WO2007128842A1 - Transalquilación catalítica de dialquilbencenos - Google Patents
Transalquilación catalítica de dialquilbencenos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007128842A1 WO2007128842A1 PCT/ES2006/000218 ES2006000218W WO2007128842A1 WO 2007128842 A1 WO2007128842 A1 WO 2007128842A1 ES 2006000218 W ES2006000218 W ES 2006000218W WO 2007128842 A1 WO2007128842 A1 WO 2007128842A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- monoalkylbenzenes
- transalkylation
- polyalkylaromatic
- obtaining
- compounds according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010555 transalkylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001292274 Eumenes Species 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical class O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020335 dealkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006900 dealkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012035 limiting reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005199 trimethylbenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVEVOEHPSHPIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-didecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCCC FVEVOEHPSHPIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical class [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C6/126—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring of more than one hydrocarbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to catalytic transalkylation reactions and in particular to smectite-type catalysts.
- Alkylaromatic compounds are an important family of substances that are used as raw materials in many industrial fields, such as plasticizers, polymeric materials, insecticides, in agriculture to prevent the agglomeration of fertilizers, in the manufacture of textiles and fibers, in the leather and fur industry, herbicides, industrial cleaning processes, in the photography industry, in the manufacture of adhesives and in fire-fighting products such as humidifying agents, in electrochemical processes for dirt removal and fats on the surface of a substrate, and in biodegradable detergents ⁇ Surfactants in Consumers Products, Theory, Technology, and Application, Edited by J. Falbe, Springer Verlag, 1987).
- the usual process used by the petrochemical industry to produce alkylaromatic compounds, especially for detergent applications, consists of dehydrogenating linear paraffins to obtain linear mono-olefins and then carrying out the alkylation of benzene with said mono-olefins.
- Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) is produced by sulfonation of Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB) and subsequent neutralization of the corresponding sulfonic acids (HLAS).
- the linear olefins used in the process have between nine and sixteen carbon atoms.
- the alkylation step occurs in the liquid phase, in the presence of Friedel-Cra ⁇ type catalysts, for example, hydrofluoric acid.
- the HF process is well known and used commercially, producing a high yield (> 99% by weight) in LAB with a relatively low selectivity to the 2-phenyl isomer, less than 20%.
- the integrated process for the production of LAB is described in the Petroleum Re ⁇ ning Process Handbook, edited by Robert A. Meyers, 1986, pl- 23, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the US Pat. No. 5,276,231 describes the intermediate stages of the LAB production process, such as the selective hydrogenation of the diolefinic by-products formed in the dehydrogenation of paraffins and the removal of non-linear by-products from the stream of the dehydrogenation stage.
- the use of HF presents some disadvantages, since it requires very careful handling and special equipment due to its corrosivity, which translates into an increase in fixed and operating costs, which is why we have tried to develop alternative catalysts based on acidic solids
- zeolitic solids mentioned herein as catalysts are defined in the Atlas classification of Zeolite Framework Types, WM Meier, DH Olson and CH Baerlocher, 5 th revised edition, 2001, Elsevier, to which the present invention refers.
- the effluent from the reactor consisting of monoalkylbenzenes, unreacted benzene, paraffins and dialkylbenzenes, is fed to the benzene distillation column (unit 201), in which the benzene is separated by the head and recirculated (stream 50 ).
- the bottoms products (stream 60) are fed to the paraffin separation column (unit 301), in which the paraffins are separated by head (stream 70) and recirculated to the dehydrogenation step.
- the bottoms stream from unit 301 (stream 80), primarily composed of monoalkylbenzenes and dialkylbenzenes, is fed to the final purification unit (unit 401), in which the monoalkylbenzenes are separated from the heavier by-products by a distillation process and subsequently purified by a clay treater, thus obtaining a stream of high purity monoalkylbenzenes (stream 90).
- Dialkylbenzenes and other heavy by-products leave the process through stream 100.
- one of the main disadvantages associated with the alkylation process when linear olefins are used to produce alkylbenzenes in the detergent range is the generation of polyalkylbenzene compounds in the alkylation stage.
- Isomerization and transalkylation are the two main reactions that take place when di or trialkylbenzenes are passed over solids based on silica-alumina or on zeolites exchanged with metals.
