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WO2004080950A1 - Substituted aniline derivatives - Google Patents

Substituted aniline derivatives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004080950A1
WO2004080950A1 PCT/DK2004/000162 DK2004000162W WO2004080950A1 WO 2004080950 A1 WO2004080950 A1 WO 2004080950A1 DK 2004000162 W DK2004000162 W DK 2004000162W WO 2004080950 A1 WO2004080950 A1 WO 2004080950A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alk
cycloalk
methyl
ethyl ester
acid ethyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2004/000162
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Rodriguez Greve
Mario Rottländer
William Patrick Watson
Original Assignee
H. Lundbeck A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NZ541242A priority Critical patent/NZ541242A/en
Application filed by H. Lundbeck A/S filed Critical H. Lundbeck A/S
Priority to EA200501299A priority patent/EA200501299A1/en
Priority to EP04719930A priority patent/EP1606247A1/en
Priority to JP2006504323A priority patent/JP2006520333A/en
Priority to BRPI0408205-2A priority patent/BRPI0408205A/en
Priority to MXPA05009282A priority patent/MXPA05009282A/en
Priority to CA002519061A priority patent/CA2519061A1/en
Priority to US10/549,345 priority patent/US20060167087A1/en
Priority to AU2004220424A priority patent/AU2004220424B2/en
Publication of WO2004080950A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004080950A1/en
Priority to UAA200508717A priority patent/UA81799C2/en
Priority to IS7924A priority patent/IS7924A/en
Priority to NO20054721A priority patent/NO20054721L/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
    • C07C233/42—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C233/43—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
    • A61K31/167—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/325—Carbamic acids; Thiocarbamic acids; Anhydrides or salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
    • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C271/26—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C271/28—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel substituted aniline derivatives being openers of the KCNQ family potassium ion channels.
  • the compounds are useful for the prevention, treatment and inhibition of disorders and diseases being responsive to opening of the KCNQ family potassium ion channels, one such disease is epilepsy.
  • Ion channels are cellular proteins that regulate the flow of ions, including potassium, calcium, chloride and sodium into and out of cells. Such channels are present in all animal and human cells and affect a variety of processes including neuronal transmission, muscle contraction, and cellular secretion.
  • Neuroscience 2000, 1, 21-30 with a great diversity with regard to both structure and function.
  • Neuronal potassium channels which are found in the brain, are primarily responsible for maintaining a negative resting membrane potential, as well as controlling membrane repolarisation following an action potential.
  • KCNQ potassium channel genes
  • the KCNQ4 gene is thought to encode the molecular correlate of potassium channels found in outer hair cells of the cochlea and in Type I hair cells of the vestibular apparatus, in which mutations lead to a form of inherited deafness.
  • KCNQl KCNQl
  • KvLQTl KCNQl
  • KCNEl minimal K(+)- channel protein
  • Mutations in this channel can cause one form of inherited long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1), as well as being associated with a form of deafness (Robbins Pharmacol Tlier 2001, 90, 1-19).
  • the proteins encoded by the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes are localised in the pyramidal neurons of the human cortex and hippocampus, regions of the brain associated with seizure generation and propagation (Cooper et al. Proceedings National Academy of Science USA 2000, 97, 4914-4919).
  • KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are two potassium channel subunits that form "M-currents" when expressed in vitro.
  • the M-current is a non-inactivating potassium current found in many neuronal cell types. In each cell type, it is dominant in controlling membrane excitability by being the only sustained current in the range of action potential initiation (Marrion Annual Review Physiology 1997, 59, 483-504). Modulation of the M-current has dramatic effects on neuronal excitability, for example activation of the current will reduce neuronal excitability.
  • Openers of these KCNQ channels or activators of the M-current will reduce excessive neuronal activity and may thus be of use in the treatment, prevention or inhibition of seizures and other diseases and disorders characterised by excessive neuronal activity, such as neuronal hyperexcitability including convulsive disorders, epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
  • Retigabine (D-23129; N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl) carbamic acid ethyl ester) and analogues thereof are disclosed in EP554543.
  • Retigabine is an anti- convulsive compound with a broad spectrum and potent anticonvulsant properties, both in vitro and in vivo. It is active after oral and intraperitoneal administration in rats and mice in a range of anticonvulsant tests including: electrically induced seizures, seizures induced chemically by pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin and N-methyl- D-aspartate (NMD A) and in a genetic animal model, the DBA/2 mouse (Rostock et al.
  • retigabine is active in the amygdala kindling model of complex partial seizures, further indicating that this compound has potential for anti-convulsive therapy. In clinical trials, retigabine has recently shown effectiveness in reducing the incidence of seizures in epileptic patients (Bialer et al. Epilepsy Research 2002, 51, 31-71).
  • KCNQ 2 and 3 channels have also been reported to be upregulated in models of neuropathic pain (Wickenden et al. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2002, 454.7), and potassium channel modulators have been hypothesised to be active in both neuropathic pain and epilepsy (Schroder et al. Neuropharmacology 2001, 40, 888- 898).
  • KCNQ channel mRNA The localisation of KCNQ channel mRNA is reported in brain and other central nervous system areas associated with pain (Goldstein et al. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2003, 53.8).
  • mRNA for KCNQ 2-5 in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis implies that openers of these channels may also affect the sensory processing of migraine pain (Goldstein et al. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2003, 53.8).
  • KCNQ 2, 3 and 5 channels may help modulate synaptic activity in the CNS and contribute to the neuroprotective effects of KCNQ channel openers (Noda et al., Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2003, 53.9).
  • Retigabine and other KCNQ modulators may thus exhibit protection against the neurodegenerative aspects of epilepsy, as retigabine has been shown to prevent limbic neurodegeneration and the expression of markers of apoptosis following kainic acid- induced status epilepticus in the rat (Ebert et al. Epilepsia 2002, 43 Suppl 5, 86-95). This may have relevance for preventing the progression of epilepsy in patients, i.e. be anti-epileptogenic. Retigabine has also been shown to delay the progression of hippocampal kindling in the rat, a further model of epilepsy development (Tober et al. European Journal Of Pharmacology 1996, 303, 163-169).
  • KCNQ modulators may prevent neuronal damage induced by excessive neuronal activation, and may be of use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and be disease modifying (or antiepileptogenic) in patients with epilepsy.
  • anticonvulsant compounds such as benzodiazepines and chlormethiazole are used clincially in the treatment of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome and that other anticonvulsant compounds e.g. gabapentin, are very effective in animal models of this syndrome (Watson et al. Neuropharmacology 1997, 36, 1369-1375), we expect that other anticonvulsant compounds such as KCNQ openers will also be effective in this condition.
  • mRNA for KCNQ 2 and 3 subunits are found in brain regions associated with anxiety and emotional behaviours such as bipolar disorder e.g. hippocampus and amygdala (Saganich et al. Journal of Neuroscience 2001, 21, 4609-4624), and retigabine is reportedly active in some animal models of anxiety-like behaviour (Hartz et al. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2003, 17 suppl 3, A28,B16), and other clinically used anticonvulsant compounds are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
  • WO 200196540 discloses the use of modulators of the M-current formed by expression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes for insomnia, while WO 2001092526 discloses that modulators of KCNQ5 can be utilized for the treatment of sleep disorders.
  • WOO 1/022953 describes the use of retigabine for prophylaxis and treatment of neuropathic pain such as allodynia, hyperalgesic pain, phantom pain, neuropathic pain related to diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain related to migraine.
  • WO02/049628 describes the use of retigabine for the prevention, treatment, inhibition and amelioration of anxiety disorders such as anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, performance anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress reaction, adjustment disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia and specific phobias.
  • anxiety disorders such as anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, performance anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress reaction, adjustment disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia and specific phobias.
  • WO97/15300 describes the use of retigabine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's ; Huntington's ; sclerosis such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; AIDS- induced encephalopathy and other infection-related encephalopathies being caused by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, borrelia and by unknown pathogens, trauma-induced neurodegenerations, neuronal hyperexcitation states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication, and neurodegenerative disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as polyneuropathies and polyneuritides.
  • neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's ; Huntington's ; sclerosis such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; AIDS- induced encephalopathy and other infection-related encephalopathies being caused by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, borrelia and by unknown
  • novel compounds with improved properties relative to known compounds which are openers of the KCNQ family potassium channels, such as retigabine. Improvement of one or more of the following parameters is desired: half-life, clearance, selectivity, interactions with other medications, bioavailability, potency, formulability, chemical stability, metabolic stability, membrane permeability, solubility and therapeutic index. The improvement of such parameters may lead to improvements such as:
  • One object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds, which are potent openers of the KCNQ family potassium channels.
  • the compounds of the invention are substituted aniline derivatives of the general formula I or salts thereof
  • the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of formula I and the use thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of formula I and the use thereof.
  • the present invention relates to substituted aniline derivatives of the general formula I
  • U is O, S or R 2
  • s is 0 or 1 ;
  • X is CO or SO 2 ;
  • Z is O, S or NR 4 , wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydiOxy-C G -al en/yn l and hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl;
  • q is 0 or 1
  • R 1 and R 1 ' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C 1-6 -allc(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C -8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl and cyano; provided that when R 2 is halogen or cyano, then ⁇ is 0;
  • R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3 _ 8 -cycloalk(en)yl-Ci -6 -alk(en yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C -8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl; or R and R together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one further heteroatom;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C -8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl;
  • Y represents a group of formulae VI, VII, VIII, IX or XXX:
  • the line represents a bond attaching the group represented by Y to the nitrogen atom
  • W is O or S
  • a 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • b 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
  • c is 0 or 1 ;
  • f 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • g 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
  • h 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl, Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, acyl, C ⁇ -6 -alk(an en/yn)yloxy, halogen, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, -CO-NR 6 R 6 ', cyano, nitro, -NR 7 R 7' , -S-R 8 , -SO 2 R 8 and SO 2 OR 8 , or two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms;
  • R 6 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl and Ar;
  • R 7 and R 7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, Ar and acyl; and
  • R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, Ar and -NR 9 R 9 '; wherein R 9 and R 9 ' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 1 and R 1 ' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl and C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 1 and R 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, hydroxy-C ⁇ -6 -allc(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl and Ca.s-cycloall n l- .e-aU ⁇ en/yn l and R 1 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, hydroxy-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 1 and R 1 ' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3 _ 8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo- -e-alk en/ynJyl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one of R 1 and R 1 ' is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 1 ' is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein both R 1 and R 1 are hydrogen atoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 1 and R 1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • ⁇ is 1.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of Ar, acyl, hydroxy-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl; provided that when R 2 is halogen or cyano, then s is 0.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C 1 . 6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl; provided that when R 2 is halogen or cyano, then s is 0.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl and Ar; provided that when R 2 is halogen, then ⁇ is 0.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 0 and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 2 is Ar, typically phenyl substituted with halogen or -N(C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl) 2 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • I 2 is C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl, typically C 1-3 -alk(en yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • R »2 i s C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, typically C 3-6 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 2 is C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl, typically C 3-6 ⁇ cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -3 - alk(en/yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • R >2 is typically Ar-C 1-3 -alk(en yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 2 is Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, typically Ar-C 3-6 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R 2 is different from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and C 1-6 -alkyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R 2 is a hydrogen atom. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R 2 is different from a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein ⁇ is 1, U is O and R is different from a hydrogen atom, C ⁇ - 6 -alkyl and acyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 1, U is S or NR 2 ' and R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R 2 is cyano.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R • 2 is a halogen atom such as a fluoro atom or a chloro atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1 and TJ is O or S.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1 and TJ is NR 2 '.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1 and TJ is not NR 2 '.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2 ' and R 2 and R 2 ' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein ⁇ is 1, TJ is NR 2' and R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of Ar, acyl, hydroxy-C ⁇ _. 6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2 'and R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C3 -8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2' and R 2 and R 2' together form a 5-8 membered saturated or xxnsaturated ring which optionally contains one further heteroatom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R and R together form pyrrolidin, piperidin, piperazin, morpholin, pyrrol, oxazolidin, thiazolidin or imidazolidin.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2 ' and none of R 2 and R 2 ' is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2' and at least one of R 2 and R 2 ' is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2 ' and R 2 ' is a hydrogen atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2 ' and both R 2 and R 2 ' are hydrogen atoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR 2 ' and at least one of R 2 and R 2 ' is different from Ar, Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is SO 2 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is CO. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein q is 0.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein q is 1.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • Z is S or NR 4 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of Ar, hydroxy-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl and halo-C -8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula I, wherein R 3 is Ar; with the proviso that Ar is different from optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted condensed phenyl such as naphtyl and optionally substituted thienyl.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R 3 is Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl; with the proviso that Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl is different from optionally substituted phenyl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and optionally substituted condensed phenyl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, such as optionally substituted naphtyl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C3 -8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3 -8 -cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl;
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein Y is different from optionally substituted thienyl or phenyl when R 3 is Ar- - ⁇ -alkyl, wherein Ar is optionally substituted naphtyl and C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl is vinylene, l-propenylene 5 methylene or ethylene.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein Y is optionally substituted thienyl or phenyl when R 3 is different from Ar-C 1-6 -alkyl, wherein Ar is optionally substituted naphtyl and C 1-6 -alkyl is vinylene, 1-propenylene, methylene or ethylene.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is CO, q is 0 and R 3 is different from C 1-4 -alkyl, acyl and phenyl optionally being substituted by hydroxyl or C 1-4 -alkanyloxy.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is CO, q is 0 and R is C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, with the proviso that R is different from a methyl group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl or C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • R »3 is C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is not a CH 3 -group. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein R 3 is a CH 3 -group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is ethyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is isopropyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is isopropylmethyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
  • R »3 is tert-butylmethyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R 3 is Ar-methyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of fonnula I, wherein Y represents a group of fonnulae IX or XXX.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of Ar-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, -CO-NR 6 R 6' , cyano, nitro, -NR 7 R 7 ', -S-R 8 , -SO 2 R 8 and SO 2 OR 8 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, Cs-s-cycloalk en l- - ⁇ -all ⁇ en/yn l, Ar, halogen, halo-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl and C 1-6 -alk(an en/yn)yloxy; or two R 5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R s is independently selected from the group consisting of C -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C3 -8 -cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl and C 1-6 -alk(an en/yn)yloxy; or two R 5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, cyano, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and C 1-6 -alk(an/en/yn)yloxy; or two adjacent substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl and C 1-6 -alk(an/en yn)yloxy.
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, cyano, halo-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl and C 1-6 - alk(an/en/yn)yloxy.
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein two adjacent R 5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R 5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic ring. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R 5 together form
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R 5 together form -(CH 2 ) n* -CH 2 - wherein n* is 2, 3 or 4.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R 5 together form -(CH ) 3 -.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R 5 is a halogen atom, typically a fluoro or chloro atom.
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein two substituents R 5 are independently selected halogen atoms.
  • halogen atoms are typically selected from the group consisting of fluoro and chloro atoms.
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, wherein one R 5 is cyano.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R 5 is C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R 5 is halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, typically trifluoromethyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R 5 is C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R 5 is Ar, typically phenyl.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R 5 is C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yloxy.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R 5 fo ⁇ n a 5-8 membered saturated carbocyclic ring.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, with the proviso that when X is CO, q is 0 and R »3 is C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl such as a methyl group then s is not 0 when R is a hydrogen atom
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, with the proviso that when X is CO, q is 0 and R .3 is such as a methyl group, then R 2 is different from a hydrogen atom when s is 1.
  • the invention relates to compounds of fo ⁇ nula I, with the proviso that when s is 0 and R is a hydrogen atom then NH-X-(Z) q -R is not acetamide.
  • the compound of formula I is not: N-[4-[[(4-aminophenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N-[4-[[(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N- [4- [ [(4- amino-3 -methy lphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl] -acetamide;
  • the compound of formula I is not:
  • the molecular weight of the compounds of the invention may vary from compound to compound.
  • the molecular weight of a compound of formula I is typically more than 200 and less than 600, and more typically more than 250 and less than 550.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula XI and salts thereof:
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XI, which is not substituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XI being monosubstituted by R 5 , such as in the ortho-, meta- or para-position.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XI being disubstituted by R 5 , such as in the ortho- and para-position, in the meta- and para-position and in the ortho- and meta-position.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XI being trisubstituted by R 5 .
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII or salts thereof:
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 1 of the naphtyl group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 2 of the naphtyl group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XII, wherein g is 0, 1, 2 or 3, typically 0, 1 or 2.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XII, wherein h is 0, 1 or 2, typically 0 or 1.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII, which are not substituted by R s .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XII being monosubstituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XII being disubstituted by R 5 . In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII being trisubstituted by R 5 .
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII or salts thereof:
  • a, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly any of a, s, q, U, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 6 ', R 7 , R 7 ', R 8 , R 9 and
  • R 9' are as defined under formula I. Any of the embodiments related to formula I are also embodiments of formula XIII.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fonnula XIII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 2 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XIII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 3 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII, wherein a is 0, 1 or 2. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII, which are not substituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII being monosubstituted by R 5 . In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII being disubstituted by R 5 .
  • b, c, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R , R , R , R and R are as defined above, accordingly any of b, c, s, q, U, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 6 ', R 7 ,
  • R 7 ', R 8 , R 9 and R 9 ' are as defined under fo ⁇ nula I. Any of the embodiments related to formula I are also embodiments of formula XIV.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 2 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 3 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein b is 0, 1, 2 or 3, typically 0, 1 or 2.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein c is 0 or 1, typically 0.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, which is not substituted by R s . In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV being monosubstituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XIV being disubstituted by R s .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV being trisubstituted by R 5 .
