F in the noise of the network will be difficult or impossible to measure.
- the water-steam circuit 25 is controlled in this example by a water-steam cycle controller 55.
- This receives, as well as the control 39 of the gas turbine 12 its control signals from the unit controller 56 and is with this via the signal lines 58 in the signal exchange.
- the water-steam cycle controller 55 gets over the signal lines 57 all necessary to control the boiler 23 operating conditions, such as temperatures, mass flows or positions of valves and pressures of the boiler and sends via lines 57, the control signals to the boiler 23.
- the outlet temperature 52b of the gas turbine 14b are transmitted directly to the water-steam circuit controller 55.
- the control signals are exchanged via the signal lines 57.
- the water-steam cycle is usually not controlled by a water-steam cycle controller 55, but via a series of controllers that communicate with the unit controller 56.
- controllers that communicate with the unit controller 56.
- controllers would be, for example, a controller for the steam turbine, a controller for the boiler or a controller for the auxiliary systems, such as condenser and feedwater pumps.
- FIG. 7 shows, in simplified form, the normalized minimum rotational speed of a gas turbine 12 which is conventionally observed above the compressor inlet temperature T k1 , below which the gas turbine 12 is protected by a load shedding D. It consists of a mechanical speed limit C and a compressor protection E together.
- a further improvement of the flexibility and the operating range of a gas turbine can be achieved within the scope of the invention in that the absolute speed range in which the gas turbine 12 can be operated stationarily on the network 21 can be significantly extended to low rotational speeds nm ⁇ Ch .
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch is limited downwards in conventional gas turbines 12 by the excitation of natural frequencies. These can be, for example, natural frequencies of blades. Speed ranges in which natural frequencies are excited can only be transiently traversed. This happens when starting or stopping the gas turbine 12, as long as it is not synchronized with the network 21.
- Speeds n m ⁇ Ch which can lead to the excitation of natural frequencies, is a stop band , in which the gas turbine 12 can not be operated stationary.
- the uppermost blocking area below the operating frequency of the gas turbine 12 conventionally establishes the mechanical speed limit C.
- the proposed control of the gas turbine speed which is released from the grid frequency, makes it possible to drive transiently through blocked areas even during the power output of the gas turbine to the grid and the gas turbine at a rotational speed n m ⁇ C h operate below a stopband .
- excitations can be applied to the shaft train by the electronic device at the first generator 18.
- the blocking regions can be included in the control of the gas turbine 39. Since these suggestions depend on the electronic device, in one embodiment the stop bands are stored in the controller 31 of the variable electronic gearing 27. If the setpoint speed 51 falls within such a blocking range, this is corrected in the controller 31 to the next higher or next lower value below, or above the stopband and regulated according to the corrected value, the variable electronic transmission.
- the speed limit to be observed as shown simplified in the example of the load shedding as Kompressorpumpschutz E at low speed in Fig.
- the compressor 13 can be optimized with smaller distances ⁇ n to the surge limit n s and designed to operate closer to or at the optimum speed n opt since changes in aerodynamic speed n * are due to changes the compressor inlet temperature T «i can be compensated by controlling the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch .
- the margin for changes in grid frequency F can be reduced or dropped altogether.
- a control 39 in which the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch is regulated as a function of the compressor inlet temperature T K i, is shown in FIG.
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h is raised in proportion to the compressor inlet temperature T K i to the aerodynamic speed
- n * n mech to keep constant.
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h is controlled to a constant value or readjusted as soon as mechanical or other limit values such as pressures or temperatures are reached. Specifically, starting from the design temperature T ⁇ -id, in which the optimal aerodynamic rotational speed n opt is reached with a mechanical rotational speed n m ⁇ C h, the mechanical rotational speed n m ⁇ Ch is raised with increasing compressor inlet temperature T k1 until the upper limit in the mechanical rotational speed n max is reached. Similarly, with decreasing compressor inlet temperature T k1, the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h is reduced until the lower limit in the mechanical speed n mm is reached. When the mechanical limits have been reached, the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch is kept constant in this example.
