WO2004029312A1 - 超硬質・強靭で優れた耐食性を有するナノ結晶オ−ステナイト鋼バルク材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
超硬質・強靭で優れた耐食性を有するナノ結晶オ−ステナイト鋼バルク材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004029312A1 WO2004029312A1 PCT/JP2003/012343 JP0312343W WO2004029312A1 WO 2004029312 A1 WO2004029312 A1 WO 2004029312A1 JP 0312343 W JP0312343 W JP 0312343W WO 2004029312 A1 WO2004029312 A1 WO 2004029312A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/07—Metallic powder characterised by particles having a nanoscale microstructure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/006—Amorphous articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
- B22F9/004—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline by diffusion, e.g. solid state reaction
- B22F9/005—Transformation into amorphous state by milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal, in particular, a nanocrystalline austenitic steel plaque material having ultra-hard and tough and excellent corrosion resistance, and a method for producing the same.
- the coercive force decreases as the crystal grain size D becomes smaller in the nano-order particle size range, as opposed to when the crystal grain size D is in the micron-order range.
- the grain size D of many metal materials manufactured by the melting method is usually several micron to several tens of microns, and it is difficult to make D nano-order even by post-processing.
- the lower limit of the grain size that can be reached is about 4 to 5 ⁇ m. Therefore, such an ordinary method cannot obtain a material whose particle size has been reduced to the nano-size level.
- refractory materials N i 3 A 1 useful as super hard material, C 3 T i, N i (S i, T i), T i intermetallic compounds such as A 1 or A 1 ⁇ 3, Z R_ ⁇ 2, the T i C, C r C 2 , T i N, oxide or non-oxide ceramics such as T i B 2, both because of its brittleness at normal temperature generally difficult its plastic working Yes, forming using superplasticity in a relatively high temperature range is extremely important.
- Chromium with a composition equivalent to SUS304 a typical austenitic stainless steel, can be added to nitrogen-based stainless steel in an amount of, for example, 0.9% (mass). Steel increases its resistance (yield strength) to about three times that of SUS304 stainless steel, and this is not accompanied by a decrease in crushing toughness, and it also increases pitting resistance in terms of corrosion resistance. And significantly reduces stress corrosion cracking susceptibility.
- nitrogen is an extremely strong austenitic stabilizing element, it can not only replace expensive nickel without deteriorating the strength characteristics and corrosion resistance of austenitic steel, but also work under strong cold working. It shows excellent properties such as suppressing induced martensitic transformation.
- high-manganese austenitic steel which has attracted much attention as a steel type that supports the next-generation large-scale technology (peripheral technologies such as magnetic levitation trains and superconducting applied equipment), is not suitable for chromium-nickel or chromium-manganese austenitic steel As with, no material with a nano-order grain structure has been provided. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention solves the above problems, and is the following invention.
- the present invention basically provides mechanical milling (MM) or mechanical alloying (MA) treatment using a ball mill or the like of elemental metal powder alone or a mixed powder obtained by adding other elements to the metal powder.
- MM mechanical milling
- MA mechanical alloying
- MA mechanical alloying
- the present invention is an austenitic steel bulk material having the following configuration and a method for producing the same or use.
- An austenitic steel bulk material consisting of an aggregate of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution nitrogen,
- a nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material that is characterized by becoming ultra-hard and tough and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- An austenitic steel bulk material comprising an aggregate of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen,
- a metal or metalloid nitride is present as a crystal growth inhibitor between the nanocrystal particles (between the particles), inside the particles, or between the particles and inside the particles.
- a nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material that is characterized by being ultra-hard and tough and having excellent corrosion resistance.
- a porcelain austenitic steel comprising an aggregate of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen,
- An ultra-hard and tough nanocrystalline austenitic steel pulp material having excellent corrosion resistance characterized in that a metal or metalloid carbide is present as a crystal grain growth inhibitor between particles and inside the particles.
- An austenitic steel bulk material comprising an aggregate of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen,
- a metal or metalloid silicide is used as a grain growth inhibitor between the particles (between the particles) of the nanocrystal particles, inside the particles, or between the particles and inside the particles.
- a nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material that is characterized by being made to exist and is tough and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- An austenitic steel bulk material comprising an aggregate of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid-solution nitrogen,
- a metal or metalloid boride (boride) is present as a crystal grain growth inhibitor between the particles (between the particles) or inside the same nanoparticle, or between the particles and inside the same particle.
