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WO2006015629A1 - Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit - Google Patents

Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006015629A1
WO2006015629A1 PCT/EP2005/001724 EP2005001724W WO2006015629A1 WO 2006015629 A1 WO2006015629 A1 WO 2006015629A1 EP 2005001724 W EP2005001724 W EP 2005001724W WO 2006015629 A1 WO2006015629 A1 WO 2006015629A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flash gas
compressor
refrigeration circuit
receiver
line
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/001724
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Gernemann
Original Assignee
Carrier Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004038640A external-priority patent/DE102004038640A1/en
Application filed by Carrier Corporation filed Critical Carrier Corporation
Priority to DK05715407.2T priority Critical patent/DK1782001T3/en
Priority to US11/659,923 priority patent/US20080196420A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2005/001724 priority patent/WO2006015629A1/en
Priority to EP05715407.2A priority patent/EP1782001B1/en
Publication of WO2006015629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006015629A1/en
Priority to NO20071229A priority patent/NO343330B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/04—Desuperheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration circuit for circulating a refriger ⁇ ant in a predetermined flow direction, comprising a heat- rejecting heat ex ⁇ changer, an intermediate expansion device or throttle valve, a receiver, an evaporator expansion device or throttle valve, an evaporator, a compressor, and a flash gas tapping line connected to the receiver, as well as a method for tapping flash gas from a receiver in such a refrigeration circuit.
  • Refrigeration circuits are known and particularly useful for supercritical refrig- erants like carbon dioxide, CO 2 .
  • the intermediate throttle valve allows for re ⁇ ducing the pressure from the level at which the heat— rejecting is performed to a level suitable for distributing the coolant to the evaporator throttle valve and particularly allows moving the supercritical condition of the refrigerant to a normal condition thereof.
  • the intermediate throttle valve causes a generation of flash gas in the receiver which should be removed.
  • a flash gas tapping line is connected to the receiver and comprises a pressure controlled discharge valve for tapping the flash gas for example to the suction line and finally to the compressor. The losses associated with this technique for removing flash gas from the receiver are relatively high.
  • this object is solved by having the flash gas tapping line connected to the compressor so that the flash gas as tapped from the receiver is supplied to the compressor. While with the conventional technique of supplying the flash gas of the receiver to the suction gas results in a substantial pressure reduction of the flash gas from the relatively high pressure level in the receiver to the relatively low pres ⁇ sure level in the suction line and the resulting losses, the present invention teaches to supply the flash gas directly to the compressor essentially at the same pressure level at which the flash gas is tapped from the receiver.
  • the compressor is either a separate compressor which only compresses the flash gas from its respective intermediate pressure to the high pressure of the refrig ⁇ erant flowing to the heat- rejecting heat exchanger, or a compressor which al ⁇ lows for supplying the flash gas at an intermediate pressure level between the suction gas low pressure level and the high pressure level so that the com- pressor may be switched between intermediate and low pressure level at its input.
  • the compressor may be of the type allowing for input at the intermediate and low pressure level at the same time.
  • the compressor may be of the type allowing for an output adjustment, i.e. an adjustment of the performance level of the compressor, for example by way of adjusting the ro ⁇ tational speed thereof, etc.
  • the refrigeration circuit may further comprise a control for adjusting the capacity of the compressor in accordance with the amount of flash gas in the receiver and/or as produced at the intermediate throttle valve.
  • the compressor can be operated very efficiently if its output or performance level is controlled so as to keep its power consumption as low as possible.
  • the refrigeration circuit may further comprise a receiver pressure sensor which can be located in the receiver.
  • a receiver pressure sensor can be connected to the control and the respective receiver pressure data can be used for determining the amount of flash gas and the output of the compressor, respectively.
  • the output adjustment can also be made on the basis of any other information like other measurement parameters or on the basis of a calculation of the amount of flash gas taking into account the characteristics of the refrigeration circuit, the refrig ⁇ erant, the throttles, the compressor, etc., and/or the environment. It is also possible to provide a means like a flash gas valve, etc. for blocking flow of flash gas from the receiver to the compressor or for example in case of low receiver pressure, low generation of flash gas, etc.