- the positional isomerization of polyalkylbenzenes can be developed through two mechanisms: 1,2 intramolecular elimination and transalkylation. Below 200 0 C, isomerization predominates via transalkylation as stated in The Chemistt ⁇ ofCatalytic Hydrocarhon Conversions, H.Pines, l st Edition (1981), Academic Press.
- the TA-4 zeolitic catalyst is used in the Tatoray process (originated by Toray Industries TM and developed and licensed by UOP TM), in which the zeolites have two fundamental missions: the disproportionation of toluene to obtain benzene and xylene mixtures and also transalkylation of trimethylbenzenes to obtain xylene mixtures (Jeanneret, J., Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes. Myers R A., editor.
- Zeolite Y has been used in the transalkylation of toluene with eumene, as reported by Mavrodinova V. et al, Transalkylation oftoluene with cum ⁇ ne over zeolites Y dealuminated in solid-state. Par ⁇ L Effect ofthe alteration ofBronsted acidity, Applied catalysis. A, General, 2003, 248 (1-2), 181-196.
- EP No.l, 059,277-Al proposes the use of a zeolite Y to transalkylate polyethylbenzene with benzene to obtain ethylbenzene.
- the transalkylation reaction takes place in the alkylation reactor, by means of a double catalytic system or by means of a differentiated transalkylation reactor, as stated in US patents. Pat. No. 3,751,504, US Pat. No. 4,547,605 and US Pat. No. 4,016,218.
- US Pat. No. 5,902,917 and US Pat. No. 6,096,935 describe processes for the transalkylation of alkylaromatic compounds in which the food is introduced into a transalkylation zone and its effluent is then introduced into an alkylation step in the presence of an olefinic alkylating agent. Another possibility is to pass portions of the transalkylation effluent to a reactor. multi-stage alkylation, as set forth in US Pat. No. 6,232,515.
- indices such as: conversion, selectivity to monoalkylbenzenes, homolog distribution, and isomer distribution:
- Fractional conversion in transalkylation In the transalkylation reaction considered in this patent, the aromatic compound (benzene) is always used in excess of the stoichiometry of the transalkylation reaction (assuming a stoichiometric ratio of benzene to dialkylbenzenes of 1: one). Fractional conversion can be defined as the fraction of the limiting reagent that is consumed in the reaction to generate all associated products:
- N a0 is the initial number of moles of the limiting reagent (dialkylbenzenes), and N a is the number of moles of these compounds at the reactor outlet.
- W oaiquiibenceno mon is the mass of monoalkyl benzene produced, preferably in the phenyl-Qo rank phenyl-C ⁇
- Wii ger I is the mass of all the lighter components generated the phenyl-Cio
- W a i qu iiato pe sado is the mass of all those compounds generated heavier than phenyl-C 13
- the percentages by weight of said compounds can be used equivalently.
- iip Homolog distribution The homolog distribution can be understood as the percentage by weight of each monoalkylbenzene homolog (same chain alkyl) produced. We can distinguish between phenyl-Cg, phenyl-C 10 , phenyl-C ⁇ , phenyl-Cn ... up to phenyl-C 16 .
- Distribution of isomers Among the monoalkylbenzenes produced, the distribution of isomers can be defined as the percentage by weight of each type of isomer produced, such as 2-phenyl, 3-phenyl ... 7-phenyl isomers, and also the branched alkylate.
- isomers plays a very important role in the global economic feasibility of the production process, in the quality of the final sulphonated product and also in its rate of biodegradation.
- 2-phenyl isomers are those molecules in which the aromatic ring is attached to the alkyl chain through carbon at position 2 of said chain.
- LAB mixtures with external (2/3-phenyl) isomer contents greater than 60% provide, upon sulfonation and neutralization, a LAS with superior detersive properties, but very viscous, not very stable and of low solubility.
- Branched isomers are those alkylbenzene molecules in which the alkyl chain is not linear. If there are non-terminal quaternary carbons (internal, such as 5-metü, 5-phenylalkan) in these chains, the resulting alkylbenzene sulfonates show a lower biodegradation rate than linear sulfonates, as reported in "Iso-branching of LAS biodegradation study of two model compounds ", L. Cavalli, G. Cassani, M. Lazzarin, C. Maraschin, G. Nuzzi, JL Berna, J. Bravo, J. Ferrer, A. Moreno, Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry. VoI. 54, p.