- An austenitic steel bulk material comprising an aggregate of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen,
- Austenitic steel bulk material consisting of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen is contained in its constituent structure.
- (1) to (6) wherein the nanocrystalline austenite having excellent hardness and excellent corrosion resistance according to any one of the above (1) to (6), which is characterized by containing less than 50% of ferrite nanocrystal particles.
- Steel bulk material consisting of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystal grains containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen is contained in its constituent structure.
- the superiority of the austenitic nanocrystal particles constituting the nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material containing 0.1% to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution nitrogen is described as follows. When the content is within the range of 0.1 to 2.0% by mass, most of the nitrogen is effectively dissolved in the matrix of the austenitic crystal (ground), and as the nitrogen concentration increases, the hardness and strength of the bulk material increase. Not only does this significantly increase, but especially when the nitrogen concentration described below is 0.1 to 0.9% (mass), a very tough nanocrystalline austenitic steel barta can be obtained.
- a bulk material consisting of austenitic nanocrystal grains or an aggregate thereof containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution nitrogen contains oxygen in the form of a metal or metalloid oxide. Characterized in that the content is from 01 to 1.0% (mass).
- the nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material according to any one of (1), (6) and (7) which is ultra-hard and tough and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- a bulk material composed of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystal particles containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid-solution nitrogen has a nitrogen compound content of 1 to 30% (mass).
- the nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material according to any one of (2), (6), (7) and (8) which is ultra-hard and tough and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- a bulk material consisting of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystalline particles containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid-solution type nitrogen is used to prevent nitrogen denitrification during the solidification and molding process.
- a nitrogen-affinity metal element such as niobium, tantalum, manganese, or chromium, which has a higher chemical affinity with iron.
- nanocrystalline austenitic copper bulk material according to any one of the above 1), which is super-hard and tough and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- the steel-forming component and the compounding composition of the bulk material composed of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystalline particles containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid-solution nitrogen are as follows:
- the steel-forming component and the composition of the bulk material composed of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystalline particles containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid-solution nitrogen are as follows:
- the austenitic nanocrystal particles containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen are obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) using a ball mill or the like.
- the austenitic nanocrystal particles constituting the nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material preferably contain 0.3 to 1.0% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen, particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.9% (mass).
- the content of solid solution type nitrogen is less than 0.3%, the hardness of the bulk material cannot be increased significantly, and if it exceeds 1.0%, the bulk Although the hardness of the material increases, there is no improvement in toughness, and the content is very high at a content of 0.3 to 1.0% (mass), particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.9% (mass). It can have high hardness and high toughness.
- the significance of setting the grain size of the austenitic nanocrystalline particles constituting the nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material to 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably 75 to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 100 to 300 nm is explained. If the diameter is smaller than 50 ⁇ m, the density of dislocations, which serve as a medium for promoting plastic deformation, within the nanocrystal grains becomes extremely small, and a problem arises as a practical material in that plastic working of the bulk material becomes difficult. On the other hand, if it exceeds l OOO nm, the dislocation density will increase greatly, and the plasticity of the bulk material will increase, but a reduction in the strength (strength) will be inevitable.
- the austenite grains in the bulk material are 50-1000 nm, preferably 75-500 nm, more preferably 100-300 nm, the ideal austenite with high strength (high strength) and easy plastic working It becomes a steel bulk material. Unless particularly high strength is required, the bulk material after solidification When the annealing temperature is increased to 1200 ° C ( ⁇ 1250 ° C), austenite with large grains up to 5000 nm (5. Easy production of steel bulk materials
- Each fine powder of austenitic steel forming components such as iron and chromium, nickel, manganese or carbon is mixed with a nitrogen source material,
- Ultra-hard and tough consisting of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystalline particles containing 0.1 to 2.0% (mass) of solid solution nitrogen by solidification molding such as solidification molding or explosion molding
- a method for producing a nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material characterized by being a corrosion-resistant austenitic steel bulk material.
- the austenitic steel fine powder After manufacturing a high nitrogen concentration nanocrystalline austenitic steel fine powder by mechanical alloying (MA) using a ball mill etc., the austenitic steel fine powder is subjected to discharge plasma sintering in a vacuum or in an oxidation-suppressed atmosphere. It is solidified, then rolled, and quenched to contain 0.3 to 1.0% (mass), more preferably 0.4 to 0.9% (mass) of solid solution type nitrogen.
