WO2006073177A1 - 遮熱性および光透過性を有するネット状資材 - Google Patents
遮熱性および光透過性を有するネット状資材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006073177A1 WO2006073177A1 PCT/JP2006/300084 JP2006300084W WO2006073177A1 WO 2006073177 A1 WO2006073177 A1 WO 2006073177A1 JP 2006300084 W JP2006300084 W JP 2006300084W WO 2006073177 A1 WO2006073177 A1 WO 2006073177A1
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- Prior art keywords
- net
- particles
- uniaxially stretched
- resin
- film
- Prior art date
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a net-like material having a heat shielding property and a light transmitting property.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 333978 discloses a light-transmitting heat-shielding sheet in which aluminum is vapor-deposited on a base material having a polyester film force.
- Japanese Patent No. 2619313 discloses a thermal barrier coating material in which an aluminum layer or biotite layer and a titanium dioxide layer are sequentially laminated on the surface of a nonwoven fabric.
- the nonwoven fabric is obtained by laminating and bonding split fiber webs made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin having a hydroxy group so as to cross each other.
- Each layer laminated on the surface of the non-woven fabric is obtained by immersing the non-woven fabric in an aluminum powder or biotite powder-containing hydrophilic synthetic resin solution, followed by heating and drying, and then a titanium dioxide powder-containing hydrophilic synthetic resin solution. It is formed by squeezing and heating and drying.
- Japanese Patent No. 3268738 discloses a heat-shielding sheet comprising a plastic sheet having a heat-shielding region containing an iris pearl pigment in which mica is coated with titanium dioxide dioxide in a thin film shape. Is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent No. 3069776 discloses a light shielding material in which a synthetic resin binder in which a white pigment having a high refractive index is dispersed is coated on at least one surface of a nonwoven fabric.
- a sheet deposited with aluminum, or a sheet using aluminum powder or biotite powder is shielded from heat by shielding light, and thus is not suitable for applications requiring light.
- a sheet using titanium dioxide powder or a sheet using a pigment has higher light transmittance than the above sheet, but it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory heat shielding effect.
- the amount of titanium dioxide powder or pigment added should be increased. But these When the amount of addition is increased, the light transmittance is lowered. When the pigment is coated, there is a problem that the pigment is easily peeled off.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a net-like material having excellent heat shielding properties while transmitting light.
- the inventors of the present invention have shown that the light-reflected particles reflect light with a wavelength twice as large as the particle diameter most efficiently, and that the temperature rise due to light emission is not visible light but infrared light. We focused on the large influence.
- the inventors of the present invention have repeatedly studied using the average particle size and particle size distribution of the particles as variables. As a result, by setting the particle size, particle size distribution, and addition amount of the particles added to the resin that is the base of the material to an appropriate range, it is possible to obtain an excellent heat shielding effect while transmitting light.
- the headline and the present invention were completed.
- the net-like material of the present invention has a base resin and particles added to the resin.
- the particles have an average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m or more and a ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.4 ⁇ m or more is 0.5 to 3% per 100 parts by mass of the resin. Added to the resin in the range of parts by mass.
- the form of the net-like material of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a sheet obtained by stretching a film made of a resin containing the above particles in one direction and laminating a plurality of net-like films so that the stretching directions are orthogonal to each other A plurality of tapes or yarns made of a resin-containing particle and stretched in one direction can be combined into a sheet in which the stretching directions are orthogonal to each other.
- the material of the particles added to the fat is not particularly limited.
- the net-like material of the present invention infrared rays are effectively reflected without suppressing visible light transmission.
- the net-like material of the present invention is excellent in light transmittance and heat shielding properties. ing.
- Such a net-like material can be preferably used particularly for agricultural applications that require heat shielding while providing light to the crop in the crop growing stage.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a net-like material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a partial perspective view of a uniaxially stretched split fiber film used for the net-like material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged perspective view of a portion where the uniaxially stretched split fiber film shown in FIG. 2A is broken.
- FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a raw film used for producing the uniaxially stretched split fiber film shown in FIG. 2A in a state where slits are inserted.
- FIG. 4A is a partial perspective view of a uniaxially stretched slit film applicable to the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged perspective view of a portion where the uniaxially stretched slit film shown in FIG. 4A is broken.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of another form of the net-like material of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the net-like material of the present invention.
- a net-like material 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in which two uniaxially stretched split fiber films 21 are laminated with their stretching directions being perpendicular to each other.
- the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 is stretched in one direction and has a net-like structure, so that it has a high tensile strength in the stretch direction with a small amount of material. Therefore, by laminating the two uniaxially stretched split fiber films 21 with their stretching directions orthogonal to each other, the net-like material 2 is excellent in strength balance in directions orthogonal to each other (for example, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction).
- the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 is made of a resin added with particles.