- This invention relates to a process in which the transalkylation catalyst is very active, stable and selective to monoalkylbenzenes when it catalyzes the reaction between the dialkylbenzenes obtained as by-products of the alkylation step and benzene.
- Said monoalkylbenzenes can be mixed with the monoalkylbenzenes produced in the alkylation process in which the transalkylation would be integrated, thus increasing the overall yield of the process to monoalkylbenzenes.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining monoalkylbenzenes from polyalkylbenzenes by means of a catalytic transalkylation reaction, as catalyst a modified acidity smectite is used that is in the solid state and has improved properties when transalkylating polyalkylbenzenes of long alkyl chain with aromatic hydrocarbon to obtain monoalkylbenzenes.
- a modified acidity smectite is used that is in the solid state and has improved properties when transalkylating polyalkylbenzenes of long alkyl chain with aromatic hydrocarbon to obtain monoalkylbenzenes.
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to a process for obtaining monoalkylbenzene compounds by catalytic transalkylation of polyalkylaromatic compounds, comprising the following steps: i) mixing polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons with aromatic hydrocarbons; ii) catalytic transalkylation of the mixture obtained in step i) in a transalkylation reactor comprising a catalyst; iii) separating the product obtained in step ii) into a fraction comprising unreacted aromatic hydrocarbon, into a fraction comprising unreacted polyalkylaromatics and into a fraction comprising the generated monoalkylaromatics; iv) mixing the polyalkylaromatic compounds obtained in stage iii) with fresh polyalkylaromatics; v) recirculating the mixture obtained in step iv) to step i); vi) mixing the aromatic hydrocarbons obtained in stage iii) with fresh aromatic hydrocarbons; and vii) recirculating the mixture obtained in stage vi) to stage
- the alkyl chains present in the polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbons contain between 5 and 20 carbon atoms, preferably between 9 and 16 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon and the polyalkylaromatic hydrocarbon are mixed in a molar ratio between 1: 1 and 100: 1, preferably 60: 1.
- the catalyst of step ii) is arranged in the reactor in an arrangement selected from the group consisting of: a fluidized bed, in a slurry reactor or in at least one catalytic fixed bed.
- the transalkylation reaction of step ii) is carried out in a reactor configuration comprising at least one of the reactor configurations selected from the group consisting of: an independent fixed bed reactor, at least two parallel fixed-bed reactors, at least two fixed-bed reactors in series, and combinations thereof.
- separation step iii) is carried out by distillation and / or selective decomposition of by-products and / or selective adsorption.
- the catalyst present in step ii) is of the smectite type with modified acidity.
- the catalyst from step ii) comprises: a) a total silicon: aluminum ratio of between 2.0: 1.0-10.0: 1.0, preferably about 5.6: 1.0 b) between 0.5-4% by weight of magnesium, preferably 1.2% c) between 0.2-3% by weight of iron, preferably 0.9% d) between 0.1-2% by weight of calcium, preferably 0.4% e) between 0.1-2% by weight of sulfur, preferably 0.5% f) between 0.01-0.5 % by weight of fluorine g) between 0.0001% -0.005% by weight of sodium.
- the catalyst of step ii) comprises: a) a powder x-ray diffraction pattern characterized in that the strongest diffraction peak appears at angle 2 theta corresponding to 5.74 ° and the rest of the main peaks appear at diffraction angles of 2 theta corresponding to 19.77 ° -26.33 ° -54, l 1 ° -61.85 ° -68.1 I or and 76.33 ° b) total specific area (BET) of between 200 to 800 m2 / g, preferably around 390 m2 / g; c) total pore volume between 0.1 to 1 ml / g, preferably 0.5 ml / gd) distribution of macropores with a diameter between 20 to 2000 angstroms, preferably between 20 to 60 angstroms, more preferably 40 angstroms .
- BET total specific area
- the acidity of the catalyst from step ii) has a total concentration of acid centers of 100 to 900 micromoles per gram, preferably between 130 to 400 micromoles per gram.
- the optimum reaction temperature is between 150-250 ° C, preferably 180-225 0 C.
- the optimal reaction pressure is between 15-50 kgf / cm 2 , preferably between 30-45 kgf / cm 2 .
- the optimal liquid hourly space velocity is between 0.5-5 h "1 .
- Figure 1 represents the usual procedure for carrying out the fixed-bed alkylation of benzene with definas Ci 0 -C 13 .
