Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

WO2006045016A2 - Integrated drop-in lithium battery substitute for lead-acid batteries - Google Patents

Integrated drop-in lithium battery substitute for lead-acid batteries Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006045016A2
WO2006045016A2 PCT/US2005/037740 US2005037740W WO2006045016A2 WO 2006045016 A2 WO2006045016 A2 WO 2006045016A2 US 2005037740 W US2005037740 W US 2005037740W WO 2006045016 A2 WO2006045016 A2 WO 2006045016A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
lead
battery
lithium battery
lithium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/037740
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006045016A9 (en
WO2006045016A3 (en
WO2006045016A8 (en
Inventor
Stephen W. Moore
Duane D. Kruger
Original Assignee
Enerdel, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enerdel, Inc. filed Critical Enerdel, Inc.
Publication of WO2006045016A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006045016A2/en
Publication of WO2006045016A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006045016A3/en
Publication of WO2006045016A8 publication Critical patent/WO2006045016A8/en
Publication of WO2006045016A9 publication Critical patent/WO2006045016A9/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lithium battery systems having voltage shaping circuitry designed to mimic the electrical behavior of lead acid batteries.
  • Lead acid batteries have proliferated into thousands of consumer and commercial products in the marketplace. Users have become accustomed to the electrical behavior and size and shape of sealed lead-acid batteries in products ranging from medical infusion pumps, neighborhood scooters, and computer battery backup un-interruptible power supplies. [0003] The available battery form factors, configurations, and integration for lead acid batteries are standardized across the industry. Charging and maintenance electronics for lead- acid batteries are also highly developed and inexpensive. However, the calendar life, cycle life, maintenance cost, and weight of lead acid batteries are limiting factors in their overall usefulness. Many users of systems which include lead-acid batteries are desirous of an alternative battery that would overcome one or more of these limitations.
  • a battery system provided by Valence Technology Inc., Austin, TX provides a lithium ion replacement for a 12V lead acid battery packed in standard lead acid sizes.
  • the lithium ion replacement for a 12V lead acid battery provided by Valence Technology Inc. may have the right size and shape for lead acid replacement, but the electrical characteristics remain that of a lithium battery.
  • a lithium battery system provides electrical characteristics comparable to electrical characteristics of a lead acid battery.
  • the system includes at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter.
  • the voltage converter is coupled to an output of the Li cell and converts the output of the lithium cell to an electrical output characteristic of a lead-acid battery.
  • the voltage converter can comprise a bidirectional switching converter.
  • the system can further comprise electronics coupled to the Li cell for monitoring and managing the cell, the electronics having structure for providing at least one selected from the group consisting of charge control, overcharge protection, discharge protection, and cell equalization.
  • An outer case is preferably provide, wherein the lithium battery cell and the electronics are disposed in the outer case, where the outer case has a size and shape of standard lead acid batteries.
  • a single lithium cell can be used which after (boost) conversion provides 12 to 14 Volts 25 0 C.
  • 3 cells are used, with the voltage converter again comprises a voltage boost converter, hi another embodiment, 4 cells are used and the voltage converter comprises a voltage buck converter.
  • a method of substituting a lithium battery for a lead-acid battery comprises the steps of providing a lithium battery system comprising at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter, the voltage converter coupled to an output of the Li cell, and converting the output of the lithium cell using the voltage converter to an electrical output characteristic of a lead-acid battery.
  • the lithium battery system preferably includes an outer case, wherein said lithium battery cell and said electronics are disposed in the case, wherein the case provides a size and shape characteristic of a lead acid battery.
  • the method can further comprise the step of installing the battery system in a system specified for a lead acid battery.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary packaged Li battery system including a voltage converter which is designed to be a drop-in substitute for a lead acid battery, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows voltage discharge curves for a conventional 6-cell lead-acid battery as compared to the discharge curve of an unconverted single Li cell.
  • Fig. 3 shows a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results from boosting a single 5Ah Lithium cell according to the invention with a constant boost to match the output voltage of a standard 2 Ah 12V lead-acid battery.
  • Fig. 4 shows a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results from boosting a single 5Ah Lithium cell according to the invention with a variable boost to more closely match the output voltage of a standard 2 Ah 12V lead-acid battery as compared to the constant boost result shown in Fig. 3.
  • a lithium battery system which provides electrical characteristics comparable to a lead acid battery comprises at least one lithium battery cell, and a voltage converter.
  • the voltage converter is coupled to an output of the Li cell and converts the output of the Li cell to electrical characteristics of a lead-acid battery.
  • the inventive battery system thus replaces an industry- standard lead-acid battery with a drop-in lithium battery that in a preferred embodiment requires no changes to the form factor, configuration, or system integration.
  • the phrase "converts the output of the Li cell to electrical characteristics of a lead-acid battery” is defined as making the output voltage from the lithium battery system match the output voltage of the lead acid battery (for a given application) within 10%, preferably within 5%, and most preferably within 2% over the complete discharge curve. Matching the entire voltage vs. state of charge (SOC) thus meets system requirements that use voltage as a signal, such as for low battery alarms that use voltage as the trigger.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the invention is applicable to all Li battery types, including, but not limited to Li metal, Li ion and Li polymer batteries. Although generally described for converting electrical characteristics of lithium batteries to that of lead acid batteries, more generally, the invention allows one battery type to provide the electrical characteristics of another battery type.