- Austenitic steel bulk consisting of aggregates of austenitic nanocrystalline particles having a crystal grain size of 50 to; 1000 nm, more preferably 75 to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 100 to 300 nm) and having excellent corrosion resistance.
- a method for producing nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material which is characterized by being made into a material.
- the nanocrystalline austenite, wherein the solidified molded article according to the above (20) or (22) is baked at a temperature of 800 to I 200 ° C. for 60 minutes or less, and then rapidly cooled. Manufacturing method of steel bulk material.
- an atmosphere subjected to mechanical ⁇ b queuing is, (1) an argon gas of any inert gas, (2) N 2 gas, or (3) NH 3 any one selected from a gas, or (1) -
- Nitrogen sources include metal nitrides or nitrogen-affinity metals such as niobium, tantalum, manganese, chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum, which have a greater chemical affinity for nitrogen than 0.5 to 10% (mass) of iron.
- dispersing the added nitride in the mechanical alloying (MA) process and the solidification molding process of the mechanical alloying (MA) treated powder, or the metal element or its nitride, carbonitriding Precipitates and disperses things, etc.
- the method for producing a nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material according to any one of the above (20) to (29), characterized in that the bulk material is an austenitic steel bulk material having super-hardness, toughness, and excellent corrosion resistance.
- Each fine powder of austenitic steel forming component of high manganese-carbon steel type mainly composed of iron, manganese and carbon is mixed with fine powder of metal nitride such as iron nitride as a nitrogen source,
- the austenitic steel powder is subjected to heat such as sheath rolling, spark plasma sintering, and extrusion molding.
- A is characterized in that it is made into an austenitic steel bulk material having super-hardness and toughness and excellent corrosion resistance by solidification molding treatment such as inter-solidification molding or explosion molding.
- the amount of oxygen mixed into the high nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel powder from the processing vessel, hard steel balls, etc. during mechanical alloying (MA) processing is adjusted to 0.01 to 1.0% (mass), Oxidation of metal or metal oxide, which is a compound of oxygen, promotes the refinement of one layer of crystal grains at the nano-size level in the mechanical alloying (MA) process, and improves the mechanical powder (MA) treated powder.
- each powder when the powder material ⁇ ⁇ as a simple metal is subjected to mechanical milling (MM) or mechanical alloying (MA), each powder becomes a powder having an ultra-fine crystal grain structure.
- MM mechanical milling
- MA mechanical alloying
- a Fe—N alloy powder as a nitrogen source material for example, a chromium-nickel-based or chromium-manganese-based elemental mixed powder composed of iron and chromium, nickel, manganese, carbon, or the like is used.
- MA mechanical processing
- the elemental elements in the raw material powder are mechanically alloyed (austenitized) without going through the melting process, and conventional techniques such as the melting method Nano size that cannot be achieved Austenitic steel powder having a grain structure of, and extremely solid solution strengthened by the solid solution of nitrogen in the austenite phase.
- high manganese austenitic steels having a nanocrystalline structure can be easily produced by applying the same MA treatment and solidification molding technology as described above.
- FIG. 1 shows the results obtained by adding 15 atomic% of another element (A) to the powder of each element of iron, cobalt, and nickel used in the embodiment of the present invention and subjecting to 50 hours of mechanical alloying (MA) treatment. It is the average crystal grain size of the element.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a change in coercive force He (k O e) depending on the average crystal grain size D (nm) of iron and cobalt subjected to mechanical milling (MM) used in the embodiment of the present invention. .
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the extrusion molding of the powder sample used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction of the mechanically treated (MA) powder used in the embodiment of the present invention. (XRD) FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an XRD diagram of the MA-treated powder used in Examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the austenitization of the MA-treated powder sample used in the examples of the present invention ( This shows the situation of demagnetization) by changing the magnetization Mmax (e mu / g) with the MA processing time (t).
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a solidification molding process by spark plasma sintering (SPS) used in an example of the present invention.
