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WO2004084628A2 - Microbiocidal compositions and fertilizing compositions - Google Patents

Microbiocidal compositions and fertilizing compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004084628A2
WO2004084628A2 PCT/ZA2004/000031 ZA2004000031W WO2004084628A2 WO 2004084628 A2 WO2004084628 A2 WO 2004084628A2 ZA 2004000031 W ZA2004000031 W ZA 2004000031W WO 2004084628 A2 WO2004084628 A2 WO 2004084628A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
heavy metal
copolymer
fertilising
soil improving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2004/000031
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO2004084628A3 (en
Inventor
Pieter Gideon Van Der Merwe
Original Assignee
Aquasoil (Pty) Limited
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2004084628A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004084628A2/en
Publication of WO2004084628A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004084628A3/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a microbicidal composition and to a process for preparation of said composition.
  • banana plants are subject to attack by fusarium wilt and pine trees are subject to damage due to Fusarium circinatum, and hydroponic systems may be damaged by Pythium.
  • the inventor is aware that silver has been used over many years as a microbicide but that there has not been an efficient delivery system for delivering and releasing silver where and when it is required in the soil and by the plants.
  • PCT/ZA01/00145 The entire disclosure of PCT application PCT/ZA01/00145 is incorporated herein by reference as if specifically reproduced here.
  • the abovementioned PCT specification may be obtained from WIPO in English or downloaded from the website http://pctgazette.wipo.int and assists with understanding the general principles of using a crosslinked copolymer as a carrier for fertiliser and water and making these available to plants.
  • the inventor has identified a need for a microbicidal composition which can be used in agriculture and which permits plant roots to take up silver in a form which is not harmful to the plant but which kills or inhibits harmful microbes, such as Fusarium on pine tree and banana plantations.
  • composition should be a slow release composition so that very low quantities of silver can be used for extended periods of time and extensive acerage.
  • a process for preparing a microbicidal composition for agricultural use from particles of a heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, and particles of one or more crosslinked copolymer including mechanically mixing said particles of copolymer and particles of the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes to form a substantially homogeneous particulate composition.
  • the copolymer may be in the form of granules.
  • the particles of the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes may be in the form of a fine powder.
  • the mixing may be by high shear mixing of the components.
  • Additional components such as fertiliser, micronutrients, and the like, may be mixed in with the copolymer and the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, in order to form a fertilising composition which also assists in controlling microbial damage to plants being fertilised with the composition.
  • the heavy metal is silver.
  • One silver salt that may be used due to its high solubility is silver nitrate.
  • the silver nitrate may be present in the compositon at a rate of between 0.1 g and 10Og for every 10 OOOg of crosslinked polymer prior to mixing.
  • the silver nitrate is used at a rate of 1 g per 10 OOOg of crosslinked polymer.
  • the silver nitrate may be pre-mixed with a particulate substance, such as bentonite or crosslinked polymer, to form an intermediate size batch which is then mixed with the bulk of the polymer to form the composition.
  • a particulate substance such as bentonite or crosslinked polymer
  • the fertiliser may be used at a rate of 6 000 g per 10 000 g of crosslinked polymer prior to mixing.
  • composition bulk density increases visibly.
  • the high shear mixing may be carried out in a high speed mixing vessel.
  • the electrical charge may be imparted by negative charging with a corona discharge device, such as a corona-electroniser.
  • a corona discharge device such as a corona-electroniser.
  • the imparting of the negative charge may be assisted by mixing in a ribbon blender associated with the corona discharge device.
  • the high shear mixing may be carried out at a temperature of from ambient temperature to 50°C, or even 90°C, or even higher, depending on the copolymer used.
  • the crosslinked copolymer may be a crosslinked potassium copolymer, for example, a polyacrylate/polyacrylamide potassium crosslinked copolymer.
  • the bulk density increases by at least 2%, usually by at least 5%.
  • composition bulk density remains substantially stable if kept dry.
  • composition after mixing is friable and pours easily if kept dry.
  • the high shear mixing may be conducted under substantially dry conditions i.e. without the addition of additional moisture to the composition.
  • the high shear mixing may be conducted in the presence of preheated air, typically dry preheated air.
  • the composition may be milled or ground to form a homogeneous crystal size.