  • the lithium battery system is a packaged system including an outer case that is of the same size and shape of industry-standard lead-acid batteries. Inside the case there is at least one lithium battery cell, electronics to monitor and manage the lithium battery cell(s), electronics to provide the necessary voltage boost to match the lithium battery cell(s) to the standard lead-acid interface, thus allowing the lithium battery to be a direct replacement for the lead-acid battery in the application.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary packaged battery system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a plurality of lithium battery cells 101 are configured in series and/or parallel inside of the case 102, the cell number and configuration depending on the desired electrical properties. Although described as being a plurality of cells, there may also be just one lithium battery cell in system 100.
  • Electronics 103 monitors and manages the lithium cells 101 by preferably providing charge control, overcharge protection, discharge protection, cell equalization, and other standard safety and maintenance functions. These functions, if desired to be in addition to standard lead acid battery capabilities, include are State of Health (SOH) algorithms, State of Charge (SOC) algorithms, and thermal monitoring and protection curcuits. These functions can be comunicated outside the battery to a host device.
  • Electronics 103 also generally include memory, such as for storing characteristic voltage curve data of a lead acid battery for a given application, structure for measuring battery current output, its state of charge, arid resistance as a function of the state of charge.
  • Microprocessor-based management electronics for these functions are well known in the art. Beginning in the 1990s, some battery modules have included logic chips (either microcontrollers or programmed custom logic chips). These chips are commonly referred to as “Smart Battery Modules” which have been used for charge/discharge control, communications, and related functions such as overtemperature and overcurrent monitoring, or for a "gas gauge” function which estimates battery life. For example, United States Patent No.
  • 5,929,606 to Faulk entitled "Ripple-suppressed converting battery module” discloses a universal battery pack which contains an integral DC-DC switching power converter, with an asymmetric ripple-suppression topology which suppresses ripple at the power output terminals during discharging is an exemplary smart battery module that can be used with the invention.
  • United States Patent No. 5,929,606 to Faulk is incorporated by refrence into the present application.
  • the electronics according to the invention is preferably, but not required to be, chip- based.
  • One function of electronics 103 is for converting the standard lead-acid charging voltages to voltages acceptable for charging lithium cells. In reverse, the electronics 103 convert the discharge voltage of the lithium cells to the standard discharge voltage of lead-acid batteries.
  • System also up-integrates the cell or plurality of cells 101 to the standard lead-acid interface.
  • System 100 includes a bi-directional DC-DC switching voltage converter 104 for this purpose, which may be of the buck, boost, buck-boost, cuk, flyback, forward, or other known converter topology.
  • Electronics 103 and converter 104 can be combined into a single device.
  • the output of voltage converter 104 is provided across terminals 108 and and 109, which are standard for lead acid batteries.
  • the voltage converter 104 takes the voltage curve obtained from a lithium battery 201 shown in Figure 2 and "maps" its voltage to the voltage curve characteristic of a lead-acid battery 202.
  • the characteristic voltage curve of the lead acid battery is generally pre ⁇ programmed into the electronics 103. Data for the characteristic voltage curve can be obtained by measuring output characteristics of a lead acid battery in a given application (having a certain load) or by calculating the output characteristics using known equations for lead acid batteries.
  • the unmapped lithium battery voltage may be more or less than the standard lead- acid battery voltage level. Depending on the number of cells and the voltage converter 104 used, the lithium voltage provided will be "boosted" to match the standard lead-acid level, or “bucked” to match the standard lead-acid level.
  • a conventional automobile operates at 13.6V nominal, the voltage being set by a standard 6-cell lead acid automobile battery in the automobile.
  • the nominal lithium voltage for standard automotive application is either 10.9V (3 cells) or 14.6V (4 cells). If the lead acid battery is replaced by a 3 cell lithium battery, the voltage will be too low. If the lead acid battery is replaced by a 4 cell lithium battery, the voltage will be too high.
  • Electronics provided systems according to the invention can adapt the voltage of the lithium battery up or down to 13.6V, to match the original specification of the automobile.
  • Figure 3 provides data showing a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results of boosting a single 5Ah lithium cell by a constant factor of 3.5 X according to the invention 301 to match the output voltage of a standard Yuasa (Yuasa Battery, Inc. Reading, PA) 2 Ah lead- acid battery 302.
  • Yuasa specifications include a valve regulated sealed lead acid battery, 12 Volt, 2 Ah, Dimensions: L 148mm x W 20mm x H 90mm having standard blade terminals. Better results (not shown) can be obtained by varying the boost factor as a function of time to more closely match the lead acid discharge curve.
  • FIG. 4 shows a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results from boosting a single 5AIi Lithium cell according to the invention 401 with a variable boost level. It can be seen that the variable boost level more closely matches the output voltage of the standard 2 All 12 V lead-acid battery 302 by comparing the results shown in Fig. 4 as compared to the results shown in Fig. 3.
  • the invention may be used in applications for systems that require nominal lead acid voltages. There exists a large market of lead acid batteries in which regular replacements are required. The invention allows lithium battery systems to displace lead acid batteries during these replacement cycles.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A lithium battery system provides electrical characteristics comparable to electrical characteristics of a lead acid battery. The system includes at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter. The voltage converter is coupled to an output of the Li cell and converters the output of the lithium cell to an electrical output characteristic of a lead-acid battery.

