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WO2008113869A1 - Magnetic field-based propulsion and levitation system and method intended for transport vehicles - Google Patents

Magnetic field-based propulsion and levitation system and method intended for transport vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008113869A1
WO2008113869A1 PCT/ES2007/000209 ES2007000209W WO2008113869A1 WO 2008113869 A1 WO2008113869 A1 WO 2008113869A1 ES 2007000209 W ES2007000209 W ES 2007000209W WO 2008113869 A1 WO2008113869 A1 WO 2008113869A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic fields
plates
ferromagnetic elements
calibrated distance
fields
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2007/000209
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manuel Muñoz Saiz
Original Assignee
Munoz Saiz Manuel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Munoz Saiz Manuel filed Critical Munoz Saiz Manuel
Publication of WO2008113869A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008113869A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles

Definitions

  • the propellant and levitator system and method for magnetic fields for transport vehicles of the invention consists of wagons that run magnetically suspended from ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams, said wagons carry parallel and separated by a calibrated distance of the lower face of the ferromagnetic elements or plates, multiple rotating or moving magnetic fields, said magnetic fields rotate or move in a plane perpendicular to that of the ferromagnetic elements and parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle. Add means to maintain the calibrated distance.
  • the ferromagnetic elements or plates can be formed by one, or two plates at an angle, can be made of carbon steel or similar ferromagnetic material and are supported by posts or columns on the ground.
  • Magnetic fields can work by attraction or repulsion.
  • Magnetic fields can be produced by permanent magnets or electromagnetic fields.
  • the electromagnetic fields can rotate mechanically or the phase of the applied electric currents or the resulting one of the electric fields can be sequentially varied keeping the electromagnets or their coils fixed.
  • a third variant uses magnetic fields arranged in a straight line and transferable in one direction using currents applied sequentially.
  • the permanent magnet attraction system is the one with the lowest energy expenditure.
  • the propulsion is achieved by rotating the aforementioned magnetic fields, using electric or mechanical diesel-type engines, turbines, etc., at the same time that the magnetic fields are rotated by electric motors, the lift of the wagons and their displacement or propulsion with respect to the frictionless ferromagnetic element or plate.
  • This propulsion system is the only one in which there is no friction due to being levitated and current losses Eddy are minimal.
  • This propulsion system avoids losses that occur in all vehicles that move or rely on a fluid, approximately 50% of the energy applied in airplanes, ships, etc. is lost. and in general in all those propelled directly by turbines or propellers by the effect of mechanical impulse equal to amount of movement.
  • the means to keep the wagon at a calibrated distance from the ferromagnetic element or plate can be very varied: damping wheels, wheels and a hydraulic actuator, air jets, piezoelectric linear actuators with or without mechanical lever amplifier, piezoelectric motors, etc.
  • the latter need the signals of infrared, magnetic or induction optical sensors of linear type.
  • Piezoelectric actuators are characterized by their high response speed, high power, small size and low weight.
  • the wheels do not need energy expenditure for their operation but they do produce some resistance and limit the speed of use.
  • a variant can use a rubber layer on the surface of the magnetic wheels that avoids excessive approximation between magnets or electromagnets and the ferromagnetic element or plate. This would be reserved for low speed vehicles.
  • Permanent magnets can consist of at least one pair of poles, the poles can be alternated radially, longitudinally, etc. with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • the sensors are placed adjacent to the actuator and also attached to the cars.
  • the sensor signal is compared with a reference signal, converting, passing to the opto-coupler, then to an amplifier and then to the actuator that corrects the separation distance between the car or magnet and the ferromagnetic element.
  • Guidance can be achieved with wheels or air jets applied laterally on the rail or by using two ferromagnetic elements or tracks at an angle.
  • Ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams can be supplied by multiple electrically independent plates and with the same magnetic behavior. Advantages: It is practical, very simple, economical, needs little maintenance, has low fatigue, saves a lot of energy and therefore reduces pollution, because of its high speed it can compete with the plane on journeys on the ground. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a beam portion e permanent rotating magnets of the system of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a portion of beam and electromagnets or rotating magnetic fields, variant of the system of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of a portion of beam and electromagnets or magnetic fields in line, variant of the system of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective and schematic view of a vehicle of the invention.