  • the flash gas tap ⁇ ping line can be in heat exchange relationship with the pressure line connecting the compressor to the heat- rejecting heat exchanger.
  • Such construction allows for superheating the flash gas before delivery to the compressor.
  • the presence of any liquid refrigerant in the flash gas can be omitted or at least substantially reduced.
  • the heat- rejecting heat exchanger is a gascooler. This is particularly true if a supercritical refriger ⁇ ant like CO 2 is used. In other embodiments the heat-rejecting heat exchanger may also be a condenser.
  • the compressor may be one compressor out of a plurality of compressors which can be ar ⁇ ranged in a compressor unit. Depending on the output requirement of the compressor unit all or only a number of individual compressors can operate between low and/or intermediate pressure level and high pressure level at a certain time.
  • the flash gas tap ⁇ ping line may comprise a flash gas valve for blocking the flow of flash gas to the compressor.
  • the refrigeration circuit may further comprise a suction line con ⁇ nected to the compressor and a suction gas valve within the suction line.
  • a conventional compressor operating between two pressure levels can be used alternatively for compressing flash gas and for compressing suction gas, respectively.
  • the compressor can be used as a conventional compressor for compressing the suction gas in the refrigeration circuit.
  • the compressor can be switched to the flash gas compression mode only if too much flash gas is pres ⁇ ent in the receiver.
  • the refrigeration circuit is operating in the supercritical condition, i.e. at a pressure above the critical pressure of the refrigerant, or in "normal" condition, i.e. at a pressure below the critical pressure of the refriger- 105 ant.
  • the generation of flash gas in the receiver is high in typical summer op ⁇ erational conditions with ambient temperatures of about 2O 0 C and low in winter operational conditions with temperatures of about O 0 C.
  • the flash gas valve and the suction gas valve allow for switching over between summer and winter mode. Such switching over can be performed manually or by means of a con- no trol, for example based on ambient temperature, etc.
  • the refrigeration circuit further comprises a flash gas branch line branching off from the flash gas tapping line, comprising a flash gas discharge valve and connecting to the suc-
  • the flash gas discharge valve can be pressure-regulated so as to al ⁇ low flowing of the flash gas directly to the suction line if the receiver pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • a compressor and/or flash gas valve will be controlled so as to supply flash gas to the compressor at a threshold value which is below the threshold value of the flash gas discharge
  • the present invention further relates to a refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigeration circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the refrigeration apparatus can be a refrigeration system for a supermarket, etc. for providing refrigeration to display cabinets, etc.
  • a refrigeration circuit 2 for circulating a refrigerant which consists of one or a plurality of components, and particularly CO2, in a prede ⁇ termined flow direction.
  • the refrigeration circuit can be used, for example, for supermarket or industrial refrigeration. In flow direction the refrigeration circuit
  • a heat- rejecting heat exchanger 4 which in the case of a super ⁇ critical fluid like CO 2 is a gascooler 4.
  • an in ⁇ termediate throttle valve 6 serves for reducing the high pressure as present in the gascooler 4 in use to a lower intermediate pressure.
  • a receiver 8 collects and stores the refrigerant for uo subsequent delivery to one or a plurality of evaporator throttle valves 10 of one or a plurality of refrigeration consumer(s).
  • any other expansion device known to the skilled person can be used.
  • flash gas gaseous refrigerant which is called "flash gas"
  • receiver 8 gaseous refrigerant which is called "flash gas"
  • flash gas gaseous refrigerant
  • the evaporator throttle valve 10 with the refrigeration consumer(s) 12 connects to an evaporator 14.
  • the liquid refrigerant is expanded and changes into a gaseous condition while it provides cooling.
  • the gaseous refrigerant then circulates through the suction line 16 to a compressor unit 18 comprising a plurality of compressors 20 and 22.
  • the compressor unit 160 18 is connected via high pressure line 24 to the gascooler 4, thus closing the main circuit.
