WO2009016045A1

WO2009016045A1 - Magnet magnetic motor

Info

Publication number: WO2009016045A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/059411
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alain Robert
Original assignee: Alain Robert
Priority date: 2007-08-01
Filing date: 2008-07-17
Publication date: 2009-02-05
Also published as: FR2919771A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a permanent magnet magnetic motor comprising at least one stator disc (S1) and at least one rotor disc (R1), the rotor disc (R1) and the stator disc (S1) working on their opposing faces. This motor is notable in that: the stator disc (S1) comprises, on its working face, at least one magnetic dipole (Q) consisting of two magnetic studs (Q1, Q2) connected by a metal rod (Q3) to form a planar magnetic field, the rotor disc (R1) comprises, on its working face, at least one magnetic element positioned in such a way as periodically to be subjected to the action of the magnetic field generated by the dipole (Q) as the rotor disc (R1) rotates, and in that when it is in the area of action of said magnetic field, the centre of the magnetic element travels a path (D) that makes a predetermined angle (α) with the perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Description

PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a magnetic motor with permanent magnets.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the field of engines, the search for non-polluting and high-yielding energy sources has given rise to many innovations. Among these are magnetic motors, the operation of which is based on the provision of a work when a displacement of a magnetic pad under the influence of a magnetic field. However, the yields obtained are relatively low, so that such engines can hardly be used to replace conventional thermal or electric motors. There is therefore a need to improve the design of magnetic permanent-magnet motors so as to give them higher yields.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention provides a permanent magnet magnetic motor comprising at least one stator disk and at least one rotor disk, the rotor disk and the stator disk working on their facing faces. . This motor is remarkable in that: the stator disk comprises, on its working face, at least one magnetic dipole consisting of two magnetic pins connected by a metal bar to form a planar magnetic field, the rotor disk comprises, on its face of at least one magnetic element arranged to be periodically subjected to the action of the magnetic field generated by the dipole during the rotation of the rotor disk, and that, when in the action zone of said field magnetic, the center of the magnetic element travels a path having, with the perpendicular to the magnetic field, a predetermined angle.

Particularly advantageously, each of the magnetic studs of the stator disk dipole is a permanent magnet or is formed of a plurality contiguous permanent magnets or a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets.

The magnetic element of the rotor disk may be chosen from a pad formed of a cylindrical, prismatic permanent magnet with a quadrilateral or parallelepipedal base, and a dipole consisting of two magnetic pads on a metal bar, said pads each being a permanent magnet or being formed of a plurality of contiguous permanent magnets or a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets.

According to other possible features of the invention: the sine of the angle between the trajectory and the perpendicular to the magnetic field is between 0.15 and 0.45;

the dipole of the stator disk has the shape of a crown portion, a prism with a quadrilateral base or a parallelepiped;

the angle between the trajectory and the perpendicular to the magnetic field is controlled by a variation of the radius of the trajectory of the center of the magnetic element of the rotor disk;

- The stator disk comprises a cam, inside or outside the rotor disc, cooperating with a roller secured to a pad of the rotor and slidable in a translational guide element integral with the rotor disk, so that the center of the plot travels a trajectory parallel to the profile of the cam;

the motor comprises means for axial sliding of the stator disk with respect to the rotor disk;

the motor comprises means for returning the magnetic elements of the rotor towards the center of the rotor disk; - It further comprises means for interposing, between the rotor disk and the stator disk, a magnetic insulating material;

the relative dimensions of the dipole of the stator disk and of the magnetic element of the rotor disk are given by the following formulas:

(i) length of the stator dipole = length of the rotor pad + ΔX, where ΔX is the projection of the trajectory of the pad on the magnetic field, between the entry point and the point of exit of this trajectory on the stator dipole; (ii) the width of the stator dipole is greater than the width of the rotor pad;

the stator disk comprises a single dipole, the base of said dipole having the shape of a crown portion; the stator disk comprises 5 to 6 magnetic dipoles and the rotor disk comprises 8 to 11 magnetic pins;