Description

INTEGRATED DROP-IN LITHIUM BATTERY SUBSTITUTE FOR LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to lithium battery systems having voltage shaping circuitry designed to mimic the electrical behavior of lead acid batteries.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Lead acid batteries have proliferated into thousands of consumer and commercial products in the marketplace. Users have become accustomed to the electrical behavior and size and shape of sealed lead-acid batteries in products ranging from medical infusion pumps, neighborhood scooters, and computer battery backup un-interruptible power supplies. [0003] The available battery form factors, configurations, and integration for lead acid batteries are standardized across the industry. Charging and maintenance electronics for lead- acid batteries are also highly developed and inexpensive. However, the calendar life, cycle life, maintenance cost, and weight of lead acid batteries are limiting factors in their overall usefulness. Many users of systems which include lead-acid batteries are desirous of an alternative battery that would overcome one or more of these limitations. [0004] A battery system provided by Valence Technology Inc., Austin, TX provides a lithium ion replacement for a 12V lead acid battery packed in standard lead acid sizes. However, based on the voltage curves provided, there is clearly no voltage shaping electronics provided to mimic the electrical behavior of a lead acid battery. Therefore, the lithium ion replacement for a 12V lead acid battery provided by Valence Technology Inc. may have the right size and shape for lead acid replacement, but the electrical characteristics remain that of a lithium battery. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] A lithium battery system provides electrical characteristics comparable to electrical characteristics of a lead acid battery. The system includes at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter. The voltage converter is coupled to an output of the Li cell and converts the output of the lithium cell to an electrical output characteristic of a lead-acid battery. The voltage converter can comprise a bidirectional switching converter. [0006] The system can further comprise electronics coupled to the Li cell for monitoring and managing the cell, the electronics having structure for providing at least one selected from the group consisting of charge control, overcharge protection, discharge protection, and cell equalization. An outer case is preferably provide, wherein the lithium battery cell and the electronics are disposed in the outer case, where the outer case has a size and shape of standard lead acid batteries.
[0007] A single lithium cell can be used which after (boost) conversion provides 12 to 14 Volts 25 0C. In another embodiment, 3 cells are used, with the voltage converter again comprises a voltage boost converter, hi another embodiment, 4 cells are used and the voltage converter comprises a voltage buck converter.
[0008] A method of substituting a lithium battery for a lead-acid battery, comprises the steps of providing a lithium battery system comprising at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter, the voltage converter coupled to an output of the Li cell, and converting the output of the lithium cell using the voltage converter to an electrical output characteristic of a lead-acid battery. The lithium battery system preferably includes an outer case, wherein said lithium battery cell and said electronics are disposed in the case, wherein the case provides a size and shape characteristic of a lead acid battery. The method can further comprise the step of installing the battery system in a system specified for a lead acid battery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] A fuller understanding of the present invention and the features and benefits thereof will be obtained upon review of the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0010] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary packaged Li battery system including a voltage converter which is designed to be a drop-in substitute for a lead acid battery, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0011] Fig. 2 shows voltage discharge curves for a conventional 6-cell lead-acid battery as compared to the discharge curve of an unconverted single Li cell.
[0012] Fig. 3 shows a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results from boosting a single 5Ah Lithium cell according to the invention with a constant boost to match the output voltage of a standard 2 Ah 12V lead-acid battery.