- the mixture of linear monolefins and paraffins (stream 00), is mixed with benzene (stream 20) obtained by mixing fresh benzene (stream 10) with recirculated benzene (stream 50) obtained in the benzene distillation column (stream 201).
- the resulting reaction mixture (stream 30) is fed to the fixed bed catalytic reactor (unit 101), in which the alkylation of benzene by olefins takes place.
- the effluent from the reactor consisting of monoalkylbenzenes, unreacted benzene, paraffins and dialkylbenzenes, is fed to the benzene distillation column (unit 201), in which the benzene is separated by the head and recirculated (stream 50 ).
- the bottoms products (stream 60) are fed to the paraffin separation column (unit 301), where the paraffins are separated by the head (stream 70) and recirculated to the dehydrogenation step.
- the bottoms stream from unit 301 (stream 80), primarily composed of monoalkylbenzenes and dialkylbenzenes, is fed to the final purification unit (unit 401), in which the monoalkylbenzenes are separated to the heavier by-products by a distillation process and subsequently purified by a clay treater, thus obtaining a stream of high purity monoalkylbenzenes (stream 90).
- Dialkylbenzenes and other heavy by-products leave the process through stream 100.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic of the reaction of the present invention in flow diagram form.
- FIG. 2 represents a non-limiting scheme for the practice of this invention.
- the mixture of linear monolefins and paraffins from the dehydrogenation, diolefin conversion and purification steps (stream 0O) 5 is mixed with a suitable amount of benzene (stream 30), obtained by taking a part of the benzene stream (stream 20) generated by mixing fresh benzene (stream 10) with recycle benzene (stream 70).
- the resulting reagent mixture (stream 40) is fed to the fixed bed alkylation reactor (unit 101), in the that alkylation of benzene by olefins takes place.
- Stream 60 is fed to the benzene distillation column (unit 201), in which benzene is separated at the top of the column and is recirculated (stream 70) to be mixed with the fresh benzene supply (stream 10) .
- the bottoms stream from the benzene column (stream 80) is fed to the paraffin distillation column (unit 301), in which the paraffins are separated by the head and recirculated (stream 90) to the process dehydrogenation unit alkylation.
- unit 301 which is composed primarily of monoalkylbenzenes and dialkylbenzenes (stream 100), is fed to the final purification stage (unit 401), in which the monoalkylbenzenes are separated from the heavy by-products that make up the dialkylbenzenes by of a distillation step, followed by purification with a clay bed, thus obtaining high purity monoalkylbenzenes (stream 110).
- the by-products obtained in the purification of the monoalkylbenzenes are mainly dialkylbenzenes, which emerge from the purification unit 401 through stream 120.
- This stream is mixed with a stream of benzene (stream 130), thus generating a mixture of benzene and dialkylbenzenes. with an adequate molar ratio (current 140).
- This stream is fed to the transalkylation reactor (unit 501), in which the transalkylation reaction takes place.
- the transalkylation effluent (stream 150) is sent to a purification step (unit 201) together with the effluent from the alkylation reactor, in which unreacted benzene is recovered.
- the spatial velocity of the transalkylation stage is controlled to be able to transform the dialkylbenzenes generated in the alkylation stage.
- This example illustrates the behavior of the selected catalyst when employed in the transalkylation of long chain dialkylbenzenes with benzene to produce the corresponding monoalkylbenzenes.
- the selected catalyst is based on a modified acidity smectite.
- the reaction was carried out in a pilot plant scale stainless steel reactor, in which the catalyst was located in a fixed bed.
- the dialkylbenzenes which contained a minimal amount of monoalkylbenzenes, came from a benzene alkylation process with linear olefins in the C 10 -C 13 range that used an acidic solid as a catalyst.
- dialkylbenzenes were mixed with dry benzene until a suitable benzene / dialkylbenzene molar ratio was achieved.
- the weight percentage of dialkylbenzenes and monoalkylbenzenes in the feed prior to mixing with benzene is detailed in Table 1:
- dialkylbenzenes used as food is summarized in Table 2. Since the dialkylbenzenes came from a process of alkylation of benzene with linear olefins in the Ci O -Ci 3 range , said dialkylbenzenes had a content of carbon atoms comprised in the range between C 26 (didecylbenzene) and C 32 (dithridebenzene), because all combinations between alkyl chains are possible.
- the operating temperature has been selected in the environment of 200 0 C to optimize, from an energy point of view, the transalkylation process when it is integrated into a larger alkylation process.