  • the compressed refrigerant in high pressure line 24 is of relatively high pressure and high temperature.
  • 165 refrigeration circuit can be up to 120 bar and is typically approximately between 40 and 100 bar and preferably above 85 bar in the summer mode and between 40 and 70 bar and preferably approximately 45 bar in winter mode.
  • the inter ⁇ mediate pressure level is typically independent from summer and winter mode and between approximately 30 and 40 bar and preferably 36 bar. Also the
  • 170 pressure in the suction line is typically independent from the summer and the winter mode and typically between 25 and 30 bar and preferably 28 bar.
  • a flash gas tapping line 26 is connected to the receiver 8 and the input of com ⁇ pressor 20. Flash gas tapped from the receiver 8 is compressed by compressor
  • a control 28 can be provided for controlling compressor 20 based on the amount of flash gas as present in the receiver 8 or as generated at the intermediate throttle valve 6.
  • a pressure sensor 30 can be present in the receiver 8 with a sensor line 32 connecting the pressure sensor 30 with the control 28.
  • a signal line 34 is
  • a flash gas valve or stop valve 36 is provided in the flash gas tapping line 26 185 and a suction gas valve or stop valve 38 is provided in the suction line section 40 leading to the compressor 20.
  • the stop valve 36, 38 can be of any type of for example magnetic stop valves.
  • the stop valves 36, 38 are connected to control 28 and control 28 can cause closing of the flash gas valve 36 if there is only a relatively small amount of flash gas in receiver 8 or for winter mode operation.
  • 190 By alternatively switching the stop valves 36 and 38 it is possible to connect ei ⁇ ther the flash gas tapping line 26 or the suction line section 40 to the compres ⁇ sor 20, thus allowing for switching over between winter mode and summer mode.
  • the flash gas tapping line 26 is in heat exchange relationship with the pressure line 24 by means of an heat ex ⁇ changer 42.
  • the heat exchanger 42 superheats the flash gas in line 26 before delivery to compressor 20 in order to avoid delivery of liquified flash gas to compressor 20.
  • a flash gas branch line 44 branches off from the flash gas tap-
  • the flash gas branch line 44 com ⁇ prises a flash gas discharge valve 46, for example a pressure-regulated valve allowing for discharge of the flash gas to the suction line 16 if too much flash gas is generated for the compressor 20 to handle, or if the compressor 20 is not available for compressing flash gas.
  • a flash gas discharge valve 46 for example a pressure-regulated valve allowing for discharge of the flash gas to the suction line 16 if too much flash gas is generated for the compressor 20 to handle, or if the compressor 20 is not available for compressing flash gas.
  • a backup cooling circuit 48 comprising a backup heat— rejecting heat exchanger 50, a throttle valve 52, an evaporator/heat exchanger 54 and a compressor 56 is provided for cooling refrigerant in the receiver 8 in a backup mode, for example if the compressor unit 18 is shut down for maintenance reasons, etc. It is pre- 210 ferred to use the same refrigerant in the backup circuit 48 and in the refrigera ⁇ tion circuit 2. It is particularly preferred to use CO 2 as refrigerant in the backup circuit 48.
  • a self-cooling for the refrigerant is provided by means of the self- refrigeration circuit 58 comprising a self- refrigeration heat ex ⁇ changer 60, for example a plate heat exchanger, and a self- refrigeration branch line 62 leading to a throttle valve 64, through the self- refrigeration heat exchanger 60 and then through line 66 to suction line 16.
  • a self- refrigeration heat ex ⁇ changer 60 for example a plate heat exchanger
  • a self- refrigeration branch line 62 leading to a throttle valve 64

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Refrigeration circuit (2) for circulating a refrigerant in a predetermined flow di­rection, comprising in flow direction a heat rejecting heat exchanger (4), an in­termediate throttle valve (6), a receiver (8), an evaporator throttle valve (10), an evaporator (14) a compressor (20), and a flash gas tapping line (26) connected to the receiver (8), wherein the flash gas tapping line (26) being further con­nected to the compressor (20).