[0013] Fig. 4 shows a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results from boosting a single 5Ah Lithium cell according to the invention with a variable boost to more closely match the output voltage of a standard 2 Ah 12V lead-acid battery as compared to the constant boost result shown in Fig. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] A lithium battery system which provides electrical characteristics comparable to a lead acid battery comprises at least one lithium battery cell, and a voltage converter. The voltage converter is coupled to an output of the Li cell and converts the output of the Li cell to electrical characteristics of a lead-acid battery. The inventive battery system thus replaces an industry- standard lead-acid battery with a drop-in lithium battery that in a preferred embodiment requires no changes to the form factor, configuration, or system integration. As used herein the phrase "converts the output of the Li cell to electrical characteristics of a lead-acid battery" is defined as making the output voltage from the lithium battery system match the output voltage of the lead acid battery (for a given application) within 10%, preferably within 5%, and most preferably within 2% over the complete discharge curve. Matching the entire voltage vs. state of charge (SOC) thus meets system requirements that use voltage as a signal, such as for low battery alarms that use voltage as the trigger.
[0015] The invention is applicable to all Li battery types, including, but not limited to Li metal, Li ion and Li polymer batteries. Although generally described for converting electrical characteristics of lithium batteries to that of lead acid batteries, more generally, the invention allows one battery type to provide the electrical characteristics of another battery type. [0016] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the lithium battery system is a packaged system including an outer case that is of the same size and shape of industry-standard lead-acid batteries. Inside the case there is at least one lithium battery cell, electronics to monitor and manage the lithium battery cell(s), electronics to provide the necessary voltage boost to match the lithium battery cell(s) to the standard lead-acid interface, thus allowing the lithium battery to be a direct replacement for the lead-acid battery in the application. [0017] Figure 1 shows an exemplary packaged battery system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. A plurality of lithium battery cells 101 are configured in series and/or parallel inside of the case 102, the cell number and configuration depending on the desired electrical properties. Although described as being a plurality of cells, there may also be just one lithium battery cell in system 100. Electronics 103 monitors and manages the lithium cells 101 by preferably providing charge control, overcharge protection, discharge protection, cell equalization, and other standard safety and maintenance functions. These functions, if desired to be in addition to standard lead acid battery capabilities, include are State of Health (SOH) algorithms, State of Charge (SOC) algorithms, and thermal monitoring and protection curcuits. These functions can be comunicated outside the battery to a host device. Electronics 103 also generally include memory, such as for storing characteristic voltage curve data of a lead acid battery for a given application, structure for measuring battery current output, its state of charge, arid resistance as a function of the state of charge.
[0018] Microprocessor-based management electronics for these functions are well known in the art. Beginning in the 1990s, some battery modules have included logic chips (either microcontrollers or programmed custom logic chips). These chips are commonly referred to as "Smart Battery Modules" which have been used for charge/discharge control, communications, and related functions such as overtemperature and overcurrent monitoring, or for a "gas gauge" function which estimates battery life. For example, United States Patent No. 5,929,606 to Faulk entitled "Ripple-suppressed converting battery module" discloses a universal battery pack which contains an integral DC-DC switching power converter, with an asymmetric ripple-suppression topology which suppresses ripple at the power output terminals during discharging is an exemplary smart battery module that can be used with the invention. United States Patent No. 5,929,606 to Faulk is incorporated by refrence into the present application. [0019] The electronics according to the invention is preferably, but not required to be, chip- based. One function of electronics 103 is for converting the standard lead-acid charging voltages to voltages acceptable for charging lithium cells. In reverse, the electronics 103 convert the discharge voltage of the lithium cells to the standard discharge voltage of lead-acid batteries. [0020] System also up-integrates the cell or plurality of cells 101 to the standard lead-acid interface. System 100 includes a bi-directional DC-DC switching voltage converter 104 for this purpose, which may be of the buck, boost, buck-boost, cuk, flyback, forward, or other known converter topology. Electronics 103 and converter 104 can be combined into a single device. The output of voltage converter 104 is provided across terminals 108 and and 109, which are standard for lead acid batteries.
[0021] The voltage converter 104 takes the voltage curve obtained from a lithium battery 201 shown in Figure 2 and "maps" its voltage to the voltage curve characteristic of a lead-acid battery 202. The characteristic voltage curve of the lead acid battery is generally pre¬ programmed into the electronics 103. Data for the characteristic voltage curve can be obtained by measuring output characteristics of a lead acid battery in a given application (having a certain load) or by calculating the output characteristics using known equations for lead acid batteries. [0022] The unmapped lithium battery voltage may be more or less than the standard lead- acid battery voltage level. Depending on the number of cells and the voltage converter 104 used, the lithium voltage provided will be "boosted" to match the standard lead-acid level, or "bucked" to match the standard lead-acid level.