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV or salts thereof:
  • d, e, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly d, e, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 4 , R s , R 6 , R 6' , R 7 , R 7 ', R 8 , R 9 and R 9 ' are as defined under formula I. Any of the embodiments related to fonnula I are also embodiments of formula XV.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 4 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 5 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 6 of the heteroaromatic group. In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 7 of the heteroaromatic group.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein d is 0, 1 or 2, typically 0 or 1.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XV, wherein e is 0 or 1.
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, which is not substituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV being disubstituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV being trisubstituted by R 5 .
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula I wherein Y, TJ, X, Z, s, q, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 and R 3 are as defined above, accordingly any of ⁇ s q, TJ, X, Z, Y, W, R 4 , R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 6' , R 7 , R 7 , R°, R and R are as defined under fomiula I, or salts thereof.
  • compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula I or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula I or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula I or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula I or salts thereof.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XI wherein f, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly any off, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R , R , R , R , R and R are as defined under formula XI, or salts thereof.
  • phrases of formula XI or salts thereof may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XI or salts thereof, such as one compound of fo ⁇ nula XI or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XI or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula XI or salts thereof.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XII wherein g, h, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly any of g, h, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 4 , R s , R 6 , R 6' , R 7 , R 7 ', R 8 , R 9 and R 9 ' are as defined under formula XII, or salts thereof.
  • compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XII or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula XII or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XII or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula XII or salts thereof.
  • the invention relates to a phannaceutical composition
  • a phannaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XIII wherein a, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1' , R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly any of a, s, q, TJ, X, Z, W, R , R , R , R , R , R , R 5 , R 6 , R 6 ', R 7 , R 7 ', R 8 , R 9 and R 9' are as defined under formula XIII, or salts thereof.
  • compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XIII or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula XIII or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XIII or salts thereof; or three compounds of fomiula XIII or salts thereof.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XIV wherein b 5 c, ⁇ , q, U, W s X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly any of b, c, s, q, TJ, X, Z 5 W, R 1 , R 1' , R 2 , R 2' , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 6 ', R 7 , R 7 ', R 8 , R 9 and R 9 ' are as defined under formula XIV, or salts thereof.
  • compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XIV or salts thereof, such as one compound of fomiula XIV or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XIV or salts thereof; or three compounds of fonnula XIV or salts thereof.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XV wherein d, e, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 3 and R 5 are as defined above, accordingly d, e, s, q, TJ, X, Z, W, R 1 , R 1 ', R 2 , R 2 ', R 3 , R 4 , R s , R 6 , R 6' , R 7 , R 7' , R 8 , R 9 and R 9 ' are as defined under fo ⁇ nula XV, or salts thereof.
  • compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XV or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula XV or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XV or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula XV or salts thereof.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for oral or parenteral administration, said pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of fonnula I or a salt thereof in a therapeutically effective amount together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered as the only therapeutically effective compound.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered as a part of a combination therapy, i.e. the compounds of the invention may be administered in combination with other therapeutically effective compounds having e.g. anti- convulsive properties.
  • the effects of such other compounds having anti-convulsive properties may include but not be limited to activities on: o ion channels such as sodium, potassium, or calcium channels o the excitatory amino acid systems e.g. blockade or modulation of NMD A receptors
  • inhibitory neurotransmitter systems e.g. enhancement of GABA release, or blockade of GAB A-uptake or
  • Current anti-convulsive medications include, but are not limited to, tiagabine, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin, pregabalin, ethosuximide, levetiracetam, phenytoin, topiramate, zonisamide as well as members of the benzodiazepine and barbiturate class.
  • the compounds of the invention have been found to have effect on potassium channels of the KCNQ family, in particular the KCNQ2 subunit.
  • the invention relates to the use of one or more compounds according to the invention in a method of treatment.
  • the disorder or condition to be prevented, treated or inhibited is responsive to an increased ion flow in a potassium channel such as the KCNQ family potassium ion channels.
  • a potassium channel such as the KCNQ family potassium ion channels.
  • Such disorder or condition is preferably a disorder or condition of the central nervous system.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful for increasing ion flow in a voltage-dependent potassium channel in a mammal such as a human.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful for the prevention, treatment or inhibition of a disorder or condition being responsive to an increased ion flow in a potassium channel such as the KCNQ family potassium ion channels.
  • a disorder or condition is preferably a disorder or condition of the central nervous system.
  • the compounds of the invention are thus considered useful for preventing, treating or inhibiting disorders or diseases such as seizure disorders, neuropathic and migraine pain disorders, anxiety disorders and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful for the prevention, treatment or inhibition of disorders or conditions such as convulsions, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered to be useful for preventing, treating or inhibiting seizure disorders such as convulsions, epilepsy and status epilepticus.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of convulsions.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of epilepsy, epileptic syndromes and epileptic seizures.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of anxiety disorders such as anxiety and conditions and diseases related to panic attack, agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia and other specific phobias, obsessive- compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition, substance- induced anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, adjustment disorders, perfonnance anxiety, hypochondriacal disorders, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition and substance-induced anxiety disorder and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified.
  • anxiety disorders such as anxiety and conditions and diseases related to panic attack, agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia and other specific phobias, obsessive- compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition,
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neuropathic pain and migraine pain disorders such as allodynia, hyperalgesic pain, phantom pain, neuropathic pain related to diabetic neuropathy and neupathic pain related to migraine.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's chorea; multiple sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; encephalopathies induced by AIDS or infection by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, bo ⁇ elia and unknown pathogens; trauma-induced neurodegenerations; neuronal hyperexcitation states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication; and neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system such as polyneuropathies and polyneuritides.
  • neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's chorea; multiple sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; encephalopathies induced by AIDS or infection by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, bo ⁇ elia and unknown pathogens; trauma-induced neurodegenerations; neuronal hyperexcitation states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication; and neurode
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's chorea; multiple sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; encephalopathies induced by AIDS or infection by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, borrelia and unknown pathogens; and trauma-induced neurodegenerations.
  • neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's chorea; multiple sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; encephalopathies induced by AIDS or infection by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, borrelia and unknown pathogens; and trauma-induced neurodegenerations.
  • the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neuronal hyperexcitatioii states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication.
  • the invention provides compounds showing effect in one or more of the following tests: • "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel"
  • the compounds are KCNQ2 active with an EC 0 of less than 15000nM such as less than lOOOOnM as measured by the test "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel" which is described below.
  • the compounds are KCNQ2 active with an EC 50 of less than 2000nM such as less than 1500nM as measured by the test "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel" which is described below.
  • the compounds are KCNQ2 active with an EC 50 of less than 200nM such as less than 150nM as measured by the test "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel" which is described below.
  • the compounds have an ED 50 of less than 15 mg/kg in the test "Maximum electroshock" which is described below.
  • the compounds have an ED 50 of less than 5 mg/kg in the test "Maximum electroshock” which is described below. According to one particular aspect of the invention, the compounds have an ED 50 of less than 5 mg/kg in the "Electrical seizure -threshold test” and "Chemical seizure - threshold test” which is described below.
  • Some compounds have few or clinically insignificant side effects. Some of the compounds are thus tested in models of the unwanted sedative, hypothermic and ataxic actions of the compounds. Some of the compounds have a large therapeutic index between anticonvulsant efficacy and side-effects such as impairment of locomotor activity or ataxic effects as measured by performance on a rotating rod. This means that the compounds will expectedly be well tolerated in patients pennitting high doses to be used before side effects are seen. Thereby compliance with the therapy will expectedly be good and administration of high doses may be permitted making the treatment more efficacious in patients who would otherwise have side effects with other medications.
  • the tenn heteroatom refers to a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom.
  • Halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • C ⁇ - 6 -alk(en yn)yl and C 1-6 -alk(an en/yn)yl mean a C 1-6 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl or a C 2-6 -alkynyl group.
  • C ⁇ _. 6 -alkyl refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1 -butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-2-dimethyl- 1-propyl and 2-methyl-l -propyl.
  • C 2-6 -alkenyl and C 2 - 6 -alkynyl designate such groups having from two to six carbon atoms, including one double bond and one triple bond respectively, including but not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, ethynyl, propynyl and butynyl.
  • C 1-4 -alkyl and C 1- -alkanyl refer to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1 -butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl and 2-methyl- 1 -propyl.
  • C 1- 3-alk(en/yn)yl means a C 1-3 -alkyl, C 2-3 -alkenyl or a C 2-3 -alkynyl group.
  • the temi C ⁇ -3 -alkyl refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to tliree carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl and 2-propyl.
  • C 2-3 -alkenyl and C 2-3 -alkynyl designate such groups having from two to three carbon atoms, including one double bond and one triple bond respectively, including but not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl and propynyl.
  • C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl and C 3-8 -cycloalk(an/en)yl mean a C 3-8 -cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl group.
  • C 3-8 -cycloalkyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having tliree to eight C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • C 3-6 -cycloalk(en)yl and C 3-6 -cycloalk(an en)yl mean a C 3-6 -cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl group.
  • C 3-6 -cycloalkyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having three to six C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • C 3-8 -cycloalkenyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having tliree to eight C-atoms and including one double bond.
  • C 5- s-cycloalk(en)yl means a C 5-8 -cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl group.
  • the temi C 5-8 -cycloalkyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having five to eight C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • the te ⁇ n C5 -8 -cycloalkenyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having five to eight C-atoms and including one or two double bonds.
  • C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl and C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)yl are as defined above.
  • the temi Ar refers to optionally substituted aromatic systems of 5-10 carbon atoms, wherein 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms may be replaced with independently selected heteroatoms.
  • Ar groups are optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphtyl, optionally substituted thiophene, optionally substituted furan, optionally substituted thiazole, optionally substituted pyridine, optionally substituted pyrimidine, optionally substituted py ⁇ ole and optionally substituted oxazole.
  • Ar may be substituted with one or more substituents independently being hydroxy, halogen, C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl, C 3-8 -cycloallc(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, C -6 -alk(an/en/yn)yloxy, C 3-8 -alk(an en/yn)yloxy, acyl, cyano, -CO-NH-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, -CO-N(C 1-6 -all en yn)yl) 2 , -NH-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, -N(C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl) 2 , -NH 2 , -S-C 1-6 -
  • Such two ringforming substituents may be adjacent and may together form: -(CH 2 ) n** -O-, -O-(CH 2 ) m** -O-, -CH 2 -O-(CH 2 )p ** -O-, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, — (CH2)n s!i— S-, — S-(CH2)m ** — -, -CH 2 -S-(CH 2 )p ** -S ⁇ , -CH 2 -S-CH 2 -S-CH 2 -,
  • acyl refers to formyl, C 1-6 -alk(en yn)ylcarbonyl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)ylcarbonyl, Ar-carbonyl, Ar-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en yn)ylcarbonyl or a C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl-carbonyl group, wherein C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl and Ar are as defined above.
  • halo-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl designates C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl being substituted with one or more halogen atoms, including but not limited to trifluoromethyl.
  • halo-C -8 -cycloalk(en)yl designates C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl being substituted with one or more halogen atoms
  • halo-C -8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl designates C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl being substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring, which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms refers to aliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic systems wherein the ring is formed by 5 to 8 atoms which may be substituted by one or more substituents independently being C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl, C 3-8 -alk(en/yn)yl, C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en/yn)yl, halogen, halo-C ⁇ -6 -alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C 3-8 -alk(en/yn)yl or C 3-8 -cycloalk(en)yl-C 1-6 -alk(en yn)yl.
  • the ring forming atoms are selected from 3-8 carbon atoms and 0-2 heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O.
  • the two ring forming substituents are attached to the same nitrogen atom, then said nitrogen atom becomes one of the atoms forming the ring.
  • the two ring fonning substituents are attached to an aliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group, then the two ringforming substituents are conveniently attached adjacent to each other and the ring formed by the two substituents is fused to the aliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group.
  • the salts of the invention are preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Such salts include pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the invention are preferably acid addition salts.
  • Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids.
  • the acid addition salts of the invention are preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention formed with non-toxic acids.
  • Suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric and nitric acids and the like.
  • Such acid addition salts can be formed by methods known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Further examples of phannaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 2, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, bis-methylenesalicylic, methanesulfonic, ethanedisulfonic, itaconic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, theophylline acetic acids, as well as the 8-halotheophyllines, for example 8- bromotheophylline and the like.
  • suitable organic acids include for
  • metal salts examples include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium salts and the like.
  • ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts include ammonium, methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, ethyl-, hydroxyethyl-, diethyl-, n-butyl-, sec-butyl-, tert-butyl-, tetramethylammonium salts and the like.
  • Also intended as pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts are the hydrates, which the present compounds are able to form.
  • the compounds of the present invention may have one or more asymmetric centres and it is intended that any optical isomers, as separated, pure or partially purified optical isomers or racemic mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.
  • geometric isomers may be formed. It is intended that any geometric isomers, as separated, pure or partially purified geometric isomers or mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention. Likewise, molecules having a bond with restricted rotation may fonn geometric isomers. These are also intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
  • Furthemiore some of the compounds of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric fom s and it is intended that any tautomeric forms that the compounds are able to fonn are included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the compounds of this invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of this invention.
  • Some of the compounds of the present invention contain chiral centres and such compounds exist in the form of isomers (i.e. enantiomers). The invention includes all such isomers and any mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures.
  • Racemic fonns can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example, by separation of diastereomeric salts thereof with an optically active acid, and liberating the optically active amine compound by treatment with a base. Another method for resolving racemates into the optical antipodes is based upon chromatography on an optically active matrix. Racemic compounds of the present invention can also be resolved into their optical antipodes, e.g. by fractional crystallization of d- or 1- (tartrates, mandelates or camphorsulphonate) salts. The compounds of the present invention may also be resolved by the formation of diastereomeric derivatives.
  • Optically active compounds can also be prepared from optically active starting materials.
  • the invention also encompasses prodrugs of the present compounds, which on administration undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming pharmacologically active substances.
  • prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of the general formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV, which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of the formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV.
  • Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
  • the invention also encompasses active metabolites of the present compounds. Whenever mentioned in relation to the compounds of the formulae I, XI, XII, XIII,
  • epilepsy and epilepsies embrace any of the epilepsies, epileptic syndromes and epileptic seizures refened to in International League against Epilepsy: Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1981 22: 489-501 and in International League against Epilepsy: Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1989 30(4): 389-399.
  • anxiety disorders embraces conditions and diseases related to panic attack, agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition, substance-induced anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, adjustment disorders and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified as defined by American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4ed 1994: 110-113, 393-444 and 623-627.
  • the compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free base or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Representative examples are mentioned above.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise the compound of formula I in combination with further pharmacologically active substances such as those described in the foregoing.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable caniers or excipients, in either single or multiple doses.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable caniers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and excipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19 Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995.
  • the phannaceutical compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as the oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) route, the oral route being prefened.
  • suitable route such as the oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) route, the oral route being prefened.
  • the preferred route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient chosen.
  • compositions for oral administration include solid dosage fonns such as capsules, tablets, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules. Where appropriate, they can be prepared with coatings such as enteric coatings or they can be formulated so as to provide controlled release of the active ingredient such as sustained or prolonged release according to methods well known in the art.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • phrases for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and nonaqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use. Depot injectable fo ⁇ nulations are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
  • compositions of this invention or those which are manufactured in accordance with this invention may be administered by any suitable route, for example orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, etc., or parenterally in the fomi of solutions for injection.
  • suitable routes for example orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, etc., or parenterally in the fomi of solutions for injection.
  • methods well l ⁇ iown in the art may be used, and any pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients or other additives normally used in the art may be used.
  • a typical oral dosage is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day, preferably from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day, and more prefened from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day administered in one or more dosages such as 1 to 3 dosages.
  • the exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
  • a typical unit dosage form for oral administration one or more times per day such as 1 to 3 times per day may contain from 0.05 to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 to about 500 mg, and more prefened from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg.
  • parenteral routes such as intravenous, intrathecal, intramuscular and similar administration
  • typically doses are in the order of about half the dose employed for oral administration.
  • the compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a phannaceuticaUy acceptable salt thereof.
  • One example is a base addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free acid.
  • a compound of the invention contains a free acid such salts may be prepared in a conventional mamier by treating a solution or suspension of a free acid of the compound of the invention with a chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable base. Representative examples are mentioned above.
  • solutions of the novel compounds of the invention in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol, aqueous vitamin E or sesame or peanut oil may be employed.
  • aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose.
  • the aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration.
  • the sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • Solutions for injections may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient and possible additives in a part of the solvent for injection, preferably sterile water, adjusting the solution to a desired volume, sterilising the solution and filling it in suitable ampules or vials. Any suitable additive conventionally used in the art may be added, such as tonicity agents, preservatives, antioxidants, etc.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical caniers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents.
  • solid carriers examples include lactose, tena alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid and lower alkyl ethers of cellulose com starch, potato starch, talcum, magnesium stearate, gelatine, lactose, gums, and the like.
  • any other adjuvants or additives usually used for such purposes such as colourings, flavourings, preservatives etc. may be used provided that they are compatible with the active ingredients.
  • liquid carriers examples include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospho lipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene and water.
  • the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material l ⁇ iown in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax.
  • compositions formed by combining the novel compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods l ⁇ iown in the art of pharmacy.
  • Fo ⁇ nulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, and which may include one or more suitable excipients.
  • the orally available formulations may be in the form of a powder or granules, a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or an oil-in- water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • the preparation may be tablette, placed in a hard gelatine capsule in powder or pellet fonn or it can be in the form of a troche or lozenge.
  • the amount of solid carrier will vary widely but will usually be from about 25 mg to about 1 g.
  • the preparation may be in the form of a syrap, emulsion, soft gelatine capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise the compound of the fonnulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV in combination with further pharmacologically active substances such as those described in the foregoing.