- SPS spark plasma sintering
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a solidification molding process by sheath rolling (SR) used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an XRD diagram of the MA sample before and after solidification molding of SPS at 900 ° C. used in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of an MA sample compact (about 5 mm thick) formed by SPS at 900 ° C. used in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the residual ratio R e (%) of nitrogen in the MA sample subjected to SPS molding at 900 ° C. used in the examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an XRD diagram of a MA sample which was formed by SPS at 900 ° C. and used in Examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a columnar specimen having an annular notch at the center used for the delayed fracture test. Explanation of reference numerals
- T Molding temperature
- t Molding time Best mode for carrying out the invention
- iron and fine powders of austenitic steel forming components such as chromium, nickel, manganese or carbon are subjected to mechanical alloying (MA) treatment at room temperature in an atmosphere such as argon gas using a ball mill or the like. Is applied.
- the MA-treated powder is easily refined to a grain size of about 15 to 25 nm by the mechanical energy applied by the ball mill.
- the MA-treated powder is vacuum-sealed in a stainless steel tube (sheath) having an inner diameter of about 7 mm, and the resulting material is sheathed using a rolling mill at a temperature around 800 to 100 ° C.
- a sheet having a thickness of about 1.5 mm can be easily manufactured.
- a chromium-nickel system or a chromium-manganese system in which elemental powders such as iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese and powders such as iron nitride serving as a nitrogen (N) source are prepared so as to have a target composition.
- the mixed powder of the materials is subjected to mechanical alloying (MA) treatment at room temperature in an atmosphere such as argon gas using a ball mill.
- the mechanically alloyed (MA) treated powder is mechanically alloyed without going through the melting process by the mechanical energy added by a ball mill or the like, and the mechanically alloyed (MA) treated alloy is processed.
- the powder is refined to a level of several nm to several tens of nanometers to become a chromium-nickel or chromium-manganese high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel powder.
- Such austenitic steel powder is vacuum-sealed in a stainless steel tube (sheath) having an inner diameter of about 7 mm, and solidified by, for example, sheet rolling using a rolling mill at 900 ° C.
- a high N austenitic steel sheet having a thickness of about 1.5 mm and a nanocrystalline structure composed of crystal grains of about 30 to 80 nm can be easily manufactured.
- the amount of oxygen necessarily mixed in the form of metal or metalloid oxide into the mechanically treated (MA) powder described in the preceding paragraph in the form of metal or metalloid oxide is reduced to about 0.5% (mass). To suppress coarsening of crystal grains during the solidification molding process.
- a particle dispersant such as A1N and NbN is added to the powder treated with mechanical alloying (MA). It is more preferable to add / 0 .
- a particle dispersant such as A1N and NbN is added to the powder treated with mechanical alloying (MA). It is more preferable to add / 0 .
- iron nitride as a nitrogen (N) source is added, and this mixed powder has a greater chemical affinity for N than iron. If the metal elements niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, etc. are added or increased as appropriate in the range of up to 10% (mass), and the mechanical alloying (MA) treatment is performed, the grain refinement in the MA process will be reduced.
- these metal elements increase the solubility of N in the matrix (austenite) and significantly reduce the diffusion coefficient of N. By adjusting the time, etc., denitrification from the matrix phase can be almost completely prevented.
- a high-melting element such as niobium or tantalum also has the effect of suppressing crystal grain coarsening during the solidification molding process.
- an elemental mixed powder of iron, manganese, and carbon having a high manganese oxide steel composition containing about 20 to 30% (mass) of manganese is placed in an argon gas atmosphere using a ball mill.
- MA mechanical alloying
- the MA-treated alloy powder becomes a high-manganese nanocrystalline austenitic steel fine powder on the order of several nm to several tens of nm.
- a high manganese austenitic steel having a thickness of about 1.5 mm and having a nanocrystalline structure of about 50 to 70 nm can be easily produced.
- Figure 1 shows that powders of iron, cobalt, and nickel are added as carbon (A) to other elements.
- C niobium
- Nb tantalum
- T a titanium
- T i phosphorus
- P boron
- B boron
- nitrogen N data is for iron only.
- M iron, cobalt or nickel
- Elemental mixed powder 5 O h hour
- MA mechanical alloying
- D. , Dc ,,, D Ni are each processed iron, cobalt, average crystal grain size of the nickel (nm). According to this figure, the refinement of the crystal grains of the iron, cobalt and nickel elements can be more effectively promoted by adding carbon, niobium, tantalum, titanium, etc. to the mechanical poring process. It can be seen that both elements are refined to a particle size of several nano-orders.
- Example 2 In the case of copper, aluminum, and titanium, the addition of other elements promoted the miniaturization of crystal grains, and the effect of carbon, phosphorus, and boron was particularly large in these elements.