Description

FLASHGAS REMOVAL FROM A RECEIVER IN A REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT
The present invention relates to a refrigeration circuit for circulating a refriger¬ ant in a predetermined flow direction, comprising a heat- rejecting heat ex¬ changer, an intermediate expansion device or throttle valve, a receiver, an evaporator expansion device or throttle valve, an evaporator, a compressor, and a flash gas tapping line connected to the receiver, as well as a method for tapping flash gas from a receiver in such a refrigeration circuit.
Refrigeration circuits are known and particularly useful for supercritical refrig- erants like carbon dioxide, CO2. The intermediate throttle valve allows for re¬ ducing the pressure from the level at which the heat— rejecting is performed to a level suitable for distributing the coolant to the evaporator throttle valve and particularly allows moving the supercritical condition of the refrigerant to a normal condition thereof. The intermediate throttle valve, however, causes a generation of flash gas in the receiver which should be removed. Typically, a flash gas tapping line is connected to the receiver and comprises a pressure controlled discharge valve for tapping the flash gas for example to the suction line and finally to the compressor. The losses associated with this technique for removing flash gas from the receiver are relatively high.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a refrigeration circuit and a method for operating a refrigeration circuit of the type as described above where the receiver flash gas losses are substantially reduced.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention this object is solved by having the flash gas tapping line connected to the compressor so that the flash gas as tapped from the receiver is supplied to the compressor. While with the conventional technique of supplying the flash gas of the receiver to the suction gas results in a substantial pressure reduction of the flash gas from the relatively high pressure level in the receiver to the relatively low pres¬ sure level in the suction line and the resulting losses, the present invention teaches to supply the flash gas directly to the compressor essentially at the same pressure level at which the flash gas is tapped from the receiver. The compressor is either a separate compressor which only compresses the flash gas from its respective intermediate pressure to the high pressure of the refrig¬ erant flowing to the heat- rejecting heat exchanger, or a compressor which al¬ lows for supplying the flash gas at an intermediate pressure level between the suction gas low pressure level and the high pressure level so that the com- pressor may be switched between intermediate and low pressure level at its input. Alternatively, the compressor may be of the type allowing for input at the intermediate and low pressure level at the same time.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the compressor may be of the type allowing for an output adjustment, i.e. an adjustment of the performance level of the compressor, for example by way of adjusting the ro¬ tational speed thereof, etc. The refrigeration circuit may further comprise a control for adjusting the capacity of the compressor in accordance with the amount of flash gas in the receiver and/or as produced at the intermediate throttle valve. The compressor can be operated very efficiently if its output or performance level is controlled so as to keep its power consumption as low as possible.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the refrigeration circuit may further comprise a receiver pressure sensor which can be located in the receiver. Such receiver pressure sensor can be connected to the control and the respective receiver pressure data can be used for determining the amount of flash gas and the output of the compressor, respectively. The output adjustment can also be made on the basis of any other information like other measurement parameters or on the basis of a calculation of the amount of flash gas taking into account the characteristics of the refrigeration circuit, the refrig¬ erant, the throttles, the compressor, etc., and/or the environment. It is also possible to provide a means like a flash gas valve, etc. for blocking flow of flash gas from the receiver to the compressor or for example in case of low receiver pressure, low generation of flash gas, etc.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the flash gas tap¬ ping line can be in heat exchange relationship with the pressure line connecting the compressor to the heat- rejecting heat exchanger. Such construction allows for superheating the flash gas before delivery to the compressor. Thus, the presence of any liquid refrigerant in the flash gas can be omitted or at least substantially reduced.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the heat- rejecting heat exchanger is a gascooler. This is particularly true if a supercritical refriger¬ ant like CO2 is used. In other embodiments the heat-rejecting heat exchanger may also be a condenser.