  • Figures 5A, 6A, 7A and 8A show schematic side elevational views of permanent magnets of the invention.
  • Figures 5 A, 6 A, 7A and 8 A show front, schematic, elevational views of the permanent magnets of Figures 5 A, 6A, 7A and 8A.
  • Figures 9 and 10 show schematic and partially sectioned side views of rotating field electromagnets.
  • FIGS 11 through 15 show schematic and partially sectioned views of different car or vehicle systems.
  • the invention seen in figure 1, consists of an element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), permanent rotating magnets (2) and its axis (5) to which the rotation of a motor is applied producing the rotation of the magnets and as a consequence vehicle displacement
  • the wagon or vehicle (6), the ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams (1) attracted by the rotating permanent magnets (2) moved by the motor (8) are shown.
  • the piezoelectric proximity sensors (9), on the supports (9a) measure and send signals of the distance between the magnets and the ferromagnetic element or plate to the piezoelectric actuators (18) which in turn act as supports for the axes of the permanent magnets, the ferromagnetic elements rest on the pairs of columns (11), the travel limit wheels (13) rest on the plates (12).
  • Figure 2 consists of element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), electromagnetic magnets (3) to which a rotating movement is applied by means of a motor or a rotating magnetic field is produced.
  • Figure 3 consists of element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), linear electromagnetic fields (4) to which signals are sequentially applied, in the order (ABCD) producing the linear displacement of the vehicle.
  • Figure 4 consists of plate or track (1), vehicle (6) and posts or columns (11).
  • Figure 5A consists of a permanent magnet (2a) of two poles arranged longitudinally along its axis and its axis of rotation (5).
  • Figure 5B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2a) of Figure 5A.
  • Figure 6A consists of permanent magnet (2b) of four pairs of radially arranged poles and their axis of rotation (5).
  • Figure 6B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2b) of Figure 6A.
  • Figure 7A consists of permanent magnet (2c) of two transversely arranged poles and its axis of rotation (5).
  • Figure 7B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2c) of Figure 7A.
  • Figure 8 A consists of a permanent magnet (2d) of two transversely arranged poles, its axis of rotation (5) and the rubber cover (20).
  • Figure 8B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2d) of Figure 8A.
  • Figure 9 consists of the core (3) of the rotating electromagnet around the axis (5).
  • Figure 10 consists of cores (3) of the rotating electromagnets and their axis (5).
  • Figure 11 consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), piezoelectric proximity sensor (9), and its support (9a), piezoelectric actuators (18) which in turn act as supports for the permanent magnet shafts (2), the ferromagnetic elements rest on the ground with the two columns (11), the travel limit wheels (13) are supported on the plates (12).
  • Figure 12 consists of wagon (6), element, ferromagnetic plate (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8). Use pairs of support columns (11). The air jets (19) maintain a fixed distance between the iron and the magnet.
  • Figure 13 consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), column (11), the hydraulic actuator (14) controls and moves the proximity sensor wheels (15) maintaining a predetermined distance.
  • Figure 14 consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), pairs of support columns (11) and side limit wheels (13 ).
  • the hydraulic actuator (14) controls and moves the proximity sensor wheels (15) maintaining a predetermined distance.
  • Figure 15 consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), beam (11) and air injector (17), controls the separation between rail and magnet and guided or lateral travel limits.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic field-based propulsion and levitation system and method intended for transport vehicles, consisting of parallel cars which are magnetically suspended from ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams and which are separated by a calibrated distance from the lower surface of said ferromagnetic elements or plates. The invention makes use of multiple linear or rotary magnetic fields which rotate or move linearly in a plane perpendicular to that of the ferromagnetic elements parallel to the direction of movement of the vehicle. The invention also include means for maintaining the calibrated distance.