- Example 2 In the case of copper, aluminum, and titanium, the addition of other elements promoted the miniaturization of crystal grains, and the effect of carbon, phosphorus, and boron was particularly large in these elements.
- Figure 2 shows the relationship between the average grain size D (nm) and the coercive force He (k ⁇ e) of iron and cobalt treated by mechanical milling (MM).
- Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the extrusion molding process (extrusion pressure: 98MPa) at 1000 ° C performed on the powder samples (a) and (b) of TiC alone.
- Fig. 4 shows the chromium-nickel powder blended from the elemental powders of Fe, Cr and Ni and the e-N alloy (5.85% (mass) content N) powder to achieve the target composition.
- the symbol ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ indicates that the generated phase is austenite ( ⁇ ), and the symbol indicates that it is martensite ( ⁇ ') generated by strong working in the heat treatment process.
- Fig. 4 when nitrogen ( ⁇ ) is not contained (a), the content of nickel (y) must be at least 14% (mass) in order to form an austenitic single phase (Fig. a)) Force Nitrogen (N) is added by 0.9% (mass), nickel content However, it can be seen that when the content is more than 6% (mass), it is almost austenite. This means that the austenitization is remarkably promoted (Fig. 2 (b)), and the amount of expensive nickel added to make the mechanically rolling (MA) product an austenitic single phase can be greatly reduced. Is shown. Fig. 5 shows the results for the chromium-manganese Fes3 ., Cr, s Mn, 5 Mo : 1 No.
- Example 5 As mechanical solidification (MA) treatment samples for solidification molding in Example 5 and later described below, those used for each sample were confirmed to be an austenitic single phase by XRD and VSM. '' Example 5:
- Figure 7 illustrates the solidification molding process of mechanically processed (MA) powder using a general-purpose spark plasma sintering (Spark Plasma Sintering, SPS) machine (power supply: DC 3 ⁇ 1V, 600 ⁇ 100A).
- SPS spark Plasma Sintering
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a solidification molding process of a mechanically-alloying (MA) -treated powder by sheath rolling (Sheathr R011 ing, SR).
- MA mechanically-alloying
- MA mechanical alloying
- sheath rolling temperature 650 ⁇ 1000 ° C
- FIG. 10 is an observation diagram (SEM diagram) of the cross section of the compact by SPS of the sample, which is taken by a scanning electron microscope.
- Table 1 shows the average grain size (D) of the treated sample before and after SPS molding at 900 ° C. It is as follows. 1] Fe 60 55 Cr 18 Mn 18 Mo 3 N 0 45 (% by mass)
- Example 8 From the above Example 7, FIG. 9 and Table 1, it was found that according to the present invention, considerable crystal grain growth was observed during the SPS solidification molding process, but the nanostructure could be maintained after the molding.
- Example 8 From the above Example 7, FIG. 9 and Table 1, it was found that according to the present invention, considerable crystal grain growth was observed during the SPS solidification molding process, but the nanostructure could be maintained after the molding.
- Figure 11 shows the results of various mechanical alloying (MA) treatments of the following (a) to (g) powder samples that were SPS molded at 900 ° C.
- MA mechanical alloying
- N s Nitrogen content (% by mass) in the sample after SPS molding. From the same figure, the chromium-manganese-based samples (a), (b), and (c) have a Re of 100%, whereas the chromium-nickel system sample (d) (high nitrogen stainless steel equivalent to SUS 304 steel) has an R e of about 85%, indicating that nitrogen contained in the mechanical alloying (MA) treated sample Approximately 15% of the steel was lost during the SPS molding process. However, the residual nitrogen content Re increased significantly in sample (d) to which manganese was added (sample (e)) or in which chromium was added to the sample (sample (f)).
- Example 9 according to the present invention, in the high nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel (nitrogen concentration: 0.9% by mass) having a composition equivalent to SUS304, solidification by sheath rolling (SR) was performed.
- the hardness is about 4 times that of SUS 304 stainless steel manufactured by the melting method (hardness higher than that of the high-carbon steel martensite structure), and the heat resistance is about 6 times that of ultra-high tensile strength steel. (Class value), and it was found that annealing can produce a product with considerably high elongation.