- the entry temperatures or hot gas temperatures of the turbines 14 a, b can be controlled independently of the compressor inlet temperature T k1 and the speed. For example, it is regulated to a constant value. In this case, controlling the mechanical speed, with which the aerodynamic speed n * of the compressor is kept constant, causes the aerodynamic speed of the turbines 14a, b to change in proportion to the mechanical speed. This further causes the operating point of the turbine 14 a, b shift and change their efficiencies. With the efficiencies, the turbine outputs and the turbine outlet temperatures 52 a, b, the Abgasenthalpien and thus the boundary conditions for the downstream boiler 23 of the water-steam cycle change 25.
- the boundary conditions of the water-steam cycle With regard to the boundary conditions of the water-steam cycle, a regulation of the gas turbine speed to constant turbine outlet temperature 52b or constant exhaust gas enthalpy within the speed limit of the gas turbine is possible as an alternative to a control to constant aerodynamic speed n * of the compressor.
- the water-steam cycle can be better optimized for design operation and the safety margins to be considered in the design can be reduced.
- the characteristics of the entire combined cycle power plant become significantly flatter. This means that the power and efficiency changes of the power plant are smaller than in conventional power plants in the event of deviations of the operating conditions from the design conditions.
- Fig. 10 the course of the normalized cooling air pressure ratio ⁇ COO ⁇ and the normalized cooling air mass flow m CO oi compressor inlet temperature T k1 for a cooling air system of the gas turbine 12 is shown, which is supplied with cooling air 50 from the central part of the compressor.
- cooling air which is taken from the compressor end, which is inevitably always available with the compressor outlet pressure
- cooling air extraction from the compressor is not guaranteed a constant pressure ratio for all operating conditions, since the pressure build-up in the compressor shifts depending on the operating conditions. This is taken into account in the design of the cooling air system, so that the minimum required amount of cooling air m COo i d at the minimum required cooling air pressure ratios ⁇ COO ⁇ available in the entire design range.
- the normalized cooling air pressure ratio ⁇ COO ⁇ and the normalized cooling air mass flow m C ooi- Dies already at ISO conditions to increased cooling air consumption m CO oi with the compressor inlet temperature continues to increase and leads to performance and efficiency inferences.
- the normalized cooling air pressure ratio ⁇ COO ⁇ and the resulting normalized cooling air mass flow m CO oi can be reduced.
- the normalized cooling air pressure ratio ⁇ COO ⁇ and resulting in the normalized cooling air mass flow rricooi be raised. Accordingly, by controlling the speed, the cooling air ratios can be controlled to design conditions regardless of the compressor inlet temperature and thus kept at the design value.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 schematically show examples of longer duration underfrequency events. They are described for a, in a 50 Hz network 21, operated gas turbine 12, but are analogously applicable for operation in a 60 Hz network 21 or a network 21 with a different design frequency. By analogy, the corresponding concepts for overfrequency events will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Noise, high-frequency small variations of the line frequency F or noise are neglected and not shown.
- Fig. 1 the course of a prolonged underfrequency event for a conventional gas turbine 12 with fixed coupling to the network 21 is schematic shown.
- the gas turbine 12 is operated at time t 2 at full load and design speed. Between time t 2 and t 3 , the mains frequency F drops from 50 Hz to 49 Hz.
- the speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12 normalized with the design speed correspondingly reduces from 100% to 98%.
- the relative power of the gas turbine P r ⁇ 1 initially decreases proportionally to the speed n m ⁇ Ch .
- P r ⁇ ⁇ the relative power P r ⁇ ⁇ based on the full load power at 100% speed.
- the hot gas temperature T hot initially remains constant. It is raised in this example only with a short delay, as a response of the control 39 on the speed-related power loss.
- This increase in the hot gas temperature T ho t to 100.4% of the full load hot gas temperature causes the power loss is partially compensated and the gas turbine (12) in this example during the prolonged under- frequency event with 99% relative power P r ⁇ ⁇ at only 98% normalized mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h is operated.