- the particles added to the resin have an average particle size of 0.8 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.9 ⁇ m or more, and a particle size
- the ratio of particles with a diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m or more is 90% or more.
- the light having a specific wavelength is reflected and scattered according to the particle diameter of the particles.
- the light that is most easily reflected and scattered is light having a wavelength twice that of the particle size. Since the wavelength of infrared rays is 0.8 ⁇ m or more, by making the net-like material 2 based on the resin added with a larger percentage of particles having a particle size of 0.4 ⁇ m or more, The net-like material 2 can effectively reflect and scatter particularly the infrared ray of the incident light.
- the amount of particles added to the base resin of the net-like material 2 is 0.5 to 3 parts by mass, preferably 0.7 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the resin. If the amount of particles added is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the light transmission is improved, but it is difficult to obtain a sufficient heat shielding property. On the other hand, when the added amount of particles exceeds 3 parts by mass, the heat shielding property is improved, but the light transmittance is deteriorated.
- the resin added with particles as described above By using the resin added with particles as described above, the infrared rays are effectively reflected without suppressing the visible light transmittance, and as a result, the net is excellent in light transmittance and heat shielding properties.
- State material 2 can be used.
- the material of the particles to be added is not limited. Of course, because it is net-shaped, it has excellent breathability.
- a conventional heat shielding material is one that shields light from heat.
- the net-like material 2 according to the present invention has an unprecedented function of shielding heat while transmitting light.
- Such a net-like material 2 can be preferably used particularly for agricultural applications.
- the net-like material 2 When the net-like material 2 is used for agricultural purposes, it can be used in the growing stage of crops when it is necessary to shield the heat. I can do it. Plateau vegetables have been cultivated in high altitude areas because they are vulnerable to high temperatures. Therefore, using the net-like material 2 enables cultivation in a lower area. Even if the net-like material 2 is covered around the house, the light transmittance is high, so that the inside of the house is not darkened and does not hinder the work.
- the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 has a second heat having a melting point lower than that of the first thermoplastic resin on both surfaces of the layer 21a made of the first thermoplastic resin. It has a layer structure in which 2 lb of a layer that also has plastic repellency is laminated.
- the fiber film 21 is composed of a plurality of trunk fibers 23 extending in parallel to each other and branch fibers 24 extending so as to intersect the trunk fibers 23 and connecting the adjacent trunk fibers 23. As described above, particles are contained in at least one of the layers 21a and 21b.
- the mechanical strength of the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 in which the branch fibers 24 are thinner than the trunk fibers 23 is mainly given by the trunk fibers 23.
- the thickness of the layer 21b made of the second thermoplastic resin is 50% or less, desirably 40% or less, of the total thickness of the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21.
- the thickness of the layer 21b made of the second thermoplastic resin may be 5 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ : LOO ⁇ m range force is selected.
- Examples of the method for producing the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 include the following methods.
- thermoplastic resin layer 21a 2 lb of a second thermoplastic resin layer is laminated on both sides of the first thermoplastic resin layer 21a by extrusion molding such as a multilayer inflation method or a multilayer T-die method.
- extrusion molding such as a multilayer inflation method or a multilayer T-die method.
- the original film is stretched in the vertical direction (L direction shown in FIG. 3), and as shown in FIG. 3, a large number of parallel slits 20a are formed on the original film 20 in a staggered pattern in the vertical direction.
- the slit 20a can be formed by splitting the original fabric film 20 using a splitter, or by subjecting the original film 20 to slit processing using a hot blade.
- the original fabric film 20 on which the slit 20a is formed is widened in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the slit 20a.
- a uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 in which the trunk fibers 23 are arranged substantially in the longitudinal direction is obtained.
- the draw ratio is preferably from 1 to 15 times, more preferably from 3 to: LO times.
- the mechanical strength may not be sufficient.
- the draw ratio exceeds 15 times, problems such as the need for an expensive apparatus that is difficult to draw by a normal method arise.
- the stretching is preferably performed in multiple stages in order to prevent stretching unevenness.
- Two uniaxially stretched split fiber films 21 produced as described above are overlapped so that the trunk fibers 23 are perpendicular to each other, and these are heated and fused, as shown in FIG. Like A cup-shaped material 2 is obtained.
- the heat fusion is performed while supplying two superposed uniaxially stretched split fiber films 21 between a pair of opposed heating cylinders and fixing them so as not to shrink in the width direction. Further, the temperature of the heat fusion is not higher than the melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin so that the effect of extending the layer 21a made of the first thermoplastic resin is not lost.
- the temperature should be equal to or higher than the melting point of the resin.
- the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 has been described as an example of a material suitably used for the net-like material 2.
- a film having a structure similar to the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 there is a uniaxially stretched slit film.
- This uniaxially stretched slit film can also be preferably used in the present invention.
