WO2004036198A1 - ガラス壜の検査装置における基準画像の作成方法及び装置 - Google Patents
ガラス壜の検査装置における基準画像の作成方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004036198A1 WO2004036198A1 PCT/JP2002/010839 JP0210839W WO2004036198A1 WO 2004036198 A1 WO2004036198 A1 WO 2004036198A1 JP 0210839 W JP0210839 W JP 0210839W WO 2004036198 A1 WO2004036198 A1 WO 2004036198A1
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- glass bottle
- image
- brightness
- images
- bottle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
- G01N21/9054—Inspection of sealing surface and container finish
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/93—Detection standards; Calibrating baseline adjustment, drift correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/28—Determining representative reference patterns, e.g. by averaging or distorting; Generating dictionaries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
- G06T7/001—Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
- G06V10/77—Processing image or video features in feature spaces; using data integration or data reduction, e.g. principal component analysis [PCA] or independent component analysis [ICA] or self-organising maps [SOM]; Blind source separation
- G06V10/772—Determining representative reference patterns, e.g. averaging or distorting patterns; Generating dictionaries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1765—Method using an image detector and processing of image signal
- G01N2021/177—Detector of the video camera type
- G01N2021/1776—Colour camera
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/845—Objects on a conveyor
- G01N2021/8455—Objects on a conveyor and using position detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/8901—Optical details; Scanning details
- G01N21/8903—Optical details; Scanning details using a multiple detector array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/892—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles characterised by the flaw, defect or object feature examined
- G01N21/896—Optical defects in or on transparent materials, e.g. distortion, surface flaws in conveyed flat sheet or rod
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for creating a reference image (template) in an inspection apparatus for a glass bottle, and particularly to a method for manufacturing a reference image (template) at a specific position such as a bottle opening of a glass bottle.
- Cracks may occur, and these cracks are called bills. There are a limited number of places where jars are formed in the bottle mouth, typically jars that occur near the top of the bottle, twists that occur in the threads of the bottle, and necks that occur in the bottle. There is a neck neck to do.
- vertical pillars that extend in the vertical direction (substantially vertical direction)
- horizontal columns that extend in the horizontal direction (substantially horizontal direction)
- diagonal columns that extend diagonally.
- This squeeze inspection device is composed of a plurality of pairs of transmitters and receivers arranged to surround the periphery of the bottle of a glass bottle, and the plurality of pairs of transmitters and receivers are to be inspected. Adjusted and placed at the optimum position for the bottle part of the glass bottle In a relationship. Then, the reflected light from the glass bottle is received by each pair of the light emitter and the light receiver, and the obtained signal is processed to detect the spike in the bottle.
- the light from the projector enters the bottle part, and if there is a bill, it is reflected by the cracked surface of the bill and shines brightly.Therefore, this reflected light is received by the receiver paired with the projector. The presence of a portion having a brightness equal to or higher than a predetermined value is detected to determine whether or not the bottle is stiff.
- the above-mentioned conventional piri inspection apparatus is provided with a plurality of inspection stations for inspecting the jar of the glass bottle, and the inspection star wheel holds the glass bottle and holds the glass bottle around the circumference.
- the glass bottles are conveyed and indexed (rotational indexing) of the glass bottles at multiple inspection stations. At the multiple inspection stations, the glass bottles are rotated, It is designed to exclusively detect defects such as twisting and necking. '
- the conventional inspection system described above has a plurality of inspection stations, and a plurality of pairs of light emitters and receivers are arranged for each inspection station.
- the angles and heights of a plurality of pairs of emitters and receivers at each inspection station must be readjusted, and the sensitivity of the receivers must be readjusted.
- the threaded portion has a complicated curved surface, so that there is often the same reflected light as that of the thread in the threaded portion. Processing is performed so that even if there is reflected light from the region where the thread portion exists, it is not determined to be viscous. Therefore, even if there is a run in the upper and lower regions of the thread part and the thread part, it is not detected.
- the seam of the bottle is also a curved surface that is continuous in the vertical direction. Since the same process is performed for the threaded part as for the part of the bottle, even if there is a twist in the joint part of this bottle and the surrounding area, it is not detected.