- Example 10 In view of Example 10 and Table 3 (results of sample a), it was found that the high nitrogen Cr-Mn system Fe 6 3.. Cr, s Mn isMo 3 Nc. 9 (mass 0 / o) material also The SR + annealed material was found to be capable of producing a high-strength, highly ductile material as in the case of the high-nitrogen Cr-Ni-based material shown in Table 2.
- the austenite-ferrite-based material (ferrite phase: about 40%) has a larger grain size during the SR forming process than the austenitic-based material (sample a). Growth is remarkably suppressed, and its hardness and strength ( ⁇ ⁇ .2 and It was also found that mechanical properties such as austenitic materials and ⁇ ⁇ ) can be manufactured.
- Example 12 and Table 5 When the results of sample a in Example 12 and Table 5 are compared with those of the ⁇ SR + annealed '' material in Example 9 and Table 2, the mechanical properties of the SPS-molded product are further increased by further rolling. In addition to a considerable improvement, it shows high toughness (high impact value) and the effect of rolling is clear.
- the crystal structure of the solidified molded product has a nano-size of about 90 to 200 nm even by the solidification molding treatment as shown in the same table. It was found that the solidification molding method used for Samples c and d allowed easy production of high-hardness, high-strength and tough nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material with high nitrogen concentration.
- Example 13
- Figure 13 shows a perspective view of a 5 mm diameter columnar specimen with an annular notch at the center used for the following delayed fracture test. Made by hanging.
- test specimen was Fe 64. , Cr 2 . N i 8 Mn 5 N b 2 ⁇ . ⁇ 9 (mass 0 /.)
- Mechanical alloying ⁇
- Table 7 shows the relationship between the nitrogen content of the austenitic steel and the Vickers hardness Hv (effect of nitrogen solid solution).
- SR-solidified molded sheet obtained by subjecting SUS304 stainless steel powder to MA * treatment for 10 hours, subjecting it to SR molding at 900 ° C, and then annealing (1150 ° C X 15 minutes Z water cooling).
- Table 8 shows the relationship between the average grain size D and the Vickers hardness Hv of the austenitic steel (the effect of grain refinement by MA).
- the properties common to high-nitrogen austenitic steels include super-strength, toughness, pitting resistance, and non-magnetic properties, as well as a 20% increase in temperature at elevated temperatures such as those found in martensitic or ferrite 1-based steel materials. It does not show rapid softening from a temperature around 0 to 300 ° C., and is unlikely to cause low-temperature brittleness at a temperature below room temperature.
- the high-nitrogen nanocrystalline stainless steel which is an example of the present invention and contains about 0.9% (mass) of nitrogen, which is equivalent to austenitic stainless steel SUS304 steel, has a hardness of Is about four times as high as 304 stainless steel (hardness higher than the matte structure of high carbon steel) and 6 times as strong (ultra high tensile steel grade). In addition to always exhibiting a high value, such extremely high resistance to resistance does not cause the delayfailure found in martensitic or ferritic steel materials.
- the high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel material according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned properties, and thus, for example, high-strength bolts and ballistic-resistant materials, as well as the following mechanical parts and various ultra-high-pressure hot working materials. It can be suitably and widely used as a material for hard tools and the like.
- martensite or ferrite-based steel materials are often used for high-tensile ports and nuts, and the tensile strength of such martensite or ferrite-based materials is 70 to 8%. When it exceeds 0 kg Zmm 2 , it has the property of causing delayed fracture even under a static tensile force lower than the yield point (proof strength), so it currently has a tensile strength of 70 to 80 kg / mm 2 or more Steel is not used for high tension bolts and nuts. '
- the high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel according to the present invention has extremely high strength and its structure is composed of an austenitic phase, so that delayed fracture as described above may occur. Absent. Therefore, in view of the characteristics of such nanocrystalline austenitic steel, the bulk material of the nanocrystalline austenitic steel of the present invention is increasingly required to be lighter as well as the above-mentioned high-tensile bolts. The demand for components such as aircraft and automobiles is immense.
- the weight of bulletproof vests currently used for military purposes, etc. can be as high as 40 to 50 kg per person when worn in an emergency.
- Its material properties are required to be extremely high, such as a tensile strength of 250 kg Zmm 2 and an elongation of 5 to 10%, but materials that can meet this are still being developed. Not yet.
- the high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material according to the present invention not only sufficiently satisfies the high level of performance as described above, but also uses the nanocrystalline austenitic steel bulk material of the present invention for a very large lightweight. Can be measured.