  • Typical examples of recipes for the formulation of the invention are as follows:
  • R 3 , TJ, Y, X, Z, q and ⁇ are as defined above may be prepared by the methods as represented in the schemes and as described below:
  • R , R , R , R , R , R , TJ, Y, X, Z, q and s are as defined under formula I, with the proviso that Ri is not acyl in compounds of general fonnulae XXII, XXIII, XXIV and IDLY.
  • Compounds of the general formula XXII may be prepared by reacting suitably substituted p-bromo-anilines or p-iodo-anilines of general formula XX with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature.
  • suitable electrophilic reagents such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoy
  • the acid-base reaction is then in situ followed by a lithium-halogen exchange by the addition of an allcyllithium such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium or tert-butyllithium in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethylether at a suitable temperatutre such as -78 °C or 0 °C.
  • an allcyllithium such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium or tert-butyllithium in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethylether at a suitable temperatutre such as -78 °C or 0 °C.
  • the organometallic species are then reacted with a suitable formylating reagent such as DMF or a suitable acylating reagent such as acetylchloride.
  • compounds of the general formula XXII may be prepared by palladium catalysed C-N bond-forming reaction between suitably substituted p-bromo or p-iodo derivatives of general formula XXIII and suitably substituted amides or carbamates, as described by S. L. Buchwald et al. (J. Yin and S. L. Buchwald, Organic Letters, 2000, 2, 1101).
  • compounds of the general fonnula XXII may be prepared by reacting suitably substituted anilines of general formula XXIV with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature.
  • suitable electrophilic reagents such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with
  • Compounds of general formula XXV may be prepared by nitration of compounds of formula XXII, in which (U) s -R 2 is hydrogen, under standard nitrating conditions, such as acetic acid anhydride/nitric acid, sulphuric acid/nitric acid, sulfuric acid/sodium or potassium nitrate, trifluoroacetic acid/sodium or potassium nitrate at a suitable temperature such as 0 °C or room temperature.
  • Compounds of general formula XXVII may be prepared by reacting compounds of general formula XXVT with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro fonnates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature.
  • suitable electrophilic reagents such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro fonnates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of
  • Compounds of general formula XXVIII may be prepared from compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula XXVII by radical halogenation reactions l ⁇ iown to the chemist skilled in the art, such as reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and dibenzoylperoxide, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrachloromethane or benzene at a suitable temperature, such as reflux temperature.
  • Some compounds of general formula V may be prepared by reductive amination reactions of compounds of the general formula XXV, l ⁇ iown to the chemist skilled in the art, with amines of type Y-NH 2 , using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydri.de in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, at a suitable temperature.
  • reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydri.de
  • a suitable solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, at a suitable temperature.
  • compounds of general formula XXV can be reacted with amines of type Y-NH 2 , in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, xylene or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to form imines, that can be isolated by crystallisation or by evaporation of the solvent.
  • a suitable solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, xylene or mixtures thereof
  • acid such as acetic acid
  • the imines can then be reduced using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to give compounds of the general formula V.
  • reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to give compounds of the general formula V.
  • some compounds of the general formula V may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general formula XXVIII with amines of type Y-NH 2 , for example 4-tert-butylaniline, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide, with or without addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate, at a suitable temperature.
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide
  • bases such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate
  • some compounds of general formula V may be prepared by nitration of compounds of general structure IV, in which (TJ) S -R 2 is hydrogen, under standard nitrating conditions, such as acetic acid anhydride/nitric acid, sulphuric acid/nitric acid, sulfuric acid/sodium or potassium nitrate, trifluoroacetic acid/sodium or potassium nitrate at a suitable temperature such as 0 °C or room temperature, followed by reaction with amines of type Y-NH 2 , for example 4-tert-butylaniline, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide, with or without addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate, at a suitable temperature.
  • TJ TJ
  • S -R 2 is hydrogen
  • standard nitrating conditions such as acetic acid anhydride/nitric acid, sulphuric acid/nitric
  • carboxylic acids are reduced with appropriate reducing agents, such as borane, and carboxylic acid esters are reduced with appropriate reducing agents, such as diisobutyl aluminium hydride.
  • appropriate reducing agents such as borane
  • carboxylic acid esters are reduced with appropriate reducing agents, such as diisobutyl aluminium hydride.
  • the resulting benzylic alcohols are then reacted with a suitable oxidant, such as tetrapropylammonium perruthenate/N-methylmorpholin-N-oxide, pyridinium chlorochromat or dimethylsulfoxide/ oxalylchlori.de, to give compounds of general formula Illb.
  • a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane
  • Such methods include: (a) the reaction with electrophiles, such as alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, benzyl chlorides, benzyl bromides, benzyl iodides, carbonic acid chlorides, carbonic acid bromides, or carbonic acid anhydrides in the presence of suitable bases, such as potassium carbonate, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, NN-dimethylformamide, or 1,2- dichloroethane, at suitable temperatures, such as room temperature or reflux temperature; (b) the reaction with alkyl, benzylic, or heteroarylalkyl alkohols under conditions known as the Mitsunobu reaction (O. Mitsunobu Synthesis 1981, 1).
  • electrophiles such as alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, benzyl chlorides, benzyl bromides, benzyl iodides, carbonic
  • compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula Ilia may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general structure II with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature.
  • suitable electrophilic reagents such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as
  • Compounds of the general formula IV may be prepared from compounds of the general fonnula Ilia by radical halogenation reactions known to the chemist skilled in the art, such as reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and dibenzoylperoxide, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrachloromethane or benzene at a suitable temperature, such as reflux temperature.
  • Some compounds of the general formula I may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general formula IV with amines of type Y-NH 2 , for example 4-tert- butylaniline, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N- dimethylformamide, with or without addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate, at a suitable temperature.
  • amines of type Y-NH 2 for example 4-tert- butylaniline
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N- dimethylformamide
  • bases such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate
  • Compounds of the general fo ⁇ nula I can be prepared by reductive amination reactions of compounds of the general formulae Illb and XXII, known to the chemist skilled in the art, with amines of type Y-NH 2 , using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tefrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, at a suitable temperature.
  • reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride
  • a suitable solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tefrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof
  • acid such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid
  • compounds of the general formulae Illb and XXII can be reacted with amines of type Y-NH 2 , in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, xylene or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to form imines, that can be isolated by crystallisation or by evaporation of the solvent.
  • a suitable solvent such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, xylene or mixtures thereof
  • acid such as acetic acid
  • the imines can then be reduced using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to give compounds of the general formula I.
  • reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to give compounds of the general formula I.
  • compounds of the general formula I may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general formula V with a suitable reducing agent, such as iron or zinc powder in aqueous hydrochloric acid or in alcoholic ammonium chloride or aqueous sodium dithionite, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran or ethanol.
  • a suitable reducing agent such as iron or zinc powder in aqueous hydrochloric acid or in alcoholic ammonium chloride or aqueous sodium dithionite
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or ethanol.
  • a protecting group such as tertbutyloxycarbonyl
  • This protecting group is cleaved by l ⁇ iown methods, after the introduction of R 2 and optionally R 2 ', said introduction is accomplished by using one or more of the following methods:
  • R 2 by a reductive alkylation procedure using suitable aldehydes and reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
  • suitable aldehydes and reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
  • R 2 ' by an additional reductive alkylation procedure using suitable aldehydes and reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
  • suitable aldehydes and reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
  • R 2 ' or R 2 may be introduced by an acylation reaction using suitable electrophilic reagents, such as acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, and alkyl fonnates with the addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
  • suitable electrophilic reagents such as acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, and alkyl fonnates with the addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates
  • a suitable solvent such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, t
  • Analytical LC-MS data were obtained on a PE Sciex API 150EX instrument equipped with IonSpray source and Shimadzu LC-8A/SLC-10A LC system.
  • Example 1 la 2-Amir ⁇ o-4-[(4-tert-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl ⁇ -carbamic acid ethyl ester ⁇ 4-[(4-tert-Butylphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl ⁇ -carbamic acid ethyl ester (400 mg, 1.08 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and heated to 40 °C. Sodiumdithionite (1.13 g, 6.5 mmol) dissolved in water (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 40 °C until all starting material was consumed as judged by TLC.
  • the assay measures the relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel, and was canied out according to a method described by Tang et al. (Tang, W. et. al., J. Biomol. Screen. 2001, 6, 325-331) for hERG potassium channels with the modifications described below.
  • HBSS-containing buffer HBSS-containing buffer.
  • Cells were pre-incubated with drug for 30 min and the 86 Rb + efflux was stimulated by a submaximal concentration of 15 mM KC1 in the continued presence of drug for additional 30 min. After a suitable incubation period, the supernatant was removed and counted in a liquid scintillation counter (Tricarb). Cells were lysed with 2 mM NaOH and the amount of 86 Rb+ was counted.
  • the relative efflux was calculated ((CPM sup er/(CPM S up er + CPM ce ⁇ ))cmpd/ (CPM sup e r /(CPM sup er+ CPM cell )) 15mM ⁇ c ⁇ )* 100-100.
  • the compounds of the invention have an EC 50 of less than 20000nM, in most cases less than 2000nM and in many cases less than 200nM. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention are considered to be useful in the treatment of diseases associated with the KCNQ family potassium channels.
  • Electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings Voltage-activated KCNQ2 currents were recorded from mammalian CHO cells by use of conventional patch-clamp recordings techniques in the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration (Hamill OP et.al. Pfl ⁇ gers Arch 1981; 391: 85-100). CHO cells with stable expression of voltage-activated KCNQ2 channels were grown under normal cell culture conditions in CO 2 incubators and used for electrophysiological recordings 1-7 days after plating. KCNQ2 potassium channels were activated by voltage steps up to + 80 mV in increments of 5-20 mV (or with a ramp protocol) from a membrane holding potential between - 100 mV and - 40 mV (Tatulian L et al.
  • a left- ward shift of the activation threshold or an increase in the maximum induced potassium cunent is expected to decrease the activity in neuronal networks and thus make the compounds useful in diseases with increased neuronal activity - like epilepsia.
  • the test was conducted in groups of male mice using corneal electrodes and administering a square wave current of 26mA for 0.4seconds in order to induce a convulsion characterised by a tonic hind limb extension (Wlaz et al. Epilepsy Research 1998, 30, 219-229).
  • Pilocarpine induced seizures are induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine 250mg/kg to groups of male mice and observing for seizure activity resulting in loss of posture within a period of 30 minutes (Stan et al. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1993, 45, 321-325)
  • a modification of the up-and-down method was used to determine the median threshold to induce tonic hind-limb extension in response to comeal electroshock in groups of male mice.
  • the first mouse of each group received an electroshock at 14 mA, (0.4 s, 50 Hz) and was observed for seizure activity. If a seizure was observed the cunent was reduced by 1mA for the next mouse, however, if no seizure was observed then the current was increased by 1mA. This procedure was repeated for all 15 mice in the treatment group.
  • the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound were determined via. i.v. and p.o. dosing to Spraque Dawley rats, and, thereafter, drawing blood samples over 20 hours. Plasma concentrations were determined with LC/MS/MS.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to aniline derivatives of the general formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and their use.

Description

Substituted aniline derivatives
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to novel substituted aniline derivatives being openers of the KCNQ family potassium ion channels. The compounds are useful for the prevention, treatment and inhibition of disorders and diseases being responsive to opening of the KCNQ family potassium ion channels, one such disease is epilepsy.
Background of the invention Ion channels are cellular proteins that regulate the flow of ions, including potassium, calcium, chloride and sodium into and out of cells. Such channels are present in all animal and human cells and affect a variety of processes including neuronal transmission, muscle contraction, and cellular secretion.
Humans have over 70 potassium channel subunits (Jentsch Nature Reviews
Neuroscience 2000, 1, 21-30) with a great diversity with regard to both structure and function. Neuronal potassium channels, which are found in the brain, are primarily responsible for maintaining a negative resting membrane potential, as well as controlling membrane repolarisation following an action potential.
One subset of potassium channel genes is the KCNQ family. Mutations in four out of five KCNQ genes have been shown to underlie diseases including cardiac arrhythmias, deafness and epilepsy (Jentsch Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2000, 1, 21-30).
The KCNQ4 gene is thought to encode the molecular correlate of potassium channels found in outer hair cells of the cochlea and in Type I hair cells of the vestibular apparatus, in which mutations lead to a form of inherited deafness.
KCNQl (KvLQTl) is co-assembled with the product of the KCNEl (minimal K(+)- channel protein) gene in the heart to form a cardiac-delayed rectifier-like K(+) current. Mutations in this channel can cause one form of inherited long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1), as well as being associated with a form of deafness (Robbins Pharmacol Tlier 2001, 90, 1-19).
The genes KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 were discovered in 1988 and appear to be mutated in an inherited form of epilepsy known as benign familial neonatal convulsions
(Rogawski Trends in Neurosciences 2000, 23, 393-398). The proteins encoded by the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes are localised in the pyramidal neurons of the human cortex and hippocampus, regions of the brain associated with seizure generation and propagation (Cooper et al. Proceedings National Academy of Science USA 2000, 97, 4914-4919).
KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are two potassium channel subunits that form "M-currents" when expressed in vitro. The M-current is a non-inactivating potassium current found in many neuronal cell types. In each cell type, it is dominant in controlling membrane excitability by being the only sustained current in the range of action potential initiation (Marrion Annual Review Physiology 1997, 59, 483-504). Modulation of the M-current has dramatic effects on neuronal excitability, for example activation of the current will reduce neuronal excitability. Openers of these KCNQ channels or activators of the M-current, will reduce excessive neuronal activity and may thus be of use in the treatment, prevention or inhibition of seizures and other diseases and disorders characterised by excessive neuronal activity, such as neuronal hyperexcitability including convulsive disorders, epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
Retigabine (D-23129; N-(2-amino-4-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl) carbamic acid ethyl ester) and analogues thereof are disclosed in EP554543. Retigabine is an anti- convulsive compound with a broad spectrum and potent anticonvulsant properties, both in vitro and in vivo. It is active after oral and intraperitoneal administration in rats and mice in a range of anticonvulsant tests including: electrically induced seizures, seizures induced chemically by pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin and N-methyl- D-aspartate (NMD A) and in a genetic animal model, the DBA/2 mouse (Rostock et al. Epilepsy Research 1996, 23, 211-223). In addition, retigabine is active in the amygdala kindling model of complex partial seizures, further indicating that this compound has potential for anti-convulsive therapy. In clinical trials, retigabine has recently shown effectiveness in reducing the incidence of seizures in epileptic patients (Bialer et al. Epilepsy Research 2002, 51, 31-71).
Retigabine has been shown to activate a K(+) current in neuronal cells and the pharmacology of this induced current displays concordance with the published pharmacology of the M-channel, which recently was correlated to the KCNQ2/3 K(+) channel heteromultimer. This suggests that activation of KCNQ2/3 channels may be responsible for some of the anticonvulsant activity of this agent (Wickenden et al. Molecular Pharmacology 2000, 58, 591-600) - and that other agents working by the same mechanism may have similar uses.
KCNQ 2 and 3 channels have also been reported to be upregulated in models of neuropathic pain (Wickenden et al. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2002, 454.7), and potassium channel modulators have been hypothesised to be active in both neuropathic pain and epilepsy (Schroder et al. Neuropharmacology 2001, 40, 888- 898).
Retigabine has also been shown to be beneficial in animal models of neuropathic pain (Blackburn-Munro and Jensen European Journal of Pharmacology 2003, 460, 109- 116), and we thus suggest that openers of KCNQ channels will be of use in treating pain disorders including neuropathic pain.
The localisation of KCNQ channel mRNA is reported in brain and other central nervous system areas associated with pain (Goldstein et al. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2003, 53.8).
In addition to a role in neuropathic pain, the expression of mRNA for KCNQ 2-5 in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis implies that openers of these channels may also affect the sensory processing of migraine pain (Goldstein et al. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2003, 53.8).
Recent reports demonstrate that mRNA for KCNQ 3 and 5, in addition to that for KCNQ2, are expressed in astrocytes and glial cells. Thus KCNQ 2, 3 and 5 channels may help modulate synaptic activity in the CNS and contribute to the neuroprotective effects of KCNQ channel openers (Noda et al., Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2003, 53.9).
Retigabine and other KCNQ modulators may thus exhibit protection against the neurodegenerative aspects of epilepsy, as retigabine has been shown to prevent limbic neurodegeneration and the expression of markers of apoptosis following kainic acid- induced status epilepticus in the rat (Ebert et al. Epilepsia 2002, 43 Suppl 5, 86-95). This may have relevance for preventing the progression of epilepsy in patients, i.e. be anti-epileptogenic. Retigabine has also been shown to delay the progression of hippocampal kindling in the rat, a further model of epilepsy development (Tober et al. European Journal Of Pharmacology 1996, 303, 163-169).
Thus we suggest that these properties of retigabine and other KCNQ modulators may prevent neuronal damage induced by excessive neuronal activation, and may be of use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and be disease modifying (or antiepileptogenic) in patients with epilepsy.
Given that anticonvulsant compounds such as benzodiazepines and chlormethiazole are used clincially in the treatment of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome and that other anticonvulsant compounds e.g. gabapentin, are very effective in animal models of this syndrome (Watson et al. Neuropharmacology 1997, 36, 1369-1375), we expect that other anticonvulsant compounds such as KCNQ openers will also be effective in this condition.
mRNA for KCNQ 2 and 3 subunits are found in brain regions associated with anxiety and emotional behaviours such as bipolar disorder e.g. hippocampus and amygdala (Saganich et al. Journal of Neuroscience 2001, 21, 4609-4624), and retigabine is reportedly active in some animal models of anxiety-like behaviour (Hartz et al. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2003, 17 suppl 3, A28,B16), and other clinically used anticonvulsant compounds are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. WO 200196540 discloses the use of modulators of the M-current formed by expression of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes for insomnia, while WO 2001092526 discloses that modulators of KCNQ5 can be utilized for the treatment of sleep disorders.