Description

SISTEMA Y MÉTODO PROPULSOR Y LEVITADOR POR CAMPOS MAGNÉTICOS PARA VEHÍCULOS DE TRANSPORTE SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PROPULSOR AND LEVITATOR BY MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR TRANSPORT VEHICLES
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN.- En vehículos de transporte terrestre.FIELD OF THE INVENTION.- In land transport vehicles.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA. Los sistemas de levitación experimentales actuales, como el maglev, utilizan vías excesivamente caras, su funcionamiento es muy complejo y necesitan gastar una energía enorme para su funcionamiento, lo cual los hace impracticables. Los aviones no tienen rozamiento por rodadura pero el gasto energético es muy elevado. La presente invención soluciona dichos problemas.STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE. Current experimental levitation systems, such as maglev, use excessively expensive tracks, their operation is very complex and they need to spend enormous energy for their operation, which makes them impractical. Airplanes do not have friction due to rolling but the energy expenditure is very high. The present invention solves said problems.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN.- El sistema y método propulsor y levitador por campos magnéticos para vehículos de transporte de la invención consiste en unos vagones que discurren suspendidos magnéticamente de unos elementos, planchas o vigas ferromagnéticas, dichos vagones portan paralelos y separados por una distancia calibrada de la cara inferior de los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas, múltiples campos magnéticos giratorios o trasladantes, dichos campos magnéticos giran o se trasladan en un plano perpendicular al de los elementos ferromagnéticos y paralelos a la dirección de desplazamiento del vehículo. Añade medios para mantener la distancia calibrada.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.- The propellant and levitator system and method for magnetic fields for transport vehicles of the invention consists of wagons that run magnetically suspended from ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams, said wagons carry parallel and separated by a calibrated distance of the lower face of the ferromagnetic elements or plates, multiple rotating or moving magnetic fields, said magnetic fields rotate or move in a plane perpendicular to that of the ferromagnetic elements and parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle. Add means to maintain the calibrated distance.
Los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas pueden estar formados por una, o dos planchas formando ángulo, pueden ser de acero al carbono o material ferromagnético similar y se soportan mediante unos postes o columnas sobre el suelo.The ferromagnetic elements or plates can be formed by one, or two plates at an angle, can be made of carbon steel or similar ferromagnetic material and are supported by posts or columns on the ground.
Los campos magnéticos pueden funcionar por atracción o repulsión.Magnetic fields can work by attraction or repulsion.
Los campos magnéticos pueden producirse mediante imanes permanentes o campos electromagnéticos. A su vez los campos electromagnéticos pueden girar mecánicamente o bien puede variarse secuencialmente la fase de las corrientes eléctricas aplicadas o la resultante de los campos eléctricos manteniendo los electroimanes o sus bobinas fijas. Una tercera variante utiliza unos campos magnéticos dispuestos en línea recta y trasladables en un sentido mediante corrientes aplicadas secuencialmente.Magnetic fields can be produced by permanent magnets or electromagnetic fields. In turn, the electromagnetic fields can rotate mechanically or the phase of the applied electric currents or the resulting one of the electric fields can be sequentially varied keeping the electromagnets or their coils fixed. A third variant uses magnetic fields arranged in a straight line and transferable in one direction using currents applied sequentially.
El sistema de atracción por imanes permanentes es el de menor gasto energético.The permanent magnet attraction system is the one with the lowest energy expenditure.
La propulsión se consigue girando los campos magnéticos mencionados, utilizando motores eléctricos o mecánicos tipo diesel, turbinas, etc., al mismo tiempo que hace girar los campos magnéticos mediante motores eléctricos se produce simultáneamente la sustentación de los vagones y su desplazamiento o propulsión respecto al elemento o plancha ferromagnética sin fricción. Este sistema de propulsión es el único en el que no existe rozamiento por estar levitado y las pérdidas por corrientes Eddy son mínimas. Este sistema de propulsión evita las pérdidas que se producen en todos los vehículos que se mueven o apoyan en un fluido, aproximadamente se pierde el 50% de la energía aplicada en aviones, barcos, etc. y en general en todos los propulsados directamente por turbinas o hélices por el efecto de impulso mecánico igual a cantidad de movimiento.The propulsion is achieved by rotating the aforementioned magnetic fields, using electric or mechanical diesel-type engines, turbines, etc., at the same time that the magnetic fields are rotated by electric motors, the lift of the wagons and their displacement or propulsion with respect to the frictionless ferromagnetic element or plate. This propulsion system is the only one in which there is no friction due to being levitated and current losses Eddy are minimal. This propulsion system avoids losses that occur in all vehicles that move or rely on a fluid, approximately 50% of the energy applied in airplanes, ships, etc. is lost. and in general in all those propelled directly by turbines or propellers by the effect of mechanical impulse equal to amount of movement.