[0023] For example, a conventional automobile operates at 13.6V nominal, the voltage being set by a standard 6-cell lead acid automobile battery in the automobile. The nominal lithium voltage for standard automotive application is either 10.9V (3 cells) or 14.6V (4 cells). If the lead acid battery is replaced by a 3 cell lithium battery, the voltage will be too low. If the lead acid battery is replaced by a 4 cell lithium battery, the voltage will be too high. Electronics provided systems according to the invention can adapt the voltage of the lithium battery up or down to 13.6V, to match the original specification of the automobile.
[0024] Figure 3 provides data showing a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results of boosting a single 5Ah lithium cell by a constant factor of 3.5 X according to the invention 301 to match the output voltage of a standard Yuasa (Yuasa Battery, Inc. Reading, PA) 2 Ah lead- acid battery 302. The Yuasa specifications include a valve regulated sealed lead acid battery, 12 Volt, 2 Ah, Dimensions: L 148mm x W 20mm x H 90mm having standard blade terminals. Better results (not shown) can be obtained by varying the boost factor as a function of time to more closely match the lead acid discharge curve.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment a variable level voltage conversion is performed. Figure 4 shows a discharge voltage comparison illustrating the results from boosting a single 5AIi Lithium cell according to the invention 401 with a variable boost level. It can be seen that the variable boost level more closely matches the output voltage of the standard 2 All 12 V lead-acid battery 302 by comparing the results shown in Fig. 4 as compared to the results shown in Fig. 3. [0026] The invention may be used in applications for systems that require nominal lead acid voltages. There exists a large market of lead acid batteries in which regular replacements are required. The invention allows lithium battery systems to displace lead acid batteries during these replacement cycles.
[0027] It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred specific embodiments thereof, that the foregoing description as well as the examples which follow are intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention. Other aspects, advantages and modifications within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:
1. A lithium battery system providing electrical characteristics comparable to electrical characteristics of a lead acid battery, comprising: at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter, said voltage converter coupled to an output of said Li cell, said voltage converter converting said output of said lithium cell to electrical output characteristics of a lead-acid battery.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said voltage converter comprises a bidirectional switching converter.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising electronics coupled to said Li cell for monitoring and managing said cell, said electronics having structure for providing at least one selected from the group consisting of charge control, overcharge protection, discharge protection, and cell equalization.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an outer case, wherein said lithium battery cell and said electronics are disposed in said outer case, said outer case having a size and shape of standard lead acid batteries.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one lithium battery cell is a single lithium cell, said single lithium cell after voltage conversion providing 12 to 14 Volts 25 0C.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said at least one lithium battery cell consists of 3 of said cells, said voltage converter comprising a voltage boost converter.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one lithium battery cell consists of 4 of said cells, said voltage converter comprising a voltage buck converter.
8. A method of substituting a lithium battery for a lead-acid battery, comprising the steps of: providing a lithium battery system comprising at least one lithium battery cell and electronics including a voltage converter, said voltage converter coupled to an output of said Li cell, and converting said output of said lithium cell using said voltage converter to an electrical output characteristic of a lead-acid battery.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said lithium battery system includes an outer case, wherein said lithium battery cell and said electronics are disposed in said case, said case providing a size and shape characteristic of a lead acid battery.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of installing said battery system in a system specified for a lead acid battery.
PCT/US2005/037740 2004-10-20 2005-10-20 Integrated drop-in lithium battery substitute for lead-acid batteries WO2006045016A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62029804P 2004-10-20 2004-10-20
US60/620,298 2004-10-20