WOO 1/022953 describes the use of retigabine for prophylaxis and treatment of neuropathic pain such as allodynia, hyperalgesic pain, phantom pain, neuropathic pain related to diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain related to migraine.
WO02/049628 describes the use of retigabine for the prevention, treatment, inhibition and amelioration of anxiety disorders such as anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, performance anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress reaction, adjustment disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia and specific phobias.
WO97/15300 describes the use of retigabine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's ; Huntington's ; sclerosis such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; AIDS- induced encephalopathy and other infection-related encephalopathies being caused by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, borrelia and by unknown pathogens, trauma-induced neurodegenerations, neuronal hyperexcitation states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication, and neurodegenerative disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as polyneuropathies and polyneuritides.
Hence, there is a great desire for novel compounds, which are potent openers of the KCNQ family potassium channels.
Also desired are novel compounds with improved properties relative to known compounds, which are openers of the KCNQ family potassium channels, such as retigabine. Improvement of one or more of the following parameters is desired: half-life, clearance, selectivity, interactions with other medications, bioavailability, potency, formulability, chemical stability, metabolic stability, membrane permeability, solubility and therapeutic index. The improvement of such parameters may lead to improvements such as:
• an improved dosing regime by reducing the number of required doses a day, o ease of administration to patients on multiple medications, o reduced side effects, o enlarged therapeutic index, o improved tolerability or o improved compliance.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds, which are potent openers of the KCNQ family potassium channels.
The compounds of the invention are substituted aniline derivatives of the general formula I or salts thereof
Figure imgf000007_0001
(I)
wherein Y, TJ, X, Z, s, q, R , R , R and R are as defined below.
The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of formula I and the use thereof. Detailed description of the invention
Accordingly, the present invention relates to substituted aniline derivatives of the general formula I
Figure imgf000008_0001
(I)
wherein
U is O, S or R2
s is 0 or 1 ;
X is CO or SO2;
Z is O, S or NR4, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydiOxy-C G-al en/yn l and hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
q is 0 or 1;
R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C1-6-allc(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C -8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar, Ar-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and cyano; provided that when R2 is halogen or cyano, then § is 0;
when § is 1 and U is NR2 then R2' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3_8-cycloalk(en)yl-Ci-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar,
Figure imgf000009_0001
Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C -8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl; or R and R together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one further heteroatom;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C -8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
and
Y represents a group of formulae VI, VII, VIII, IX or XXX:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
Figure imgf000010_0003
XXX
wherein
the line represents a bond attaching the group represented by Y to the nitrogen atom;
W is O or S;
a is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
b is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
c is 0 or 1 ;
d is O, 1, 2 or 3; e is 0, 1 or 2;
f is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
h is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and
each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, acyl, Cι-6-alk(an en/yn)yloxy, halogen, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, -CO-NR6R6', cyano, nitro, -NR7R7', -S-R8, -SO2R8 and SO2OR8, or two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms;
R6 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl and Ar;
R7 and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar and acyl; and
R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Figure imgf000011_0001
C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar and -NR9R9'; wherein R9 and R9' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl; with the provisos that when R5 is SO2OR8 then R8 is not -NR9R9' and when R5 is SO2R8 , then R8 is not a hydrogen atom; or salts thereof. Detailed description
One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R1 and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-allc(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and Ca.s-cycloall n l- .e-aU^en/yn l and R1' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3_8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo- -e-alk en/ynJyl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one of R1 and R1' is a hydrogen atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein at least one of R1 and R1' is a hydrogen atom.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein both R1 and R1 are hydrogen atoms. In another preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
§ is 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of Ar, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl; provided that when R2 is halogen or cyano, then s is 0.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1.6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl; provided that when R2 is halogen or cyano, then s is 0.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl and Ar; provided that when R2 is halogen, then § is 0. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 0 and R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R2 is Ar, typically phenyl substituted with halogen or -N(C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl)2.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
I2 is Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, typically C1-3-alk(en yn)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
R »2 i :s C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, typically C3-6-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R2 is C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, typically C3-6~cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-3- alk(en/yn)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
R >2 is
Figure imgf000014_0001
typically Ar-C1-3-alk(en yn)yl.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R2 is Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, typically Ar-C3-6-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R2 is different from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and C1-6-alkyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R2 is a hydrogen atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R2 is a hydrogen atom. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R2 is different from a hydrogen atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein § is 1, U is O and R is different from a hydrogen atom, Cι-6-alkyl and acyl.
hi yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 1, U is S or NR2' and R2 is a hydrogen atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R2 is cyano.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 0 and R • 2 is a halogen atom such as a fluoro atom or a chloro atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1 and TJ is O or S.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1 and TJ is NR2'.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1 and TJ is not NR2'.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2' and R2 and R2' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein § is 1, TJ is NR2' and R2' is selected from the group consisting of Ar, acyl, hydroxy-Cι_.6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2'and R2' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2'and R2 and R2' together form a 5-8 membered saturated or xxnsaturated ring which optionally contains one further heteroatom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R and R together form pyrrolidin, piperidin, piperazin, morpholin, pyrrol, oxazolidin, thiazolidin or imidazolidin.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2' and none of R2 and R2' is a hydrogen atom.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2' and at least one of R2 and R2' is a hydrogen atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2' and R2' is a hydrogen atom.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2' and both R2 and R2' are hydrogen atoms.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein s is 1, TJ is NR2' and at least one of R2 and R2' is different from Ar, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is SO2.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is CO. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein q is 0.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein q is 1.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
Z is S or NR4.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein
Z is O.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of Ar, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl and halo-C -8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula I, wherein R3 is Ar; with the proviso that Ar is different from optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted condensed phenyl such as naphtyl and optionally substituted thienyl.
One embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R3 is Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl; with the proviso that Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl is different from optionally substituted phenyl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and optionally substituted condensed phenyl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, such as optionally substituted naphtyl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl. Another embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein Y is different from optionally substituted thienyl or phenyl when R3 is Ar- -ό-alkyl, wherein Ar is optionally substituted naphtyl and C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl is vinylene, l-propenylene5 methylene or ethylene.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula I, wherein Y is optionally substituted thienyl or phenyl when R3 is different from Ar-C1-6-alkyl, wherein Ar is optionally substituted naphtyl and C1-6-alkyl is vinylene, 1-propenylene, methylene or ethylene.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is CO, q is 0 and R3 is different from C1-4-alkyl, acyl and phenyl optionally being substituted by hydroxyl or C1-4-alkanyloxy.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein X is CO, q is 0 and R is C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, with the proviso that R is different from a methyl group.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl or C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
R »3 is C1-6-alk(en yn)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is not a CH3-group. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein R3 is a CH3-group.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is ethyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is isopropyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is isopropylmethyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein
R »3 is tert-butylmethyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is Ar-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein R3 is Ar-methyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of fonnula I, wherein Y represents a group of fonnulae IX or XXX.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, -CO-NR6R6', cyano, nitro, -NR7R7', -S-R8, -SO2R8 and SO2OR8.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Cs-s-cycloalk en l- -ό-all^en/yn l, Ar, halogen, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl and C1-6-alk(an en/yn)yloxy; or two R5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each Rs is independently selected from the group consisting of C -6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl and C1-6-alk(an en/yn)yloxy; or two R5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms. In another preferred embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, cyano, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and C1-6-alk(an/en/yn)yloxy; or two adjacent substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and C1-6-alk(an/en yn)yloxy.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, halogen, cyano, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl and C1-6- alk(an/en/yn)yloxy.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein two adjacent R5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R5 together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic ring. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R5 together form
-(CH2V-CH2-, -CH=CH-(CH2V-, -CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)p -(CH2)n1-O-, -O-(CH2)m*-O-, -CH2-O-(CH2)p,-O-, -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-,
— (CH )n*— S-, — S-(CH2)m — S-, -CH -S-(CH )pi-S-, -CH2-S-CH -S-CH -, ~(CH2)n*-NH- , -NH-(CH2)m*-NH-, -CH2-NH-(CH2)p.-NH-, - CH=CH-NH-, -O-(CH2)m«-NH-, -CH2-O-(CH2V-NH- or -O-(CH2)p*-NH-CH2-, -S~(CH2)m,-NH-, -N=CH~NH-, -N=CH-O- or -N=CH-S-, wherein m* is 1, 2 or 3, n* is 2, 3 or 4 and p* is 1 or 2.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent Rs together form -(CH2)„*-CH2-, -CH=CH-(CH2)m*-, -CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)p*, wherein m* is 1, 2 or 3, n* is 2, 3 or 4 and p* is 1 or 2.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R5 together form -(CH2)n*-CH2- wherein n* is 2, 3 or 4.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R5 together form -(CH )3-.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R5 is a halogen atom, typically a fluoro or chloro atom.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein two substituents R5 are independently selected halogen atoms. Such halogen atoms are typically selected from the group consisting of fluoro and chloro atoms.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, wherein one R5 is cyano.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R5 is Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R5 is halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, typically trifluoromethyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R5 is C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R5 is Ar, typically phenyl.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein one R5 is C1-6-alk(en/yn)yloxy.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein two adjacent R5 foπn a 5-8 membered saturated carbocyclic ring.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, with the proviso that when X is CO, q is 0 and R »3 is C1-6-alk(en yn)yl such as a methyl group then s is not 0 when R is a hydrogen atom
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula I, with the proviso that when X is CO, q is 0 and R .3 is
Figure imgf000022_0001
such as a methyl group, then R2 is different from a hydrogen atom when s is 1.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of foπnula I, with the proviso that when s is 0 and R is a hydrogen atom then NH-X-(Z)q-R is not acetamide.
In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I is not: N-[4-[[(4-aminophenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N-[4-[[(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N- [4- [ [(4- amino-3 -methy lphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl] -acetamide;
2-[[[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]methyl]amino]-5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)- benzamide;
N-[4-[[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N-[4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide;
N- [4- [ [ [3 -( 1 H-imidazol- 1 -ylmethyl)phenyl] amino]methyl]phenyl] - acetamide; N-[4-[[[2-(lH-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N- [4- [ [ [4-( 1 H-imidazol- 1 -ylmethyl)phenyl] amino]methyl]phenyl] - acetamide; N-[4-[[(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; or N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide.
In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I is not:
2- [ [ [4-(acetylamino)phenyl]methyl] amino] -5 -chloro-N-(5 -chloro-2-pyridinyl)- benzamide;
N-[4-[[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N-[4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetral ydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide;
N- [4- [ [ [3 -( 1 H-imidazol- 1 -ylmethyl)phenyl] amino]methyl]phenyl] - acetamide;
N-[4-[[[2-(lH-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N- [4- [ [ [4-( 1 H-imidazol- 1 -ylmethyl)phenyl] amino]methyl]phenyl] - acetamide;
N-[4-[[(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; or
N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide.
The molecular weight of the compounds of the invention may vary from compound to compound. The molecular weight of a compound of formula I is typically more than 200 and less than 600, and more typically more than 250 and less than 550.
One aspect of the invention, relates to compounds of general formula XI and salts thereof:
Figure imgf000024_0001
(XI)
wherein f, s, q5 TJ, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly any off, §, q, U, X, Z, K1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, R5, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under formula I. Any of the embodiments related to formula I are also embodiments of formula XI.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XI, which is not substituted by R5.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XI being monosubstituted by R5, such as in the ortho-, meta- or para-position.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XI being disubstituted by R5, such as in the ortho- and para-position, in the meta- and para-position and in the ortho- and meta-position.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XI being trisubstituted by R5.
Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII or salts thereof:
Figure imgf000025_0001
wherein g, h, s, qs TJ, X, Z, R , R , R , R and R are as defined above, accordingly any of g, h, s, q5 U, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, R5, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 andR9' are as defined under formula I. Any of the embodiments related to formula I are also embodiments of formula XII.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 1 of the naphtyl group.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 2 of the naphtyl group.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XII, wherein g is 0, 1, 2 or 3, typically 0, 1 or 2.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XII, wherein h is 0, 1 or 2, typically 0 or 1.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII, which are not substituted by Rs.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XII being monosubstituted by R5.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XII being disubstituted by R5. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XII being trisubstituted by R5.
Yet another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII or salts thereof:
Figure imgf000026_0001
(XIII)
wherein a, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly any of a, s, q, U, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, R5, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and
R9' are as defined under formula I. Any of the embodiments related to formula I are also embodiments of formula XIII.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general fonnula XIII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 2 of the heteroaromatic group.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XIII, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 3 of the heteroaromatic group.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII, wherein a is 0, 1 or 2. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII, which are not substituted by R5.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII being monosubstituted by R5. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIII being disubstituted by R5.
Yet another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV or salts thereof:
Figure imgf000027_0001
wherein b, c, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R , R , R , R and R are as defined above, accordingly any of b, c, s, q, U, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, R5, R6, R6', R7,
R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under foπnula I. Any of the embodiments related to formula I are also embodiments of formula XIV.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 2 of the heteroaromatic group.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 3 of the heteroaromatic group.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein b is 0, 1, 2 or 3, typically 0, 1 or 2.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, wherein c is 0 or 1, typically 0.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV, which is not substituted by Rs. In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV being monosubstituted by R5.
hi yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XIV being disubstituted by Rs.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XIV being trisubstituted by R5.
Yet another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV or salts thereof:
Figure imgf000028_0001
wherein d, e, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly d, e, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, Rs, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under formula I. Any of the embodiments related to fonnula I are also embodiments of formula XV.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 4 of the heteroaromatic group.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 5 of the heteroaromatic group.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 6 of the heteroaromatic group. In another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula XV, wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to position 7 of the heteroaromatic group.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, wherein d is 0, 1 or 2, typically 0 or 1.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general fomiula XV, wherein e is 0 or 1.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV, which is not substituted by R5.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general foπnula
XV being monosubstituted by R5.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV being disubstituted by R5.
In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the general formula XV being trisubstituted by R5.
The compounds of the following list and salts thereof are prefeπed:
{2-Amino-4~[(4-tert-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
(2-Amino-4-phenylaminomethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester; • [2-Amino-4-(naphthalen-2-ylaminomethyl)-phenylJ-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(p-tolylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino) -methyl] l -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)-methyl]-plιenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Ammo-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(2-fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(biphenyl-4-ylaminomethyl) -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-methoxyphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-cyclohexylphenylamino) -methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; [2-Amino-4-(indan-5-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-isopropylplιenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester; and {2-Amino-4-[(4-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester.
In another embodiment, the compounds of the following list and salts thereof are prefeπed:
{2-Amino-4-[(4-tert-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
(2-Amino-4-phenylaminomethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(naphthalen-2-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(p-tolylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)-methylj '-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(2-fluorophenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(biphenyl-4-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-methoxyphenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-cyclohexylphenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; [2-Amino-4-(indan-5-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-isopropylphenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(2,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(2, 3-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3, 5 -dichlorophenylaminojmethyl] phenyl} carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2~Amino-4-[(3, 4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(3,4-difluorophenylamino)meihyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-cyanophenylamino)mβthyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-chloro-4-methylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(m-tolylaminomethyl)pherιyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[l-(4-chlorophenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[l-(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
N-{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}-2,2-dimethylpropionamide;
{4- f(4-Chlorophenylamino)methylj henyl} carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(4-Trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[l-(4-Chlorophenylamino)ethyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {4-[(4-Fluorophenylamino)rnethyl]-2-methylphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]~2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Methyl-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]pherιyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(3,4-Difluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {4-[(3-Fluorophenylamino)methyl]~2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(3, 4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Fluoro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4'-Dimethylamino-5-[(3-flιιorophenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4'-Dimethylamino-5-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {4'-Chloro-5-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4'-Chloro-5-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljbutyramide;
N-{4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljbutyramide; N-{4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide;
N-{4[(4-fluoro-phenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljbutyramide;
N-{4[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide;
N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide;
N-{4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide; N-{4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljbutyramide;
N-{2-chloro-4-[(4-trifluorornethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljbutyranιide;
N-{2-chloro-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide;
N-{2-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljbutyramide;
N-{2-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]pherιyl}butyramide; N-{2-chloro-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide;
N-{2-chloro-4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide;
N-{2-fluoro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide;
N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}butyramide;
N-{2-fluoro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide; N-{4-[(3, 4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyljbutyramide; and
N-{4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyljbutyramide. According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula I wherein Y, TJ, X, Z, s, q, R1, R1', R2 and R3 are as defined above, accordingly any of §s q, TJ, X, Z, Y, W, R4, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R5, R6, R6', R7, R7 , R°, R and R are as defined under fomiula I, or salts thereof.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula I or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula I or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula I or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula I or salts thereof. According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XI wherein f, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly any off, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, R5, R6, R , R , R , R , R and R are as defined under formula XI, or salts thereof. Phannaceutical compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XI or salts thereof, such as one compound of foπnula XI or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XI or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula XI or salts thereof.
According to yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XII wherein g, h, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly any of g, h, s, q, TJ, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, Rs, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under formula XII, or salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XII or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula XII or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XII or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula XII or salts thereof.
According to yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a phannaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XIII wherein a, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly any of a, s, q, TJ, X, Z, W, R , R , R , R , R , R , R5, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under formula XIII, or salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XIII or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula XIII or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XIII or salts thereof; or three compounds of fomiula XIII or salts thereof.