- the image taken by the receiver will be the same as a defective glass bottle, even if it is a normal glass bottle, and it is not possible to distinguish good bottles from defective bottles There is a problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not require re-adjustment at the time of a type change, and is a reference image used in a glass bottle inspection apparatus for detecting a defect at a specific position of the glass bottle. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for creating a (template).
- a method for creating a reference image according to the present invention is to obtain a plurality of images by photographing a plurality of glass bottles, which may be defective samples, with a CCD camera.
- the method is characterized in that a reference image in which a range of brightness when a good glass bottle is irradiated with light is specified from a plurality of images is specified.
- a reference image can be created by photographing a plurality of glass bottles serving as samples with a CCD camera and specifying the brightness range of a good glass bottle from the obtained plurality of images. .
- One preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for controlling the brightness of the specified brightness in the reference image.
- the range is the range between the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness, ascertaining the brightness of each pixel for the images of multiple good glass bottles, determining the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness for each pixel. It is characterized by:
- a plurality of images are formed by simultaneously photographing a glass bottle serving as one sample from a plurality of photographing angles with a plurality of CCD cameras, and creating a reference image for each predetermined angle. It is characterized by
- an image of a defective glass bottle is excluded from a plurality of images taken by the CCD camera, and only an image of a good glass bottle is obtained. It is characterized by.
- a frequency distribution of brightness of pixels located at the same position of the plurality of images is obtained, an average value and a standard deviation of the brightness of the pixels are calculated, and a standard deviation of the standard deviation is calculated from the average value.
- an image having the pixel is determined to be a defective glass bottle image and is excluded.
- a frequency distribution of brightness of pixels located at the same position of the plurality of images is obtained, an average value and a standard deviation of the brightness of the pixels are calculated, and a predetermined standard deviation is calculated from the average value.
- an image having the pixel is determined to be an image of a defective glass bottle and is excluded.
- the glass bottle inspection method of the present invention compares the reference image obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 with an image of a glass bottle to be inspected taken by a CCD camera. It is characterized by detecting a defect at a specific part of the bottle.
- the reference image creation device of the present invention includes a CCD camera that forms a plurality of images by photographing a plurality of glass bottles serving as a sample that may include a defective product, and a non-defective glass bottle from the plurality of obtained images.
- a CCD camera that forms a plurality of images by photographing a plurality of glass bottles serving as a sample that may include a defective product, and a non-defective glass bottle from the plurality of obtained images.
- the specified brightness range in the reference image is obtained by grasping the brightness of each pixel in an image of a plurality of non-defective glass bottles, and setting a maximum brightness and a minimum brightness for each pixel. It is characterized by a range between these maximum brightness and minimum brightness.
- a plurality of images are formed by simultaneously photographing a glass bottle serving as one sample from a plurality of photographing angles with a plurality of CCD cameras, and creating a reference image for each predetermined angle. It is characterized by
- the glass bottle inspection apparatus is an inspection apparatus that illuminates a glass bottle, captures light from the glass bottle, and detects defects in the glass bottle by image processing. And a plurality of CCD cameras arranged around the glass bottle for photographing a specific portion of the glass bottle, and an image processing device for processing an image obtained by the CCD camera. Compares a reference image obtained by the apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10 with an image of a glass bottle to be inspected taken by a CCD camera, and is located at a specific portion of the glass bottle. It is characterized by detecting defects.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a hemisphere of the inspection apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the behavior of light from illumination in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the image processing device of the inspection device and the CCD camera according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an image in which angle information and a mold number are written.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an image of a glass bottle serving as a sample.
- FIG. 7 is a frequency distribution showing the distribution of pixel brightness.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an image of a non-defective glass bottle.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the distribution of brightness of pixels in a specific row.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the brightness distribution of each pixel in the image of the glass bottle to be inspected and the template.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing a bright template
- FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram showing a microtemplate.