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006045016A2 true WO2006045016A2 (en) 2006-04-27
WO2006045016A3 WO2006045016A3 (en) 2006-06-15
WO2006045016A8 WO2006045016A8 (en) 2008-12-11
WO2006045016A9 WO2006045016A9 (en) 2009-01-22

Family

ID=36168620

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/037740 WO2006045016A2 (en) 2004-10-20 2005-10-20 Integrated drop-in lithium battery substitute for lead-acid batteries

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2006045016A2 (en)

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2393152A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-07 STILL GmbH Battery control device
US8957623B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2015-02-17 Johnson Controls Technology Company Systems and methods for controlling multiple storage devices
CN104733651A (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 林德材料处理有限责任公司 Traction battery used for movable working machine
EP3220469A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-20 Linde Material Handling GmbH Traction battery for an industrial truck
EP3219536A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-20 Linde Material Handling GmbH Modular system for fast charging traction battery for industrial truck
US9800071B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2017-10-24 Green Cubes Technology Corporation Methods and system for add-on battery
DE102016219452A1 (en) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery unit and method for operating a battery unit
CN109273783A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-25 众声物联（天津）科技有限公司 Lithium battery replaces lead-acid battery intelligence BMS framework and application method
EP3542441A4 (en) * 2016-11-24 2020-05-13 Blue Solutions Canada Inc. Conversion circuit device for uninterruptible power supply (ups) systems
WO2020165195A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery unit and method for operating a battery unit
CN111596218A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-08-28 深圳市福光动力通信设备有限公司 Device for simulating charge-discharge characteristics of lead-acid battery pack by using lithium battery pack
EP3709475A1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-16 Robert Bosch GmbH Holding element for a battery and battery with such a holding element
US11128005B2 (en) 2013-07-30 2021-09-21 Cps Technology Holdings Llc Lithium ion battery with lead acid form factor
US11309832B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2022-04-19 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11349432B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2022-05-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system
US11424616B2 (en) 2008-05-05 2022-08-23 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Direct current power combiner
US11476799B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2022-10-18 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11489330B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2022-11-01 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system
US11569660B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-01-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11569659B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-01-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11579235B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-14 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US11594968B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2023-02-28 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Digital average input current control in power converter
US11598652B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-03-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Monitoring of distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11620885B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2023-04-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Photovoltaic panel circuitry
US11682918B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-06-20 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Battery power delivery module
US11687112B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-06-27 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11728768B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-08-15 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Pairing of components in a direct current distributed power generation system
US11735910B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-08-22 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power system using direct current power sources
US11855231B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-12-26 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11867729B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2024-01-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Theft detection and prevention in a power generation system
US11870250B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2024-01-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Chain of power devices
US11888387B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-01-30 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US11929620B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2024-03-12 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Maximizing power in a photovoltaic distributed power system
US11962243B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-04-16 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Method for distributed power harvesting using DC power sources
US11979037B2 (en) 2012-01-11 2024-05-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Photovoltaic module
US12003107B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2024-06-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Method and apparatus for storing and depleting energy
US12027849B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-07-02 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power system using direct current power sources
US12057807B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2024-08-06 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Chain of power devices
US12068599B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-08-20 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. System and method for protection during inverter shutdown in distributed power installations