  • the composition may be mixed with bulking agents and/or other soil conditioning agents to produce a particulate soil treatment composition.
  • the bulking agents may include lime, bentonite, and the like.
  • the other soil conditioning agents may include organic matter, such as composted chicken manure, sorghum waste, soya waste, sunflower seed waste, and the like.
  • the soil conditioning agents may also include bio-humate, such as bacteria, and growth stimulants, particularly where the composition is to be used in poor soils such as sand dunes and the like.
  • the soil conditioning agents may include macro and/or micro trace elements.
  • composition with or without some or all of the bulking and conditioning agents, may be extruded to form pellets or granules suitable for addition to soil.
  • binding agents such as natural gums, molasses, dextrose, or the like, may be used.
  • a soil improving and fertilising composition having a microbicidal effect otherwise simply referred to as a microbicidal composition for use in agriculture, including: a heavy metal, a salt thereof, or a complex thereof; and one or more crosslinked copolymer.
  • the composition may be a particulate composition.
  • the heavy metal, salt thereof, or complex thereof may be particulate.
  • the one or more crosslinked copolymer may be particulate.
  • the crosslinked polymer may be a potassium crosslinked polymer.
  • At least some of the heavy metal, heavy metal salt, or heavy metal complex and the potassium crosslinked copolymer may be mechanically fused.
  • the heavy metal may be present at a rate of from 0.1 g to 10 g per 10 000 g of crosslinked polymer, typically at a rate of 1 g per 10 000 g of the crosslinked polymer.
  • the heavy metal may be silver.
  • the heavy metal salt may be silver nitrate.
  • the composition may include a fertiliser.
  • the fertiliser may be any normal agricultural or horticultural fertiliser including macro nutrients, such as K, P and N, and micro nutrients, such as Zn, Cu, and the like.
  • the fertiliser is a granulated fertiliser.
  • the fertiliser may be any plant nutrient composition.
  • the crosslinked copolymer may be crosslinked polyacrylate/polyacrylamide copolymer.
  • crosslinked copolymer is crosslinked potassium polyacrylate/polyacrylamide copolymer, such as that available under the trade name Stockasorb from Stockhausen GmbH in Germany.
  • the crosslinked copolymer Prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer may be in the form of granules having a bulk density of from about 500 to 580 Kg/m 3 , typically 540 Kg/m 3 , and a moisture content of about from 3% to 7%, typically 5%. Prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer granules may have a particle size distribution of from 50 to 5000 microns, typically from 100 to 3000 microns. Usual particle size distributions include from 200 to 800 microns, from 800 to 3000 microns, and from 100 to 800 microns.
  • the composition may include from 1 % to 99,9% by mass of said copolymer, however, typically it will include from about 9% to about 80% by mass of said copolymer.
  • the composition includes 40 % of said copolymer.
  • the composition may be milled or ground to form a homogeneous crystal size.
  • the composition may be mixed with bulking agents and/or other soil conditioning agents to produce a particulate soil treatment composition.
  • the bulking agents may include lime, bentonite, and the like.
  • the other soil conditioning agents may include organic matter, such as composted chicken manure, sorghum waste, soya waste, sunflower seed waste, and the like.
  • the soil conditioning agents may also include bio-humate, such as bacteria, and growth stimulants, particularly where the composition is to be used in poor soils such as sand dunes and the like.
  • the soil conditioning agents may include macro and/or micro trace elements.
  • composition with or without some or all of the bulking and conditioning agents, may be extruded to form pellets or granules suitable for addition to soil.
  • binding agents such as natural gums, molasses, dextrose, or the like, may be used.
  • the composition may be a fertiliser extender so that less fertiliser active ingredients are required to fertilise the soil while also reducing the cost of fertilising the soil.
  • the composition may be a slow release fertilising composition so that fertilising nutrients are released to the plants over an extended period when compared to the fertiliser component of the composition.
  • the composition may have an absorption capacity of 300 ml of water per 1 ,25 g of composition having 80% copolymer and 20% fertiliser. This water is available to a plant's root system.
  • the composition may be distributed at a rate of from 1000 g/m 3 of soil to control the microbe to be controlled.
  • the composition is distributed at a rate of 5 g per plant of a composition including 1 g of silver nitrate per 10 000 g of copolymer.