- the increase in the hot- gas temperature T hot is moderate. If no reduction in performance can be accepted and the grid frequency decreases more, significantly higher lifetime critical increases are required.
- the hot gas temperature T ho t can only be reduced again to its design value if the mains frequency F between t 4 and t 5 returns to its nominal value 50 Hz. With the increase of the hot gas temperature T hot over the full load value is associated with increased lifetime consumption. Depending on the network requirements, a compromise can be made between power supply for frequency support and service life consumption.
- Fig. 12 shows schematically the course of the operating parameters during the same longer duration underfrequency event using an example of a system with electrical decoupling between network 21 and gas turbine 12.
- the normalized mechanical Speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12 is maintained at 100%.
- the relative power P r ⁇ ⁇ and hot gas temperature T hot of the gas turbine 12 at the beginning of the underfrequency event immediately after t 2 initially remains constant.
- the controller reacts and increases the hot gas temperature T ho t, so as to increase the relative power P r ⁇ ⁇ the gas turbine.
- T hot 100.4%
- Gas turbine power can be avoided, but will deliver a relative power P r ⁇ ⁇ of 101% of the full load power to the network 21. From the time t 4 , the grid frequency F recovers and, as a consequence, the relative power P r ⁇ 1 and, correspondingly, the T hot can be reduced until normal full-load operation is achieved again at time t 5 .
- FIG. 13 schematically shows the course of an anticipated underfrequency event with electronic decoupling.
- the operator is notified of an impending event, such as the shutdown of a larger power plant from the network 21, or the connection of a larger consumer to the network 21, which may cause a frequency dip. Accordingly, it selects a standby mode of the gas turbine 12 at the time t 0 .
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12 now rises and reaches, for example, 101.5% at the time ti.
- the hot gas temperature T hot is reduced in accordance with the increased speed n m ⁇ Ch . This is compared to a company at the design speed 100% and design hot-gas temperature possibly a loss of efficiency accepted.
- the gas turbine 12 can be further operated at the increased speed n m ⁇ Ch .
- the hot gas temperature T hot can now be increased to improve performance on the full load value.
- the gas turbine is operated at design hot gas temperature at an increased speed n m ⁇ Ch and, in this example for frequency assistance , can output a normalized power lying above the full load power. This is 100.8% in this example. This can be achieved without the otherwise usual for frequency support usual acceptance of lifetime losses.
- the grid frequency F recovers and, consequently, the relative power P r ⁇ ⁇ and correspondingly the speed n m ⁇ Ch can be reduced until normal time full load operation is reached again at time t 5 .
- the gas turbine power P r ⁇ ⁇ may need to be increased.
- the increased speed n me ch increases the mass flow and thus the pressure ratio across the turbine.
- the hot gas temperature of the gas turbine is lowered. Both result in a decrease of the turbine outlet temperature , which can adversely affect the performance of the steam turbine despite the increased exhaust gas mass flow and is compensated by the gas turbine power P r ⁇ ⁇ .
- the relative powers P r ⁇ 1 shown in the figures relate to the power in quasi-stationary operation.
- the dynamic power component, as it occurs at a speed change of the shaft train is neglected.
- the qualitative course of the steam turbine power typically corresponds to the relative power of the P r ⁇ ⁇ of the gas turbine 12.
- the conventional case of the fixed power coupling of the gas turbine 12 according to FIG Speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12 reduces the exhaust gas mass flow and the heat available for the water-steam cycle heat. Due to the reduced mass flow and the increased hot gas temperature T hot , however, the exhaust gas temperature 52 of the gas turbine 12 will increase, so that the power loss of the steam turbine 24 is smaller than that of the gas turbine 12. When the exhaust gas temperature 52 is greatly increased, the power of the steam turbine 12 may even be constant be held or rise. During the underfrequency events illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, the power of the steam turbine 24 will increase due to the increased exhaust energy and thus contribute to the frequency support.