Usando imanes permanentes no hay que aplicar energía para levitar los vagones, tan solo se necesitará la utilizada para controlar o mantener la distancia entre vagones o imanes y el elemento o plancha ferromagnética, dicha energía es muy pequeña.Using permanent magnets, there is no need to apply energy to levitate the wagons, only the one used to control or maintain the distance between wagons or magnets and the ferromagnetic element or plate will be needed, said energy is very small.
Los medios para mantener al vagón a una distancia calibrada del elemento o plancha ferromagnética pueden ser muy variados: Ruedas amortiguadoras, ruedas y un actuador hidráulico, chorros de aire, actuadores lineales piezoeléctricos con o sin amplificador de palanca mecánica, motores piezoeléctricos, etc. Estos últimos necesitan las señales de unos sensores ópticos por infrarrojos, magnéticos o de inducción de tipo lineal. Los actuadores piezoeléctricos se caracterizan por su gran velocidad de respuesta, su gran potencia, su pequeño tamaño y su poco peso. Las ruedas no necesitan gasto de energía para su funcionamiento pero si producen algo de resistencia y limitan la velocidad de uso. Una variante puede utilizar una capa de goma en la superficie de las ruedas magnéticas que evita la excesiva aproximación entre imanes o electroimanes y el elemento o plancha ferromagnética. Esto estaría reservado a vehículos de baja velocidad. Los imanes permanentes pueden constar de al menos un par de polos, los polos pueden estar alternados radialmente, longitudinalmente, etc. respecto al eje de giro.The means to keep the wagon at a calibrated distance from the ferromagnetic element or plate can be very varied: damping wheels, wheels and a hydraulic actuator, air jets, piezoelectric linear actuators with or without mechanical lever amplifier, piezoelectric motors, etc. The latter need the signals of infrared, magnetic or induction optical sensors of linear type. Piezoelectric actuators are characterized by their high response speed, high power, small size and low weight. The wheels do not need energy expenditure for their operation but they do produce some resistance and limit the speed of use. A variant can use a rubber layer on the surface of the magnetic wheels that avoids excessive approximation between magnets or electromagnets and the ferromagnetic element or plate. This would be reserved for low speed vehicles. Permanent magnets can consist of at least one pair of poles, the poles can be alternated radially, longitudinally, etc. with respect to the axis of rotation.
Los sensores se colocan contiguos al actuador e igualmente fijados a los vagones. La señal del sensor se compara con una de referencia, convirtiéndose, pasando al opto-acoplador, después a un amplificador y posteriormente al actuador que corrige la distancia de separación entre el vagón o imán y el elemento ferromagnético.The sensors are placed adjacent to the actuator and also attached to the cars. The sensor signal is compared with a reference signal, converting, passing to the opto-coupler, then to an amplifier and then to the actuator that corrects the separation distance between the car or magnet and the ferromagnetic element.
El guiado se puede conseguir con ruedas o chorros de aire aplicados lateralmente sobre el raíl o bien utilizando dos elementos o vías ferromagnéticos formando ángulo.Guidance can be achieved with wheels or air jets applied laterally on the rail or by using two ferromagnetic elements or tracks at an angle.
Los elementos, planchas o vigas ferromagnéticas se pueden suplir por múltiples placas independientes eléctricamente y con igual comportamiento magnético. Ventajas: Es práctico, muy sencillo, económico, necesita poco mantenimiento, tiene baja fatiga, ahorra mucha energía y por lo tanto reduce la contaminación, por su alta velocidad puede competir con el avión en trayectos sobre el terreno. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS La figura 1 muestra una vista lateral esquematizada de una porción de viga e imanes permanentes giratorios del sistema de la invención.Ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams can be supplied by multiple electrically independent plates and with the same magnetic behavior. Advantages: It is practical, very simple, economical, needs little maintenance, has low fatigue, saves a lot of energy and therefore reduces pollution, because of its high speed it can compete with the plane on journeys on the ground. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a beam portion e permanent rotating magnets of the system of the invention.
La figura 2 muestra una vista lateral esquematizada de una porción de viga y electroimanes o campos magnéticos giratorios, variante del sistema de la invención.Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of a portion of beam and electromagnets or rotating magnetic fields, variant of the system of the invention.