- the uniaxially stretched slit film will be described below.
- FIG. 4A shows a uniaxially stretched slit film 25 preferably used in the present invention.
- the uniaxially stretched slit film 25 can also create a raw film force having the same structure as that used to produce the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 shown in FIG. 2A. That is, as shown in FIG. 4B, the uniaxially stretched slit film 25 has a layer 25a made of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point lower than that of the first thermoplastic resin laminated on both surfaces thereof. And a layer 25b made of a second thermoplastic resin. Then, the raw film is split or slitted in a zigzag manner in the horizontal direction (the direction indicated by the arrow T in FIG.
- the longitudinal direction of the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 shown in FIG. 2A and the uniaxially stretched slit film 25 shown in FIG. 4A are matched. Laminate.
- the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 and the uniaxially stretched slit film 21 Lum 25 can be continuously supplied as it is, and both can be heat-sealed into a seamless net-like material.
- the net-like material is formed by laminating the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 and the uniaxially stretched slit film 25, the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 and the uniaxially stretched slit film 25 are prepared in advance, and these are rolled. In addition, it is possible to laminate while extending the state force. Alternatively, only one of the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 and the uniaxially stretched slit film 25 may be prepared in advance and supplied to the other production line to laminate them. According to the latter method, the manufacturing process of the net-like material can be simplified, and the net-like material can be provided at a lower cost.
- the film itself has a net-like structure.
- the film itself is formed into a net shape by combining a uniaxially stretched tape made of a thermoplastic resin, or drawn by spinning from a thermoplastic resin.
- the yarn can also be combined into a net shape.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show net-like materials 27 and 29 using a uniaxially stretched multilayer tape 28. These net-like materials 27 and 29 are 1.1 to 15 times, preferably 3 to 10 times, the same raw film used for producing the uniaxially stretched split fiber film 21 shown in FIG. 2A. After stretching, the uniaxially stretched multi-layer tape force is cut along the stretching direction to a width of 2-7mm. The raw film may be cut before stretching.
- a plurality of uniaxially stretched multilayer tapes 28 are arranged in parallel at regular intervals, and are laminated in two layers so that the longitudinal directions of the uniaxially stretched multilayer tapes 28 are orthogonal to each other. Is.
- the net-like material 29 shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by weaving the uniaxially stretched multilayer tape 28 vertically and horizontally.
- the present invention is preferred, and the power described by taking the embodiment as an example.
- the shaped material contains the above-mentioned fine particles having a predetermined particle diameter in a base resin in a predetermined ratio and is made into a net shape
- the structure and the mesh shape are arbitrary.
- the base fat is not particularly limited.
- the resin used as the base of the net-like material of the present invention include polyester resin, polyamide resin, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, etc., alone or in combination of two or more. .
- additives such as antioxidants, weathering agents, lubricants, antiblocking agents, flame retardants, nucleating agents, and antistatic agents are required as long as the performance of the net-like material is not impaired. Depending on the situation, it may be added.
- the net-like material of the present invention is used for various purposes such as packaging materials such as fruits and vegetables, heat shielding materials for automobiles, outdoor materials such as tents and sheets, in addition to agricultural applications. It can be done.
- titanium oxide was used as particles to be added to the base resin.
- the average particle diameter of titanium oxide and the proportion of particles having a particle diameter of 0.4 m or more were prepared as shown in Table 1, and were designated as Particle A-1, Particle A-2, and Comparative Particles 1-4.
- a net-like material was prepared by adding the above-mentioned particles to this polyethylene by a predetermined addition amount (expressed in mass% with respect to the base resin).
- Examples 1-4 Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were used (see Table 2).
- the form of the net-like material is shown in Fig. 1. It is assumed that the uniaxially stretched smooth fiber film 21 is laminated in two layers, and the specific specification is that of Nisseki Rif (registered trademark), a split fiber nonwoven fabric manufactured by Nippon Oil Plast Co., Ltd. According to Grade EX24.
- the illuminance was measured when a net-like material was inserted between the illumination light source and the illuminometer and when it was not.
- the ratio of the illuminance when the net-like material was inserted to the illuminance when the net-like material was not inserted was expressed as light transmittance. The higher this ratio, that is, the smaller the difference in illuminance with and without the net-like material, the better the light transmission.
- a white halogen lamp with an illuminance of 2000 Lx was used as the light source of the lighting device.
- Table 2 shows the types of additive particles, the addition amount, and the evaluation results for Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
- Comparative Example 1 uses the same additive particles as in Examples 1 to 3, and the amount of addition is too small. In contrast to Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 has too much added calorie, and therefore has poor light transmission. In Comparative Examples 3 to 5, since the particle size of the added particles is too small and the proportion of particles having a particle size of 0.4 m or more is too small, at least one of the heat shielding property and the light transmitting property even if the addition amount is changed. Was inferior. In Comparative Example 6, the particle size of the additive particles is larger than that of Comparative Example 5 and the proportion of particles of 0.4 m or more is large, but the heat shielding property and light transmittance are still insufficient.