- The stator disk further comprises at least one electromagnet arranged to act periodically on the magnetic element of the rotor; the engine comprises at least two stator disks, the rotor disk being disposed between the two stator disks and comprising magnetic elements on its two faces;

the motor comprises a plurality of rotor disks and stator disks arranged alternately.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended figures given for illustrative and non-limiting, in which: - Figure 1 shows the forces acting on a pad subjected to a magnetic field; FIGS. 2 and 3 (a) illustrate the forces exerted on a magnetic stud along two different paths; Fig. 3 (b) illustrates the force diagram on the trajectory of Fig. 3 (a); FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate two embodiments of the stator dipole; Figure 6 illustrates various possible forms of the dipole; Figure 7 illustrates different possible shapes of the rotor stud; FIG. 8 illustrates an advantageous variant of the pad of the rotor; Figure 9 illustrates a possible configuration of the engine; FIG. 10 is a detail of a rotor dipole and a stator pad of this motor; Figures 11 and 12 are side views of this engine; Figure 13 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the stator dipole; Figures 14 to 16 illustrate a variant 1a of the engine; Figure 17 illustrates a variant 1b of the engine; - Figures 18 to 20 correspond to a variant 2 of the engine, where the trajectory is variable radius; Figures 21 to 24 illustrate a variant 3 of the motor, where the rotor is provided with dipoles; 25 shows a variant 4 of the motor, where the stator is equipped with an electromagnet.

It should be noted that in the figures, to simplify the diagrams, the dimensions of the rotor elements and the stator elements do not necessarily respect the optimal geometrical parameters defined in the description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION General Principle of the Invention With reference to FIG. 1, a continuous uniform magnetic field, denoted B, is created.

If a magnetic pad M is subjected to this field, it will undergo a force

F ₈ in the direction of the field, of direction varying according to the polarity of the pad M.

If we move the pad M on a rectilinear path T, oblique with respect to the direction of the field B (the inclination with respect to a perpendicular to the field B being defined by an angle α), the component F ₁ , of the force F ₈ on the trajectory T creates a work proportional to sinα F ₈ .

By subjecting the pad M to a succession of fields whose area of action is limited to a rectangle, and arranged along a closed curve, in a plane, it imposes for this pad a rotational path.

Such a field B can be created having an action zone limited in length and width by means of a magnetic dipole Q consisting of two magnets.

The action of the dipole Q on the pad M can therefore be likened to the action of two North and South pads on a third mobile pad M. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the dipole Q is modeled by a quasi-point dipole whose North Pole is denoted A and the South Pole is denoted B. We are interested in the North face of the movable pad M. We note F _(AM) the force exerted by A on M, F _(BM) the force exerted by B on M, and R _M the resultant of

F _(AM) ⁺ F _(BM) - We finally note Δ the axis of symmetry of the dipole Q (here mediator of the segment [AB], and α the angle between the trajectory T of the movable pad M with Δ. mediator is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The forces F _{AM) and F _{BM) depend on the magnetic field generated by A and B and the field created by M; their intensity is inversely proportional to the distance AM, respectively BM.

FIG. 2 illustrates the case where the trajectory T of the mobile pad M coincides with the mediator Δ of the dipole Q, which corresponds to a zero angle α.

In this case, the resultant R _M of the forces exerted by A and B is always perpendicular to Δ. The work of the mobile block M on its trajectory T is therefore zero since the component of R _M on the trajectory is zero.

FIG. 3 (a) illustrates a configuration where the trajectory T of the mobile pad M is rectilinear and inclined at an angle α with respect to Δ.

In this case, the resultant R _M of the forces exerted by A and B is no longer perpendicular to the trajectory T. Therefore, R _M has a component F ₁ , on the trajectory T, which varies in direction and intensity according to the position of the movable pad M. The graph 3 (b) represents the variation of F ₁ , on the trajectory T defined by an axis (x \ x): the areas between the axis (x \ x) and the curve correspond to the plot of the plot M. Areas with simple hatching correspond to a positive work, noted W ⁺ ; areas with double hatching correspond to negative work, denoted W ^" .

