WO2009026730A1

WO2009026730A1 - Tensile body for static and dynamic loads

Info

Publication number: WO2009026730A1
Application number: PCT/CH2007/000431
Authority: WO
Inventors: Richard Phillips; Peter Schreiner; Daniel Schlesier; Daniel Schoepke
Original assignee: Brugg Kabel Ag
Priority date: 2007-08-31
Filing date: 2007-08-31
Publication date: 2009-03-05

Abstract

A flexible, deflectable tensile body (16) is used for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles. The tensile body (16) comprises at least one stranded wire (18) mad from tensile individual elements (10) such as fibres, wires and/or strips. At last some of the individual elements (10)of the stranded wire (18) are held apart by means of a coating (12) and/or a filler in the form of fibres (28) and/or pourable powder or granules (30). In preferred designs at least one individual element (10) of a stranded wire (18) is replaced by a good electrical conductor wire (46) or an optical fibre (44).

Description

Tension member for static and dynamic loads

The invention relates to a flexible, deflectable tension member for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles, which tension member comprises at least one strand of tensile individual elements, such as fibers, wires and / or bands. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the tension member.

Flexible, deflectable tension members are in practice pull cords or pull cables, in particular of round or flat cross-section. Commercially available wires, e.g. made of high-strength steel, stranded as a basic element into strands. These in turn can be twisted into ropes and / or offered in a plastic sheath as a finished product, cut from a roll or in a fixed length with two Anankerungsendstücken.

In EP 1498542 A1 a running tension member is described, which is movable in its longitudinal axis about at least one deflection roller. The tension member comprises a plastic sheath and a wire bundle embedded therein and forming a core. This itself consists of a number of high-strength wires, which are arranged approximately parallel or only slightly twisted to each other. As a result, the material fatigue can be reduced during deflection and the modulus of elasticity can be increased considerably.

Furthermore, WO 2005/054569 A3 describes a flexible tensioning device that can be wound up and unwound. The core strand of each stranded rope is enveloped by a flexible thermosplastic plastic layer. The coating of the finished core strand prior to stranding with other, uncoated strands in direct contact increases the flexibility of a conventional stranded rope considerably.

The invention has for its object to further improve a tension member of the type described above to reduce the cost and make the traction member accessible to other areas of use.

With respect to the tension member, the object is achieved according to the invention in that at least a portion of the individual elements of the strands are kept at a distance by a feed and / or filling material. Special and further embodiments of the tension member are the subject of dependent claims.

The coating of the individual elements preferably consists of at least one thermoplastic material, they are extruded, wound up or applied by another customary chemical or physical process. As thermoplastic materials, also crosslinked polymers, offer • in particular thermoplastic elastomers, such as PTFE

(Polytetrafluoroethylene), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), PA (polyamide) and / or TPU (polyurethane). There can also be several

Layers of the same or different material are applied.

An essential feature of the coatings is their high adhesion to the substrate and to several layers of the layers. The

Adhesive strength can be applied by a previously applied to the single element

Primer or in several layers can be improved by an intermediate layer. Expediently, the applied layer or the outermost applied layer has a low sliding resistance, in which case the layer is self-lubricating.

The lubricity of the layers can be further improved by at least one of the following measures:

- On the coating, a lubricating layer is applied, in particular a grease, an oil or a surface-active additive, or surface compound. - The outer mantle! has a surface roughness Ra of 1-5 μm.

As a variant, coatings of bare single metal elements with an adhesive lubricant, e.g. a per se known high molecular weight lubricant, applied in practice even a few microns thick.

By the aforementioned measures, the lubricity of the individual elements and / or the strands is greatly increased in the longitudinal direction, which greatly increases the flexibility of the tension member during deflection and its life.

The thickness of the coatings varies widely, depending on the dimensions and shape to be coated individual elements and / or strands. In practice, the layer thicknesses are suitably in the range of 5 microns to 10 mm.

Depending on the use of the traction element and its functionality, specific additives can be added to the coatings, for example for marking, for changing the adhesion, chemical, physical and / or mechanical protection or for improving the wear resistance.