- the dialkylbenzenes come from a separation stage based on a sequential distillation process.
- the distillation columns operate at bottom temperatures in the order of 200 0 C, therefore, considering that the food from the transalkylation unit comes in part from these columns and that the transalkylation effluent will be separated in this distillation system, it would be interesting that its temperature was slightly lower than said 200 0 C to avoid intermediate heating / cooling stages before introducing it into the columns, since this minimizes the associated energy costs.
- Table 6 The average for the effluent composition generated at 195 0 C in terms of homolog distribution of monoalkyl and average molecular weight is summarized in Table 6. Table 6 also incorporates the 15 industrial specifications typical of the monoalkyl benzenes produced in a alkylation process (in terms of homolog distribution) in which this transalkylation process would be integrated, to see if both types of monoalkylbenzenes (those produced in the alkylation stage and those generated in the transalkylation stage) are similar:
- This example illustrates the stability over time of the activity of the catalyst used in the claimed transalkylation process, which is a fundamental parameter when considering its industrial application.
- the same reactor, feed mix and operating conditions as in Example 1 have been used.
- the reaction temperature has been varied in the range of 185 0 C to 200 0 C.
- 42 reaction cycles have been carried out (each one followed by its corresponding washing cycle) to analyze the potential deactivation of the catalyst.
- Most of the Reaction cycles developed lasted 24 hours, but some 48-hour cycles were also performed.
- Table 8 shows the average conversion of dialkylbenzenes obtained during the groups of equivalent cycles in temperature and reaction time (called sequences) against the temperature of each sequence:
- the reaction system shows high activity during the first eleven cycles (sequence 1), providing an average conversion of dialkylbenzenes of 70%.
- sequence 1 When the reaction cycle is extended to 48 hours (sequence 3), a decrease in activity is observed, probably due to fouling of the catalyst. Thereafter, stabilization of activity is observed at about 51-52% average conversion, regardless of temperature and cycle length. It seems to mean stabilization of the catalyst. Therefore, this catalyst provides a stable process that shows an appreciable thermal tolerance and that allows operating even in reaction cycles of 48 hours.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2651560A CA2651560C (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | Catalytic transalkylation of dialkyl benzenes |
US12/299,871 US8148592B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | Catalytic transalkylation of dialkyl benzenes |
PCT/ES2006/000218 WO2007128842A1 (es) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | Transalquilación catalítica de dialquilbencenos |
EP06743466A EP2022773A4 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | CATALYTIC TRANSALCYLATION OF DIALKYL BENZENES |
CN2006800545242A CN101448770B (zh) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | 精制烷基芳香烃化合物的方法 |
BRPI0621702-8A BRPI0621702B1 (pt) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | Método para obter compostos de monoalquil benzeno com uma cadeia alquílica tendo um tamanho de c10 a c20 por meio da transalquilação catalítica de compostos de dialquil benzeno, as cadeias alquílicas dos mesmos tendo um tamanho de c10 a c20 |
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PCT/ES2006/000218 WO2007128842A1 (es) | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | Transalquilación catalítica de dialquilbencenos |
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US8350110B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-01-08 | Uop Llc | Heavy alkylbenzene transalkylation operating cost reduction |
US10791924B2 (en) | 2014-08-10 | 2020-10-06 | Autonomix Medical, Inc. | ANS assessment systems, kits, and methods |
TW201623195A (zh) | 2014-11-07 | 2016-07-01 | 信賴工業有限公司 | 基於離子液體化合物之轉烷化方法 |
US10392321B2 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2019-08-27 | Uop Llc | Processes for transalkylating aromatic hydrocarbons |
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- 2006-05-08 WO PCT/ES2006/000218 patent/WO2007128842A1/es active Application Filing
- 2006-05-08 CN CN2006800545242A patent/CN101448770B/zh active Active
- 2006-05-08 EP EP06743466A patent/EP2022773A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-05-08 CA CA2651560A patent/CA2651560C/en active Active
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Also Published As
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CN101448770B (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
CA2651560A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
EP2022773A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
US8148592B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
US20100022814A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
BRPI0621702A2 (pt) | 2011-12-20 |
EP2022773A4 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
CN101448770A (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
CA2651560C (en) | 2013-07-16 |
BRPI0621702B1 (pt) | 2021-07-27 |
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