W ⁺ One can thus define a yield K = -.

W ^~ The inventor has identified the mobile terminals M, Q dipoles and their respective positions on the rotor and the stator so as to obtain a motor whose performance is optimal.

Description of the Motor According to the Invention According to the simplest embodiment, the motor according to the invention comprises: at least one stator S1 in the form of a fixed disk supporting at least one Q dipole creating the field magnetized rotor R1, in the form of a disk supporting one or more magnetic elements whose number is adjusted according to the number of stator dipoles disposed opposite the stator so that the magnetic element (s) are periodically subjected to the magnetic field generated by the stator dipole (s), and able to adopt a rotation movement. To balance the important axial forces, it is preferable to arrange the rotor disk R1 between two stator disks S1 and S2 and to arrange the magnetic elements on both sides of the rotor. Thus, the rotor R1 works on both sides. During the stabilized phase of operation, the distance between the faces of the stator disk and the rotor disk is constant.

Dipole of the stator

The stator element creating the oriented magnetic field and limited in space is in the form of a magnetic dipole Q consists of two magnetic studs Q1 and Q2 connected by a metal bar Q3 (for example iron), as shown in Figure 4. This definition of the dipole is valid throughout the rest of the text. The dipole Q thus comprises a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).

Indeed, this arrangement of the magnetic studs on the bar is that which allows to control the magnetic field generated by the dipole. Indeed: - the "lower" field (under the studs Q1 and Q2) is prisoner of the metallic bar Q3 and does not diffuse in space; the return fields at the ends of the dipole are very weak; the "upper" main field is strongly increased by the metal bar Q3; the magnetic field obtained is plane.

The two magnetic studs Q1 and Q2 are composed of permanent magnets and may in particular be two permanent monoblock magnets.

According to a variant shown in FIG. 5, the Q1 and Q2 permanent magnets of the Q dipole are not contiguous but separated by a free space, and are connected by a metal bar Q3.

With reference to FIG. 13, it is advantageous to minimize the return fields, which generate an input and output repulsion - and therefore a negative work -, by replacing the magnets Q1 and Q2 by a plurality of permanent magnets joined together or cylindrical, whose thickness / diameter ratio (or width) is advantageously between 1 and 2.5. In particular, the use of small cylindrical magnets allows a return of the fields on each magnet, and not a global return to the sides of the dipole.

With reference to FIG. 6, the dimension of the dipole Q is characterized by its length (denoted L) and its width (denoted I). The ratio L / 1 may vary as the mounting of the rotor relative to the stator respects the trajectory parameters described below. Moreover, as will be seen later, the shape of the dipole Q is not limited to a parallelepiped but may advantageously be a portion of a crown or prism quadrilateral basis.

In a large number of cases, the axis of symmetry of the dipole is perpendicular to the generated magnetic field.

Magnetic element of the rotor According to a first embodiment of the invention, the magnetic element of the rotor is a stud M formed of a permanent magnet. In the rest of the text, it is considered that the active face of the pad M is its North face.

FIG. 7 illustrates various possible forms for the pad M. According to a first variant embodiment, the pad M of the rotor is in the form of a disk (a) or, if its thickness is large, a cylinder. However, other alternative embodiments are conceivable, such as rectangular (b) or elliptical (c), trapezoidal or any other quadrilateral. The stud may also be in the form of a crown portion (d). This latter configuration will be designated by the adjective "curvilinear" in the remainder of the description.

The dimension of the pad M is characterized by its diameter Φ _M if it is of circular shape, or, if it has another shape, by the length L _M and the width I _M of the rectangle in which it is inscribed.

An important parameter to be respected is the length of the pad M of the rotor with respect to the length of the dipole Q of the stator. These lengths are linked by the following relation: length of the stator dipole = length (or diameter) of the rotor pad + ΔX, where ΔX is the distance, in the direction of the length of the stator dipole Q, between the point of entry and the exit point of the trajectory of the pad M on the dipole stator Q (this distance is marked in Figure 10 which will be described below). The distance ΔX relative to the width of the dipole Q, also corresponds to the sine of the angle α between the trajectory and the perpendicular to the magnetic field. By way of example, good results are obtained with stator dipoles of

80 mm long and rotor studs 60 mm in diameter.