  • the composition may be distributed to reduce evaporation losses from the soil.
  • the composition may be distributed to improve soil aeration. This is achieved when the water which has been absorbed by the composition is used up by the plants thereby leaving an air pocket in the soil.
  • Aquasoil-Ag was prepared by dry mixing silver nitrate with AquasoilTM potassium crosslinked copolymer at a rate of 1 g silver nitrate to 10000 g of potassium crosslinked polymer.
  • the silver nitrate was pre-mixed with bentonite to form an intermediate size batch which is then mixed with the bulk of the polymer to form the composition.
  • composition is then mixed with a high shear mixer until a homogeneous particulate product is obtained.
  • Fusarium circinatum is a pathogen of pine trees in several countries of the world. It is best known as the fungus responsible for pitch canker, a disease that occurs on twigs and stems of fully-grown pine seedlings in several forestry nurseries due to root rot. Fusarium circinatum now threatens to spread from the nurseries to forest plantations of our country. While it is speculated that F. circinatum was first introduced into South African nurseries with infected seed, it seems that the fungus is now well established, and could also have contaminated other sources such as the seedling trays used in nurseries.
  • a virulent isolate of Fusarium circinatum was selected for the evaluation of Aquasoil-Ag.
  • Aquasoil-Ag were suspended in sterile distilled water and added to water agar at 50°C in amounts to achieve final concentrations of 2 and 10 g.L '1 (recommended dose).
  • the mycelial discs (5-mm-diameter) from the prepared cultures were removed from the agar with a cork borer and placed in the centre of a Petri dish containing the water agar amended with Aquasoil-Ag.
  • Control plates contained water agar only.
  • Aquasoil without AgN0 3 amended with water agar to achieve final concentrations of 2 and 10 g.L "1 , were also included as control plates. Five replicate plates were incubated of each concentration. The dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C under a mixture of cool-white and near UV-light, after which colony diameters were measured (2 measurements per colony).
  • Fig. 1 The effect of Aquasoil-Ag and Aquasoil (amended with water agar) at concentrations of 2g.L “1 and 10g.L “1 on the growth of Fusarium circinatum.
  • PCT/ZA01/00145 can be applied to this invention by the addition of a heavy metal, its slats, or complexes thereof, as a microbicide in the desired quantities set out above in the specification.
  • compositions may be prepared that do not include fertiliser and which serve primarily as microbicidal compositions.
  • PCT/ZA01/00145 can be applied to this invention by the addition of a heavy metal, its slats, or complexes thereof, as a microbicide in the desired quantities set out above in the specification.
  • compositions may be prepared that do not include fertiliser and which serve primarily as microbicidal compositions.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a process for preparing a microbiocidal composition for agricultural use from particles of a heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, and particles of one or more crosslinked copolymer to form a substantially homogeneous particulate composition. The invention further provides a soil improving and fertilising composition and a method in agriculture or horticulture using said composition.

Description

ICROBICIDAL COMPOSITION
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a microbicidal composition and to a process for preparation of said composition.
Background to the invention
The applicant is aware that agricultural and horticultural plants are subject to attack by microbes. Thus, for example, banana plants are subject to attack by fusarium wilt and pine trees are subject to damage due to Fusarium circinatum, and hydroponic systems may be damaged by Pythium.
The inventor is aware that silver has been used over many years as a microbicide but that there has not been an efficient delivery system for delivering and releasing silver where and when it is required in the soil and by the plants.
The inventor is aware of US patent 6294936, in which a non-leaching silver delivery system is disclosed which kills bacteria on contact. In this system silver iodide, or other forms of silver, are coated onto a carrier material which does not permit the silver to be leached. The uses of this system as disclosed in the patent are limited to packaging materials, pipework and the like.
The entire disclosure of PCT application PCT/ZA01/00145 is incorporated herein by reference as if specifically reproduced here. The abovementioned PCT specification may be obtained from WIPO in English or downloaded from the website http://pctgazette.wipo.int and assists with understanding the general principles of using a crosslinked copolymer as a carrier for fertiliser and water and making these available to plants. The inventor has identified a need for a microbicidal composition which can be used in agriculture and which permits plant roots to take up silver in a form which is not harmful to the plant but which kills or inhibits harmful microbes, such as Fusarium on pine tree and banana plantations.