- Fig. 12A shows the bright template image imaged based on each value of the bright template shown in Fig. 11A
- Fig. 12B shows the bright template image based on each value of the dark template shown in Fig. 11B.
- the dark template image is shown.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a main part of the inspection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the behavior of light from illumination according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the image processing device of the inspection device and the CCD camera according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the glass bottle inspection apparatus according to the present invention describes the case where the specific part of the glass bottle to be inspected is a bottle part, and the defect to be inspected is The case where there is a molding failure in the bottle part or screw part in the bottle part will be explained.
- the glass bottle to be inspected is held by an inspection starwheel (not shown) and transported along a transport path on the circumference of the starwheel.
- the glass bottle inspection apparatus according to the present invention is disposed at one station (first inspection station) on the transfer path on the circumference of the star wheel.
- first inspection station the glass bottle conveyed by the star wheel is indexed (rotated and indexed), and the glass bottle inspection device according to the present invention detects a screw or a thread in the bottle portion.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a glass bottle inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the inspection device includes a hemisphere 4 arranged to cover a bottle part 3 of a glass bottle 2 placed on a rotatable turntable 1, and a column supporting the hemisphere 4. And 5.
- the center O of the hemisphere 4 substantially matches the bottle portion 3 of the glass bottle 2 placed on the turntable 1.
- the hemisphere 4 is attached to a column 5 via a vertically movable sliding member 6, and is configured to be vertically movable with respect to the column 5.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the hemisphere 4 shown in FIG.
- the top of the hemisphere 4 that is, the top of the glass bottle 2 of the glass bottle 2 on the turntable 1
- a light 7 for irradiating light is installed inside the bottle.
- a plurality of CCD cameras 10 to 20 are arranged so as to surround the bottle opening 3 of the glass bottle 2.
- the optical axes of these CCD cameras 10 to 20 are on a line extending radially from the center O of the hemisphere 4 (the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2).
- a total of 11 CCD cameras are arranged.
- one camera 10 is provided with a screw of a bottle section 3 of a glass bottle 2 placed on a turntable 1. Take a picture of the mountain and determine the reference position of the glass bottle 2 It is a camera dedicated to angle detection that detects the rotation angle with respect to. As shown in Fig. 1, the camera 10 dedicated to angle detection is arranged so that the elevation angle of the optical axis is 0 °, and photographs the screw thread of the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2 from the horizontal direction. To do so.
- Cameras 11 to 20 other than the camera 10 dedicated to angle detection are inspection CCD cameras for photographing the bottle 3 from various angles and inspecting the bottle 3 for sharpness.
- the angle between the projection of the optical axis of each camera on the horizontal plane and the optical axis of the camera 10 dedicated to angle detection is 25 ° (the first inspection CCD camera 11, the second inspection CCD camera 11).
- Inspection CCD cameras 11 to 20 are located at 5 ° (9th inspection CCD camera 19) and 32 ° (10th inspection CCD camera 20), respectively. Are located.
- the elevation angle of the optical axis of the first inspection CCD camera 11 is 30 °
- the second inspection CCD camera 12 is 0 °
- the fourth inspection CCD camera 14 is 55 °
- CCD camera 16 for inspection 16 45 °
- CCD camera 18 for inspection 8 Is 35 °
- the 10th inspection CCD camera 20 is 25 °.
- the third inspection CCD camera 13 and the ninth inspection CCD camera 19 are configured to be able to move up and down on the surface of the hemisphere 4, and the elevation angle of the optical axis can be freely set. It has become.
- the inspection unit is performing inspection of the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2
- the turntable 1 is rotating, and the CCD cameras 10 to 20 are rotated while the glass bottle 2 is rotated.
- the image processing device provided in the inspection device detects this bright area from the images obtained by the CCD cameras 10 to 20 described above, and determines that this is a bill.
- the part of the light L A that until Mabinro unit 3 enters the Binro portion 3 from the inner circumferential surface of the Binro 3 To Penetrate if there is a molding defect in the thread part, etc., the light from this defective molding part will be scattered in a direction that does not enter the corresponding CCD camera, and the image of the thread part that has been formed normally Since the image is slightly darker and more blurry than this, it is possible to detect the defect of the molding defect.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between the image processing apparatus and each of the CCD cameras 10 to 20.