It is possible to increase the strength of the magnet by acting on the magnetic field. For this purpose, with reference to FIG. 8, the addition of an iron soleplate M1 under the magnet deflects the magnetic field and densifies the field lines on the opposite pole by limiting the diffusion of the field in space. Optionally, it is possible to add, under the soleplate M1 iron, an aluminum soleplate M2 which is partially impervious to the magnetic field.

As explained above with reference to the dipole Q, it is also possible to replace the single permanent magnet of the pad M by a plurality of small permanent magnets.

Engine construction: arrangement of the rotor pad with respect to the stator dipole

Figure 9 schematically illustrates the engine according to one embodiment of the invention. It shows the trajectory of a pad M of the rotor, the stator comprising 6 rectangular Q dipoles.

FIG. 10 illustrates a portion of this motor, on which there is shown a circular rotor pad M and a rectangular stator dipole Q. The possibilities in terms of number of rotor studs and number of stator dipoles will be detailed later.

In this figure appear the following references:

I: center of plot M

Δ: axis of symmetry of the dipole Q (perpendicular to the magnetic field), here confused with the mediator of the dipole Q Δ _N : mediator of the pole N of the dipole Q

Δ _s : mediator of the S pole of the dipole Q

Δ _E : straight line delimiting the start of the Q dipole action zone on the M pad

Δ _P : straight line delimiting the end of the dipole action zone on the M pad E: entry point of the plot in the action area

P: exit point of the plot of the action zone

D: straight trajectory of point I between points E and S

-Δx, + Δx: deviation between path D and line Δ at point E (respectively at point P)

ΔX: projection of the trajectory of the pad M on the magnetic field, corresponding to the distance between the entry point and the exit point of the trajectory of the pad M on the dipole Q

R: radius of rotation O: center of rotation

C: circle of center O, corresponding to a possible circular trajectory of I

These notations and definitions remain valid for the rest of the description. In the zone of action of the dipole Q, delimited by the straight lines Δ _N and Δ _s on the one hand, and the straight lines Δ _E and Δ _P on the other hand, we can impose on the center I of the pad M three types of trajectories possible: a trajectory with a constant radius R: this trajectory corresponds to a family of circles C of radius R and center O. This type of trajectory has the advantage of being simple to implement mechanically

(simple rotation). However, it provides a very low K efficiency, and therefore produces very little work. a trajectory with variable radius R and constant angle α: this trajectory corresponds to a family of straight lines D. This type of trajectory has a high efficiency and therefore produces a large amount of work, but is relatively complex to implement from a point of view mechanical because it combines rotation and reciprocation. In addition, there are high mechanical stresses which limit the speed of rotation. a trajectory with variable radius R and angle α: this type of trajectory, intermediate between the two previously described types, implies a smaller variation in radius than in the previous case (of the order of 5% versus 10%). It has a high efficiency and provides a much more regular rotation speed. The geometrical parameters important in the dimensioning of the motor are: the sinuses of the angles α, CI _E and dp, the distance ΔX and the diameter Φ _M or the length L _M.

The combination of these different parameters determines the performance of the engine.

In the first place, the control of the angle α requires the variation of the radius R. For this purpose, as we have seen previously, the angles must be non-zero. The choice of a constant angle α = CI _E = αp gives very satisfactory results.

The sine of the angle α is preferably between 0.15 and 0.45 or, more preferably, between 0.15 and 0.30.

The band defined by the straight lines -Δx and + Δx must be included in the band delimited by the straight lines Δ _N and Δ _s . These two bands are not necessarily centered.

Technical definition of the engine with a variable radius trajectory

FIGS. 11 and 12 schematically represent respectively a front view and a side view of a motor whose stator disk S1 comprises six parallelepipedal Q dipoles and whose rotor disc R1 comprises 15 M. The stator S1 is presented in FIG. the shape of a fixed disc comprising in its central part a cam 1 whose profile corresponds to that of the desired trajectory for the center of the studs M. The stator disc is slidably movable in an axial direction on the cam which is fixed, this makes it possible to move it away from or towards the rotor to vary the speed of rotation of the motor.