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the compressor may be one compressor out of a plurality of compressors which can be ar¬ ranged in a compressor unit. Depending on the output requirement of the compressor unit all or only a number of individual compressors can operate between low and/or intermediate pressure level and high pressure level at a certain time.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the flash gas tap¬ ping line may comprise a flash gas valve for blocking the flow of flash gas to the compressor. The refrigeration circuit may further comprise a suction line con¬ nected to the compressor and a suction gas valve within the suction line. With a flash gas valve and a suction gas valve, a conventional compressor operating between two pressure levels can be used alternatively for compressing flash gas and for compressing suction gas, respectively. I.e. in case of low generation of flash gas the compressor can be used as a conventional compressor for compressing the suction gas in the refrigeration circuit. The compressor can be switched to the flash gas compression mode only if too much flash gas is pres¬ ent in the receiver. Particularly if CO2 is used as refrigerant, depending on the ambient temperature the refrigeration circuit is operating in the supercritical condition, i.e. at a pressure above the critical pressure of the refrigerant, or in "normal" condition, i.e. at a pressure below the critical pressure of the refriger- 105 ant. The generation of flash gas in the receiver is high in typical summer op¬ erational conditions with ambient temperatures of about 2O0C and low in winter operational conditions with temperatures of about O0C. The flash gas valve and the suction gas valve allow for switching over between summer and winter mode. Such switching over can be performed manually or by means of a con- no trol, for example based on ambient temperature, etc.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the refrigeration circuit further comprises a flash gas branch line branching off from the flash gas tapping line, comprising a flash gas discharge valve and connecting to the suc-
115 tion line. The flash gas discharge valve can be pressure-regulated so as to al¬ low flowing of the flash gas directly to the suction line if the receiver pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Typically, a compressor and/or flash gas valve will be controlled so as to supply flash gas to the compressor at a threshold value which is below the threshold value of the flash gas discharge
120 valve so that in normal winter mode flash gas is supplied to the compressor but not through the flash gas discharge valve to the suction line.
The present invention further relates to a refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigeration circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 125 The refrigeration apparatus can be a refrigeration system for a supermarket, etc. for providing refrigeration to display cabinets, etc.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in greater detail below with reference to the Figures, wherein the only Figure shows a refrigeration circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
130
In the Figure a refrigeration circuit 2 is shown for circulating a refrigerant which consists of one or a plurality of components, and particularly CO2, in a prede¬ termined flow direction. The refrigeration circuit can be used, for example, for supermarket or industrial refrigeration. In flow direction the refrigeration circuit
135 2 comprises a heat- rejecting heat exchanger 4 which in the case of a super¬ critical fluid like CO2 is a gascooler 4. Subsequent to the heat exchanger an in¬ termediate throttle valve 6 serves for reducing the high pressure as present in the gascooler 4 in use to a lower intermediate pressure. Subsequent to the in¬ termediate throttle valve 6 a receiver 8 collects and stores the refrigerant for uo subsequent delivery to one or a plurality of evaporator throttle valves 10 of one or a plurality of refrigeration consumer(s). Instead of the intermediate and/or the evaporator throttle valve 6, 10 any other expansion device known to the skilled person can be used.
us Dependent on the refrigerant and the operational conditions, additional to liquid refrigerant more or less gaseous refrigerant which is called "flash gas" is present in receiver 8. In case of a CO2 refrigeration circuit, which will mainly be dis¬ cussed in the description of a preferred embodiment, it can be said that only a reduced volume of flash gas is present if the gascooler 4 operates at ambient
150 conditions with temperatures in the range of 0°C while a substantial amount of flash gas will be present if the refrigeration circuit operates at ambient tem¬ perature of 200C or more. Thus it can be said that there is a distinct difference in the working conditions between "summer mode" and "winter mode".
155 The evaporator throttle valve 10 with the refrigeration consumer(s) 12 connects to an evaporator 14. In the refrigeration consumer(s) 12 the liquid refrigerant is expanded and changes into a gaseous condition while it provides cooling. The gaseous refrigerant then circulates through the suction line 16 to a compressor unit 18 comprising a plurality of compressors 20 and 22. The compressor unit 160 18 is connected via high pressure line 24 to the gascooler 4, thus closing the main circuit.