- FIG. 14 to FIG. 18 The course of rapid power frequency events of the gas turbine 12 and possible influence by the electrical decoupling on the course of such events is exemplified in FIG. 14 to FIG. 18 on the basis of underfrequency events. They are described for a 50 Hz network 21, but are analogously applicable to a 60 Hz network 21 or a network 21 with a different design frequency. By analogy, the corresponding concepts for the person skilled in the art will be understood About frequency events. Noise, high-frequency small variations of the line frequency F or noise are neglected and not shown.
- FIG. 14 schematically shows the course of the gas turbine speed n m ⁇ Ch , as well as the dynamic power Pdyn output by the gas turbine shaft train to the network during an underfrequency event.
- the line frequency F drops from 50 Hz to 49 Hz with a constant gradient between the times T 2 and T 3 .
- the dynamic speed P dy n is released during the speed change, which is proportional to the gradient of the speed change.
- the network frequency which is shown here as a normalized network frequency f G , will be explained on the basis of 3 ratios.
- the speed with a ratio of 2: 1 is more concentrated than the normalized line frequency f G. Accordingly, the double dynamic power P dyn, 2 can be delivered. However, a doubling of the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h, 3 must be accepted.
- the speed is subtracted at a ratio of 1: 2 weaker than the normalized line frequency f G. Accordingly, only half the dynamic power P dy n, 3 can be delivered. However, the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h, 3 is lowered only half as much, so that the quasi-stationary power of the gas turbine does not fall so much and the distance to a possible compressor pumping remains greater.
- FIG. 15 schematically illustrates the influence of the ratio between the mains frequency change and the gas turbine speed change of electronic decoupling in the case of an anticipated underfrequency event.
- the first case is again shown, in which the speed change of the shaft train n m ⁇ C h, i exactly follows the change of the normalized network frequency f G and thus during the transit between the time T 2 and T 3 for delivering the dynamic power P dyn, i leads.
- the operator is notified of an impending event, such as the shutdown of a larger power plant from the grid, or the connection of a larger load to the grid that may cause a frequency dip. Accordingly, it selects a standby mode at time T 0 Gas turbine on.
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch of the gas turbine now increases and reaches an increased mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch at time T 1 . Accordingly, dynamic power P dyn is received from the shaft train (not shown).
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch, 4 of the gas turbine 12 is first increased by 1% between T 0 and T 1 .
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch, 4 is lowered only half as much and at the end of the grid frequency collapse, the gas turbine 12 is still driving at design speed.
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h, 5 of the gas turbine is first increased by 2% between T 0 and T 1 .
- the speed of the gas turbine shaft train with a ratio of 2: 1 is more concentrated than the normalized network frequency f G. Accordingly, the double dynamic power Pd yn , 5 can be delivered.
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h, 5 is also twice as much lowered. Due to the increased speed before the power frequency break-in , however, the gas turbine still drives at the same speed n m ⁇ Ch at the end of the power-line break-in , as in the reference case with a fixed coupling between network 21 and gas turbine 12.
- the gas turbine power P r ⁇ ⁇ undergoes a significant slump. Only at a delay does the controller at time T 4 bring the hot- gas temperature T hot to the nominal value raised for frequency assistance with respect to the design value.
- the minimum in the hot gas temperature T ho t is achieved in the example purely randomly at the time T 3 . It can be achieved before or after the time T 3 , depending on the dynamics of the regulation and the time profile of the specific underfrequency event.
- Fig. 16a the curve of the gas turbine speed n m ⁇ C h of the example of a fixed- frequency underfrequency event between the gas turbine 12 and the network 21 of Fig. 16 is shown again.
- the schematic is associated normalized dynamic power P dy n represented over time.
- a maximum in the dynamic power P dyn results at the time of the steepest speed gradient .
- the illustrated normalized dynamic power P dy n is normalized with this maximum value.
- this maximum can reach the magnitude of the full-load power of the gas turbine 12. Accordingly, the power plant, in particular the shaft train of the gas turbine 12 and the electrical systems, interpreted.
- the electrical decoupling makes it possible to avoid such maxima in the dynamic power P dy n.