Yet further the inventor believes that such composition should be a slow release composition so that very low quantities of silver can be used for extended periods of time and extensive acerage.
Summary of the Invention
Thus, according to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a process for preparing a microbicidal composition for agricultural use from particles of a heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, and particles of one or more crosslinked copolymer, the process including mechanically mixing said particles of copolymer and particles of the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes to form a substantially homogeneous particulate composition.
The copolymer may be in the form of granules.
The particles of the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, may be in the form of a fine powder.
The mixing may be by high shear mixing of the components.
Additional components such as fertiliser, micronutrients, and the like, may be mixed in with the copolymer and the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, in order to form a fertilising composition which also assists in controlling microbial damage to plants being fertilised with the composition.
Typically the heavy metal is silver. One silver salt that may be used due to its high solubility is silver nitrate.
The silver nitrate may be present in the compositon at a rate of between 0.1 g and 10Og for every 10 OOOg of crosslinked polymer prior to mixing.
Typically, the silver nitrate is used at a rate of 1 g per 10 OOOg of crosslinked polymer.
In order to facilitate homogeneous distribution of the silver nitrate in the overwhelming quantity of crosslinked polymer the silver nitrate may be pre-mixed with a particulate substance, such as bentonite or crosslinked polymer, to form an intermediate size batch which is then mixed with the bulk of the polymer to form the composition.
The fertiliser may be used at a rate of 6 000 g per 10 000 g of crosslinked polymer prior to mixing.
One indication that the process is substantially complete is that the composition bulk density increases visibly.
The high shear mixing may be carried out in a high speed mixing vessel.
The electrical charge may be imparted by negative charging with a corona discharge device, such as a corona-electroniser. The imparting of the negative charge may be assisted by mixing in a ribbon blender associated with the corona discharge device.
The high shear mixing may be carried out at a temperature of from ambient temperature to 50°C, or even 90°C, or even higher, depending on the copolymer used. The crosslinked copolymer may be a crosslinked potassium copolymer, for example, a polyacrylate/polyacrylamide potassium crosslinked copolymer.
Typically the bulk density increases by at least 2%, usually by at least 5%.
It is believed that the bulk density increase is as a result of mechanical fusion between the copolymer and fertiliser during the process.
After the mixing is completed the composition bulk density remains substantially stable if kept dry.
The composition after mixing is friable and pours easily if kept dry.
The high shear mixing may be conducted under substantially dry conditions i.e. without the addition of additional moisture to the composition.
The high shear mixing may be conducted in the presence of preheated air, typically dry preheated air.
The composition may be milled or ground to form a homogeneous crystal size.
The composition may be mixed with bulking agents and/or other soil conditioning agents to produce a particulate soil treatment composition.
The bulking agents may include lime, bentonite, and the like.
The other soil conditioning agents may include organic matter, such as composted chicken manure, sorghum waste, soya waste, sunflower seed waste, and the like. The soil conditioning agents may also include bio-humate, such as bacteria, and growth stimulants, particularly where the composition is to be used in poor soils such as sand dunes and the like.
The soil conditioning agents may include macro and/or micro trace elements.
The composition, with or without some or all of the bulking and conditioning agents, may be extruded to form pellets or granules suitable for addition to soil.
To aid the extrusion process binding agents such as natural gums, molasses, dextrose, or the like, may be used.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a soil improving and fertilising composition having a microbicidal effect, otherwise simply referred to as a microbicidal composition for use in agriculture, including: a heavy metal, a salt thereof, or a complex thereof; and one or more crosslinked copolymer.
The composition may be a particulate composition.
The heavy metal, salt thereof, or complex thereof, may be particulate.
The one or more crosslinked copolymer may be particulate.
The crosslinked polymer may be a potassium crosslinked polymer.
At least some of the heavy metal, heavy metal salt, or heavy metal complex and the potassium crosslinked copolymer may be mechanically fused. The heavy metal may be present at a rate of from 0.1 g to 10 g per 10 000 g of crosslinked polymer, typically at a rate of 1 g per 10 000 g of the crosslinked polymer.
The heavy metal may be silver.
The heavy metal salt may be silver nitrate.
The composition may include a fertiliser.
The fertiliser may be any normal agricultural or horticultural fertiliser including macro nutrients, such as K, P and N, and micro nutrients, such as Zn, Cu, and the like.