The tension elements and the strands may have all the usual cross-sectional shapes in practice, for example, round, oval, egg-shaped or polygonal. In addition to or instead of a coating, fibers, preferably of aramid (Kevlar), can be formed between the individual elements of a strand,

Glass, carbon or plastic and / or a powder, preferably of a thermoplastic, e.g. of PTFE (Teflon, tetrafluoroethylene) or of another mentioned coating material. These

Fillers hold the individual elements of a strand or the strands themselves in

Distance from each other, at least about 0.1 mm. This is a good one Longitudinal displacement of the individual tension elements given and ensures the exceptionally high flexibility of the tension member.

The tension elements of the strands are preferably made of a metal, for example of steel of high tensile strength, in particular from about 2300 to about 3500 N / mm ² , which may also be stainless and / or coated with zinc, chromium or brass.

The individual strands preferably have a lay length of at most 12x0 (diameter), in particular 7x0. The peel strength of the coating over twice the lay length of a strand is greater than about 150 N / mm, ie very high.

According to a first particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one individual element of a strand is replaced by a loose tube with optical glass fibers as the optical waveguide.

According to a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one individual element of a strand is replaced by at least one electrically highly conductive wire or a wire strand, preferably copper or aluminum with an electrically insulating sheath of a thermoplastic material.

Of course, in a pulling member, at least one element may also be replaced by a loose tube with optical fibers as the optical waveguide and at least one single element by at least one electrically highly conductive wire or strand.

A pulling member with at least one electrical and / or optical conductor can be used for data transmission, in particular with respect to

Load, remaining service life, essential faults, the due date of maintenance work and the replacement of the tension member. Next can external H2007 / 000431

Parameter are transmitted, for example, the temperature and / or humidity. If one or more tension elements are made of electrically highly conductive material, the tension element according to the invention can also be used to transmit electrical power currents.

The inventive flexible, deflectable tension member has the following main advantages even without optical or electrical conductors:

- Higher efficiency. The material fatigue lasts twice as long as with conventional ropes of the same cross section and the same structure, the minimum bending radius is much lower. The losses in tensile strength with age are up to about 20% lower. The friction / tensile behavior is determined by the composition of the outer coating and its texture or surface roughness.

- Higher security. The damaging effects of the ambient atmosphere are limited.

- Higher comfort. The lower vibrations produce less noise.

- Cost savings. Compared to conventional stranding techniques, the manufacturing process with fewer production steps and the lower maintenance work result in significant cost savings.

- For the same performance, the cross-section can be reduced to about 30%.

- Influencing functionality via various additives opens up a broad field of application.

Special advantages, as mentioned, the equipping of the tension member with optical and electrical conductors, in particular thanks to the facilitated Transmission of signals.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing, which are also the subject of dependent claims. The cross sections show schematically:

- Fig. 1 uncoated individual elements

- Fig. 2 coated individual elements

- Fig. 3 coated multi-elements (individual elements) - Fig. 4 a strand with an outer sheath

5 shows a band with strands according to FIG. 4

- Fig. 6 - 12 variants of twisted strands

- Fig. 13 shows a variant of Fig. 4 with external helical

Grooves. FIGS. 14, 15 show a variant of FIG. 4 with optical conductors, and FIGS

- Fig. 16, 17 with electrical conductors.

Fig. 1 shows various cross-sectional shapes of a single element 10 with elliptical, square and elongated cross-section. The wires and the band in the present case are made of stainless steel.

A circular or band-shaped individual element 10 according to FIG. 2 has an all-round coating 12 made of a thermoplastic. When circular single element 10, the thickness of the layer is at a wire diameter of 1 mm at about 0.2 mm. The band-shaped individual element 10 of a thickness of 0.2 mm is provided with a coating of about 1 mm on both sides.

In Fig. 3, in a variant, two circular in cross-section parallel extending individual elements 10 are provided with a coating 12 and have a cross-connection 14 of the coating material. According to a second variant, band-shaped individual elements 10 are flat Tension member 16 united, which can be rolled up and down and has a high tensile strength. Analogously, the embodiments according to FIG. 3 are referred to as strands, even if they are not twisted.