- the image processing device 7 includes arithmetic boards 30 to 40 corresponding to the respective CCD cameras 10 to 20.
- the operation boards 30 to 40 are connected to the corresponding CCD cameras 10 to 20, respectively.
- the angle detection arithmetic board 30 to which the angle detection dedicated camera 10 is connected has a relationship between the height of the screw helix of the glass bottle 2 and the rotation angle of the glass bottle 2 with respect to a predetermined reference position in advance. It is remembered.
- the angle detection arithmetic board 30 detects the height position of the spiral of the screw thread from the image obtained by the camera 10 dedicated to angle detection, and uses the height position of the spiral screw thread as the reference position based on the relationship.
- the rotation angle of the glass bottle 2 at the time of shooting with respect to is detected.
- the detected rotation angle signal of the glass bottle 2 is sent to the operation boards 31 to 40 connected to the respective inspection CCD cameras 11 to 20.
- the angle detection dedicated camera 10 and the angle detection calculation board 30 constitute angle detection means for detecting the rotation angle of the glass bottle at the time of shooting with respect to the reference position.
- the calculation boards 31 to 40 connected to the respective inspection CCD cameras 11 to 20 store the rotation angle of the glass bottle 2 sent from the angle detection calculation board 30. This rotation angle is written as rotation angle information in each image transmitted and captured by each inspection CCD camera 11 to 20.
- the diffused light from the illumination 7 is incident on the glass bottle 2 from above the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2 placed on the turntable 1.
- the diffused light that has entered the bottle is diffused radially and passes through the bottle 3.
- the transmitted light radially transmitted through the bottle 3 is simultaneously photographed by all CCD cameras (11 CCD cameras) 10 to 20 arranged around the bottle 3.
- one CCD camera is a camera dedicated to angle detection, and the camera 10 dedicated to angle detection captures the thread of the bottle part 3 so that it can be used when capturing the reference position. Of a glass bottle The rotation angle can be detected.
- the angle detection dedicated camera 10 can detect the angle with respect to the reference position at the time of shooting.
- the reference position for example, the starting end which is the start of the thread may be set as the reference position (0 °).
- the angle detection dedicated camera 10 With reference to the angle detection dedicated camera 10, since the relative positions of the respective detection CCD cameras 11 to 20 with respect to the angle detection dedicated force camera 10 are predetermined, the angle detection dedicated camera 10.
- the rotation angle detected by the calculation board 30 of the above is considered by shifting the reference position relatively, so that the rotation when each of the detection CCD cameras 11 to 20 images the bottle 3 is taken. It can also be used as an angle. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the rotation angle sent from the angle detection arithmetic board 30 of the dedicated angle detection camera 10 is written in each image captured by each of the detection CCD cameras 11 to 20. Have been.
- the transmitted light transmitted through the bottle 3 is photographed at predetermined time intervals to obtain a large number of images. Then, the angle information at the time of shooting described above is written in all the images.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an image in which the rotation angle information and the mold number obtained as described above are written.
- the inspection result for example, the quality of the glass bottle may be written in each image.
- each image in which the angle information and the mold number etc. are written is compared with a reference image called a template prepared in advance before inspecting the glass bottle.
- a reference image (template) is prepared for each angle and each mold number, and the angle information and the reference image corresponding to the mold number written in the image obtained by each inspection CCD camera are provided.
- the selected reference image is compared with the image of the glass bottle to be inspected.
- a method of creating a reference image (hereinafter referred to as a template as appropriate) is roughly divided into three processes.
- a photographing process of photographing a plurality of glass bottles used for template creation with each CCD camera, and removing images of defective glass bottles from the group of images photographed in the photographing process This is an image selection process for selecting images of non-defective glass bottles, and an image creation process for creating a template based on the images selected in the image selection process.
- each step will be described in order.
- the basic data of the imaging process performed in this embodiment is as follows.