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5646501A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-07-08 Lucent Technologies Inc. Flexible power architecture which supports multiple battery technologies for use with a portable device
US5945806A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-08-31 Compaq Computer Corporation Variable-voltage programmable battery module
US6118248A (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-09-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Battery having a built-in controller to extend battery service run time

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5646501A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-07-08 Lucent Technologies Inc. Flexible power architecture which supports multiple battery technologies for use with a portable device
US5945806A (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-08-31 Compaq Computer Corporation Variable-voltage programmable battery module
US6118248A (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-09-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Battery having a built-in controller to extend battery service run time

Cited By (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11309832B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2022-04-19 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11658482B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-05-23 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11735910B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-08-22 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power system using direct current power sources
US11575261B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11687112B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-06-27 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11682918B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-06-20 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Battery power delivery module
US12107417B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-10-01 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11569659B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-01-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US12068599B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-08-20 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. System and method for protection during inverter shutdown in distributed power installations
US12046940B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-07-23 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Battery power control
US12032080B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-07-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US11569660B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-01-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US12027970B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-07-02 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US11594882B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-28 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11598652B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-03-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Monitoring of distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11476799B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2022-10-18 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11728768B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-08-15 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Pairing of components in a direct current distributed power generation system
US11855231B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-12-26 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US12027849B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-07-02 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power system using direct current power sources
US11594881B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-28 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11962243B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-04-16 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Method for distributed power harvesting using DC power sources
US11961922B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-04-16 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11594880B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-28 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11579235B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-14 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US11575260B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2023-02-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
US11888387B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2024-01-30 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
US11594968B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2023-02-28 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Digital average input current control in power converter
US11424616B2 (en) 2008-05-05 2022-08-23 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Direct current power combiner
US11867729B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2024-01-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Theft detection and prevention in a power generation system
EP2393152A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-07 STILL GmbH Battery control device
US11349432B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2022-05-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system
US12003215B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2024-06-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system
US11489330B2 (en) 2010-11-09 2022-11-01 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Arc detection and prevention in a power generation system
US9819064B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2017-11-14 Johnson Control Technology Company Systems and methods for overcharge protection and charge balance in combined energy source systems
US9425492B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2016-08-23 Johnson Controls Technology Company Energy source systems having devices with differential states of charge
US8957623B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2015-02-17 Johnson Controls Technology Company Systems and methods for controlling multiple storage devices
US9300018B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2016-03-29 Johnson Controls Technology Company Energy source system having multiple energy storage devices
US10290912B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2019-05-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Energy source devices and systems having a battery and an ultracapacitor
US10158152B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2018-12-18 Johnson Controls Technology Company Energy source system having multiple energy storage devices
US11979037B2 (en) 2012-01-11 2024-05-07 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Photovoltaic module
US11620885B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2023-04-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Photovoltaic panel circuitry
US12094306B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2024-09-17 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Photovoltaic panel circuitry
US11929620B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2024-03-12 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Maximizing power in a photovoltaic distributed power system
US12003107B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2024-06-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Method and apparatus for storing and depleting energy
US11128005B2 (en) 2013-07-30 2021-09-21 Cps Technology Holdings Llc Lithium ion battery with lead acid form factor
EP2887420A1 (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 Linde Material Handling GmbH Traction battery for mobile work machine
CN104733651A (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 林德材料处理有限责任公司 Traction battery used for movable working machine
US10581261B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2020-03-03 Green Cubes Technology Corporation Methods and system for add-on battery
US12126206B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2024-10-22 Green Cubes Technology, Llc Method and system for add-on battery
US11133694B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2021-09-28 Green Cubes Technology, Llc Methods and system for add-on battery
US9800071B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2017-10-24 Green Cubes Technology Corporation Methods and system for add-on battery
DE102016104759A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Linde Material Handling Gmbh Modular system for fast-loading traction battery for industrial trucks
EP3220469A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-20 Linde Material Handling GmbH Traction battery for an industrial truck
EP3219536A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-20 Linde Material Handling GmbH Modular system for fast charging traction battery for industrial truck
DE102016104758A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Linde Material Handling Gmbh Traction battery for industrial trucks
US11870250B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2024-01-09 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Chain of power devices
US12057807B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2024-08-06 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Chain of power devices
WO2018065597A1 (en) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery unit and method for operating a battery unit
DE102016219452A1 (en) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery unit and method for operating a battery unit
EP3542441A4 (en) * 2016-11-24 2020-05-13 Blue Solutions Canada Inc. Conversion circuit device for uninterruptible power supply (ups) systems
CN109273783A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-25 众声物联（天津）科技有限公司 Lithium battery replaces lead-acid battery intelligence BMS framework and application method
CN109273783B (en) * 2018-09-11 2024-01-02 众声物联（天津）科技有限公司 Intelligent BMS (battery management system) framework for replacing lead-acid battery with lithium battery and using method
WO2020165195A1 (en) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery unit and method for operating a battery unit
EP3709475A1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-16 Robert Bosch GmbH Holding element for a battery and battery with such a holding element
CN111596218A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-08-28 深圳市福光动力通信设备有限公司 Device for simulating charge-discharge characteristics of lead-acid battery pack by using lithium battery pack
CN111596218B (en) * 2020-06-19 2022-08-02 深圳市福光动力通信设备有限公司 Device for simulating charge-discharge characteristics of lead-acid battery pack by using lithium battery pack