- FIG. 16b it is shown for comparison, how with a constant gradient in the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch the same kinetic energy is emitted in the period between T 2 and T 3 , as in the example of FIG. 16 a.
- the dynamic power P dyn is limited to 60% of the maximum value of the example of FIG. 16a. Accordingly, power plant can be designed with a decoupling and regulated or limited speed gradient to lower maxima.
- independent gas turbine speed n m ⁇ Ch can be dispensed with the design for dynamic power P dyn .
- control unit 39 changes the Ansaugmassenstromes and the boundary conditions
- Combustion chamber 15, 15 * approximately precalculate and accordingly make a pilot control of the control valves 17, 17 * .
- the transient behavior can be improved and avoid or reduce maxima in the hot gas temperature.
- FIG. 17 analogously to FIG. 16, the same underfrequency event with electronic decoupling and constant gas turbine speed is shown schematically.
- the mechanical speed of the gas turbine n m ⁇ C h remains constant regardless of the grid frequency F. Accordingly, no direct influence of the grid frequency F on the hot gas temperature T hot and the gas turbine power P r ⁇ ⁇ at time T 2 can be seen. Only with a short delay raises the control 39, the hot gas temperature Thot to increase the frequency support the gas turbine power P r ⁇ ⁇ .
- the grid frequency F stabilized at time T 3 to 49 Hz. Due to the inertia of the gas turbine 12, the measurements and the control 39, the gas turbine 12 comes only with a small time delay at time T 4 to a quasi-stationary operation with constant power P r ⁇ ⁇ and hot gas temperature Thot.
- FIG. 18 schematically shows an underfrequency event with electronic decoupling, anticipated underfrequency event, and during the frequency decay of a constant held gas turbine speed nm ⁇ Ch .
- the operator is notified of an impending event, such as the shutdown of a larger power plant from the network 21, or the connection of a larger consumer to the network 21, which may cause a frequency dip. Accordingly, it selects a standby mode of the gas turbine 12 at the time T 0 .
- the mechanical speed n me ch of the gas turbine now increases and reaches, for example, 101% at time T 1 .
- the hot gas temperature T hot is reduced in accordance with the increased speed n m ⁇ Ch .
- a loss of efficiency is possibly accepted in relation to operation at the design speed 100% and design hot-gas temperature.
- dynamic power P dyn is absorbed by the shaft train (not shown).
- the distance is reduced in the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch to a load shedding for overspeed.
- the gas turbine 12 can be further operated at the increased speed n m ⁇ C h.
- the hot gas temperature T hot product may be increased to improve performance to the full-load value.
- the gas turbine 12 is operated at design hot gas temperature with increased speed n m ⁇ C h and can in this example for
- Frequency support deliver a normalized power over the full load power. This is just under 101% in this example. This can be achieved without the otherwise usual for frequency support usual acceptance of lifetime losses.
- the possible driving concepts are not limited to the illustrated examples, but can be combined and expanded by the skilled person according to the requirements.
- the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch for example, first with a high gradient, which is greater than the power frequency change, up to a first limit that still has a relatively small margin to the design limits of the gas turbine 12 can be reduced. After reaching this first limit, the speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12 with a reduced gradient, which is for example smaller than that of the mains frequency change, can be further changed. According to this reduced gradient, dynamic power P dyn can still be delivered to the network 21 until a second limit is reached.
- This second limit represents the minimum distance to the design limits of the gas turbine 12, which is to be maintained in order to ensure safe operation. Because the Limits may be functions of the operating conditions of the gas turbine 12, in particular the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch , the aerodynamic speed and of pressures or pressure conditions, including design limits both mechanical limits and aerodynamic limits.
- the ratio between change in mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch and mains frequency change as a function of the distance from the current mechanical speed n m ⁇ C h of the gas turbine 12 and the design limits can be selected.
- the ratio approaches zero when the mechanical speed n m ⁇ Ch approaches the minimum distance from the design limits of the gas turbine 12.
- the gas turbine 12 can be driven again to the optimum mechanical rotational speed n m ⁇ C h by the electrical decoupling independently of the value of the grid frequency F.