According to yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XIV wherein b5 c, §, q, U, Ws X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly any of b, c, s, q, TJ, X, Z5 W, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, R5, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under formula XIV, or salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XIV or salts thereof, such as one compound of fomiula XIV or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XIV or salts thereof; or three compounds of fonnula XIV or salts thereof.
According to yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of formula XV wherein d, e, s, q, TJ, W, X, Z, R1, R1', R2, R3 and R5 are as defined above, accordingly d, e, s, q, TJ, X, Z, W, R1, R1', R2, R2', R3, R4, Rs, R6, R6', R7, R7', R8, R9 and R9' are as defined under foπnula XV, or salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may thus comprise one or more compounds of formula XV or salts thereof, such as one compound of formula XV or a salt thereof; or two compounds of formula XV or salts thereof; or three compounds of formula XV or salts thereof.
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for oral or parenteral administration, said pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of fonnula I or a salt thereof in a therapeutically effective amount together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.
In one aspect, the compounds of the invention may be administered as the only therapeutically effective compound. In another aspect the compounds of the invention may be administered as a part of a combination therapy, i.e. the compounds of the invention may be administered in combination with other therapeutically effective compounds having e.g. anti- convulsive properties. The effects of such other compounds having anti-convulsive properties may include but not be limited to activities on: o ion channels such as sodium, potassium, or calcium channels o the excitatory amino acid systems e.g. blockade or modulation of NMD A receptors
• the inhibitory neurotransmitter systems e.g. enhancement of GABA release, or blockade of GAB A-uptake or
• membrane stabilisation effects.
Current anti-convulsive medications include, but are not limited to, tiagabine, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, gabapentin, pregabalin, ethosuximide, levetiracetam, phenytoin, topiramate, zonisamide as well as members of the benzodiazepine and barbiturate class.
In one aspect, the compounds of the invention have been found to have effect on potassium channels of the KCNQ family, in particular the KCNQ2 subunit.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to the use of one or more compounds according to the invention in a method of treatment. The disorder or condition to be prevented, treated or inhibited is responsive to an increased ion flow in a potassium channel such as the KCNQ family potassium ion channels. Such disorder or condition is preferably a disorder or condition of the central nervous system.
The compounds of the invention are considered useful for increasing ion flow in a voltage-dependent potassium channel in a mammal such as a human.
The compounds of the invention are considered useful for the prevention, treatment or inhibition of a disorder or condition being responsive to an increased ion flow in a potassium channel such as the KCNQ family potassium ion channels. Such disorder or condition is preferably a disorder or condition of the central nervous system. The compounds of the invention are thus considered useful for preventing, treating or inhibiting disorders or diseases such as seizure disorders, neuropathic and migraine pain disorders, anxiety disorders and neurodegenerative disorders.
Accordingly, the compounds of the invention are considered useful for the prevention, treatment or inhibition of disorders or conditions such as convulsions, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative disorders.
According to one particular aspect, the compounds of the invention are considered to be useful for preventing, treating or inhibiting seizure disorders such as convulsions, epilepsy and status epilepticus.
In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of convulsions.
In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of epilepsy, epileptic syndromes and epileptic seizures.
In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of anxiety disorders such as anxiety and conditions and diseases related to panic attack, agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia and other specific phobias, obsessive- compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition, substance- induced anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, adjustment disorders, perfonnance anxiety, hypochondriacal disorders, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition and substance-induced anxiety disorder and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified.
In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neuropathic pain and migraine pain disorders such as allodynia, hyperalgesic pain, phantom pain, neuropathic pain related to diabetic neuropathy and neupathic pain related to migraine.
In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's chorea; multiple sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; encephalopathies induced by AIDS or infection by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, boπelia and unknown pathogens; trauma-induced neurodegenerations; neuronal hyperexcitation states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication; and neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system such as polyneuropathies and polyneuritides. In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's chorea; multiple sclerosis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Creutzfeld- Jakob disease; Parkinson's disease; encephalopathies induced by AIDS or infection by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, borrelia and unknown pathogens; and trauma-induced neurodegenerations.
In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are considered useful in the prevention, treatment and inhibition of neuronal hyperexcitatioii states such as in medicament withdrawal or intoxication.
The invention provides compounds showing effect in one or more of the following tests: • "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel"
Which is a measure of the potency of the compound at the target channel
• "Maximum electroshock"
Which is a measure of seizures induced by non-specific CNS stimulation by electrical means o "Pilocarpine induced seizures"
Seizures induced by pilocarpine are often difficult to treat with many existing antiseizure medications and so reflect a model of "drug resistant seizures"
• "Electrical seizure-threshold tests" and "Chemical seizure-threshold tests" These models measure the threshold at which seizures are initiated, thus being models that detect whether compounds could delay seizure initiation. β "Amygdala kindling"
Which is used as a measure of disease progression, as in normal animals the seizures in this model get more severe as the animal receives further stimulations.
According to one particular aspect of the invention, the compounds are KCNQ2 active with an EC 0 of less than 15000nM such as less than lOOOOnM as measured by the test "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel" which is described below.
According to one particular aspect of the invention, the compounds are KCNQ2 active with an EC50 of less than 2000nM such as less than 1500nM as measured by the test "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel" which is described below.
According to another particular aspect of the invention, the compounds are KCNQ2 active with an EC50 of less than 200nM such as less than 150nM as measured by the test "Relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel" which is described below.
According to another particular aspect of the invention, the compounds have an ED50 of less than 15 mg/kg in the test "Maximum electroshock" which is described below.
According to yet another particular aspect of the invention, the compounds have an ED50 of less than 5 mg/kg in the test "Maximum electroshock" which is described below. According to one particular aspect of the invention, the compounds have an ED50 of less than 5 mg/kg in the "Electrical seizure -threshold test" and "Chemical seizure - threshold test" which is described below.
Some compounds have few or clinically insignificant side effects. Some of the compounds are thus tested in models of the unwanted sedative, hypothermic and ataxic actions of the compounds. Some of the compounds have a large therapeutic index between anticonvulsant efficacy and side-effects such as impairment of locomotor activity or ataxic effects as measured by performance on a rotating rod. This means that the compounds will expectedly be well tolerated in patients pennitting high doses to be used before side effects are seen. Thereby compliance with the therapy will expectedly be good and administration of high doses may be permitted making the treatment more efficacious in patients who would otherwise have side effects with other medications.
Definitions
The tenn heteroatom refers to a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom.
Halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
The expressions Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl and C1-6-alk(an en/yn)yl mean a C1-6-alkyl, C2-6-alkenyl or a C2-6-alkynyl group.
The term Cι_.6-alkyl refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1 -butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-2-dimethyl- 1-propyl and 2-methyl-l -propyl.
Similarly, C2-6-alkenyl and C2-6-alkynyl, respectively, designate such groups having from two to six carbon atoms, including one double bond and one triple bond respectively, including but not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, ethynyl, propynyl and butynyl.
The expressions C1-4-alkyl and C1- -alkanyl refer to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1 -butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl and 2-methyl- 1 -propyl. The expression C1-3-alk(en/yn)yl means a C1-3-alkyl, C2-3-alkenyl or a C2-3-alkynyl group.
The temi Cι-3-alkyl refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from one to tliree carbon atoms inclusive, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl and 2-propyl.
Similarly, C2-3-alkenyl and C2-3-alkynyl, respectively, designate such groups having from two to three carbon atoms, including one double bond and one triple bond respectively, including but not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, ethynyl and propynyl.
The expressions C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-8-cycloalk(an/en)yl mean a C3-8-cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl group.
The term C3-8-cycloalkyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having tliree to eight C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
The expressions C3-6-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-6-cycloalk(an en)yl mean a C3-6-cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl group.
The term C3-6-cycloalkyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having three to six C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
The term C3-8-cycloalkenyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having tliree to eight C-atoms and including one double bond.
The expression C5-s-cycloalk(en)yl means a C5-8-cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl group.
The temi C5-8-cycloalkyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having five to eight C-atoms, including but not limited to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. The teπn C5-8-cycloalkenyl designates a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocycle having five to eight C-atoms and including one or two double bonds.
In the term C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl are as defined above.
The temi Ar refers to optionally substituted aromatic systems of 5-10 carbon atoms, wherein 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms may be replaced with independently selected heteroatoms. Examples of such Ar groups are optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted naphtyl, optionally substituted thiophene, optionally substituted furan, optionally substituted thiazole, optionally substituted pyridine, optionally substituted pyrimidine, optionally substituted pyπole and optionally substituted oxazole. Ar may be substituted with one or more substituents independently being hydroxy, halogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloallc(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C -6-alk(an/en/yn)yloxy, C3-8-alk(an en/yn)yloxy, acyl, cyano, -CO-NH-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, -CO-N(C1-6-all en yn)yl)2, -NH-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, -N(Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl)2, -NH2, -S-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, -SO2-Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, -SO2N(Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl)2, -SO2NH-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and -SO2O-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl; or two substituents may together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms. Such two ringforming substituents may be adjacent and may together form:
Figure imgf000041_0001
-(CH2)n**-O-, -O-(CH2)m**-O-, -CH2-O-(CH2)p**-O-, -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-, — (CH2)ns!i— S-, — S-(CH2)m** — -, -CH2-S-(CH2)p**-S~, -CH2-S-CH2-S-CH2-,
-(CH2)n* *-NH- , -NH-(CH2)m«-NH-, -CH2-NH-(CH2)P**-NH-, - CH=CH-NH-, -O-(CH2)m*.-NH-, -CH2-O-(CH2y -NH- or -O-(CH2)p**-NH-CH2-, -S-(CH2)m^-NH-, -N=CH-NH-, -N=CH-O- or -N=CH-S-, wherein m** is 1, 2 or 3, n** is 2, 3 or 4 and p** is 1 or 2.
As used herein, the term acyl refers to formyl, C1-6-alk(en yn)ylcarbonyl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)ylcarbonyl, Ar-carbonyl, Ar-Cι-6-alk(en yn)ylcarbonyl or a C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl-carbonyl group, wherein C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and Ar are as defined above.
The term halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl designates C1-6-alk(en yn)yl being substituted with one or more halogen atoms, including but not limited to trifluoromethyl. Similarly, halo-C -8-cycloalk(en)yl designates C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl being substituted with one or more halogen atoms and halo-C -8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, designates C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl being substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
The tenns hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-alk(en yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Cι-6-alk(an en/yn)yloxy, C1- -alkanyloxy, C2-6-alkenyloxy, C2-6-alkynyloxy, C3-8-alk(an/en yn)yloxy, C1- -alk(en yn)ylcarbonyl, C3-8-allc(en yn)ylcarbonyl, Ar-carbonyl, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)ylcarbonyl etc. designate such groups in which the C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C2-6-alkenyl, C2_.6-alkynyl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and Ar are as defined above.
The term "two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring, which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms," refers to aliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic systems wherein the ring is formed by 5 to 8 atoms which may be substituted by one or more substituents independently being C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C3-8-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, halogen, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C3-8-alk(en/yn)yl or C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl. The ring forming atoms are selected from 3-8 carbon atoms and 0-2 heteroatoms selected from N, S, or O. When the two ring forming substituents are attached to the same nitrogen atom, then said nitrogen atom becomes one of the atoms forming the ring. When two ring fonning substituents are attached to an aliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group, then the two ringforming substituents are conveniently attached adjacent to each other and the ring formed by the two substituents is fused to the aliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group. Two ring forming substituents may together be represented by: -(CH2)n»-CH2-, -CH=CH-(CH2)m»-, -CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)P», -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -(CH2)n> -O-, -O-(CH2)m-O-, -CH2-O-(CH2)p-O-, -CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-, -(CH2)„'-S-, -S-(CH2)m>- S-, -CH2-S-(CH2y -S-, -CH2-S-CH2-S-CH2-, -(CH2)„>-NH~ , -NH-(CH2)m»-NH-, -CH2-NH-(CH2y -NH-, - CH=CH-NH-, -O-(CH2)m>-NH-, -CH2-O-(CH2)p»-NH- or -O-(CH2) -NH-CH2-, -S-(CH2)m»-NH-, -N=CH-NH-, -N=CH-O- or -N=CH-S-, wherein m5 £ is 1, 2 or 3, n" is 2, 3 or 4 and p" is 1 or 2.
The salts of the invention are preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Such salts include pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the invention are preferably acid addition salts.
Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic acids as well as organic acids.
The acid addition salts of the invention are preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention formed with non-toxic acids.
Representative examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric and nitric acids and the like. Such acid addition salts can be formed by methods known to the person skilled in the art. Further examples of phannaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 2, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Representative examples of suitable organic acids include formic, acetic, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, benzoic, cinnamic, citric, fumaric, glycolic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, oxalic, picric, pyruvic, salicylic, succinic, ethanesulfonic, tartaric, ascorbic, pamoic, gluconic, citraconic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, EDTA, glycolic, p-aminobenzoic, glutamic, bis-methylenesalicylic, methanesulfonic, ethanedisulfonic, itaconic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, theophylline acetic acids, as well as the 8-halotheophyllines, for example 8- bromotheophylline and the like. Further examples of pharmaceutical acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in J. Pharm. Sci. 1977,66,2, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Examples of metal salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium salts and the like.
Examples of ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts include ammonium, methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, ethyl-, hydroxyethyl-, diethyl-, n-butyl-, sec-butyl-, tert-butyl-, tetramethylammonium salts and the like.
Also intended as pharmaceutical acceptable acid addition salts are the hydrates, which the present compounds are able to form.
The compounds of the present invention may have one or more asymmetric centres and it is intended that any optical isomers, as separated, pure or partially purified optical isomers or racemic mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.
Furthermore, when a double bond or a fully or partially saturated ring system is present in the molecule geometric isomers may be formed. It is intended that any geometric isomers, as separated, pure or partially purified geometric isomers or mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention. Likewise, molecules having a bond with restricted rotation may fonn geometric isomers. These are also intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Furthemiore, some of the compounds of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric fom s and it is intended that any tautomeric forms that the compounds are able to fonn are included within the scope of the present invention.
The compounds of this invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of this invention. Some of the compounds of the present invention contain chiral centres and such compounds exist in the form of isomers (i.e. enantiomers). The invention includes all such isomers and any mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures.
Racemic fonns can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example, by separation of diastereomeric salts thereof with an optically active acid, and liberating the optically active amine compound by treatment with a base. Another method for resolving racemates into the optical antipodes is based upon chromatography on an optically active matrix. Racemic compounds of the present invention can also be resolved into their optical antipodes, e.g. by fractional crystallization of d- or 1- (tartrates, mandelates or camphorsulphonate) salts. The compounds of the present invention may also be resolved by the formation of diastereomeric derivatives.
Additional methods for the resolution of optical isomers, lαiown to those skilled in the art, may be used. Such methods include those'discussed by J. Jaques, A. Collet and S. Wilen in "Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions", John Wiley and Sons, New York (1981).
Optically active compounds can also be prepared from optically active starting materials.
The invention also encompasses prodrugs of the present compounds, which on administration undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming pharmacologically active substances. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of the general formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV, which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of the formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
The invention also encompasses active metabolites of the present compounds. Whenever mentioned in relation to the compounds of the formulae I, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV or XV, the terms epilepsy and epilepsies embrace any of the epilepsies, epileptic syndromes and epileptic seizures refened to in International League Against Epilepsy: Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1981 22: 489-501 and in International League Against Epilepsy: Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1989 30(4): 389-399.
Whenever mentioned in relation to the compounds of the formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV, the term anxiety disorders embraces conditions and diseases related to panic attack, agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition, substance-induced anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, adjustment disorders and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified as defined by American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4ed 1994: 110-113, 393-444 and 623-627.
Pharmaceutical compositions
The compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free base or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Representative examples are mentioned above.
If desired, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise the compound of formula I in combination with further pharmacologically active substances such as those described in the foregoing.
The compounds of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable caniers or excipients, in either single or multiple doses. The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable caniers or diluents as well as any other known adjuvants and excipients in accordance with conventional techniques such as those disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19 Edition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995.
The phannaceutical compositions may be specifically formulated for administration by any suitable route such as the oral, rectal, nasal, pulmonary, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, intracisternal, intraperitoneal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous and intradermal) route, the oral route being prefened. It will be appreciated that the preferred route will depend on the general condition and age of the subject to be treated, the nature of the condition to be treated and the active ingredient chosen.
Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration include solid dosage fonns such as capsules, tablets, dragees, pills, lozenges, powders and granules. Where appropriate, they can be prepared with coatings such as enteric coatings or they can be formulated so as to provide controlled release of the active ingredient such as sustained or prolonged release according to methods well known in the art.
Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
Phannaceutical compositions for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and nonaqueous injectable solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders to be reconstituted in sterile injectable solutions or dispersions prior to use. Depot injectable foπnulations are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
Other suitable administration forms include suppositories, sprays, ointments, cremes, gels, inhalants, dermal patches, implants etc. The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention or those which are manufactured in accordance with this invention may be administered by any suitable route, for example orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, etc., or parenterally in the fomi of solutions for injection. For preparing such compositions, methods well lαiown in the art may be used, and any pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients or other additives normally used in the art may be used.
A typical oral dosage is in the range of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight per day, preferably from about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg body weight per day, and more prefened from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg body weight per day administered in one or more dosages such as 1 to 3 dosages. The exact dosage will depend upon the frequency and mode of administration, the sex, age, weight and general condition of the subject treated, the nature and severity of the condition treated and any concomitant diseases to be treated and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage fonn by methods lαiown to those skilled in the art. A typical unit dosage form for oral administration one or more times per day such as 1 to 3 times per day may contain from 0.05 to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 to about 500 mg, and more prefened from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg.