- the matrix of the friction and wear parts is a martensite structure, so the operating temperature range is limited due to the nature of the unstable phase called martensite.
- the high-nitrogen austenitic steel according to the present invention does not cause a sharp decrease in strength or hardness up to a temperature of about 600 ° C. even in a high temperature range, so that it has a wider range. It can be used in the temperature range.
- the high-nitrogen austenitic steel according to the present invention when used for a rotating part of a bearing, the amount of use can be greatly reduced due to the above-mentioned strength characteristics. Instead, the power used during the operation of the bearing can be greatly reduced through a large decrease in the centrifugal force of the bearing rolling element.
- high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel When high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel is used for gears, it can be used in a wider temperature range than a normal gear with a tooth surface having a mantensite (unstable phase) structure.
- the matrices consist of a tempered martensite phase that is unstable at elevated temperatures. Above a temperature of around 400 ° C, it has the property of softening rapidly.
- the high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel according to the present invention does not show rapid softening in such a temperature range because the matrix itself is composed of a stable phase, so that a more excellent tool material for hot working. It can be used as
- the high-nitrogen nanocrystalline austenitic steel according to the present invention is composed of a matrix that is relatively thermally stable as described above, so that it can be used more effectively in extrusion tools that undergo rapid thermal changes during use. Can be.
- Austenitic stainless steel such as chromium-nickel SUS 304 steel has a problem in that very small amounts of nickel ions eluted when used cause dermatitis in the human body. There is a tendency for their use to be banned. Against this background, high-nitrogen chromium-manganese austenitic stainless steel is drawing attention as nickel-free austenitic stainless copper.
- Non-magnetic high nitrogen nanocrystalline chromium monomanganese austenitic steel according to the present invention Is superhard and tough, has excellent corrosion resistance (pitting corrosion resistance), and has characteristics that it is not brittle even at cryogenic temperatures due to the nature of the austenite phase.
- the nonmagnetic high-nitrogen nanocrystalline chromium-manganese austenitic steel according to the present invention is, for example, a scalpel used by surgeons, medical cryogenic instruments, It is also promising as a material for other general-purpose knives, tools such as scissors and drills.
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003266649A AU2003266649A1 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2003-09-26 | Nano-crystal austenitic steel bulk material having ultra-hardness and toughness and excellent corrosion resistance, and method for production thereof |
EP03798524A EP1555332A4 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2003-09-26 | ULTRADUR NANOCRYSTAL AUSTENIAC STEEL BULK MATERIAL HAVING TENACITY AND EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
US10/529,418 US7662207B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2003-09-26 | Nano-crystal austenitic steel bulk material having ultra-hardness and toughness and excellent corrosion resistance, and method for production thereof |
UAA200502745A UA77107C2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2003-09-26 | Nano-crystal material with structure of austenite steel having high hardness, strength and corrosion resistance, and method for producing thereof (variants) |
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JP2002284576 | 2002-09-27 | ||
JP2002/284576 | 2002-09-27 |
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WO2004029312A1 true WO2004029312A1 (ja) | 2004-04-08 |
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PCT/JP2003/012343 WO2004029312A1 (ja) | 2002-09-27 | 2003-09-26 | 超硬質・強靭で優れた耐食性を有するナノ結晶オ−ステナイト鋼バルク材及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US7662207B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1555332A4 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1685070A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003266649A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2324757C2 (ja) |
UA (1) | UA77107C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004029312A1 (ja) |
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WO2017016367A1 (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-02-02 | 先健科技(深圳)有限公司 | 铁基可吸收植入医疗器械与预制管及其制备方法 |
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JP7199029B1 (ja) | 2022-06-28 | 2023-01-05 | 株式会社寺方工作所 | 非磁性微細ステンレス鋼加工品及びその製造方法 |
WO2024004565A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-04 | 株式会社寺方工作所 | 非磁性微細ステンレス鋼加工品及びその製造方法 |
JP2024004424A (ja) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-01-16 | 株式会社寺方工作所 | 非磁性微細ステンレス鋼加工品及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
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US20060193742A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1555332A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
RU2005109148A (ru) | 2006-02-20 |
RU2324757C2 (ru) | 2008-05-20 |
EP1555332A4 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
CN1685070A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
UA77107C2 (en) | 2006-10-16 |
US7662207B2 (en) | 2010-02-16 |
AU2003266649A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
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