A strand 18 according to FIG. 4 has eight circumferentially arranged wire-shaped individual elements 10 in the form of wires with a larger radius, which are held in recesses of the inner side 22 of an outer shell 20 at a tangential distance and are adhesively secured. In the core area thinner, wire-shaped individual elements 10 are neither coated nor kept at a distance. Essential is the distance between the eight outer wire-shaped individual elements 10 from each other.

The strand 18 according to FIG. 4, like those of the other figures, can be used separately as a tension member 16, but can also be stranded with other strands 18 or otherwise combined to form a multi-shaped tension member 16. 5, this is illustrated by means of a straight band-shaped tension member 16, eight strands 18 according to FIG. 4 or one of the following FIGS. 5 to 17 are embedded in a thermoplastic material 26. According to embodiments not shown, the band-shaped tension member according to FIG. 4 may also be arched or serpentine with respect to the cross section.

The strand 18 shown in FIG. 6, which can be used as a tension member 16, differs from that of FIG. 5 in that the inner individual elements 10 of a smaller wire diameter are completely coated with a thermoplastic material 12. As a result, the strands 18 used individually or in combination gain further flexibility.

In a variant of FIG. 4 according to FIG. 7, the single element 10 arranged in the core is replaced by a single or twisted fibers 28 made of a tensile inorganic or organic material, in particular aramide fibers. Of course, the individual elements 10 of the inner layer of thinner steel wires or twisted fibers also according to FIG. 6 be coated with a thermoplastic material, in particular with PTFE, TPU or PE. This also applies to all subsequent FIGS. 10 to 17.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 8 and 9, a coating of the individual elements 10 is likewise possible, but hardly necessary. Between the individual elements 10 filling material in the form of fibers 28 as shown in FIG. 7 or pourable organic and / or inorganic powder or granules 30 is arranged as a spacer. Of course, fibers 28 and powders or granules 30 can also be used in combination of FIGS. 8 and 9. In particular, thermoplastic polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, graphite or molybdenum sulfide are suitable as powders or granules. A coating of the individual elements 10 can also take place according to FIGS. 8 and 9, but does not bring much.

Further, in Fig. 9, the inside 22 of the outer shell 20 is provided with a primer 24, a primer coating. The outer layer of the individual elements 10 is embedded exclusively in this primer 24 and adhesively connected thereto.

The strand 18, which can be used as a pulling element 16 according to FIG. 10, comprises three layers of individual elements 10, which have a wire diameter decreasing from the outside to the inside. As mentioned, the wires of the individual elements 10 can always also be twisted fibers. The outermost layer of individual elements 10 is completely embedded in the outer jacket 20 and an inner layer 32. The central layer of individual elements 10 is still partially embedded in the inner layer 32 and adhesively secured thereto so as to be tangentially spaced, in accordance with the object of the present invention. The innermost layer of individual elements and the central single element 10 may, but need not be, coated. With this arrangement, an increased adhesion between the outer layer of individual elements 10 and in particular the outer layer 20 can be achieved. This also applies to contaminated surfaces of individual elements 10. In FIG. 11, instead of an inner layer 32 according to FIG. 10, a core layer 34, which also consists of thermoplastic material, is arranged at a distance from the outer layer 20. According to FIG. 4, the outer layer of individual elements 10 is held exclusively in the outer casing 20 and fastened adhesively at a tangential distance. The middle and inner layers of individual elements 10 are also arranged in the core layer 34 at a peripheral distance. This results in increased flexibility. Furthermore, the material fatigue can be delayed.

In Fig. 12, the outermost layer of individual elements 10 is also held only in the inner layer 32 at a peripheral distance and fixed by adhesion. The outer and inner layers 20, 32 do not bind to each other, and therefore an adhesion layer 36 is interposed therebetween. Although the essential distance of a portion of the individual elements 10 for the outermost layer is by far the most significant, it is advantageous to also keep the inner layers of individual elements at a distance, e.g. in a coating of the individual elements 10 and / or the arrangement of filling material. Not shown in FIG. 12, it may therefore be advantageous for corresponding requirements to the tension member 16 to keep at least the zweitäusserste layer of individual elements 10 at a distance.