For parenteral routes such as intravenous, intrathecal, intramuscular and similar administration, typically doses are in the order of about half the dose employed for oral administration.
The compounds of this invention are generally utilized as the free substance or as a phannaceuticaUy acceptable salt thereof. One example is a base addition salt of a compound having the utility of a free acid. When a compound of the invention contains a free acid such salts may be prepared in a conventional mamier by treating a solution or suspension of a free acid of the compound of the invention with a chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable base. Representative examples are mentioned above. For parenteral administration, solutions of the novel compounds of the invention in sterile aqueous solution, aqueous propylene glycol, aqueous vitamin E or sesame or peanut oil may be employed. Such aqueous solutions should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. The aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The sterile aqueous media employed are all readily available by standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Solutions for injections may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient and possible additives in a part of the solvent for injection, preferably sterile water, adjusting the solution to a desired volume, sterilising the solution and filling it in suitable ampules or vials. Any suitable additive conventionally used in the art may be added, such as tonicity agents, preservatives, antioxidants, etc.
Suitable pharmaceutical caniers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents.
Examples of solid carriers are lactose, tena alba, sucrose, cyclodextrin, talc, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid and lower alkyl ethers of cellulose com starch, potato starch, talcum, magnesium stearate, gelatine, lactose, gums, and the like.
Any other adjuvants or additives usually used for such purposes such as colourings, flavourings, preservatives etc. may be used provided that they are compatible with the active ingredients.
Examples of liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, phospho lipids, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, polyoxyethylene and water. Similarly, the carrier or diluent may include any sustained release material lαiown in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax.
The pharmaceutical compositions formed by combining the novel compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutical acceptable carriers are then readily administered in a variety of dosage forms suitable for the disclosed routes of administration. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form by methods lαiown in the art of pharmacy.
Foπnulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, and which may include one or more suitable excipients. Furthermore, the orally available formulations may be in the form of a powder or granules, a solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or an oil-in- water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
If a solid carrier is used for oral administration, the preparation may be tablette, placed in a hard gelatine capsule in powder or pellet fonn or it can be in the form of a troche or lozenge.
The amount of solid carrier will vary widely but will usually be from about 25 mg to about 1 g.
If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrap, emulsion, soft gelatine capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
If desired, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise the compound of the fonnulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV in combination with further pharmacologically active substances such as those described in the foregoing. Typical examples of recipes for the formulation of the invention are as follows:
1) Tablets containing 5.0 mg of a compound of the invention calculated as the free base: Compound of formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV 5.0 mg
Lactose 60 mg
Maize starch 30 mg
Hydroxypropylcellulose 2.4 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 19.2 mg
Croscarmellose Sodium Type A 2.4 mg
Magnesium stearate 0.84 mg
2) Tablets containing 0.5 mg of a compound of the invention calculated as the free base:
Compound of fonnulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV 0.5 mg
Lactose 46.9 mg
Maize starch 23.5 mg Povidone 1.8 mg
Microcrystalline cellulose 14.4 mg
Croscarmellose Sodium Type A 1.8 mg
Magnesium stearate 0.63 mg
3) Syrup containing per millilitre:
Compound of formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV 25 mg
Sorbitol 500 mg
Hydroxypropylcellulose 15 mg
Glycerol 50 mg
Methyl-paraben l g
Propyl-paraben 0.1 mg
Ethanol 0.005 mL
Flavour 0.05 mg
Saccharin sodium 0.5 mg
Water ad 1 L
4) Solution for injection containing per millilitre:
Compound of formulae I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV or XV 0.5 mg
Sorbitol 5.1 mg Acetic Acid 0.05 mg
Saccharin sodium 0.5 mg
Water ad 1 mL Preparation of the compounds of the invention
The compounds of the invention of the general formula I, wherein R1, R1', R2, R2',
R3, TJ, Y, X, Z, q and § are as defined above may be prepared by the methods as represented in the schemes and as described below:
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000052_0002
Scheme B:
Figure imgf000052_0003
In the compounds of general formulae II, Ilia, Illb, IV, V, XX, XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII and XXVIII
R , R , R , R , R , TJ, Y, X, Z, q and s are as defined under formula I, with the proviso that Ri is not acyl in compounds of general fonnulae XXII, XXIII, XXIV and IDLY.
Compounds of the general formulae II, XX, XXIII, XXIV and XXVI are either obtained from commercial sources, or prepared by standard methods lαiown to chemists skilled in the art.
Compounds of the general formulae Ilia and Illb are either obtained from commercial sources, or prepared by standard methods known to chemists skilled in the art as outlined below.
Compounds of the general formula XXII, may be prepared by reacting suitably substituted p-bromo-anilines or p-iodo-anilines of general formula XX with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature. These derivatives of general formula XXI are then subjected to an acid- base reaction at the NH-function using an alkylmagnesium halide, such as methylmagnesium halide, isopropylmagnesium halide, or using a dialkyhnagnesium, such as dibutylmagnesium, as the base, in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethylether at a suitable temperatutre such as -30 °C or 0 °C. The acid-base reaction is then in situ followed by a lithium-halogen exchange by the addition of an allcyllithium such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium or tert-butyllithium in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethylether at a suitable temperatutre such as -78 °C or 0 °C. The organometallic species are then reacted with a suitable formylating reagent such as DMF or a suitable acylating reagent such as acetylchloride. For general references see Wakefield (B. J. Wakefield, "Organomagnesium Methods in Organic Synthesis", Academic Press, 1995) and Brandsma & Verkruijsse (L. Brandsma and H. D. Verkruijsse, "Preparative Polar Organometallic Chemistry", Springer- Verlag, 1987).
Alternatively, compounds of the general formula XXII may be prepared by palladium catalysed C-N bond-forming reaction between suitably substituted p-bromo or p-iodo derivatives of general formula XXIII and suitably substituted amides or carbamates, as described by S. L. Buchwald et al. (J. Yin and S. L. Buchwald, Organic Letters, 2000, 2, 1101).
Alternatively, compounds of the general fonnula XXII may be prepared by reacting suitably substituted anilines of general formula XXIV with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature.
Compounds of general formula XXV may be prepared by nitration of compounds of formula XXII, in which (U)s-R2 is hydrogen, under standard nitrating conditions, such as acetic acid anhydride/nitric acid, sulphuric acid/nitric acid, sulfuric acid/sodium or potassium nitrate, trifluoroacetic acid/sodium or potassium nitrate at a suitable temperature such as 0 °C or room temperature.
Compounds of general formula XXVII may be prepared by reacting compounds of general formula XXVT with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro fonnates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature. Compounds of general formula XXVIII may be prepared from compounds of the general foπnula XXVII by radical halogenation reactions lαiown to the chemist skilled in the art, such as reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and dibenzoylperoxide, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrachloromethane or benzene at a suitable temperature, such as reflux temperature.
Some compounds of general formula V may be prepared by reductive amination reactions of compounds of the general formula XXV, lαiown to the chemist skilled in the art, with amines of type Y-NH2, using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydri.de in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, at a suitable temperature.
Alternatively, compounds of general formula XXV can be reacted with amines of type Y-NH2, in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, xylene or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to form imines, that can be isolated by crystallisation or by evaporation of the solvent. The imines can then be reduced using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to give compounds of the general formula V.
Alternatively, some compounds of the general formula V may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general formula XXVIII with amines of type Y-NH2, for example 4-tert-butylaniline, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide, with or without addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate, at a suitable temperature.
Alternatively, some compounds of general formula V may be prepared by nitration of compounds of general structure IV, in which (TJ)S-R2 is hydrogen, under standard nitrating conditions, such as acetic acid anhydride/nitric acid, sulphuric acid/nitric acid, sulfuric acid/sodium or potassium nitrate, trifluoroacetic acid/sodium or potassium nitrate at a suitable temperature such as 0 °C or room temperature, followed by reaction with amines of type Y-NH2, for example 4-tert-butylaniline, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N-dimethylformamide, with or without addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate, at a suitable temperature.
Altenatively, appropriate carboxylic acids are reduced with appropriate reducing agents, such as borane, and carboxylic acid esters are reduced with appropriate reducing agents, such as diisobutyl aluminium hydride. The resulting benzylic alcohols are then reacted with a suitable oxidant, such as tetrapropylammonium perruthenate/N-methylmorpholin-N-oxide, pyridinium chlorochromat or dimethylsulfoxide/ oxalylchlori.de, to give compounds of general formula Illb. Additionally, for further variation of R2, compounds of the general formula Ilia, wherein R = methyl, TJ = oxygen, and s = 1, can be demethylated by methods known to chemists skilled in the art, such as treatment with boron tribromide in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, at a suitable temperature, such as 0 °C or room temperature. The resulting phenols can then be transformed into compounds of the general formula Ilia, wherein TJ = oxygen, and s = 1, by methods known to chemists skilled in the art. Such methods include: (a) the reaction with electrophiles, such as alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, benzyl chlorides, benzyl bromides, benzyl iodides, carbonic acid chlorides, carbonic acid bromides, or carbonic acid anhydrides in the presence of suitable bases, such as potassium carbonate, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, NN-dimethylformamide, or 1,2- dichloroethane, at suitable temperatures, such as room temperature or reflux temperature; (b) the reaction with alkyl, benzylic, or heteroarylalkyl alkohols under conditions known as the Mitsunobu reaction (O. Mitsunobu Synthesis 1981, 1).
Alternatively, compounds of the general foπnula Ilia may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general structure II with suitable electrophilic reagents, such as suitably substituted acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, carbamoyl chlorides, chloro formates, isocyanates and with or without the addition of bases, such as pyridine, trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, such as room temperature or reflux temperature.
Compounds of the general formula IV may be prepared from compounds of the general fonnula Ilia by radical halogenation reactions known to the chemist skilled in the art, such as reaction with N-bromosuccinimide and dibenzoylperoxide, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrachloromethane or benzene at a suitable temperature, such as reflux temperature.
Some compounds of the general formula I may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general formula IV with amines of type Y-NH2, for example 4-tert- butylaniline, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or N,N- dimethylformamide, with or without addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines or potassium carbonate, at a suitable temperature.
Compounds of the general foπnula I can be prepared by reductive amination reactions of compounds of the general formulae Illb and XXII, known to the chemist skilled in the art, with amines of type Y-NH2, using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tefrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, at a suitable temperature.
Alternatively, compounds of the general formulae Illb and XXIIcan be reacted with amines of type Y-NH2, in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, xylene or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to form imines, that can be isolated by crystallisation or by evaporation of the solvent. The imines can then be reduced using reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, to give compounds of the general formula I.
Alternatively, compounds of the general formula I may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of the general formula V with a suitable reducing agent, such as iron or zinc powder in aqueous hydrochloric acid or in alcoholic ammonium chloride or aqueous sodium dithionite, in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran or ethanol.
To obtain compounds of the general formula I, where U is NR2' and s is 1 and R2 and optionally R2' are not hydrogen, a protecting group, such as tertbutyloxycarbonyl, is introduced at the benzylic nitrogen in compounds of the general formula V, before the reduction of the nitro group, by methods lαiown to the chemist skilled in the art. This protecting group is cleaved by lαiown methods, after the introduction of R2 and optionally R2', said introduction is accomplished by using one or more of the following methods:
Introduction of R2 by a reductive alkylation procedure using suitable aldehydes and reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
Optional introduction of R2' by an additional reductive alkylation procedure using suitable aldehydes and reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof, with or without addition of catalytic amounts of acid, such as acetic acid, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
Alternatively, R2' or R2 may be introduced by an acylation reaction using suitable electrophilic reagents, such as acid chlorides, acid bromides, acid iodides, sulfonyl chlorides, and alkyl fonnates with the addition of bases, such as trialkyl amines, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide or lithium-, sodium-, or potassium alcoholates, in a suitable solvent, such as ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or diethyl ether, at a suitable temperature, as described above.
Examples
Analytical LC-MS data were obtained on a PE Sciex API 150EX instrument equipped with IonSpray source and Shimadzu LC-8A/SLC-10A LC system. Column: 30 X 4.6 mm Waters Symmmetry C18 column with 3.5 μm particle size; Solventsystem: A = water/trifluoroacetic acid (100:0.05) and B = water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid (5:95:0.03); Method: Linear gradient elution with 90%. A to 100% B in 4 minutes and with a flow rate of 2 mL/min. Purity is expressed in % and was determined by integration of the UV (254 nm) and ELSD trace. The retention times (RT) are expressed in minutes.
1 1 ^ H NMR spectra were recorded at 500.13 MHz and C NMR spectra were recorded at 125.76 MHz, both on a Bruker Avance DRX500 instrument. Deuterated chloroform (99.8%D) or dimethyl sulfoxide (99.8%D) were used as solvents. TMS was used as internal reference standard. Chemical shift values are expressed in ppm-values. The following abbreviations are used for multiplicity of NMR signals: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, qui = quintet, h = heptet, dd = double doublet, dt = double triplet, dq = double quartet, tt = triplet of triplets, m = multiplet and br = broad.
Preparation of intermediates
(4-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester 4-Methyl-2-nitroaniline (45.7 g, 0.30 mol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (350 mL) and K2CO3 (50 g, 0.36 mol) was added. Ethyl chlorofoπnate (39.1 g, 0.36 mol) dissolved in THF (50 mL) was added and the solution refluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the solid filtered off. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting solid recrystallised from ethanol to give 47.1 g (70 %) of the title compound as yellow crystals. LC/MS (m/z) 224.9 (MH+); RT = 3.08. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.35 (t, 3H); 2.38 (s, 3H); 4.28 (q, 2H); 7.42 (d, IH); 8.00 (s, IH); 8.45 (d, IH); 9.70 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.4, 20.4, 61.9, 120.7, 125.6, 132.4, 133.1, 135.9, 136.9, 153.3. The following intermediates were prepared analogously:
(4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 278.9 (M+); RT = 3.45. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.38 (t, 3H); 4.30 (q, 2H); 7.10 (br s, IH); 7.42 (d, IH); 7.55 (s, IH); 8.12 (d, IH). 13C NMR (CDC13): 14.9, 62.2, 115.5, 121.3, 123.0, 131.2, 131.8, 134.5, 153.4.
(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 262.8 (M+); RT - 3.21. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.27 (q, 2H); 6.80 (br s, IH); 7.30 (br m, 2H); 8.05 (br m, IH).
(4-Bromo-2-methylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m z) 258.6 (M+); RT = 3.67. lH NMR (CDCI3): 1.38 (t, 3H); 2.35 (s, 3H);
4.30 (q, 2H); 7.05 (br s, IH); 7.50 (d, IH); 7.65 (s, IH); 8.20 (d, IH).
(4-Acetylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 207.8 (M+); RT = 2.16. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 2.60 (s, 3H); 4.27 (q, 2H); 7.00 (br s, IH); 7.50 (d, 2H); 7.95 (d, 2H). 13C NMR (CDC13): 14.9, 26.8, 62.0, 118.0, 130.3, 132.5, 142.9, 153.5, 197.4.
N-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)butyramide
LC/MS (m/z) 277.8 (MH+); RT = 3.00. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 0.95 (t, 3H); 1.70 (m, 2H); 2.35 (t, 2H); 7.32 (d, IH); 7.45 (s, IH); 7.50 (br s, IH); 8.25 (d, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.1, 19.8, 40.3, 117.1, 122.9, 123.5, 131.2, 131.8, 134.3, 171.6.
N-(4-bromophenyl)butyramide
1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.35 (t, 2H); 7.15 (br s, IH); 7.45 (br m,
4H).
N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)butyramide
1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H); 2.45 (t, 2H); 7.30 (br m, 3H); 8.30 (br m, IH). N-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)butyramide
LC/MS (m/z) 256.0 (M+); RT = 2.60. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1-05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 6.90 (br s, IH); 7.35 (br m, 2H); 7.80 (br d, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 13.8, 17.6, 19.0, 39.5, 180.0, 124.9, 127.0, 130.5, 132.7, 133.1, 134.8, 171.3.
(4-Bromomethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester
(4-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (22.4 g, 0.10 mol) is dissolved in CC1 (300 mL) and N-bromosuccinimide (17.8 g, 0.10 mmol) is added followed by dibenzoylperoxid (0.73 g, 0.003 mol). The mixture is stirred at reflux for 12 hours and then cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture was filtered and the solution concentrated in vacuo. The remaining solid was recrystallised from methanol to give 17.0 g (56 %>) of the title compound as bright yellow crystals. LC/MS (m z) 304.3 (MH+); RT = 3.22. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.38 (t, 3H); 4.29 (q, 2H); 4.50 (s, 2H); 7.65 (d, IH); 8.25 (s, IH); 8.58 (d, IH); 9.85 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDC13): 14.8, 31.5, 62.5, 121.6, 126.5, 132.4, 135.9, 136.0, 136.8, 153.4.
(2-Chloro-4-formylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
To (4-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (6.1 g, 21.9 mmol) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), kept under an argon atmosphere and cooled on an ice bath, was added dibutylmagnesium (11 mL of a 1.0 M solution in heptane, 11 mmol) and the solution was stiπed for 30 minutes. The solution was then cooled to -78 °C using an acetone/dry-ice bath and n-butyllithium (15 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane) was added over 30 minutes, while keeping the temperature below -70 °C. The mixture was stiπed for 1 hour, and then DMF (3.2 g, 43.8 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was allowed to reach ambient temperature, stiπed for 1 hour, and quenched by addition of aqueous ammoniumchloride (50 mL). The phases were separated and the organic phase was evaporated in vacuo. The product was purified by column chromatography using silica gel on a Flashmaster system eluting with heptane/ethyl acetate (linear gradient from 1:0 to 5:1). Fractions containing the product were pooled and evaporation in vacuo gave the title compound as a white solid (2.5 g, 50%) LC/MS (m/z) 228.1 (M+); RT = 2.55. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1-30 (t, 3H); 4.22 (q, 2H); 7.45 (br s, IH); 7.70 (d, IH); 7.85 (s, IH); 8.38 (d, IH); 9.80 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.4, 62.2, 118.9, 122.2, 129.9, 130.2, 131.7, 140.2, 152.7, 189.7.