- Comparative Example 7 the particle size of the additive particles is too small and the heat shielding property is poor.
- Comparative Example 8 the proportion of particles having a particle size of 0.4 m or more is too small, and the light transmittance is inferior. Furthermore, when compared with the case where the addition amount is 1.2% by mass, Comparative Examples 5 to 8 are inferior in both heat shielding properties and light transmittance as compared with Examples 2 and 4.
- the addition amount is 1.2% by mass
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Abstract
光を透過しながらも遮熱性に優れたネット状資材を提供する。
ネット状資材2は、2枚の一軸延伸割繊維フィルム21を、その延伸方向が互いに直交するように積層して構成される。一軸延伸割繊維フィルム21のベースとなる樹脂には、粒子が添加されている。粒子は、平均粒径が0.8μm以上、かつ粒径が0.4μm以上の粒子の割合が90%以上となるように、樹脂の100質量部あたり0.5~3質量部の範囲で樹脂に添加されている。
Description
明 細 書
遮熱性および光透過性を有するネット状資材
技術分野
[0001] 本発明は、遮熱性および光透過性を有するネット状資材に関する。
背景技術
[0002] 農作物の育成には、光、温度、水分、通気などの環境が大きく影響することは知ら れている。これまでに、光や熱の透過性を抑制したいわゆる遮光遮熱資材が開発さ れてきており、農作物の育成に大きく貢献している。
[0003] 例えば、特開平 11 333978号公報には、ポリエステルフィルム力もなる基材に、 アルミニウムを蒸着した透光遮熱シートが開示されている。特許第 2619313号明細 書には、不織布の表面に、アルミニウム層または黒雲母層、および二酸化チタン層を 順次積層した遮熱用被覆材が開示されている。不織布は、ヒドロキシ基を有する熱可 塑性合成樹脂からなるスプリット繊維ウェブを経緯交差するように積層および接着し たものである。不織布の表面に積層される各層は、不織布を、アルミニウム粉末また は黒雲母粉末配合親水性合成樹脂液に浸潰した後、加熱乾燥し、次いで、二酸ィ匕 チタン粉末配合親水性合成樹脂液に浸潰し、加熱乾燥することにより形成される。特 許第 3268738号明細書には、雲母の表面に二酸ィ匕チタンを薄膜状にコーティング した虹彩色パール顔料を含有する遮熱領域を、全面または部分的に有するプラスチ ックシートからなる遮熱シートが開示されている。特許第 3069776号明細書には、不 織布の少なくとも片面に、屈折率の高い白色顔料を分散した合成樹脂バインダーを コーティングした遮光資材が開示されている。
発明の開示
[0004] し力しながら、アルミニウムを蒸着したシートや、アルミニウム粉末、黒雲母粉末を用 いたシートは、遮光することによって遮熱するので、光を必要とする用途には適さない 。一方、二酸ィ匕チタン粉末を用いたシートや顔料を用いたシートは、上記のシートと 比較して光の透過性は高いが、満足な遮熱効果が得られにくい。十分な遮熱効果を 得るためには、二酸化チタン粉末や顔料の添加量を多くすればよい。しかし、これら
の添加量を多くすると、光の透過性が低下してしまう。顔料をコーティングした場合は 、顔料が剥がれ易いという問題も生じる。
[0005] 特に、農作物の育成用のハウスに遮熱シートを利用する場合、育成中の農作物に とって、遮熱が必要な時期であっても光は必要である。また、ハウスの中が暗くなると ノ、ウス内での作業がしに《なる。したがって、遮熱性を有しながらも光(可視光)の透 過性は必要である。
[0006] 本発明は上記のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、光を透過しながらも遮熱 性に優れたネット状資材を提供することを目的とする。
[0007] 本発明者らは、光があたった粒子は、その粒径の 2倍の波長の光を最も効率よく反 射すること、および光の放射による温度上昇には可視光ではなく赤外線が大きく影響 していることに着目した。そして、本発明者らは、粒子の平均粒径と粒径分布を変数 として検討を重ねてきた。その結果、資材のベースとなる樹脂に添加する粒子の粒径 、粒径分布、および添加量を適切な範囲に設定することで、光を透過しながらも優れ た遮熱効果が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
[0008] すなわち、本発明のネット状資材は、ベースとなる樹脂と、榭脂に添加された粒子と 、を有している。粒子は、平均粒径が 0. 8 μ m以上で、かつ粒径が 0. 4 μ m以上の 粒子の割合が 90%以上となるように、榭脂の 100質量部あたり 0. 5〜3質量部の範 囲で榭脂に添加されて 、る。