La figura 3 muestra una vista lateral esquematizada de una porción de viga y electroimanes o campos magnéticos en línea, variante del sistema de la invenciónFigure 3 shows a schematic side view of a portion of beam and electromagnets or magnetic fields in line, variant of the system of the invention
La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva y esquematizada de un vehículo de la invención.Figure 4 shows a perspective and schematic view of a vehicle of the invention.
Las figuras 5A, 6A, 7A y 8A muestran vistas laterales, esquematizadas, en alzado de imanes permanentes de la invención. Las figuras 5 A, 6 A, 7A y 8 A muestran vistas frontales, esquematizadas, en alzado de los imanes permanentes de las figuras 5 A, 6A, 7A y 8A.Figures 5A, 6A, 7A and 8A show schematic side elevational views of permanent magnets of the invention. Figures 5 A, 6 A, 7A and 8 A show front, schematic, elevational views of the permanent magnets of Figures 5 A, 6A, 7A and 8A.
Las figuras 9 y 10 muestran vistas laterales esquematizadas y parcialmente seccionadas de unos electroimanes de campos giratorios.Figures 9 and 10 show schematic and partially sectioned side views of rotating field electromagnets.
Las figuras 11 a la 15 muestran vistas esquematizadas y parcialmente seccionadas de distintos sistemas de vagones o vehículos.Figures 11 through 15 show schematic and partially sectioned views of different car or vehicle systems.
DESCRIPCIÓN MAS DETALLADA DE LOS DIBUJOSMORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La invención, vista figura 1, consta de elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), imanes permanentes giratorios (2) y su eje (5) al cual se aplica el giro de un motor produciendo el giro de los imanes y como consecuencia el desplazamiento del vehículo. En la figura 11, se muestra el vagón o vehículo (6), los elementos, planchas o vigas ferromagnéticas (1) atraídas por los imanes permanentes giratorios (2) movido por el motor (8). Los sensores de proximidad piezoeléctricos (9), sobre los soportes (9a), miden y envían señales de la distancia entre los imanes y el elemento o plancha ferromagnética a los actuadores piezoeléctricos (18) que a su vez hacen de soportes de los ejes de los imanes permanentes, los elementos ferromagnéticos se apoyan en las parejas de columnas (11), las ruedas (13) de límite de recorrido se apoyan sobre las placas (12).The invention, seen in figure 1, consists of an element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), permanent rotating magnets (2) and its axis (5) to which the rotation of a motor is applied producing the rotation of the magnets and as a consequence vehicle displacement In figure 11, the wagon or vehicle (6), the ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams (1) attracted by the rotating permanent magnets (2) moved by the motor (8) are shown. The piezoelectric proximity sensors (9), on the supports (9a), measure and send signals of the distance between the magnets and the ferromagnetic element or plate to the piezoelectric actuators (18) which in turn act as supports for the axes of the permanent magnets, the ferromagnetic elements rest on the pairs of columns (11), the travel limit wheels (13) rest on the plates (12).
La figura 2, consta de elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), imanes electromagnéticos (3) a los que se les aplica un movimiento giratorio mediante un motor o bien se produce un campo magnético giratorio.Figure 2, consists of element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), electromagnetic magnets (3) to which a rotating movement is applied by means of a motor or a rotating magnetic field is produced.
La figura 3, consta de elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), campos electromagnéticos lineales (4) a los cuales se les aplica secuencialmente señales, en el orden (ABCD) produciendo el desplazamiento lineal del vehículo.Figure 3, consists of element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), linear electromagnetic fields (4) to which signals are sequentially applied, in the order (ABCD) producing the linear displacement of the vehicle.
La figura 4, consta de plancha o vía (1), vehículo (6) y postes o columnas (11). La figura 5A, consta de imán permanente (2a) de dos polos dispuestos longitudinalmente a lo largo de su eje y su eje de giro (5).Figure 4, consists of plate or track (1), vehicle (6) and posts or columns (11). Figure 5A consists of a permanent magnet (2a) of two poles arranged longitudinally along its axis and its axis of rotation (5).
La figura 5B, muestra otra vista del imán permanente (2a) de la figura 5A.Figure 5B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2a) of Figure 5A.