The cam 1 cooperates with a roller 2 secured to a sliding rail 4. The rail 4 is movable in translation in a direction parallel to the disk forming the rotor R1. The rail 4 is slidably mounted in a linear guide means 3. Thus, the rail 4 is driven by a linear reciprocating movement. The stud M, secured to the rail 4, thus travels the path defined by the profile of the cam.

In the figures shown, the cam 1 is internal to the rotor disc (R1), but it can also, particularly advantageously, be external to the rotor disc. To ensure that the roller does not take off from the cam during its stroke despite the magnetic and / or centrifugal forces that press against the cam, it is possible to use a mechanical device, such as a double-acting inner or outer cam or a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or magnetic spring.

Determination of the number of rotor studs

The number of rotor pads M for a stator comprising a plurality of rectangular or curvilinear Q dipoles is determined. If the pad M is circular, the distance d between two consecutive pads M must be between 0.5 ΦM βt 2 Φ _M. More precisely, a distance d of the order of Φ _M gives very good results.

We deduce the maximum number of pads M that can be implanted on the rotor: N _R = ^^ -

^R where Ro is the radius of rotation of the center of the movable stud.

In doing so, it is necessary to balance the number of rotor studs and the number of stator dipoles. Indeed, the mobile pads M must not be simultaneously in the negative working area, that is to say at the entry and / or exit of the action zone of the dipole stator Q. The pads M must be distributed over the entire work area throughout the cycle. Thus, it will be preferable to select numbers of dipoles and pads that are prime between them.

This configuration of the movable studs of the rotor can be maintained when the stator comprises only one curvilinear dipole.

It is however possible to minimize the number of pads M on the rotor. For this purpose, to ensure the regularity of the cycle, at least three equidistant studs M on the periphery of the rotor will be available. In this case, the studs are no longer circular but curvilinear with a length L (circumferentially) much greater than the width I. The studs M are then in the form of crown portions, the curvature of which must comply with the condition that the angle α is substantially constant. Determination of the number of stator dipoles

It is recalled that the component F ₁ , on the trajectory of the pad M, of the force F ₈ exerted by the magnetic field B generated by the dipole Q is:

F ₁ , = F _B • sin α and that the work W provided by the displacement of the pad M over a length L is: W = F ₁ - L.

Now, sinα can be likened to - assuming, for an angle α

small, that sinα = tanα, ΔX being the deviation on the positive working path on the dipole Q.

Δx It follows that the work W = Fb L is in fact independent of the

length L and depends only on the difference Δx, with force F _B given.

Therefore, to obtain a maximum work, the sum of the deviations ΔX on the circumference must be maximum, which is translated either: by a single stator dipole Q corresponding to ΔX maximum; - Or N _s stator dipoles Q where (Ns ΔX) is maximum, insofar as the preponderant geometrical parameters described above are respected.

This definition is applicable whether the trajectory is constant or variable radius.

Materials choice

Three categories of materials are used for the manufacture of the motor: magnetic materials and electrical conductors, such as iron; electrically conductive but non-magnetic materials, such as aluminum and some stainless steel; non-magnetic and non-conductive materials, such as polymers (polyamide, epoxy, polyester, etc.), reinforced or not with glass fibers.

The central parts of the motor, located outside the magnetic field, such as shafts, bearings, the cam, will be chosen preferably steel. The discs forming the rotor and the stator will be aluminum or polymer.

Motor parts exposed to the magnetic field and where it is necessary to avoid the formation of eddy currents will advantageously be made of polymer.

The linear guide elements will be made of aluminum or special stainless steel.

Finally, to obtain powerful magnets, we will choose neodymium alloy.

Engine control

The motor is controlled in on / off positions and variation of the speed of rotation.

Two control means can be envisaged for this purpose:

According to a first embodiment, a sheet of aluminum or another magnetic insulator is inserted between the rotor and the stator.