[0009] 粒子を上記のように添加することで、入射する光の中でも、可視光の透過性は低下 させず、特に赤外線のみが効果的に遮断される。
[0010] 本発明のネット状資材の形態は特に限定されない。例えば、上記の粒子を含有し た榭脂から作られたフィルムを一方向に延伸し、かつネット状とした複数のネット状フ イルムを、延伸方向が互いに直交するように積層したシートや、上記粒子を含有した 榭脂から作られて一方向に延伸された複数のテープまたは複数のヤーンを、延伸方 向が互いに直交するように組み合わせたシートとすることができる。また、榭脂に添カロ する粒子の材質も特に限定されな 、。
[0011] 本発明のネット状資材によれば、可視光の透過性を抑制することなく赤外線を効果 的に反射する。結果的に、本発明のネット状資材は、光透過性および遮熱性に優れ
ている。このようなネット状資材は、特に、作物の育成段階において光を作物に与え ながら遮熱を必要とする農業用途に好ましく用いることができる。
図面の簡単な説明
[0012] [図 1]本発明の一実施形態によるネット状資材の平面図である。
[図 2A]図 1に示すネット状資材に用いられる一軸延伸割繊維フィルムの部分斜視図 である。
[図 2B]図 2Aに示す一軸延伸割繊維フィルムを破断した部分の拡大斜視図である。
[図 3]図 2Aに示す一軸延伸割繊維フィルムを製造するのに用いられる原反フィルム の、スリットを入れた状態での部分斜視図である。
[図 4A]本発明に適用可能な一軸延伸スリットフィルムの部分斜視図である。
[図 4B]図 4Aに示す一軸延伸スリットフィルムを破断した部分の拡大斜視図である。
[図 5]本発明のネット状資材の他の形態の平面図である。
[図 6]本発明のネット状資材のさらに他の形態の斜視図である。
符号の説明
[0013] 2, 27, 29 ネット状資材
21 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム
25 一軸延伸スリットフィルム
28 一軸延伸多層テープ
発明を実施するための最良の形態
[0014] 図 1を参照すると、 2枚の一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21を、その延伸方向を互いに直 交させて積層した、本発明の一実施形態によるネット状資材 2が示されている。一軸 延伸割繊維フィルム 21は、一方向に延伸されており、し力もネット状の構造を有して いるので、少ない量の材料で延伸方向に高い引張強度を有している。したがって、 2 枚の一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21をその延伸方向を直交させて積層することで、ネット 状資材 2は、互いに直交する方向(例えば縦方向と横方向)の強度バランスに優れて いる。
[0015] 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21は、粒子を添加した榭脂から作られる。榭脂に添加さ れる粒子は、平均粒径が 0. 8 μ m以上、好ましくは 0. 9 μ m以上であり、かつ、粒径
が 0. 4 μ m以上の粒子の割合が 90%以上である。
[0016] 光が粒子に照射されると、照射された光のうち、粒子の粒径に応じて特定の波長の 光が反射'散乱する。最も反射 ·散乱されやすいのは、粒子の粒径の 2倍の波長の光 である。赤外線の波長は 0. 8 μ m以上であるので、粒径が 0. 4 μ m以上の粒子の割 合を多くして粒子を添加した榭脂をベースとしてネット状資材 2を作製することにより、 ネット状資材 2は、入射した光のうち特に赤外線を効果的に反射 *散乱させることがで きる。
[0017] ネット状資材 2のベースとなる榭脂に対する粒子の添加量は、榭脂 100質量部当た り 0. 5〜3質量部、好ましくは 0. 7〜3質量部である。粒子の添加量が 0. 5質量部未 満であると、光透過性は向上するが、十分な遮熱性が得られ難くなる。一方、粒子の 添加量が 3質量部を超えると、遮熱性は向上するが、光透過性が悪くなる。
[0018] 以上のように粒子を添加した榭脂を用いることで、可視光の透過性を抑制すること なく赤外線を効果的に反射し、結果的に、光透過性および遮熱性に優れたネット状 資材 2とすることができる。添加する粒子の材質は問わない。もちろん、ネット状である ので、通気性にも優れている。
[0019] 従来の遮熱資材は、光を遮って遮熱するものであった。これに対して本発明による ネット状資材 2は、光を透過しながら遮熱するという、今までにない機能を持つもので ある。このようなネット状資材 2は、特に農業用途に好ましく用いることができる。ネット 状資材 2を農業用途に用いた場合、作物の育成段階で、遮熱が必要な時期に使用 することで、必要な光を作物に与えながら遮熱ができるので、効率よく作物を育成で きるようになる。また、高原野菜は高温に弱い作物であるがゆえに、標高が高い地域 で栽培がなされてきた。そこで、ネット状資材 2を用いることで、より低地での栽培が可 能となる。また、ハウスの周りにこのネット状資材 2を被せたとしても、光透過率が高い のでハウスの中が暗くならず、作業の妨げになることはない。
[0020] 次に、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21について説明する。