La figura 6A, consta de imán permanente (2b) de cuatro pares de polos dispuestos radialmente y su eje de giro (5).Figure 6A consists of permanent magnet (2b) of four pairs of radially arranged poles and their axis of rotation (5).
La figura 6B, muestra otra vista del imán permanente (2b) de la figura 6A.Figure 6B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2b) of Figure 6A.
La figura 7A, consta de imán permanente (2c) de dos polos dispuestos transversalmente y su eje de giro (5).Figure 7A, consists of permanent magnet (2c) of two transversely arranged poles and its axis of rotation (5).
La figura 7B, muestra otra vista del imán permanente (2c) de la figura 7A. La figura 8 A, consta de imán permanente (2d) de dos polos dispuestos transversalmente, su eje de giro (5) y la cubierta de goma (20).Figure 7B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2c) of Figure 7A. Figure 8 A consists of a permanent magnet (2d) of two transversely arranged poles, its axis of rotation (5) and the rubber cover (20).
La figura 8B, muestra otra vista del imán permanente (2d) de la figura 8A.Figure 8B shows another view of the permanent magnet (2d) of Figure 8A.
La figura 9, consta de núcleo (3) del electroimán giratorio alrededor del eje (5).Figure 9, consists of the core (3) of the rotating electromagnet around the axis (5).
La figura 10, consta de núcleos (3) de los electroimanes giratorios y su eje (5). La figura 11, consta de vagón (6), elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), imán permanente giratorio (2) movido por el motor (8), sensor de proximidad piezoeléctrico (9), y su soporte (9a), actuadores piezoeléctricos (18) que a su vez hacen de soportes de los ejes de los imanes permanentes (2), los elementos ferromagnéticos se apoyan sobre el suelo con las dos columnas (11), las ruedas (13) de límite de recorrido se apoyan sobre las placas (12).Figure 10 consists of cores (3) of the rotating electromagnets and their axis (5). Figure 11, consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), piezoelectric proximity sensor (9), and its support (9a), piezoelectric actuators (18) which in turn act as supports for the permanent magnet shafts (2), the ferromagnetic elements rest on the ground with the two columns (11), the travel limit wheels (13) are supported on the plates (12).
La figura 12, consta de vagón (6), elemento, plancha ferromagnética (1), imán permanente giratorio (2) movido por el motor (8). Usa parejas de columnas de apoyo (11). Los chorros de aire (19) mantienen una distancia fija entre la plancha y el imán.Figure 12, consists of wagon (6), element, ferromagnetic plate (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8). Use pairs of support columns (11). The air jets (19) maintain a fixed distance between the iron and the magnet.
La figura 13, consta de vagón (6), elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), imán permanente giratorio (2) movido por el motor (8), columna (11), el actuador hidráulico (14) controla y desplaza las ruedas sensoras de proximidad (15) manteniendo una distancia predeterminada.Figure 13, consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), column (11), the hydraulic actuator (14) controls and moves the proximity sensor wheels (15) maintaining a predetermined distance.
La figura 14, consta de vagón (6), elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), imán permanente giratorio (2) movido por el motor (8), parejas de columnas de apoyo (11) y ruedas laterales de límite (13). El actuador hidráulico (14) controla y desplaza las ruedas sensoras de proximidad (15) manteniendo una distancia predeterminada.Figure 14, consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), pairs of support columns (11) and side limit wheels (13 ). The hydraulic actuator (14) controls and moves the proximity sensor wheels (15) maintaining a predetermined distance.
La figura 15, consta de vagón (6), elemento, plancha o viga ferromagnética (1), imán permanente giratorio (2) movido por el motor (8), viga (11) e inyector de aire (17), controla la separación entre raíl e imán y el guiado o límites laterales de recorrido. Figure 15, consists of wagon (6), element, iron or ferromagnetic beam (1), rotating permanent magnet (2) moved by the motor (8), beam (11) and air injector (17), controls the separation between rail and magnet and guided or lateral travel limits.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
I. Sistema propulsor y levitador por campos magnéticos para vehículos que consiste en unos vagones que discurren suspendidos magnéticamente de unos elementos, planchas o vigas ferromagnéticas, dichos vagones portan paralelos y separados por una distancia calibrada de la cara inferior de los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas, múltiples campos magnéticos los cuales giran o se desplazan en un plano perpendicular al de los elementos ferromagnéticos y paralelos a la dirección de desplazamiento del vehículo, añadiendo medios para mantener la distancia calibrada, las planchas están soportadas por postes o columnas sobre el suelo. 2. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos son giratorios.I. Magnetic field propellant and levitator system for vehicles consisting of wagons that run magnetically suspended from ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams, said wagons carry parallel and separated by a calibrated distance from the underside of the ferromagnetic elements or plates, multiple magnetic fields which rotate or move in a plane perpendicular to that of the ferromagnetic elements and parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle, adding means to maintain the calibrated distance, the plates are supported by posts or columns on the ground. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic fields are rotatable.
3. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos son trasladantes.3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic fields are translatable.
4. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas son de acero al carbono y están formados por una única plancha.4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic elements or plates are made of carbon steel and are formed by a single plate.
5. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas son de acero al carbono y están formados por dos planchas formando ángulo.5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic elements or plates are made of carbon steel and are formed by two plates forming an angle.
6. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos funciona por atracción y se usan imanes permanentes.6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic fields work by attraction and permanent magnets are used.
7. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos funciona por atracción y son del tipo electromagnético.7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic fields work by attraction and are of the electromagnetic type.
8. Sistema según reivindicación 1 y 7, caracterizado porque los campos electromagnéticos se varían secuencialmente variando la fase de las corrientes eléctricas aplicadas y la resultante de los campos eléctricos, manteniendo los electroimanes o sus bobinas fijas.System according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the electromagnetic fields are varied sequentially by varying the phase of the applied electric currents and the resulting one of the electric fields, keeping the electromagnets or their coils fixed.
9. Sistema según reivindicación 1 y 3, caracterizado por tener los campos magnéticos dispuestos en línea recta y trasladantes en un sentido mediante corrientes aplicadas secuencialmente. 10. Sistema según reivindicación 1 y 2, caracterizado porque el giro de los campos magnéticos se realiza con motores eléctricos.9. System according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the magnetic fields are arranged in a straight line and in one direction by currents applied sequentially. 10. System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotation of the magnetic fields is carried out with electric motors.
I I. Sistema según reivindicación 1 y 2, caracterizado porque el giro de los campos magnéticos se realiza con motores mecánicos tipo diesel, turbinas, etc.I I. System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotation of the magnetic fields is carried out with mechanical diesel engines, turbines, etc.
12. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los medios para mantener la distancia calibrada se efectúa mediante ruedas.12. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for maintaining the calibrated distance is done by wheels.
13. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los medios para mantener la distancia calibrada se efectúa mediante unas ruedas y un actuador hidráulico. 14. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los medios para mantener la distancia calibrada se efectúa mediante chorros de aire.13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for maintaining the calibrated distance is carried out by means of wheels and a hydraulic actuator. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for maintaining the calibrated distance is carried out by means of air jets.
15. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los medios para mantener la distancia calibrada se efectúa mediante unos sensores y actuadores lineales piezoeléctricos. 16. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los medios para mantener la distancia calibrada se efectúa mediante unos sensores y motores piezoeléctricos.15. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for maintaining the calibrated distance is carried out by means of piezoelectric linear sensors and actuators. 16. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for maintaining the calibrated distance is carried out by means of piezoelectric sensors and motors.
17. Sistema según reivindicación 1, 15 y 16, caracterizado por utilizar sensores ópticos por infrarrojos. 18. Sistema según reivindicación 1, 15 y 16, caracterizado por utilizar sensores magnéticos.17. System according to claim 1, 15 and 16, characterized by using infrared optical sensors. 18. System according to claim 1, 15 and 16, characterized by using magnetic sensors.
19. Sistema según reivindicación 1, 15 y 16, caracterizado por utilizar sensores de inducción de tipo lineal.19. System according to claim 1, 15 and 16, characterized by using induction sensors of linear type.
20. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado por utilizar una capa de goma en la superficie de las ruedas magnéticas.20. System according to claim 1, characterized by using a rubber layer on the surface of the magnetic wheels.
21. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los imanes tienen al menos un par de polos.21. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets have at least one pair of poles.
22. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los polos están alternados radialmente. 23. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los polos están alternados longitudinalmente.22. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are radially alternated. 23. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are alternated longitudinally.
24. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los polos están alternados radialmente.24. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are radially alternated.
25. Sistema según reivindicación 1, 15 y 16, caracterizado porque los sensores se colocan contiguos al actuador e igualmente fijados a los vagones.25. System according to claim 1, 15 and 16, characterized in that the sensors are placed adjacent to the actuator and also attached to the cars.
26. Sistema según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los elementos, planchas o vigas ferromagnéticas constan de múltiples placas independientes eléctricamente.26. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic elements, plates or beams consist of multiple electrically independent plates.
27. Método propulsor y levitador por campos magnéticos para vehículos que consiste en unos vagones que discurren suspendidos magnéticamente de unos elementos, planchas o vigas ferromagnéticas, dichos vagones portan paralelos y separados por una distancia calibrada de la cara inferior de los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas, múltiples campos magnéticos los cuales giran o se desplazan en un plano perpendicular al de los elementos ferromagnéticos y paralelos a la dirección de desplazamiento del vehículo, añadiendo medios para mantener la distancia calibrada y estando soportados por postes o columnas sobre el suelo.27. Propeller and levitator method by magnetic fields for vehicles consisting of wagons that run magnetically suspended from elements, ferromagnetic plates or beams, said wagons carry parallel and separated by a calibrated distance from the underside of the ferromagnetic elements or plates, multiple magnetic fields which rotate or move in a plane perpendicular to that of the ferromagnetic elements and parallel to the direction of vehicle displacement, adding means to maintain the calibrated distance and being supported by posts or columns on the ground.
28. Método según reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos son giratorios.28. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the magnetic fields are rotatable.
29. Método según reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos son trasladantes.29. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the magnetic fields are translatable.
30. Método según reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas son de acero al carbono y están formados por una placa.30. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the ferromagnetic elements or plates are made of carbon steel and are formed by a plate.
31. Método según reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque los elementos o planchas ferromagnéticas son de acero al carbono y están formados por dos placas formando ángulo.31. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the ferromagnetic elements or plates are made of carbon steel and are formed by two plates forming an angle.
32. Método según reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos funcionan por atracción y se usan imanes permanentes.32. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the magnetic fields work by attraction and permanent magnets are used.
33. Método según reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos funciona por atracción y se usan campos electromagnéticos. 34. Sistema según reivindicación 27, 32 y 33, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos giran mecánicamente.33. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the magnetic fields work by attraction and electromagnetic fields are used. 34. System according to claim 27, 32 and 33, characterized in that the magnetic fields rotate mechanically.
35. Sistema según reivindicación 27, 32 y 33, caracterizado porque los campos magnéticos giran mediante motores eléctricos.35. System according to claim 27, 32 and 33, characterized in that the magnetic fields rotate by electric motors.
36. Método según reivindicación 27 y 33, caracterizado porque los campos electromagnéticos se varían secuencialmente variando la fase de las corrientes eléctricas aplicadas y la resultante de los campos eléctricos, manteniendo los electroimanes o sus bobinas fijas. 36. Method according to claim 27 and 33, characterized in that the electromagnetic fields are varied sequentially by varying the phase of the applied electric currents and the resulting one of the electric fields, keeping the electromagnets or their coils fixed.
PCT/ES2007/000209 2007-03-16 2007-04-11 Magnetic field-based propulsion and levitation system and method intended for transport vehicles WO2008113869A1 (en)

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ESP200700929 2007-03-16
ES200700929A ES2304325B1 (en) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 PROPULSOR AND LEVITATOR SYSTEM FOR MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR TRANSPORT VEHICLES.

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WO2018011443A1 (en) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 Manuel Muñoz Saiz Levitation, stabilisation and propulsion system for vehicles travelling through air ducts
CA3110591A1 (en) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-19 Manuel Munoz Saiz Ultralight two-track train that does not derail
ES2810948A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2021-03-09 Saiz Manuel Munoz Improvements in two-way trains and very high-speed non-derailing monorails (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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US3791309A (en) * 1971-01-09 1974-02-12 M Baermann Means to guide and suspend a vehicle by magnetic forces
US5343811A (en) * 1986-02-27 1994-09-06 Peter Schuster Magnetic power system for low-friction transportation of loads
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