According to a second embodiment, the rotor and the stator are moved away from each other, either in an axial direction (that is to say that the two discs are distant from each other while remaining parallel and concentric), or in a radial direction (so that the pads M of the rotor are brought to the center of rotation outside the ring comprising the dipoles of the stator), by electrical, pneumatic or mechanical means.

According to an alternative embodiment which will be described in detail below (variant 4), the assistance of an electromagnet makes it possible to vary the characteristics of the motor (speed, torque, power).

According to a more complex embodiment, the engine according to the invention comprises an alternation of several rotors between stators. The power of such a motor depends on the number of rotor disks / stators and therefore, for a given size, the thickness of each disk.

Now we can reduce the thickness of a magnet by maintaining its force per unit area, by the component of a plurality of single magnets rectangular (a) or cylindrical (b), smaller, whose thickness / diameter ratio is between 1 and 2.5, as shown in Figure 13.

With constant space, it is therefore possible to increase the number of disks by miniaturizing the permanent magnets of the dipoles Q and / or the pads M. Finally, the use of dipoles on both the rotor and the stator makes it possible to confine the clean fields. to each disc.

It is also specified that it is possible to invert the rotor and the stator by reversing the mounting of the disks. Thus, the disk supporting the dipole (s) Q, which has previously been described as corresponding to the stator, can be mounted in a rotor, the other disk being mounted in a stator.

Examples of Implementation of the Invention

Variant 1 a - Trajectory with constant radius with curvilinear dipole To obtain a circular trajectory while respecting the geometrical parameters allowing to profit from an optimal yield (in particular a substantially constant angle α), one chooses dipoles Q "curvilinear" rather than rectangular . Curvilinear dipole means a dipole in the form of a crown portion. A curvilinear dipole has diverging field lines.

By choosing an angle α (and therefore a value of sin α) low, a single dipole Q will be sufficient for the entire trajectory.

If the angle α (and therefore a value of sin α) is higher, a plurality of dipoles Q will be necessary. With reference to FIG. 14, the geometry of said curvilinear dipole is defined as follows.

We first draw the circular path D, of center O and radius R. We then draw the axis of symmetry Δ of the dipole Q so that it has at all points an angle α constant with respect to the trajectory D. For such a dipole, the axis of symmetry of the dipole is indeed confused with the perpendicular to the magnetic field.

For a Q dipole whose length and width have similar values, the radius of curvature of the mediator curve corresponds substantially to the radius R of the trajectory, the center O 'of this circle being distinct from the center O of the trajectory.

Figure 15 illustrates an example where the stator comprises 6 curvilinear Q dipoles. FIG. 16 represents a side view of the corresponding motor, the stator

S1 comprising 6 dipoles Q and the rotor R1 comprising 15 pads M. The stator S1 is movable in translation in the axial direction: it is the distance or the approximation vis-à-vis the rotor that allows to vary the speed of rotation of the rotor.

Variant 1 b - Trajectory with constant radius and stator comprising a single dipole

According to a variant of the preceding solution, represented in FIG. 17, the stator comprises a single dipole whose shape is that of a ring on a large angular sector.

Variant 2 - Trajectory with variable radius

Better results can be obtained than with the preceding definitions by varying the radius R of the trajectory so as to control the angles CI _E and dp, whether the dipole Q is rectangular or curvilinear.

Particularly advantageously, the use of curvilinear Q dipoles allows very small variations of radius, a limited number of dipoles Q - thus a reduced number of variations of radius per revolution - and a higher efficiency than that obtained with a circular trajectory. This technical definition (shown in FIG. 18) can be applied to a stator comprising 4 Q dipoles (as in FIG. 19) or a single Q dipole (as in FIG. 20).

Variant 3 - Rotor comprising a dipole Q According to another embodiment of the invention, the pads M are replaced on the rotor by Q _ro tor dipoles of the same type as those defined for the stator. Indeed, as explained above, the dipoles allow better control of the magnetic field. The action produced by the two dipoles of the rotor and the stator is similar to that described in the preceding examples.