[0021] 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21は、図 2Bに示すように、第 1の熱可塑性榭脂からなる 層 21aの両面に、第 1の熱可塑性榭脂よりも低い融点を有する第 2の熱可塑性榭脂 力もなる層 2 lbを積層した層構成を有している。図 2Aに示すように、一軸延伸割繊
維フィルム 21は、互いに平行に延びた複数の幹繊維 23と、幹繊維 23に対して交差 して延び、隣接する幹繊維 23同士を繋ぐ枝繊維 24とで構成される。各層 21a、 21b の少なくとも一方には前述したように粒子が含有されている。枝繊維 24は幹繊維 23 と比べて細ぐ一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21の機械的強度は、主として幹繊維 23によ つて与えられる。
[0022] 第 2の熱可塑性榭脂からなる層 21bの厚みは、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21全体の 厚みの 50%以下、望ましくは 40%以下である。一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21の熱圧 着時の接着強度等の諸物性を満足させるためには、第 2の熱可塑性榭脂からなる層 21bの厚みは 5 μ m以上であればよいが、好ましくは 10〜: LOO μ mの範囲力 選択 される。
[0023] 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21の製造方法としては、例えば、以下に示すような方法 が挙げられる。
[0024] まず、多層インフレーション法あるいは多層 Tダイ法などの押出成形により、第 1の 熱可塑性榭脂からなる層 21 aの両面に第 2の熱可塑性榭脂からなる層 2 lbが積層さ れた 3層構造の原反フィルムを製造する。次いで、この原反フィルムを縦方向(図 3に 示す L方向)に延伸し、図 3に示すように、原反フィルム 20に、縦方向に千鳥掛けに、 多数の平行なスリット 20aを形成する。スリット 20aは、スプリツターを用いて原反フィル ム 20を割繊 (スプリット処理)する力、または熱刃を用いて原反フィルム 20にスリット処 理を施すことによって形成することができる。次いで、スリット 20aを形成した原反フィ ルム 20を、スリット 20aの方向と直交する方向に拡幅する。これにより、図 2Aに示すよ うな、幹繊維 23がほぼ縦方向に配列された一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21が得られる。
[0025] 延伸倍率 (配向倍率)は、 1. 1〜15倍が好ましぐより好ましくは 3〜: LO倍である。
延伸倍率が 1. 1倍未満では、機械的強度が十分でなくなるおそれがある。一方、延 伸倍率が 15倍を超えると、通常の方法で延伸することが難しぐ高価な装置を必要と するなどの問題が生じる。延伸は、多段で行うことが延伸むらを防止するために好ま しい。
[0026] 以上のようにして作製された一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21を、幹繊維 23が互いに直 交するように 2枚重ね合せ、これを加熱して融着することにより、図 1に示したようなネ
ット状資材 2が得られる。熱融着は、重ね合わせた 2枚の一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21 を、対向配置された一対の加熱シリンダ間に供給し、幅方向の収縮が生じないように 固定しながら行う。また、熱融着の温度は、第 1の熱可塑性榭脂からなる層 21aの延 伸効果が失われないように、第 1の熱可塑性榭脂の融点以下で、かつ第 2の熱可塑 性榭脂の融点以上の温度とする。
[0027] 2枚の一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21の幹繊維 23同士を直交させるためには、 2枚の 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21のうち一方はそのまま供給し、もう一方は、それと直角な 方向から、製造すべきネット状資材 2の幅と同じ長さに切断してタイル状として間欠的 に供給する必要がある。そのため、図 1に示したネット状資材 2では、一定の間隔ごと に、タイル状とした一軸割繊維フィルム 21の継目が存在することになる。
[0028] 以上、ネット状資材 2に好適に用いられる素材として一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21を 例に挙げて説明した力 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21に類似した構造のフィルムとし て一軸延伸スリットフィルムがある。この一軸延伸スリットフィルムも本発明に好ましく 用いることができる。以下に、一軸延伸スリットフィルムについて説明する。