In operation the compressed refrigerant in high pressure line 24 is of relatively high pressure and high temperature. The high pressure level in a typical CO2
165 refrigeration circuit can be up to 120 bar and is typically approximately between 40 and 100 bar and preferably above 85 bar in the summer mode and between 40 and 70 bar and preferably approximately 45 bar in winter mode. The inter¬ mediate pressure level is typically independent from summer and winter mode and between approximately 30 and 40 bar and preferably 36 bar. Also the
170 pressure in the suction line is typically independent from the summer and the winter mode and typically between 25 and 30 bar and preferably 28 bar.
A flash gas tapping line 26 is connected to the receiver 8 and the input of com¬ pressor 20. Flash gas tapped from the receiver 8 is compressed by compressor
175 20 from the intermediate pressure level up to the high pressure level. A control 28 can be provided for controlling compressor 20 based on the amount of flash gas as present in the receiver 8 or as generated at the intermediate throttle valve 6. A pressure sensor 30 can be present in the receiver 8 with a sensor line 32 connecting the pressure sensor 30 with the control 28. A signal line 34 is
180 connecting the controller 28 to the compressor 20 and allows the control of the compressor output for example by adjusting the rotational speed, etc. of the compressor 20 on the basis of the amount of flash gas.
A flash gas valve or stop valve 36 is provided in the flash gas tapping line 26 185 and a suction gas valve or stop valve 38 is provided in the suction line section 40 leading to the compressor 20. The stop valve 36, 38 can be of any type of for example magnetic stop valves. The stop valves 36, 38 are connected to control 28 and control 28 can cause closing of the flash gas valve 36 if there is only a relatively small amount of flash gas in receiver 8 or for winter mode operation. 190 By alternatively switching the stop valves 36 and 38 it is possible to connect ei¬ ther the flash gas tapping line 26 or the suction line section 40 to the compres¬ sor 20, thus allowing for switching over between winter mode and summer mode. 195 In the embodiment as shown in the Figure the flash gas tapping line 26 is in heat exchange relationship with the pressure line 24 by means of an heat ex¬ changer 42. The heat exchanger 42 superheats the flash gas in line 26 before delivery to compressor 20 in order to avoid delivery of liquified flash gas to compressor 20. A flash gas branch line 44 branches off from the flash gas tap-
200 ping line 26 and connects to suction line 16. The flash gas branch line 44 com¬ prises a flash gas discharge valve 46, for example a pressure-regulated valve allowing for discharge of the flash gas to the suction line 16 if too much flash gas is generated for the compressor 20 to handle, or if the compressor 20 is not available for compressing flash gas.
205
A backup cooling circuit 48 comprising a backup heat— rejecting heat exchanger 50, a throttle valve 52, an evaporator/heat exchanger 54 and a compressor 56 is provided for cooling refrigerant in the receiver 8 in a backup mode, for example if the compressor unit 18 is shut down for maintenance reasons, etc. It is pre- 210 ferred to use the same refrigerant in the backup circuit 48 and in the refrigera¬ tion circuit 2. It is particularly preferred to use CO2 as refrigerant in the backup circuit 48.
In order to ensure the supply of substantially gas-free refrigerant to the refrig- 215 eration consumer(s) 12, a self-cooling for the refrigerant is provided by means of the self- refrigeration circuit 58 comprising a self- refrigeration heat ex¬ changer 60, for example a plate heat exchanger, and a self- refrigeration branch line 62 leading to a throttle valve 64, through the self- refrigeration heat exchanger 60 and then through line 66 to suction line 16. 220

Claims

225 CLAIMS
1. Refrigeration circuit (2) for circulating a refrigerant in a predetermined flow direction, comprising in flow direction a heat rejecting heat exchanger (4), 230 an intermediate expansion device (6), a receiver (8), an evaporator expan¬ sion device (10), an evaporator (14) a compressor (20), and a flash gas tap¬ ping line (26) connected to the receiver (8), the flash gas tapping line (26) being further connected to the compressor (20).
235 2. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to claim 1 wherein the compressor (20) is of the type allowing for output adjustment, and further comprising a control (28) adjusting the capacity of the compressor (20) in accordance with the amount of flash gas.