In all embodiments of the strand 18 used as a tension member 16, the outer shell 20 may have on its outer side spirally extending grooves 40, which remove impurities such as dust, fat residues, etc. from the traction sheave. At least a portion of the grooves may be covered with a protruding, easily deformable band 42 which enhances the action of the grooves.

According to all explicitly or implicitly illustrated embodiments, individual or a plurality of individual elements 10 can conduct electrical signals with anchoring end pieces arranged on both sides and with one Microprocessor, sensors and other peripheral devices connected. FIGS. 14 and 15 show that this can also be done via optical conductors 44. In Fig. 14, the central single element 10 of the previous figures is replaced by a steel or rigid polymer tube with three glass fibers. In the embodiment according to FIG. 15, five of the ten individual cores 10 are replaced by an optical conductor 44 each having a bundle core containing a glass fiber. The light pulses are converted into electrical signals via an optocoupler.

In a further embodiment according to FIG. 16, at least one individual element 10 of a tensile material, in particular steel, is replaced by one or more substantially better electrical conductors 46, in particular of copper or aluminum or an alloy of these metals, in particular with an electrically insulating layer a thermoplastic. In Fig. 17, corresponding to Fig. 15, a plurality of individual elements 10 are replaced by electrical conductors 46.

The optical or electrical conductors may be in any number at any location, e.g. 14 to 17 are used, but not usually in the outermost layer of individual elements 10. Further, individual elements 10, optical conductors 44 and electrical conductors 46 may be individually equipped with a coating. With or without coatings spacers in the form of fibers 28 and / or powders or granules 30 may be provided.

Claims

claims

1. Flexible, deflectable tension member (16) for static and dynamic loads, in particular for passenger lifts, goods lifts, cranes and vehicles, which tension member (16) at least one strand (18) of tensile individual elements (10), such as fibers, wires and / or Ribbons, comprises,

characterized in that

at least a portion of the individual elements (10) of the strand (18) by a coating (12) and / or filling material in the form of fibers (28) and / or pourable powder or granules (30) are kept at a distance.

2. pulling member (16) according to claim 1, characterized in that the coatings (12) of a thermoplastic material, preferably of thermoplastic, also crosslinked elastomers, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS ( Polystyrene), PA (polyamide) and / or TPU (polyurethane), or a lubricant, preferably a high molecular weight lubricant.

3. tension members (16) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coatings (12) 5 microns - 10 mm thick and are also multi-layered, and that the outer sheath (20) preferably has a surface roughness Ra = 1 - 5 microns Has.

4. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coatings (12) according to the functionality contain specific additives.

5. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in approximately round strands (18), the outermost layer of individual elements (10) at least partially in an outer jacket (20), primer (24) and / or inner jacket held and fastened by adhesion.

6. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner individual elements (10) are held in a core layer (34) and secured by adhesion.

7. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the individual elements (10) of a stranded wire (18) filling material made of fibers (28), preferably of an aramid, glass, carbon or plastic, and / or a powder or granules (30), preferably made of a thermoplastic material such as TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PE (polyethylene) or inorganic material such as graphite or molybdenum sulfide is arranged.

8. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that drilled fibers (28) are clamped to take over tensile force.

9. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that between the individual elements (10) of a stranded wire (18) a lubricant, in particular a grease, an oil or a surface-active additive, is arranged.

10. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tension elements (10) of the strands (18) made of a metal, in particular stainless, with zinc, chromium or Brass coated steel, consist.

11. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the individual strands (18) have a lay length of <12x0, preferably of <7x0.

12. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the detachment force of the coating (12) is greater than about 150 N / mm over the double lay length of the strand (18).

13. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one individual element (10) of a stranded wire (18) by an optical conductor (44) is replaced with optical glass fibers as optical waveguides.

14. tension member (16) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one individual element (10) of a stranded wire (18) by a highly electrically conductive wire or twisted fibers (46) is replaced, preferably made of copper or aluminum an electrically insulating sheath made of a thermoplastic material.

15. Use of a tension member (16) according to claim 13 or 14 for the transmission of data, in particular on the load, the remaining life, major disturbances, the maturity of maintenance work, the replacement of the tension member (16), the temperature and humidity.