- a template that serves as a reference image When creating a template that serves as a reference image, if a defective product is included in multiple glass bottles used as samples, a template that includes light based on stiffness is created. become. In this way, if a template is created based on an image containing bright light from a part that should not shine, a glass bottle with a stiffness in that part cannot be determined to be defective. turn into. For these reasons, the pre-processing steps used to create a template An operation is performed to exclude images of defective glass bottles from a plurality of images.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an image of a glass bottle serving as a sample.
- FIG. 7 is a frequency distribution showing the distribution of pixel brightness.
- reference numeral 50 indicates a bright part.
- the vertical axis of the frequency distribution represents the number of pixels, and the horizontal axis represents brightness (0 to 255).
- the image of each of the CCD cameras 11 to 20 is composed of a pixel group of 64 ⁇ 64 pixels.
- the number of pixels can be appropriately adjusted.
- one image can be decomposed into 64 ⁇ 64 pixels.
- the pixels in the first row and first column from the decomposed pixel group are plotted on the graph for each image.
- the frequency representing the brightness distribution of the first row and the first column as shown in FIG. 7 is obtained. Distribution can be obtained. This frequency distribution is created from 1st row, 1st column to 64th row, 6th column.
- a standard deviation ⁇ indicating the degree of variation in brightness is calculated for each obtained frequency distribution.
- This standard deviation ⁇ is obtained by a general statistical method. Then, for example, when the brightness of the pixels is distributed within the range of ⁇ 2 ⁇ , the detection criterion is set so that the image is judged to be a good glass bottle image. If all sample glass bottles are good, the brightness of all pixels will be distributed around the average value X. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, all the pixels exist within the range of soil 2 ⁇ . In this case, no images are rejected and all 35 images are used for template creation.
- the part 60 of the image indicating the presence of the spit becomes extremely bright (see Fig. 6). Then, the frequency In the distribution, as shown in FIG. 7, the number 61 of pixels having the brightness corresponding to this part 60 is plotted in the area to the right of + 2 ⁇ . Then, it is determined that the image having such pixels has a blur. Similarly, when there is an extremely dark part, the number of pixels having the brightness corresponding to this part is plotted in the area on the left side of 12 ⁇ . Then, it is determined that an image having such pixels includes a thread portion or the like having a molding defect. These images are then excluded from the images used to create the template.
- the image selection step is performed using a statistical method.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and another method may be used as long as an image to be excluded can be specified.
- a plurality of images obtained by the photographing process may be displayed on a display for each mold and each angle, and an operator may visually select the images on the display to select images of defective glass bottles.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing an image of a good glass bottle.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a distribution of brightness of pixels in a specific row.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the brightness distribution of each pixel of the image of the glass bottle to be inspected and the template.
- the template in the present embodiment is created for each pixel row of the image.
- a certain pixel row is specified. For example, in FIG. 8, assume that the third line is specified.
- the specified pixel row is placed in the column direction (the horizontal direction in FIG. 8,
- each pixel on the specified pixel row is plotted on a graph, with the vertical axis representing the brightness level of the pixel and the horizontal axis representing the column number of the pixel.
- the pixels in the third row are located in the dark area 70. Therefore, the line drawn when each pixel in the third row is plotted on the graph is a straight line located near brightness 0.
- the line drawn when each pixel in this row is plotted becomes T1 shown in FIG. That is, in the 10th row, the bright portion 50 formed by the light from the thread portion runs, so that the pixel corresponding to the bright portion 50 exhibits a high degree of brightness.
- each pixel in the same row is plotted on the same graph.
- 35 line groups (only four lines T1 to T4 in FIG. 9) A brightness distribution map consisting of is created. In this way, a brightness distribution map is created for all rows from 1 to 64.
- the maximum area defined by these line groups is the area to be used as a template.
- the line connecting the points indicating the maximum value (maximum brightness) for each column is defined as a bright template line ⁇ .max, and the minimum value (minimum value)
- the line obtained by connecting the points indicating (brightness) is ⁇ template line T min.
- an area surrounded by the light template line Tmax and the dark template line Tmin becomes a reference image (template) to be obtained.