The following inteπnediates were prepared analogously:
(2-Fluoro-4-formylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 211.9 (M*); RT = 2.24. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.38 (t, 3H); 4.32 (q, 2H); 7.15 (br s, IH); 7.60-7.72 (br m, 2H); 8.40 (br m, IH); 9.90 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.4, 62.1, 114.2, 119.1, 128.2, 131.5, 132.6, 150.7, 152.7, 190.0.
(4-Formyl-2-methylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 207.8 (ML); RT = 2.18. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.38 (t, 3H); 2.40 (s, 3H); 4.30 (q, 2H); 6.70 (br s, IH); 7.70 (d, IH); 7.80 (s, IH); 8.25 (d, IH); 9.93 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.5, 17.5, 61.8, 118.6, 125.7, 130.1, 131.2, 131.4, 142.0, 153.1, 191.3.
N-(4-formylphenyl)butyramide
LC/MS (m/z) 192.0 (M+); RT = 1.94. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 7.60 (br s, IH); 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.85 (d, 2H); 9.95 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 13.7, 18.9, 39.8, 119.2, 131.2, 132.2, 143.6, 171.7, 191.1.
N-(2-chloro-4-formylphenyl)butyramide
LC/MS (m/z) 225.7 (M+); RT = 2.39. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.08 (t, 3H); 1.82 (m, 2H); 2.50 (t, 2H); 7.80 (d, IH); 7.90 (br s, IH); 7.95 (s, IH); 8.70 (d, IH); 9.90 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 13.7, 18.8, 40.0, 120.6, 122.8, 129.6, 130.3, 132.2, 139.8, 171.5, 189.8.
N-(2-fluoro-4-formylphenyl)butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 210.0 (M"1"); RT = 2.10. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.45 (t, 2H); 7.60 (m, IH); 7.70 (br m, 3H); 8.65 (m, IH); 9.90 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 13.7, 18.8, 39.8, 113.9, 120.8, 128.3, 132.2, 151.0, 152.9, 171.7, 190.0. N-(4-formyl-2-methylphenyl)butyramide
LC/MS (m/z) 206.0 (M+); RT = 1.98. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1-05 (t, 3H); 1.85 (m, 2H); 2.35 (s, 3H); 2.45 (t, 2H); 7.10 (br s, IH); 7.70 (br m, 2H); 7.80 (br m, IH); 8.35 (br m, IH); 9.95 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 13.7, 17.6, 19.0, 39.8, 121.1, 127.0, 129.9, 131.2, 132.2, 141.7, 171.3, 191.3.
(4-Formylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
4-Bromobenzaldehyde (9.25 g, 50 mmol), ethyl carbamate (5.35 g, 60 mmol), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium (288 mg, 1.0 mol%), 4,5- bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (435 mg, 1.5 mol%) and cesiumcarbonate (23.0 g, 70 mmol) was suspended in dry tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) under an argon atmosphere and the mixture was heated to 80 °C over night. After cooling to ambient temperature the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), filtered and purified by filtration through a short plug of silica gel. Evaporation in vacuo gave the title compound as a yellow solid (9.3 g, 96.3%). LC/MS (m/z) 193.7 (M1"); RT = 2.12. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.28 (t, 3H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 6.95 (br s, IH); 7.50 (d, 2H); 7.78 (d, 2H); 9.85 (s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.9, 62.2, 118.4, 131.7, 132.0, 144.2, 153.4, 191.4.
The following intermediate was prepared analogously:
(4-Formyl-2-nitrophenyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
1H MR (CDC13): 1.55 (s, 9H); 8.12 (d, IH); 8.70 (s, IH); 8.82 (d, IH); 9.90 (s, IH);
10.05 (br s, IH).
(4-Formyl-2-nitrophenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
(4-Foπnylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (6.34 g, 32.8 mmol) was disolved in concentrated sulphuric acid (150 mL) cooled to 0 °C using an ice bath. Sodium nitrate (2.92 g, 34.4 mmol) was added in small portions over 20 minutes. After complete addition the mixture was stirred 3 hours at 0 °C and then poured onto chrushed ice. The yellow precipitate was filtered off, washed thoroughly with water and dried in vacuo to give 7.1 lg (91%) of the title compound. LC/MS (m/z) 238.5 (M+); RT - 2.62. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.40 (t, 3H); 4.32 (q, 2H); 8.15 (d, IH); 8.75 (s, IH); 8.85 (d, IH); 9.95 (s, IH); 10.15 (br s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.7, 63.0, 121.2, 128.9, 130.5, 131.7, 135.6, 140.7, 153.0, 189.2.
The following intermediate was prepared analogously:
(4-Acetyl-2-nitrophenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 252.8 (M+); RT = 2.69. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.40 (t, 3H); 2.65 (s, 3H); 4.35 (q, 2H); 8.22 (d, IH); 8.75 (d, IH); 8.85 (s, IH); 10.10 (br s, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.7, 26.7, 62.9, 120.8, 127.0, 131.4, 135.4, 135.6, 139.6, 153.3, 195.2.
(4'-Dimethylamino-5-formylbiphenyl-2-yl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (2-Bromo-4-formylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (0.50 g, 1.84 mmol), 4- dimethylamino-phenyl-boronic acid (0.90 g, 5.52 mmol) and palladium(II)acetate (0.040 g, 0.18 mmol) was suspended in acetone (15 mL) and 5 M potassium carbonate (2 mL, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 125 °C for 10 minutes in a microwave oven. After cooling to ambient temperaure, the mixture was filtered, concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography using silica gel on a Flashmaster system eluting with heptane/ethyl acetate (linear gradient from 1 :0 to 3:1). Fractions containing the product were pooled and evaporation in vacuo gave the title compound as a yellow solid (260 mg, 45%).
1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.25 (t, 3H); 3.05 (s, 6H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 6.82 (d, 2H); 7.10 (br s, IH); 7.21 (d, 2H); 7.70 (s, IH); 7.82 (d, IH); 8.40 (d, IH); 9.95 (s, IH).
The following intermediate was prepared analogously:
(4'-Chloro-5-formylbiphenyl-2-yl)carbamic acid ethyl ester
1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.28 (t, 3H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 6.78 (br s, IH); 7.30 (d, 2H); 7.50 (d, 2H); 7.70 (s, IH); 7.88 (d, IH); 8.45 (d, IH); 9.95 (s, IH). {4-[(4-tert-Butylphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester (4-Bromomethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester (0.5 g, 1.65 mmol), 4-tert- butyl-aniline (0.28 g, 1.8 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.35 g, 2.5 mmol) were mixed in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) and heated to reflux temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Purified by chromatography using silica gel on a Flashmaster system eluting with heptane/ethyl acetate (linear gradient from 1:0 to 5:1). Fractions containing the product were pooled and evaporated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a yellow solid (400 mg, 65%). LC/MS (m/z) 372.2 (MH+); RT = 3.58, UV purity = 97.9, ELS purity = 98.1.
The following intermediates were prepared analogously: (2-Nitro-4-phenylaminomethyphenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 315.0 (M+); RT = 3.12, UV purity = 92.1, ELS purity = 95.0.
{2-Nitro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 383.1 (MH+); RT = 3.62, UV purity = 86.0, ELS purity = 98.2.
{4-f(4-Chlorophenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 349.1 (M+); RT = 3.58, UV purity = 96.0, ELS purity = 98.7.
[4-(Naphthalen-2-ylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 366.3 (MH+); RT = 3.62, UV purity = 87.9, ELS purity = 92.3.
[2-Nitro-4-(p-tolylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 330.1 (MH+); RT = 2.87, UV purity = 97.1, ELS purity = 98.4.
{4-[(3-Fluorophenylarnino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 332.0 (M4); RT = 3.33, UV purity = 84.8, ELS purity = 96.1.
{4-[(4-Fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 332.0 (M+); RT = 3.10, UV purity = 98.2, ELS purity = 98.8. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.33 (t, 3H); 4.00 (br s, IH, NH); 4.28 (q, 2H); 4.33 (s, 2H); 6.52 (m, 2H); 6.88 (m, 2H); 7.65 (m, IH); 8.20 (s, IH); 8.55 (m, IH); 9.78 (s, IH, NH).
{4-[(2-Fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 333.8 (MH+); RT = 3.41, UV purity = 93.8, ELS purity = 96.1.
[4-(Biphenyl-4-ylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 392.3 (M∑L); RT = 3.74, UV purity = 87.0, ELS purity = 94.5.
{4-[(2,4-Difluorophenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 351.3 (M+); RT = 3.45, UV purity = 96.1, ELS purity = 97.2.
{4-[(4-Methoxyphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 346.1 (MH+); RT = 2.16, UV purity = 87.3, ELS purity = 96.9.
{4-[(4-Cyclohexylphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 397.2 (M+); RT = 3.87, UV purity = 95.8, ELS purity = 98.6.
[4-(Indan-5-ylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 355.2 (M+); RT = 2.97, UV purity = 97.1, ELS purity = 99.2.
{4-[(4-Isopropylphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 358.1 (MH+); RT = 3.33, UV purity = 98.1, ELS purity = 99.3.
{4-[(4-Butylphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 371.8 (M+); RT = 3.10, UV purity = 92.3, ELS purity = 94.1.
{4-[2-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester A solution of (4-formyl-2-nitrophenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (1.40 g, 5.88 mmol) and 4-chloro-3-fluoroaniline (0.86 g, 5.88 mmol) in dry toluene (30 mL) was refluxed for 12 hours, and the toluene was removed in vacuo. The solids were then redissolved in ethanol (30 mL) and acetic acid (3 mL) and treated with sodium cyanoborohydride (1.50 g, 23.8 mmol). After stirring for 1 hour at ambient temperature the mixture was treated with a second batch of sodium borohydride (1.50 g, 23.8 mmol) and stirred for 3 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueos sodium hydrogencarbonate (50 mL) and the precipitate filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellow solid (1.84 g, 85%).
LC/MS (m/z) 367.1 (M+); RT = 3.70, UV purity = 94.2, ELS purity = 97.7. Η NMR (CDC13): 1.38 (t, 3H); 4.15 (q, 2H); 4.28 (d, 2H); 4.65 (br, IH); 6.28 (m, 2H); 7.05 (m, IH); 7.55 (d, IH); 8.10 (s, IH); 8.50 (d, IH); 9.70 (s, IH).
The following intermediates were prepared analogously:
{4-[(2,4-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.40 (d, 2H); 4.82 (br t, IH); 6.45 (d, IH); 7.02 (d, IH); 7.22 (m, IH); 7.60 (d, IH); 8.15 (m, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.75 (br s, IH).
{4-[(2,3-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.33 (t, 3H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.45 (d, 2H); 5.00 (br t, IH); 6.40 (d, IH); 6.80 (d, IH); 6.98 (m, IH); 7.60 (m, IH); 8.17 (m, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.70 (br s, IH).
{4-[(3,5-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]~2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.20-4.40 (br m, 5H); 6.45 (s, 2H); 6.70 (m, IH); 7.60 (d, IH); 8.15 (m, IH); 8.58 (d, IH); 9.80 (br s, IH).
{4-[(3,4-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.33 (t, 3H); 4.22-4.40 (m, 5H); 6.42 (dd, IH); 6.65 (d, IH); 7.20 (d, IH); 7.58 (d, IH); 8.15 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.80 (br s, IH).
{2-Nitro-4-[(3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.27 (q, 2H); 4.40 (br m, 3H); 6.70 (d, IH); 6.82 (br s, IH); 6.98 (d, IH); 7.22 (m, IH); 7.62 (d, IH); 8.20 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.75 (br s, IH). {4-[(3-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 401.5 (M+); RT = 3.74, UV purity = 92.1, ELS purity = 98.5. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.28 (t, 3H); 4.15 (q, 2H); 4.25 (d, 2H); 4.60 (br, IH); 6.18-6.28 (br m, 2H); 7.32 (m, IH); 7.50 (d, IH); 8.05 (s, IH); 8.45 (d, IH); 9.70 (s, IH).
{4-[(3,4-Difluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 351.1 (M+); RT = 3.53, UV purity = 84.5, ELS purity = 98.2. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 4.20 (br, IH); 4.28 (q, 2H); 4.35 (s, 2H); 6.22 (m, IH); 6.40 (m, IH); 6.95 (m, IH); 7.60 (d, IH); 8.20 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.75 (s, IH).
{4-[(4-Cyanophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 340.5 (M ); RT = 3.20, UV purity = 85.6, ELS purity = 93.1. XH NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.05 (br, IH); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.40 (s, 2H); 6.60 (d, 2H); 7.40 (d, 2H); 7.55 (d, IH); 8.15 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.77 (s, IH).
{4-[(4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)rnethyl]-2-nitrophenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m z) 401.0 (M+); RT = 3.74, UV purity = 92.7, ELS purity = 99.6. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.35 (s, 2H); 6.65 (m, IH); 6.75 (m, IH); 7.00 (m, IH); 7.60 (d, IH); 8.15 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.80 (s, IH).
{4-[(3-Chloro-4-methylphenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 364.1 (M+); RT = 3.87, UV purity = 95.4, ELS purity = 99.2.
{4-[(3-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 351.2 (M ); RT = 3.58, UV purity = 92.3, ELS purity = 98.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.18-4.30 (m, 3H); 4.38 (s, 2H); 6.45 (d, IH); 6.55 (s, IH); 6.70 (d, IH); 7.05 (m, IH); 7.65 (d, IH); 8.20 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.80 (br s, IH).
[2-Nitro-4-(m-tolylaminomethyl)phenyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 330.1 (M+); RT = 3.20, UV purity = 96.6, ELS purity = 98.2. 1H NMR
(CDCI3): 1-35 (t, 3H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 4.10 (m, IH); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.38 (m, 2H); 6.40 (d, IH); 6.45 (s, IH); 6.60 (d, IH); 7.05 (m, IH); 7.65 (d, IH); 8.20 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.80 (br s, IH).
{4-[l-(4-Chlorophenylamino)ethyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 363.2 (M+); RT = 3.68, UV purity = 93.6, ELS purity = 98.0. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.35 (t, 3H); 1.55 (d, 3H); 4.10 (s, IH); 4.22 (q, 2H); 4.45 (q, IH); 6.38 (d, 2H); 7.05 (d, 2H); 7.60 (d, IH); 8.15 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.72 (s, IH).
{2-Nitro-4-[l-(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)elhyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 397.6 (M+); RT - 3.73, UV purity = 97.7, ELS purity = 99.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 1.50 (d, 3H); 4.10 (q, 2H); 4.35 (d, IH); 4.50 (m, IH); 6.15 (d, 2H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 7.50 (d, IH); 8.15 (s, IH); 8.55 (d, IH); 9.72 (s, IH).
N-{4-[(3-Fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-nitrophenylj-2,2-dimethylpropionamide 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (s, 9H); 4.30 (br m, IH); 4.40 (d, 2H); 6.25 (d, IH); 6.35 (d, IH); 6.42 (br m, IH); 7.08 (m, IH); 7.65 (d, IH); 8.20 (s, IH); 8.80 (d, IH); 10.70 (br s, IH).
Compounds of the invention
Example 1 la {2-Amirιo-4-[(4-tert-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester {4-[(4-tert-Butylphenylamino)-methyl]-2-nitrophenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester (400 mg, 1.08 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and heated to 40 °C. Sodiumdithionite (1.13 g, 6.5 mmol) dissolved in water (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 40 °C until all starting material was consumed as judged by TLC. After cooling to ambient temperature brine (10 mL) is added and the mixture extracted with tetrahydrofuran (2x15 mL). The combined organic phases are dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Purified by cliromatography using silica gel on a Flashmaster system eluting with heptane/ethyl acetate (linear gradient from 1:0 to 4:1). Fractions containing the product were pooled and evaporated in vacuo to yield the title compound as an off-white solid (230 mg, 62 %). LC/MS (m/z) 341.1 (M+); RT = 2.12, UV purity = 97.8, ELS purity = 99.1. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.27 (s, 9H); 1.32 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br, 2H, NH2; 3.80 (br s, 1H, NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.22 (br s, IH, NH); 6.55 (d, 2H); 6.80 (m, 2H); 7.20 (br m, 3H).
The following compounds were prepared analogously: lb (2-Amino-4-pherιylaminomethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m z) 285.1 (M+); RT = 1.46, UV purity = 98.2, ELS purity = 99.5. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H, NH2); 3.95 (br s, IH, NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.25 (br s, 1H, NH); 6.60 (d, 2H); 6.72 (t, IH); 6.82 (m, 2H); 7.15 (t, 2H); 7.22 (br m, IH).
lc [2- Amino-4-(naphthalen-2-ylaminomethyl) -phenyl] -carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m z) 336.2 (MH+); RT = 2.20, UV purity = 98.2, ELS purity = 99.4. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.31 (t, 3H); 3.80 (br, 3H, NH2+NH); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.35 (s, 2H); 6.25 (br s, IH, NH); 6.82 (m, 3H); 6.92 (m, IH); 7.18 (m, IH); 7.22 (br m, IH); 7.35 (m, lH); 7.65 (br m, 3H).