- the shaft train is accelerated or decelerated with a small gradient.
- the gradient is sufficiently small to choose so that the required for acceleration dynamic power P dyn has no significant reduction in the power output to the network 21 result.
- the gradient should be chosen such that only a maximum of about 5% of the gas turbine power is used as the dynamic power P dyn for acceleration.
- the proportion is even less than 3% to keep. In practice, a share of less than 1% is sufficient.
- the behavior of the steam turbine in the event of underspeed or overfrequency events is not shown in FIGS. 14 to 18. Due to the unchanged fixed coupling between network and steam turbine, the behavior of the steam turbine does not change with short-term frequency changes compared to conventional combined cycle power plants. That is, a dynamic performance is delivered analogously to the examples explained in FIGS. 14 to 16 for the fixed coupling gas turbine.
- the Quasi-stationary power of the steam turbine 24 changes without further measures in accordance with the thermal inertia of the water-steam circuit 25 with a delay depending on the exhaust gas flow provided by the gas turbine 12. If the speed reduction of the gas turbine 12 is smaller than the reduction of the grid frequency F by the speed control of the gas turbine, the power output of the steam cycle is improved in comparison to conventional power plants in principle. If the speed reduction of the gas turbine 12 is greater than the lowering of the grid frequency F to deliver dynamic power P dyn to the grid in the short term, the power output of the water vapor circuit may deteriorate.
- Analog driving concepts are conceivable for gas turbines 12 with a simple combustion chamber as well as for gas turbines 12 with sequential combustion. In principle, it is possible to use the T hot of both combustion chambers 15, 15 'for regulation or to change only the T hot of a combustion chamber 15, 15'. The combinations with other parameters are also provided here, depending on the driving concept and operating point.
- Compressor outlet temperature, cooling air temperatures and pressures and the exhaust gas parameters change in a manner known to those skilled in the art, depending on the chosen driving concept.
- the ratios of the influences of speed n m ⁇ C h and hot gas temperature T hot on the gas turbine power P re ⁇ , as well as the dynamic flow of the control are highly dependent on the design of the gas turbine 12 and the implemented controller and control parameters.
- the influence of the hot gas temperature T ho t of a second combustion chamber 15 'in a gas turbine 12 with sequential combustion is significantly higher than the influence of a first
- Combustion chamber 15 Depending on design criteria of the gas turbine 12, such as the mechanical, aerodynamic and cooling requirements, as well as the Network requirements, the driving concept of the gas turbine 12 can be optimized according to the embodiments shown.
- the driving concepts are not limited to the illustrated examples, but can be combined and expanded by the skilled person according to the requirements.
- embodiments and methods with a large number of different frequency converters are possible, for example using multilevel converters, intermediate circuit recorders, or direct converters, ie current and / or voltage converters.
- G1 .., G6 phase (generator)
- T time f G standardized network frequency i dyn dynamic power of the gas turbine shaft train, which is delivered due to the speed gradient to the network
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Abstract
Description
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CN2009801201787A CN102124187A (zh) | 2008-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | 发电站设备及其运行方法 |
DE112009000663.9T DE112009000663B4 (de) | 2008-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer kraftwerksanlage |
US12/886,868 US8247919B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2010-09-21 | Power station with grid frequency linked turbine and method for operating |
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- 2009-03-25 DE DE112009000663.9T patent/DE112009000663B4/de active Active
- 2009-03-25 WO PCT/EP2009/053499 patent/WO2009118332A2/de active Application Filing
- 2009-03-25 CN CN201511001314.4A patent/CN105587351B/zh active Active
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US8247919B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2012-08-21 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Power station with grid frequency linked turbine and method for operating |
DE102017211010A1 (de) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasturbinenanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112009000663B4 (de) | 2022-11-03 |
US8247919B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
DE112009000663A5 (de) | 2011-02-10 |
CN102124187A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
CN105587351A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
US20110018265A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
WO2009118332A3 (de) | 2014-12-24 |
CN105587351B (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
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