Typically the fertiliser is a granulated fertiliser.
The fertiliser may be any plant nutrient composition.
The crosslinked copolymer may be crosslinked polyacrylate/polyacrylamide copolymer.
Typically the crosslinked copolymer is crosslinked potassium polyacrylate/polyacrylamide copolymer, such as that available under the trade name Stockasorb from Stockhausen GmbH in Germany.
Prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer may be in the form of granules having a bulk density of from about 500 to 580 Kg/m3 , typically 540 Kg/m3, and a moisture content of about from 3% to 7%, typically 5%. Prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer granules may have a particle size distribution of from 50 to 5000 microns, typically from 100 to 3000 microns. Usual particle size distributions include from 200 to 800 microns, from 800 to 3000 microns, and from 100 to 800 microns.
The composition may include from 1 % to 99,9% by mass of said copolymer, however, typically it will include from about 9% to about 80% by mass of said copolymer.
In one embodiment, the composition includes 40 % of said copolymer.
The composition may be milled or ground to form a homogeneous crystal size.
The composition may be mixed with bulking agents and/or other soil conditioning agents to produce a particulate soil treatment composition.
The bulking agents may include lime, bentonite, and the like.
The other soil conditioning agents may include organic matter, such as composted chicken manure, sorghum waste, soya waste, sunflower seed waste, and the like.
The soil conditioning agents may also include bio-humate, such as bacteria, and growth stimulants, particularly where the composition is to be used in poor soils such as sand dunes and the like.
The soil conditioning agents may include macro and/or micro trace elements.
The composition, with or without some or all of the bulking and conditioning agents, may be extruded to form pellets or granules suitable for addition to soil. To aid the extrusion process binding agents such as natural gums, molasses, dextrose, or the like, may be used.
The composition may be a fertiliser extender so that less fertiliser active ingredients are required to fertilise the soil while also reducing the cost of fertilising the soil.
The composition may be a slow release fertilising composition so that fertilising nutrients are released to the plants over an extended period when compared to the fertiliser component of the composition.
The composition may have an absorption capacity of 300 ml of water per 1 ,25 g of composition having 80% copolymer and 20% fertiliser. This water is available to a plant's root system.
The composition may be distributed at a rate of from 1000 g/m3 of soil to control the microbe to be controlled.
In the case of pine tree infected with Fusarium circinatum, the composition is distributed at a rate of 5 g per plant of a composition including 1 g of silver nitrate per 10 000 g of copolymer.
The composition may be distributed to reduce evaporation losses from the soil.
The composition may be distributed to improve soil aeration. This is achieved when the water which has been absorbed by the composition is used up by the plants thereby leaving an air pocket in the soil.
Description of the Diagrams The invention will now be described by way of example only .
Example: IN VITRO Evaluation of a cross-linked polymer and silver nitrate composition called Aquasoil-Ag™ for effectiveness against Fusarium Circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker of pine trees.
Aquasoil-Ag was prepared by dry mixing silver nitrate with Aquasoil™ potassium crosslinked copolymer at a rate of 1 g silver nitrate to 10000 g of potassium crosslinked polymer.
In order to facilitate homogeneous distribution of the silver nitrate in the overwhelming quantity of crosslinked polymer the silver nitrate was pre-mixed with bentonite to form an intermediate size batch which is then mixed with the bulk of the polymer to form the composition.
The composition is then mixed with a high shear mixer until a homogeneous particulate product is obtained.
Fusarium circinatum is a pathogen of pine trees in several countries of the world. It is best known as the fungus responsible for pitch canker, a disease that occurs on twigs and stems of fully-grown pine seedlings in several forestry nurseries due to root rot. Fusarium circinatum now threatens to spread from the nurseries to forest plantations of our country. While it is speculated that F. circinatum was first introduced into South African nurseries with infected seed, it seems that the fungus is now well established, and could also have contaminated other sources such as the seedling trays used in nurseries.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Aquasoil-Ag to inhibit growth of F. circinatum on agar amended with Aquasoil-Ag. A laboratory based in vitro study to determine its effect at different concentrations was undertaken. Materials and Methods
Fungal isolates
A virulent isolate of Fusarium circinatum was selected for the evaluation of Aquasoil-Ag.