[0029] 図 4Aには、本発明に好ましく用いられる一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25が示される。一 軸延伸スリットフィルム 25は、図 2Aに示した一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21を製造する のに用いたのと同じ構造の原反フィルム力も作ることができる。すなわち、一軸延伸ス リットフィルム 25は、図 4Bに示すように、第 1の熱可塑性榭脂からなる層 25aと、その 両面に積層された、第 1の熱可塑性榭脂よりも低い融点を有する第 2の熱可塑性榭 脂からなる層 25bとで構成される。そして、原反フィルムを、横方向(図 4Aに示す矢 印 T方向)に千鳥掛けに割繊またはスリット処理し、これを横方向に延伸し、スリットを 縦方向に目開きさせる。これによつて、一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25が得られる。前述 したのと同様、継目が存在することにはなる力 図 4Aに示した一軸延伸スリットフィル ム 25を、その延伸方向が直交するように積層して、縦方向および横方向の強度バラ ンスに優れたネット状資材を得ることができる。
[0030] ネット状資材に継目が存在することが好ましくない場合は、図 2Aに示す一軸延伸 割繊維フィルム 21と、図 4Aに示す一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25とを、互いの縦方向を 一致させて積層する。これにより、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21と一軸延伸スリットフィ
ルム 25とをそのまま連続的に供給して両者を熱融着し、継目のないネット状資材とす ることがでさる。
[0031] 一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21と一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25とを積層したネット状資材 とする場合、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21および一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25を予め作 製しておき、これらをロール状に卷 、た状態力 繰り出しながら積層することもできる 。あるいは、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21および一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25の一方の みを予め作製しておき、これを他方の製造ライン上に供給して両者を積層することも できる。後者の方法によれば、ネット状資材の製造工程を簡略ィ匕することができ、ネッ ト状資材をより低コストで提供することができる。
[0032] また、上述した例では、縦方向および横方向に高い機械的強度を持たせるために 2枚のフィルムを積層した例を示した。しかし、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21および一 軸延伸スリットフィルム 25は、それ自身がネット状の構造を有しているので、一方向の みに高い機械的強度を有していれば十分な用途においては、 1枚の一軸延伸割繊 維フィルム 21または一軸延伸スリットフィルム 25のみでネット状資材とすることもでき る。さらには、一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21または Zおよび一軸延伸スリットフィルム 2 5を、必要に応じて 3枚以上積層することもできる。
[0033] また、上述した例では、フィルム自身がネット状の構造を有して 、たが、熱可塑性榭 脂からなる一軸延伸テープを組み合わせてネット状としたり、熱可塑性榭脂から紡糸 した延伸ヤーンを組み合わせてネット状としたりすることもできる。その一例として、図 5および図 6に、一軸延伸多層テープ 28を用いたネット状資材 27、 29を示す。これら ネット状資材 27, 29は、いずれも図 2Aに示した一軸延伸割繊維フィルム 21を製造 するのに用いたのと同様の原反フィルムを 1. 1〜15倍、好ましくは 3〜10倍に延伸 した後、延伸方向に沿って 2〜7mmの幅で裁断した一軸延伸多層テープ力もなる。 原反フィルムの裁断は延伸前であってもよい。図 5に示すネット状資材 27は、複数の 一軸延伸多層テープ 28を一定の間隔をあけて平行に並べ、それを一軸延伸多層テ ープ 28の長手方向が直交するように 2層に積層したものである。図 6に示すネット状 資材 29は、この一軸延伸多層テープ 28を縦横に織成したものである。
[0034] 以上、本発明につ 、て好ま 、実施形態を例に挙げて説明した力 本発明のネット
状資材は、ベースとなる樹脂に上述した所定の粒径の微粒子を所定の割合で含有し 、ネット状に作られたものであれば、その構造や網目の形状は任意である。また、ベ ースとなる榭脂についても特に限定されるものではない。本発明のネット状資材のベ ースとなる榭脂としては、ポリエステル榭脂、ポリアミド榭脂、ポリプロピレン榭脂、ポリ エチレン榭脂などを、単独で、または 2種以上を混合したものが挙げられる。さらに、 ネット状資材の性能を損なわない範囲で、上述した微粒子の他に、酸化防止剤、耐 候剤、滑剤、ブロッキング防止剤、難燃剤、核剤、帯電防止剤などの添加剤を必要に 応じて添カ卩してもよい。
[0035] 本発明のネット状資材は、農業用途の他に、例えば、果物や野菜等の包装資材、 自動車用の遮熱資材、テントやシートなどの屋外用資材など、様々な用途に使用す ることがでさる。
[0036] 次に、本発明の具体的な実施例について、比較例とともに説明する。