The inventor has, however, determined that the dipoles must comply with certain conditions: the spacing between the north and south poles must be identical for the rotor and stator dipoles; the similar poles of the rotor dipole and the stator dipole are located vis-à-vis so as to create a repulsive effect; the rotor dipole has the same length as the stator and a width less than the width of the stator dipole.

This definition is represented in FIG. 21, on which Qrotor denotes the dipole of the rotor and Q _sta tor the dipole of the stator.

This embodiment variant is applicable that the stator dipole is parallelepiped, prismatic quadrilateral base or curvilinear, and that the trajectory is constant or variable radius.

It has the advantage that the surfaces of the interacting dipoles are much larger than in the case where the pad of the rotor is a disk. Since the forces are directly proportional to the interacting surfaces, the forces obtained are much larger. In addition, it is possible to act on the angles in the two dimensions between the rotor / stator planes and obtain usable secondary forces.

On the other hand, unlike the disk-shaped stud which is symmetrical, the Q _ro tor requires a controlled orientation with respect to the trajectory in order to provide optimum performance. It is therefore preferable to use this variant with curvilinear Qstator dipoles rather than parallelepipedic ones, as shown in FIG. 22. This indeed allows the edge of the rotor dipole to be parallel to the edge of the stator dipole, at the input and at the output of the trajectory of the rotor dipole on the stator dipole.

23 illustrates the particular case of a motor with a stator comprising four dipoles Qstator curvilinear and a rotor with a dipole Q _ro tor parallelepiped, performing a constant radius R trajectory.

FIG. 24 illustrates another example, in which the stator comprises a single Qstator dipole in the form of a crown portion, and wherein the rotor comprises 6 curvilinear Qrotor dipoles performing a trajectory with a constant radius R. Variant 4 - Stator including an electromagnet

The integration of an electromagnet with the stator makes it possible on the one hand to increase the power of the motor, and on the other hand to better control the torque, the power and the speed of rotation of this one.

For this purpose, electromagnets EA are available between the dipoles Q of the stator, on the path of the pads M of the rotor vis-à-vis them. In the example illustrated in FIG. 25, the stator comprises a single dipole Q and a single electromagnet EA. The rotor comprises a single stud M having a circular trajectory (i.e. the radius R is constant, the angle α may be variable or constant). At the passage of the pad M, the electromagnet EA is triggered so that a North-North repulsion is exerted on the pad M to force it to enter and / or leave the zone of action of the dipole Q of the stator. This makes it possible to reduce as much as possible the negative input and output work of the rotor pad M. Therefore, the efficiency K is favorably affected.

This option is applicable to all the variants described above, but it is particularly interesting to improve the performance of the solutions that have the lowest efficiency - in particular, of the type where the stator comprises a single dipole and where the trajectory of the pad M is at constant radius.

According to another possibility, if the Q dipole mediator is strongly curved with respect to the trajectory, the rotor pad may be given a trajectory similar to a family of curves parallel to a curve (of concave, convex or zero curvature) having two, one or no point of intersection with the median curve of the stator dipole, whatever the variant used: variable radius, constant radius, multi or single-pole stator, electro-magnet assistance, etc.

Experimental results

To support the improvement in efficiency provided by the engine according to the invention, we will give some experimental results. For this purpose, the inventor has made an assembly for measuring the force generated by the displacement of a magnetic pad M of the rotor in the field created by a dipole Q of the stator.

He drew curves representing the force on the trajectory of the stud. The measurement of the area between the curve and the abscissa gives the work done: when the curve is below the x-axis, the work W ^" is negative, when the curve is above the axis abscissa, the W ⁺ job is positive.

It is then possible to calculate the yield K which is equal to the ratio W ⁺ / W ^" .The assembly on which the results below have been obtained corresponds to a motor with a stator disk comprising 5 Q dipoles and a rotor comprising 8 rotor pads. 60 mm in diameter, whose radius of rotation is of the order of 160 mm.

For a constant radius trajectory, a yield K of the order of 1.15 to 1.20 is obtained.