- a range between the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness is continuously formed in the column direction between the bright template line TmaX and the blue template line Tmin. In this way, 64 templates are created at the mold number Ml and the angle A1.
- each inspection CCD camera 11 to 20 is a mold, square In other words, each pixel row has a template.
- the degree of occurrence of jarring and the like of glass bottles greatly depends on the molds. Can be enhanced.
- the reference image (template) obtained by the above-described method is compared with the image obtained from the glass bottle to be inspected, and it is determined whether or not there is a molding defect in a pill or a thread portion in the bottle portion. The determination method will be described.
- a template created under the same conditions (mold, angle, etc.) as the image to be inspected based on various information such as the angle information and mold number given to the image is used as a comparison target. Selected.
- the image of the glass bottle to be inspected is compared with the template for each pixel row. Specifically, a line indicating the brightness distribution in the column direction in a specific pixel row is compared with the template. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, a line S1 indicating the degree of brightness of the glass bottle to be inspected is surrounded by a non-defective region (a bright template line Tmax and a dark template line Tmin) of the template. The glass bottle is judged to be good if it is entirely within the area.
- the glass bottle is determined to be defective.
- the glass bottle contains a screw or a thread in the bottle section. Is determined to have a molding defect.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing a bright template
- FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram showing a ⁇ template.
- a process of creating a bright template will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11A.
- the brightness level of the bright template line T max of a specific row can be quantified within the range of 0 to 255 for each column.
- each numerical value indicating the degree of brightness is plotted on the corresponding row of the table composed of 64 rows ⁇ 64 columns shown in FIG. 11A.
- a numerical value indicating the degree of brightness of the m columns of the n rows of bright template lines T max is plotted in a section located at the n rows and m columns of the table.
- the degree of brightness of 0 to 255 is represented by a hexadecimal notation.
- Fig. 11A shows a bright template image based on each numerical value of the bright template shown in Fig. 11A
- Fig. 12B shows a bright template image based on each numerical value of the template shown in Fig. 11B.
- 5 shows a dark template image that has been imaged.
- each pixel has Although the example of digitizing brightness has been described, two-dimensional two-dimensional light and dark templates can also be obtained by digitizing the degree of brightness of each pixel for each pixel instead of for each row. Can be created.
- the glass bottle to be inspected has a molding defect such as a pill or a thread at the bottle mouth.
- the method is explained. First, the specific row of the image of the glass bottle to be inspected
- the brightness of each pixel in that row is quantified.
- the brightness of each pixel from column 1 to column 64 in that row is determined by the range of maximum and minimum brightness determined by the bright and dark templates (hereinafter referred to as the non-defective range). It is determined whether or not it exists. This process is performed for all rows from 1 to 64. Then, if the brightness of all pixels constituting the image to be inspected is within the acceptable range, it is determined that the glass bottle does not have molding defects such as pills or screw threads in the bottle part. .
- the image is judged to be an image of a defective glass bottle, and the glass bottle has a slip in the bottle opening or It is determined that there is a molding failure in the thread portion or the like.
- the allowable value from the non-defective range and the specified value of the number of pixels which are criteria for determining a defective product, can be set according to the inspection accuracy to be achieved. For example, when a predetermined number of adjacent pixels in an image have brightness outside the non-defective range, the image may be determined to be an image of a defective glass bottle.
- the inside of the glass bottle is illuminated, and the vignetting or molding defect is detected from the transmitted light transmitted through the bottle. .
- the lateral chatter extending in the horizontal direction can be completely detected.
- most of the vertical runout extending in the vertical direction can be detected. Is completely coincident with the direction extending in the radial direction from the axis of the bottle, the transmitted light passing through the bottle will travel parallel to the crack surface, and it may not be possible to detect the vertical run. is there.
- a second inspection station is provided in the middle of the transport path on the circumference of the star wheel, and the second inspection station inspects glass bottles that detect vertical warpage by reflected light. Equipment is located.
- the inspection apparatus using the transmitted light shown in FIGS. 1 to 12A and 12B is of course installed in the first inspection station.