[0037] まず、ベースとなる樹脂に添加する粒子として、酸ィ匕チタンを用いた。酸化チタンの 平均粒径、および粒径が 0. 4 m以上の粒子の割合を、表 1に示すように調製し、粒 子 A—l、粒子 A— 2、比較粒子 1〜4とした。
[0038] [表 1]
ベースとなる榭脂としてポリエチレンを用い、このポリエチレンに上記の粒子を所定 の添加量 (ベースとなる榭脂に対する質量%で表す)だけ添加してネット状資材を作 製し、実施例 1〜4、比較例 1〜8とした (表 2参照)。ネット状資材の形態は、図 1に示
したのと同様の、一軸延伸滑繊維フィルム 21を 2層に経緯積層したものとし、具体的 な仕様は、新日石プラスト (株)製の割繊維不織布である日石ヮリフ(登録商標)のグ レード EX24に準じた。
[0039] 上記の実施例 1〜4および比較例 1〜8について、それぞれ遮熱性および光透過 性を評価した。遮熱性および光透過性の評価は、以下のようにして行った。
[0040] 〈遮熱性〉
実施例 1〜4および比較例 1〜8により得られたネット状資材を用いて、屋外に半径 約 40cmの半円筒状トンネルを設営し、梅雨が明けた夏最盛期(関東でいえば 7月下 旬から 8月末ごろ)の晴天の日中に、トンネル外の地表面温度とトンネル内の地表面 温度を測定し、両者の温度差で表した。ネット状資材を用いてトンネルを設営した場 合はトンネル内のほうが温度が低くなり、トンネル外との温度差が大きいほど遮熱性 が優れているといえる。
[0041] 〈光透過性〉
HOYA—SCHOTT (株)製の照明装置 COLD LIGHT SOURCE HL150(品番)を 用いて、照明の光源と照度計との間にネット状資材を挿入したときと、しないときの、 照度をそれぞれ測定した。そして、ネット状資材を挿入しないときの照度に対する、挿 入したときの照度の比を、光透過性として表した。この比が高ければ高いほど、すな わちネット状資材の有無での照度差が少な 、ほど、光透過性が優れて 、ると 、える。 照明装置の光源としては、照度が 2000Lxの白色ハロゲンランプを用いた。
[0042] 実施例 1〜4および比較例 1〜8についての、添加粒子の種類、添加量、および評 価結果を表 2に示す。
[0043] [表 2]
添加粒子 添加量 (質量%) 遮熱性 (で) 光透過性 (%) 実施例 1 粒子 A— 1 0 . 6 6 8 9 実施例 2 粒子 A— 1 1 . 2 1 1 8 5 実施例 3 粒子 A— 1 3 . 0 1 3 7 6 実施例 4 粒子 A— 2 1 . 2 7 8 0 比較例 1 粒子 A— 1 0 . 4 2 9 1 比較例 2 粒子 A— 1 3 . 4 1 4 7 4 比較例 3 比較粒子 1 1 . 0 3 7 2 比較例 4 比較粒子 1 3 . 0 8 5 9 比較例 5 比較粒子 1 1 . 2 3 7 1 比較例 6 比較粒子 2 1 . 2 4 7 4 比較例 7 比較粒子 3 1 . 2 2 7 7 比較例 8 比較粒子 4 1 . 2 5 6 7 表 2に示す結果から、実施例 1〜4はいずれも遮熱性が 5°C以上、かつ光透過性が 75%以上であり、遮熱性および光透過性の双方とも優れているといえる。
一方、比較例 1は、添加粒子としては実施例 1〜3と同じものを用いている力 その 添加量が少なすぎるため、遮熱性が劣っている。比較例 2は、比較例 1とは逆に添カロ 量が多すぎるため、光透過性が劣っている。比較例 3〜5は、添加粒子の粒径が小さ すぎ、かつ粒径が 0. 4 m以上の粒子の割合も少なすぎるため、添加量を変化させ ても遮熱性および光透過性の少なくとも一方が劣る結果となった。比較例 6は、比較 例 5と比べて添加粒子の粒径が大きぐかつ 0. 4 m以上の粒子の割合が多いもの の、遮熱性および光透過性はまだ不十分である。比較例 7は、添加粒子の粒径が小 さすぎ、遮熱性が劣っている。比較例 8は、粒径が 0. 4 m以上の粒子の割合が少 なすぎ、光透過性が劣っている。さらに、添加量が 1. 2質量%の場合で比較すると、 比較例 5〜8は、実施例 2, 4と比較して、遮熱性および光透過性の双方とも劣ってい
る。
Claims
[1] ベースとなる樹脂と、
前記樹脂に添加された粒子と、を有し、
前記粒子は、平均粒径が 0. 8 μ m以上で、かつ粒径が 0. 4 μ m以上の粒子の割 合が 90%以上となるように、前記樹脂の 100質量部あたり 0. 5〜3質量部の範囲で 前記樹脂に添加されて 、るネット状資材。
[2] 前記粒子が添加された榭脂から作られた、一方向に延伸された複数のネット状フィ ルムを、延伸方向が互いに直交するように積層してなる、請求項 1に記載のネット状 資材。
[3] 前記粒子が添加された榭脂から作られた、一方向に延伸された複数のテープまた は複数のヤーンを、延伸方向が互いに直交するように組み合わせてなる、請求項 1 に記載のネット状資材。
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US20090291251A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
JP4504822B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
JP2006187256A (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
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