Effect of Aquasoil-Ag
Aquasoil-Ag were suspended in sterile distilled water and added to water agar at 50°C in amounts to achieve final concentrations of 2 and 10 g.L'1 (recommended dose). The mycelial discs (5-mm-diameter) from the prepared cultures were removed from the agar with a cork borer and placed in the centre of a Petri dish containing the water agar amended with Aquasoil-Ag. Control plates contained water agar only. Aquasoil without AgN03, amended with water agar to achieve final concentrations of 2 and 10 g.L"1, were also included as control plates. Five replicate plates were incubated of each concentration. The dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C under a mixture of cool-white and near UV-light, after which colony diameters were measured (2 measurements per colony).
Results
Effect of Aquasoil-Ag
Mycelial growth of F. circinatum on Aquasoil-Ag at the recommended dose of 10 g.L"1 was inhibited, but not at a concentration of 2 g.L"1 (Table 1 ; Fig. 3). A much reduced fungal colonization of Aquasoil (without AgNO3) occurred at a concentration of 10 g.L"1, while the growth rate at 2 g.L"1 was similar to that on the water agar control. Aquasoil-Ag suppressed the growth of F. circinatum at the recommended dosage of 10 g.L"1 only. Without the Ag, the Aquasoil also reduced growth of the fungus. This would indicate that both the chemical compound and the Aquasoil are responsible for the slower growth of the fungus. At a concentration of 2 g.L"1, fungal growth was not reduced on the Aquasoil solution when compared to the water agar control, but on Aquasoil-Ag, fungal growth was slower.
According to the results presented in this document, Aquasoil-Ag at the recommended dose of 10 g.L"1 has suppressed the growth of F. circinatum in culture.
Table 1
The effect of Aquasoil-Ag and Aquasoil on the colony diameter of Fusarium circinatum
Treatment Concentration Colony Measure sment
1 2 3 4 5
Agar control 51 51.5 52.5 52.5 46.5
*As clear +
AgNO3 10 g.L"1 0 0 0 0 0
*As clear 10 g.L"1 30 10 10 0 5
*As clear +
AgN03 2.g.L"1 47.5 46.5 40 49 42
*As clear 2.gL"1 57.5 52.5 52.5 57.5 49
*Aquasoil/™ r Aquasoil with and without Ag 03
Figure imgf000013_0001
Fig. 1 The effect of Aquasoil-Ag and Aquasoil (amended with water agar) at concentrations of 2g.L"1 and 10g.L"1 on the growth of Fusarium circinatum.
The examples disclosed in PCT/ZA01/00145 can be applied to this invention by the addition of a heavy metal, its slats, or complexes thereof, as a microbicide in the desired quantities set out above in the specification.
However, compositions may be prepared that do not include fertiliser and which serve primarily as microbicidal compositions.
The examples disclosed in PCT/ZA01/00145 can be applied to this invention by the addition of a heavy metal, its slats, or complexes thereof, as a microbicide in the desired quantities set out above in the specification.
However, compositions may be prepared that do not include fertiliser and which serve primarily as microbicidal compositions.

Claims

Claims
1. A process for preparing a microbicidal composition for agricultural use from particles of a heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, and particles of one or more crosslinked copolymer, the process including mechanically mixing said particles of copolymer and particles of the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes to form a substantially homogeneous particulate composition.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is in the form of granules.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the particles of the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, is in the form of a fine powder.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mixing is by high shear mixing of the components.
5. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein additional components such as fertiliser and micronutrients are mixed in with the copolymer and the heavy metal, its salts, and/or complexes, in order to form a fertilising composition which also assists in controlling microbial damage to plants being fertilised with the composition.
6. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heavy metal is silver.
7. A process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the silver salt is silver nitrate.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the silver nitrate is present in the compositon at a rate of between 0.1 g and 100g for every 10 OOOg of crosslinked polymer prior to mixing. O 2004/084628
9. A process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the silver nitrate is used at a rate of 1 g per 10 OOOg of crosslinked polymer.
10. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein In order to facilitate homogeneous distribution of the heavy metal particles in the overwhelming quantity of crosslinked polymer said heavy metal particles are pre- mixed with a particulate substance, such as bentonite or crosslinked polymer, to form an intermediate size batch which is then mixed with the bulk of the polymer to form the composition.