- FIG. 13 An apparatus for detecting a vertical bottle, which detects a vertical bottle, will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16.
- FIG. 13 An apparatus for detecting a vertical bottle, which detects a vertical bottle, will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16.
- Fig. 13 is a plan view showing the main part of the inspection device for detecting vertical runout
- Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 13
- Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 13.
- the inspection device includes a hemisphere 104 arranged to cover the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2.
- the center 0 of the hemisphere 104 substantially coincides with the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2.
- a first light 107a for irradiating light to the bottle 3 of the glass bottle 2 is provided on the side of the hemisphere 104, that is, on the side of the bottle 3 of the glass bottle 2, a first light 107a for irradiating light to the bottle 3 of the glass bottle 2 is provided. .
- a plurality of CCD cameras 110 to 119 are arranged so as to surround them.
- the optical axes of these CCD cameras 110 to 119 are on a line extending radially from the center O of the hemisphere 104 (the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2).
- a total of ten CCD cameras are arranged, and one of these cameras 110 captures the screw thread of the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2 and shoots the glass bottle. It is an angle detection power lens that detects the rotation angle of 2.
- the angle detection camera 110 is positioned so that the elevation angle of its optical axis is 0 °, and photographs the screw thread of the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2 from the horizontal direction. I'm going to do it.
- the side facing the camera 110 dedicated to angle detection of the hemisphere 104 A light 107 b is provided, and the second illumination 107 b illuminates the thread of the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2.
- the light emitted from the second illumination 107b is infrared light, and does not interfere with the light emitted from the first illumination 107a. Further, the camera 110 dedicated to angle detection receives only infrared light emitted from the second illumination 107 b.
- the cameras 111 to 119 other than the angle detection camera 110 are inspection CCD cameras for photographing the bottle 3 from various angles and inspecting the bottle 3 for stiffness.
- the angle between the projection of the optical axis of each camera on the horizontal plane and the optical axis of the camera 110 dedicated to angle detection is 90 ° (the first detection CCD camera 111).
- the CCD camera for inspection 1 1 1 to 1 1 9) and the CCD camera for inspection 1 1 1 to 1 1 9 are located at such a position as to be 3 17 ° (the CCD camera 1 9 for inspection 9). Each is located.
- the elevation angle of the optical axis of the first inspection CCD camera 111 is 40 °
- the second inspection CCD camera 112 is 35 °
- the third inspection CCD camera 113 is 0 °.
- 4th inspection CCD camera 1 14 is 50 °
- 5th inspection CCD camera 1 15 is 40 °
- 6th inspection CCD camera 1 16 is 10 °
- 7th inspection CCD The camera 117 has a 35 ° angle
- the eighth inspection CCD camera 118 has a 35 ° angle
- the ninth inspection CCD camera 119 has an angle of 0 °.
- the light L c from the first illumination 1 0 7 a, and enters from the outer circumferential surface of the Binro portion 3 of the glass bottle 2 to Binro unit 3.
- Binro portion 3 vertical Billiton
- the reflected light L D is the Binro 3 Transparent inside
- the image is captured by the above-described inspection CCD cameras 111 to 119.
- the light L D reflected on the crack plane of the pilus C is brighter than the light transmitted through other parts, and therefore, in the image taken with the CCD camera 11 Is a lighter area than other parts.
- the image processing device provided in the detection device detects this bright region from the images obtained by the above-described CCD cameras 11 1 to 11 19 and determines that the region is stiff.
- the light L c from the first lighting 1 0 7 a as bottle enters the Binro portion 3 from the outer peripheral surface of Binro 3 Either transmits through part 3 or reflects on the outer peripheral surface of bottle part 3.
- the configuration of the image processing device is the same as that of the image processing device of the inspection device in the first embodiment described above, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
- Infrared light from the second illumination 107 b enters the bottle 3 from the side of the bottle 3 of the glass bottle 2 placed on the turntable 1 and passes through the bottle 3 .
- the infrared light transmitted through the bottle part 3 is photographed by the angle detection camera 110 provided opposite to the second illumination 107 b.