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006045016A9 (en) 2009-01-22
WO2006045016A3 (en) 2006-06-15
WO2006045016A8 (en) 2008-12-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2006045016A2 (en) Integrated drop-in lithium battery substitute for lead-acid batteries
US11128152B2 (en) Systems and methods for adaptive fast-charging for mobile devices and devices having sporadic power-source connection
CN105308825B (en) Precharge for DC-AC inverter and voltage supply system
EP2331363A1 (en) Li-ion battery array for vehicle and other large capacity applications
JP5839210B2 (en) Battery charging apparatus and method
CN107078528B (en) Charging method, charge control system, charging unit and the unmanned plane of power supply
CN1179640A (en) Battery charging apparatus
KR20170022416A (en) Battery system
JP7048855B2 (en) Communication system and method between BMS
US20220216721A1 (en) Control system and method for improving battery output energy efficiency, and electronic device
CN102299392A (en) Rechargeable battery formed by lithium ion batteries and control method
US20060250112A1 (en) Battery charger
CN103493329A (en) Low cost fast charger with internal accumulator and method
CN202142621U (en) Rechargeable battery formed by lithium ion battery
US12088103B2 (en) Direct current distribution based charging/discharging system for battery formation
EP2854254A1 (en) Charging station having battery cell balancing system
JP3581699B2 (en) Power supply system and control method thereof
CN107733000A (en) Charging method and charger
CN107733033B (en) PD protocol-based PPS mobile power supply system and control method
CN106356942A (en) Lithium battery system
CN101312296B (en) Charging method of battery module
KR102151652B1 (en) Using Cuk Converter topology Li-ion battery cell balancing strategy
CN111478389A (en) Charging energy storage system and charging pile equipment
CN116826209A (en) Method, system, storage medium and device for obtaining battery connection in battery pack
CN216161790U (en) Energy storage system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 05809992

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2