11. A process as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the fertiliser is used at a rate of 6 000 g per 10 000 g of crosslinked polymer prior to mixing.
12. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the crosslinked copolymer may is crosslinked potassium copolymer.
13. A process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the crosslinked polymer is a polyacrylate/polyacrylamide potassium crosslinked copolymer.
14. A soil improving, fertilising, and microbicidal composition for agricultural or horticultural use including: a heavy metal, a salt thereof, or a complex thereof; and one or more crosslinked copolymer.
15. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein the composition is a particulate composition.
16. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the heavy metal, salt thereof, or complex thereof, is particulate.
17. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 16, wherein the one or more crosslinked copolymer is particulate.
18. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 17, wherein the crosslinked polymer is a potassium crosslinked polymer.
19. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 18, wherein at least some of the heavy metal, heavy metal salt, or heavy metal complex and the potassium crosslinked copolymer are mechanically fused.
20. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 19, wherein the heavy metal is present at a rate of from 0.1 g to
10 g per 10 000 g of crosslinked polymer, typically at a rate of 1 g per 10 000 g of the crosslinked polymer.
21. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 20, wherein the heavy metal is silver.
22. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 20, wherein the heavy metal salt is silver nitrate.
23. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 22, wherein the composition includes a fertiliser selected from any agricultural or horticultural fertiliser including macro nutrients, such as K, P and N, and micro nutrients, such as Zn, and Cu.
24. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 23, wherein the fertiliser is a granulated fertiliser.
25. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 24, wherein prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer is in the form of granules having a bulk density of from about 500 to 580 Kg/m3 , typically 540 Kg/m3, and a moisture content of about from 3% to 7%, typically 5%.
26. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 25, wherein prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer granules have a particle size distribution of from 50 to 5000 microns, typically from 100 to 3000 microns.
27. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 26, wherein prior to mixing with the heavy metal and/or the fertiliser, the crosslinked copolymer granules have a particle size distribution selected from the group including the following particle size ranges: from 200 to 800 microns, from 800 to 3000 microns, and from 100 to 800 microns.
28. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 27, wherein the composition includes from 1% to 99,9% by mass of said copolymer.
29. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 28, wherein the composition includes from about 9% to about 80% by mass of said copolymer.
30. A soil improving and fertilising composition as claimed in any claim from claim 14 to claim 28, wherein the composition includes 40 % of said copolymer.
31. A method of controlling microbes in agriculture and horticulture, the method including distributing a composition as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 30 at a rate of from 1000 g/m3 of soil to control the microbe to be controlled.
32. A method as claimed in claim 31 , wherein in the case of pine tree infected with Fusarium circinatum, the composition is distributed at a rate of 5 g per plant of a composition including 1 g of silver nitrate per 10 000 g of copolymer.
PCT/ZA2004/000031 2003-03-24 2004-03-19 Microbiocidal compositions and fertilizing compositions WO2004084628A2 (en)

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US3092552A (en) * 1958-05-19 1963-06-04 Albert C Nolte Oligodynamic silver compositions and uses
GB1157400A (en) * 1968-05-02 1969-07-09 Exxon Research Engineering Co Urea-Containing Fertilisers
GB1219077A (en) * 1967-01-24 1971-01-13 Henry Groh Treating plants, roots and reeds
WO2003002164A2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-09 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Superabsorbent carboxyl-containing polymers with odor control
WO2003002618A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-09 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Water-absorbent carboxyl-containing polymers with low monomer content

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GB591951A (en) * 1944-03-23 1947-09-03 Rosaleen Shaw Improvements in and relating to fertilisers or growth promoters for vegetable life
US3092552A (en) * 1958-05-19 1963-06-04 Albert C Nolte Oligodynamic silver compositions and uses
GB1219077A (en) * 1967-01-24 1971-01-13 Henry Groh Treating plants, roots and reeds
GB1157400A (en) * 1968-05-02 1969-07-09 Exxon Research Engineering Co Urea-Containing Fertilisers
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WO2003002618A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-09 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Water-absorbent carboxyl-containing polymers with low monomer content

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105191951A (en) * 2015-11-02 2015-12-30 许自协 Compound for inhibiting growth of Fusarium circinatum

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