- the angle detection camera 110 captures the thread of the bottle holder 3 to detect the rotation angle of the glass bottle at the time of shooting with respect to the reference position at the time of shooting. be able to.
- the diffused light from the first illumination 107 a is incident on the bottle part 3 of the glass bottle 2 placed on the turntable 1.
- the inspection CCD cameras 1 1 1 to 1 1 9 capture the light reflected from the bottle 3 of the glass bottle 2. In this case, if there is a pill inside the bottle part 3, it will enter the inside of the bottle part from the outer peripheral surface of the bottle part 3. After the emitted light is reflected by the cracked surface of the bill, the reflected light passes through the bottle part 3 and is photographed by the CCD cameras 11 1 to 11.
- the camera dedicated to angle detection Based on the camera 110 dedicated to angle detection, since the relative positions of the inspection CCD cameras 111 to 119 relative to the camera 110 dedicated to angle detection are predetermined, the camera dedicated to angle detection The rotation angle detected by 110 is considered as the rotation angle when each detection CCD camera 11 1 to 11 captures bottle 3 by considering the reference position relatively shifted. Can also be used. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the rotation angle detected by the angle detection dedicated camera 110 is written in each image captured by each of the detection CCD cameras 11 to 11. I have. Then, similarly to the first embodiment, a comparison is made between the reference image (template) and the image obtained from the glass bottle to be inspected to determine whether or not the bottle portion has a warp.
- the calculation ports 30 to 40 of the image processing device 8 of the inspection device in the first inspection station and the image processing device 1 of the inspection device in the second inspection station are used.
- the above-mentioned reference image may be created by connecting the operation board 13 0 to 13 9 of 08 to the host computer 14 1 via the Ethernet 140, for example. That is, the images taken by the CCD cameras 10 to 20 and 110 to 119 of each inspection device are sent to the host computer 141, and based on these images, the host computer 14
- the reference image can also be created by the method shown in FIG.
- a plurality of glass bottles serving as samples are photographed by a CCD camera, and the brightness range of a good glass bottle is specified from the obtained plurality of images.
- a reference image is created in advance based on an image of a glass bottle having no defects (good bottle), and an actual image obtained by photographing the glass bottle to be inspected and the reference image
- to detect defects in specific parts of the glass bottle such as defects such as pills in the thread part of the glass bottle with screw threads and defects such as stiffness in the joint part of the bottle. Can be.
- the present invention is used in a glass bottle inspection apparatus for detecting a defect at a specific position, such as a bottle opening of a glass bottle, by imaging, and compares the image with an image obtained from a glass bottle to be inspected by the inspection apparatus.
- the present invention can be suitably used for a method and an apparatus for creating a reference image (template) to be used.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/531,535 US7330251B2 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | Method and apparatus for producing reference image in glass bottle inspecting apparatus |
AU2002344112A AU2002344112A1 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | Method and device for preparing reference image in glass bottle inspection device |
DE60225354T DE60225354T2 (de) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines referenzbildes bei einer prüfvorrichtung für glasflaschen |
JP2004544713A JP4478786B2 (ja) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | ガラス壜の検査方法 |
PCT/JP2002/010839 WO2004036198A1 (ja) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | ガラス壜の検査装置における基準画像の作成方法及び装置 |
EP02777887A EP1560018B1 (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | Method and device for preparing reference image in glass bottle inspection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/010839 WO2004036198A1 (ja) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | ガラス壜の検査装置における基準画像の作成方法及び装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004036198A1 true WO2004036198A1 (ja) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=32104839
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2002/010839 WO2004036198A1 (ja) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | ガラス壜の検査装置における基準画像の作成方法及び装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7330251B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1560018B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4478786B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002344112A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60225354T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004036198A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060045324A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US7330251B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 |
EP1560018A4 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
JP4478786B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
EP1560018A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
JPWO2004036198A1 (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
AU2002344112A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1560018B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
DE60225354T2 (de) | 2009-02-19 |
DE60225354D1 (de) | 2008-04-10 |
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