For a variable-radius trajectory, and for a dipole comprising a plurality of cylindrical magnets, a yield K of between 2.1 and 2.4, which can reach a maximum of 3.5, is obtained.

It is shown that the efficiency is improved by using, for the Q dipole of the stator, a plurality of cylindrical magnets instead of one-piece magnets. By way of comparison, with a mean equal force, a yield K of the order of 2.4 is obtained in the first case, and of 1.5 in the second case.

The average measured force exerted on a pad M of the rotor traversing the stator is 1500 g, ie 12 kg over the entire rotor with 8 pads (for a face of a rotor disc), corresponding in theory, for a rotation to 1000 rpm, at 2 kWh.

Claims

1. Magnet motor with permanent magnets comprising at least one stator disk (S1) and at least one rotor disk (R1), the rotor disk (R1) and the stator disk (S1) working on their facing faces, characterized in that: the stator disk (S1) comprises, on its working face, at least one magnetic dipole (Q) consisting of two magnetic studs (Q1, Q2) connected by a metal rod (Q3) to form a magnetic field plane, the rotor disk (R1) comprises, on its working face, at least one magnetic element arranged to be periodically subjected to the action of the magnetic field generated by the dipole (Q) during the rotation of the rotor disk ( R1), and in that, when in the action zone of said magnetic field, the center of the magnetic element travels a path (D) having, with the perpendicular to the magnetic field, a predetermined angle (α) .

2. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the magnetic studs (Q1, Q2) of the dipole (Q) of the stator disk is a permanent magnet or is formed of a plurality of contiguous permanent magnets or of a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets.

3. Motor according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic element of the rotor disk is selected from a pad (M) formed of a cylindrical permanent magnet, prismatic quadrilateral base or parallelepiped, and a dipole (Q _ro tor) consisting of two magnetic pads on a metal bar, said pads each being a permanent magnet or being formed of a plurality of contiguous permanent magnets or a plurality of cylindrical permanent magnets.

4. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sine of the angle (α) between the path (D) and the perpendicular to the magnetic field is between 0.15 and 0.45.

5. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dipole (Q) of the stator disk has the shape of a crown portion, a quadrilateral or a parallelepiped.

6. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one controls the angle (α) between the path (D) and the perpendicular to the magnetic field by a variation of the radius of the trajectory of the center of the magnetic element of the rotor disk.

7. Motor according to claim 6, characterized in that the stator disk (S1) comprises a cam (1), inside or outside the rotor disc (R1), cooperating with a roller (2) integral with a magnetic pad (M ) of the rotor disk and slidable in a member (3) for translational guide secured to the rotor disk (R1), so that the center (I) of the stud (M) travels a path (D) parallel to the profile of the cam (1).

8. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises axial sliding means of the stator disk (S1) relative to the rotor disk (R1).

9. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises means for returning the magnetic elements of the rotor towards the center of the rotor disk.

10. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it further comprises means for interposing, between the rotor disk and the stator disk, a magnetic insulating material.

11. Motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relative dimensions of the dipole (Q) of the stator disk and the magnetic element of the rotor disk are given by the following formulas: (i) length of the stator dipole ( Q) = length of the rotor pad (M) + ΔX, where ΔX is the projection of the trajectory of the pad (M) on the magnetic field between the entry point and the exit point of this trajectory on the stator dipole

(Q);

(ii) the width of the stator dipole (Q) is greater than the width of the rotor pad (M).

12. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the stator disc (S1) comprises a single dipole (Q), said dipole having the shape of a crown portion.

13. Motor according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the stator disk (S1) comprises 5 to 6 magnetic dipoles (Q) and in that the rotor disk comprises 8 to 11 magnetic studs (M).

14. Motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator disk (S1) comprises at least one electromagnet (EA) arranged to act periodically on the magnetic element of the rotor.

15. Motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two stator disks, the rotor disc (R1) being disposed between the two stator disks and comprising magnetic elements (M) on both sides.

16. Motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of rotor disks and stator disks arranged alternately.