240 3. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a re¬ ceiver pressure sensor (30).
4. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flash gas tapping line (26) is in heat exchange relationship with the pressure line
245 (24) connecting the compressor (20) to the heat rejecting heat exchanger
(4).
5. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat rejecting heat exchanger is a gascooler (4).
250
6. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the com¬ pressor (20) is one of a plurality of compressors (20, 22) in a compressor unit (18).
255 7. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the flash gas tapping line (26) comprises a flash gas valve (36).
8. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a suction gas valve (38) in a suction line (40) to the compressor (20).
260
9. Refrigeration circuit (2) according to any of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a flash gas branch line (44) branching from the flash gas tapping line (26), comprising a flash gas discharge valve (46) and connecting to the suction line.
265
10. Refrigeration apparatus comprising a refrigeration circuit (2) in accordance with any of claims 1 to 9.
11. Method for operating a refrigeration circuit for circulating a refrigerant in a 270 predetermined flow direction, comprising in flow direction a heat rejecting heat exchanger (4), an intermediate expansion device (6), a receiver (8), an evaporator expansion means (10), an evaporator (14) and a compressor (20), the method comprising the following steps:
275 (a) tapping flash gas from the receiver (8); and
(b) supplying the tapped flash gas to the compressor (20).
12. Method according to claim 1 1, further including the step
280 (c) adjusting the output of the compressor (20) in accordance with the amount of flash gas.
13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, further including the step of measuring the receiver pressure.
285
14. Method according to any of claims 11 to 13, further including the step of superheating the flash gas in advance of step (b).
15. Method according to any of claims 1 1 to 16, further comprising in advance 290 of performing steps (a) and (b) a step
(d) deciding on the basis of operational conditions of the refrigeration cir¬ cuit (2) as to whether to perform steps (a) and (b).
295 16. Method in accordance with claim 15, comprising a step of supplying suction gas instead of supplying tap gas to the compressor (20).
PCT/EP2005/001724 2004-08-09 2005-02-18 Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit WO2006015629A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK05715407.2T DK1782001T3 (en) 2004-08-09 2005-02-18 FLASH GAS REMOVAL FROM A RECEIVER IN A COOLING CIRCUIT
US11/659,923 US20080196420A1 (en) 2004-08-09 2005-02-18 Flashgas Removal From a Receiver in a Refrigeration Circuit
PCT/EP2005/001724 WO2006015629A1 (en) 2004-08-09 2005-02-18 Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit
EP05715407.2A EP1782001B1 (en) 2004-08-09 2005-02-18 Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit
NO20071229A NO343330B1 (en) 2004-08-09 2007-03-06 Evaporative gas removal from a receiver in a cooling circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004038640A DE102004038640A1 (en) 2004-08-09 2004-08-09 Refrigeration circuit and method for operating a refrigeration cycle
DE102004038640.4 2004-08-09
PCT/EP2005/001724 WO2006015629A1 (en) 2004-08-09 2005-02-18 Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit

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WO2010003590A3 (en) * 2008-07-07 2010-07-29 Carrier Corporation Refrigeration circuit
EP2992275B1 (en) * 2013-05-02 2021-12-01 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. System comprising first and second compressors
EP3023712A1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-25 Danfoss A/S A method for controlling a vapour compression system with a receiver
WO2016078824A1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-26 Danfoss A/S A method for operating a vapour compression system with a receiver
US10941964B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2021-03-09 Danfoss A/S Method for operating a vapour compression system with a receiver
US11585608B2 (en) 2018-02-05 2023-02-21 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Climate-control system having thermal storage tank
US11149971B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2021-10-19 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Climate-control system with thermal storage device
US11346583B2 (en) 2018-06-27 2022-05-31 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Climate-control system having vapor-injection compressors
US11920842B2 (en) 2018-09-25 2024-03-05 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling a vapour compression system based on estimated flow
US11959676B2 (en) 2018-09-25 2024-04-16 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling a vapour compression system at a reduced suction pressure

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