Id [2-Amino-4-(p-tolylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 298.1 (M+); RT = 1.50, UV purity = 98.3, ELS purity = 98.4. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.22 (s, 3H); 3.78 (br, 3H, NH2+NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.25 (br s, IH, NH); 6.55 (d, 2H); 6.80 (m, 2H); 6.98 (d, 2H); 7.21 (brm, IH).
le {2-Amino-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 353.1 (M+); RT = 2.58, UV purity = 97.9, ELS purity = 99.2. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.76 (br s, 2H, NH2); 4.23 (br m, 4H); 4.40 (br s, IH, NH); 6.28 (br s, IH, NH); 6.60 (d, 2H); 6.75 (m, 2H); 7.20 (br m, IH); 7.40 (d, 2H).
lf{2-Amino-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m z) 319.0 (MH+); RT = 2.24, UV purity = 98.9, ELS purity = 98.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.31 (t, 3H); 3.76 (br s, 2H, NH2); 4.00 (br s, IH, NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.23 (br s, IH, NH); 6.52 (d, 2H); 6.76 (m, 2H); 7.10 (d, 2H); 7.22 (br m, IH). lg {2-Amino-4-[(3-fluoropherιylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 303.1 (M+); RT = 2.08, UV purity = 98.5, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.32 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H, NH2); 4.15 (br s, IH, NH); 4.24 (br m, 4H); 6.20 (br s, IH, NH); 6.30 (m, IH); 6.38 (m, 2H); 6.78 (m, 2H); 7.08 (m, IH); 7.22 (br m, IH).
lh {2-Amino-4-[(4-fluoropherιylamino) -methyl] -phenyl} -carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 304.2 (M+); RT = 1.58, UV purity = 96.1, ELS purity = 98.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.32 (t, 3H); 3.82 (br s, 3H, NH+NH2); 4.18 (s, 2H); 4.23 (q, 2H); 6.25 (br s, IH, NH); 6.52 (m, 2H); 6.77 (m, 2H); 6.88 (m, 2H); 7.20 (br m, IH).
Ii {2-Amino-4-[(2-fluorophenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 303.0 (M+); RT = 2.16, UV purity = 99.5, ELS purity = 99.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H, NH2); 4.21 (q, 2H); 4.28 (s, 2H); 4.38 (br s, IH, NH); 6.30 (br s, IH, NH); 6.63 (m, 2H); 6.70 (m, 2H); 6.95 (m, 2H); 7.20 (br m, IH).
Ij [2-Amino-4-(biphenyl-4-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 361.2 (M+); RT = 2.45, UV purity = 97.0, ELS purity = 98.3. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.32 (t, 3H); 3.90 (br s, 3H, NH+NH2); 4.21 (q, 2H); 4.30 (s, 2H); 6.25 (br s, IH, NH); 6.70 (m, 2H); 6.82 (m, 2H); 7.25 (m, 2H); 7.37 (m, 2H); 7.44 m, 2H); 7.55 (m, 2H).
Ik {2-Amino-4- [(2, 4-difluorophenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 320.1 (M+); RT = 2.24, UV purity = 95.9, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.31 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H, NH2); 4.12 (br s, IH, NH); 4.23 (br m, 4H); 6.27 (br s, IH, NH); 6.55 (m, IH); 6.70 (m, IH); 6.78 (m, 3H); 7.22 (br m, IH).
11 {2-Amino-4-[(4-methoxyphenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 314.9 (M+); RT = 1.29, UV purity = 95.6, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.31 (t, 3H); 3.72 (br m, 6H, OCH3+NH+NH2); 4.18 (s, 2H); 4.24 (q, 2H); 6.30 (br s, IH, NH); 6.60 (d, 2H); 6.78 (br m, 4H); 7.21 (br m, IH). lm {2-Amino-4-[(4-cyclohexylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 366.9 (MH+); RT = 2.45, UV purity = 96.2, ELS purity = 99.5. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.30 (br m, 9H); 1.82 (m, 4H); 2.40 (m, IH); 3.78 (br, 3H, NH2+NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.25 (br s, IH, NH); 6.57 (d, IH); 6.62 (d, IH); 6.80 (m, 2H); 7.02 (m, 2H); 7.20 (br m, IH).
In [2-Amino-4-(indan-5-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 325.2 (MH+); RT = 1.75, UV purity = 96.1, ELS purity = 98.4. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.02 (m, 2H); 2.80 (m, 4H); 3.75 (br, 3H, NH2+NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.27 (br s, IH, NH); 6.42 (d, IH); 6.55 (s, IH); 6.80 (m, 2H); 7.00 (d, lH); 7.21 (br m, IH).
lo {2-Amino-4-[(4-isopropylphenylamino)-nιethyl]-phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 326.2 (MH+); RT = 1.91, UV purity = 95.2, ELS purity = 98.5. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.20 (d, 6H), 1.32 (t, 3H); 2.80 (m, IH); 3.75 (br, 3H, NH2+NH); 4.22 (br m, 4H); 6.25 (br s, IH, NH); 6.57 (d, 2H); 6.81 (m, 2H); 7.05 (d, 2H); 7.20 (br m, IH).
lp {2-Amino-4-[(4-butylphenylamino) -methyl] -phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 340.2 (M ); RT = 2.16, UV purity = 97.2, ELS purity = 99.5. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 0.90 (t, 3H); 1.32 (m, 5H); 1.55 (m, 2H); 2.52 (t, 2H); 3.72 (br, 2H, NH2); 3.88 (br, IH, NH); 4.21 (br m, 4H); 6.22 (br s, IH, NH); 6.56 (d, 2H); 6.80 (m, 2H); 6.98 (d, 2H); 7.20 (br m, IH).
Example 2 lq {2-Amino-4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
A suspension of {4-[2-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-nitrophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester (1.80 g, 4.89 mmol), zinc (1.96 g, 29.4 mmol) and ammonium chloride (2.60, 48.9 mmol) was refluxed in methanol (50 mL) for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered off and purified by chromatography using silica gel on a Flashmaster system eluting with heptane/ethyl acetate (linear gradient from 1:0 to 5:1). Fractions containing the product were pooled and evaporation in vacuo gave the title compound as an off-white solid (1.27 g, 77%).
LC/MS (m/z) 337.3 (M+); RT = 2.58, UV purity = 95.7, ELS purity = 98.3. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.80 (br, 2H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 4.35 (br m, 3H); 6.35 (br m, 3H); 6.75 (m, 2H); 7.10 (m, IH); 7.22 (m, IH).
The following compounds were prepared analogously:
lr {2-Amino-4-[(2,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m z) 355.1 (M+); RT = 2.83, UV purity = 99.5, ELS purity = 99.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.31 (t, 3H); 3.77 (br s, 2H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 4.28 (br m, 2H); 4.68 (br t, IH); 6.27 (br s, IH); 6.50 (d, IH); 6.75 (m, 2H); 7.05 (d, IH); 7.22 (br m, 2H).
Is {2-Amino-4-[(2,3-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]pherιyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 355.0 (M+); RT = 2.79, UV purity = 95.9, ELS purity = 99.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 4.30 (br m, 2H); 4.85 (br m, IH); 6.30 (br s, IH); 6.48 (d, IH); 6.72-6.80 (m, 3H); 7.05 (m, IH); 7.22 (br d, IH).
It {2-Amino-4-[(3,5-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 354.9 (M+); RT = 2.85, UV purity = 98.5, ELS purity = 99.4. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.78 (br s, 2H); 4.15 (m, 2H); 4.25 (br m, 3H); 6.30 (br s, IH); 6.45 (s, 2H); 6.65 (s, IH); 6.75 (m, 2H); 7.22 (br d, IH).
lu {2-Amino-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 354.0 (M+); RT = 2.66, UV purity = 94.5, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H); 4.15 (br m, 3H); 4.22 (q, 2H); 6.27 (br s, IH); 6.45 (d, IH); 6.65 (s, IH); 6.75 (m, 2H); 7.12 (d, IH); 7.20 (br d, IH).
Iv {2-Amino-4-[(3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 353.1 (M1"); RT = 2.66, UV purity = 98.8, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br s, 2H); 4.18-4.28 (br m, 5H); 6.32 (br s, IH); 6.70-6.80 (br m, 3H); 6.82 (s, IH); 6.90 (d, IH); 7.20 (br m, 2H). lx {2-Amino-4-[(3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m z) 371.1 (M+); RT = 2.74, UV purity = 95.2, ELS purity = 99.5. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.70 (br, 2H); 4.10 (m, 4H); 4.50 (br, IH); 6.30 (br m, 3H); 6.60 (m, 2H); 7.20 (m, 2H).
ly {2-Amino-4-[(3,4-difluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 321.1 (M+); RT = 2.24, UV purity = 95.3, ELS purity = 98.0. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.80 (br, 3H); 4.15 (s, 2H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 6.22 (m, IH); 6.40 (br s, IH); 6.45 (m, IH); 6.72 (m, 2H); 6.90 (m, IH); 7.20 (d, IH).
lz {2-Amino-4-[(4-cyanophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 310.0 (M+); RT = 2.04, UV purity = 97.8, ELS purity = 99.3. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br, 2H); 4.20 (m, 4H); 4.65 (br, IH); 6.35 (br, IH); 6.55 (d, 2H); 6.72 (d, 2H); 7.20 (m, IH); 7.50 (m, 2H).
laa{2-Amino-4-[(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 371.2 (M+); RT = 2.70, UV purity = 98.0, ELS purity = 98.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.90 (br, 3H); 4.15 (s, 2H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 6.40 (br s, IH); 6.60 (m, IH); 6.75 (m, 3H); 6.95 (m, IH); 7.20 (d, IH).
lba {2-Amino-4-[(3-chloro-4-methylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 334.0 (M+); RT = 2.49, UV purity = 97.0, ELS purity = 99.6. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.20 (s, 3H); 3.75 (br, 3H); 4.15 (s, 2H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 6.30 (br, IH); 6.40 (d, IH); 6.65 (s, IH); 6.72 (d, 2H); 6.98 (d, IH); 7.20 (d, IH).
lea {2-Amino-4-[(3-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 320.0 (ML); RT = 2.33, UV purity = 97.5, ELS purity = 99.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 3.75 (br, 3H); 4.15 (s, 2H); 4.20 (q, 2H); 6.40-6.50 (br, 2H); 6.55 (s, IH); 6.65-6.80 (br, 3H); 7.00 (m, IH); 7.18 (d, IH). Ida [2-Amino-4-(m-tolylaminomethyl)phenyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 298.1 (M+); RT = 1.66, UV purity = 95.0, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.22 (s, 3H); 3.75 (br, 3H); 4.20 (m, 4H); 6.40 (br, 3H); 6.50 (d, IH); 6.72 (br, 2H); 7.00 (m, IH); 7.15 (d, IH).
lea {2-Arnino-4-[l-(4-chlorophenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 333.5 (M+); RT = 2.37, UV purity = 98.1, ELS purity = 99.4. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 1.45 (d, 3H); 3.70 (br, 2H); 3.95 (br, IH); 4.20 (q, 2H); 4.40 (q, IH); 6.25 (br, IH); 6.40 (d, 2H); 6.75 (m, 2H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 7.20 (d, IH).
Ifa {2-Amino-4-[l-(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 368.2 (M+); RT = 2.70, UV purity = 99.8, ELS purity = 97.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.20 (t, 3H); 1.40 (d, 3H); 4.05 (q, 2H); 4.30 (q, IH); 4.80 (br, 2H); 6.55 (br, 3H); 6.63 (s, IH); 6.80 (d, IH); 7.10 (d, IH); 7.30 (d, 2H); 8.45 (br, IH).
lcbN-{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}-2,2-dimethylpropionamide LC/MS (m/z) 316.5 (MH+); RT = 2.15, UV purity = 94.6, ELS purity = 99.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (s, 9H); 3.80 (br s, 2H); 4.15 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 2H); 6.28 (d, IH); 6.40 (m, 2H); 6.78 (m, 2H); 7.08 (m, IH); 7.15 (d, IH); 7.30 (br s, IH).
Example 3
lga {4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester A solution of (4-formylphenyl)carbamic acid ethyl ester (0.50 g, 2.59 mmol) and 4- chloroaniline (0.43 g, 3.36 mmol) in dry ethanol (10 mL) was refluxed for 12 hours, cooled on an ice bath and the precipitated imine filtered off. It was washed once with cold water and suspended in methanol (10 mL) and acetic acid (1 mL). Sodium cyanoborohydride (0.42 g, 6.75 mmol) was added and the mixture stined 1 hour at ambient temperature. A second portion of sodium cyanoborohydride (0.42 g, 6.75 mmol) was added and the mixture stined 3 hours at ambient temperature. A saturated solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate (50 mL) was added and the precipitate filtered off and washed twice with water. Purified by chromatography using silica gel on a Flashmaster system eluting with heptane/ethyl acetate (linear gradient from 1:0 to 5:1). Fractions containing the product were pooled and evaporation in vacuo gave the title compound as a white solid (0.50 g, 73%).
LC/MS (m/z) 305.8 (M∑L); RT = 2.95, UV purity = 97.2, ELS purity = 99.5. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1-35 (t, 3H); 4.05 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.60 (br m, 3H); 7.15 (d, 2H); 7.35 (br m, 4H). 13C NMR (CDC13): 15.0, 48.3, 61.7, 114.3, 119.3, 122.5, 128.6, 129.5, 134.2, 137.6, 147.0, 154.0.
lha {4-[(4-Trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 339.4 (MH+); RT = 3.45, UV purity = 97.2, ELS purity = 98.3. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.35 (br m, 3H); 6.55 (br s, IH); 6.65 (d, 2H); 7.30-7.45 (br m, 6H). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.9, 47.7, 61.7, 112.4, 119.4, 122.5, 127.0, 128.5, 134.2, 137.6, 150.8, 154.0.
Ha {4-[l-(4-Chlorophenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 318.1 (M+); RT = 3.03, UV purity = 97.5, ELS purity = 98.1. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.28 (t, 3H); 1.47 (d, 3H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4.20 (q, 2H); 4.40 (q, IH); 6.40 (d, 2H); 6.55 (br, IH); 7.00 (d, 2H); 7.20 (d, 2H); 7.33 (d, 2H).
Ija {4-[(4-Fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 302.1 (M+); RT = 2.20, UV purity = 95.0, ELS purity = 97.3. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 4.0 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.35 (br s, IH); 6.55 (br m, 2H); 6.87 (br m, 2H); 7.17 (br m, 2H); 7.75 (br d, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.6, 17.7, 48.6, 61.3, 113.8, 115.6, 126.1, 129.6, 135.1, 144.3, 156.9.
lka {4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 318.1 (M+); RT = 3.12, UV purity = 98.6, ELS purity = 99.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 4.10 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.35 (br s, IH); 6.55 (d, 2H); 7.15 (br m, 4H); 7.75 (br d, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.6, 17.7, 48.1, 61.3, 114.1, 122.3, 126.0, 129.1, 129.5, 134.3, 135.2, 146.4, 153.9.
Ha {2-Methyl-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 352.5 (M+); RT = 3.45, UV purity = 96.7, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 4.40 (br s, IH); 6.35 (br s, 1H); 6.62 (d, 2H); 7.15 (br m, 2H); 7.45 (d, 2H); 7.75 (br d, IH). 13C NMR (CDC13): 14.6, 17.7, 47.5, 61.4, 112.1, 123.9, 126.0, 126.6, 129.5, 135.3, 150.3, 153.9.
Ima {4-[(3,4-Difluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 320.2 (M+); RT = 3.12, UV purity = 95.6, ELS purity = 99.1. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 4.00 (br s, IH); 4.20 (br m, 4H); 6.20-6.35 (br m, 3H); 6.95 (m, IH); 7.15 (br m, 2H); 7.75 (br d, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.6, 17.7, 48.3, 61.4, 101.5, 108.1, 117.4, 121.4, 126.0, 129.5, 129.9, 134.1, 135.3, 142.1, 144.9, 149.9, 153.9.
lna {4-[(3-Fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 302.4 (M+); RT = 3.08, UV purity = 96.7, ELS purity = 98.0. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.30 (t, 3H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 4.25 (br m, 5H); 6.35 (br m, 4H); 7.00-7.20 (br m, 3H); 7.75 (br d, IH). 13C NMR (CDCI3): 14.6, 17.7, 47.8, 61.3, 99.6, 104.1, 108.8, 121.4, 126.1, 129.6, 130.2, 130.3, 134.3, 135.2, 149.7, 153.9, 163.1, 165.0.
loa {2-Chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 339.1 (M+); RT = 3.58, UV purity = 98.3, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.10 (br, IH); 4.30 (br, 4H); 6.55 (d, 2H); 7.10 (br m, 3H); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.40 (s, IH); 8.15 (d, IH).
lpa {2-Chloro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 372.3 (M+); RT = 3.74, UV purity = 96.5, ELS purity = 99.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.25 (q, 2H); 4.35 (s, 2H); 4.45 (br, IH); 6.65 (d, 2H); 7.10 (br, IH); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.35 (s, IH); 7.45 (d, 2H); 8.20 (d, IH).
lqa {2-Chloro-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m z) 323.1 (M1"); RT = 2.91, UV purity = 99.7, ELS purity = 96.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.32 (t, 3H); 4.10 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.55 (m, 2H); 6.88 ( , 2H); 7.10 (br s, IH); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.47 (s, IH); 8.15 (d, IH). Ira {2-Chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 322.6 (M+); RT = 3.37, UV purity = 99.9, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.33 (t, 3H); 4.00 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.28 (d, IH); 6.40 (m, 2H); 7.08 (m, 2H); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.37 (s, IH); 8.15 (d, IH).
Isa {2-Chloro-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 374.0 (Wt); RT = 3.78, UV purity = 99.9, ELS purity = 97.6. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.35 (t, 3H); 4.15 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.45 (d, IH); 6.70 (s, IH); 7.10 (br s, IH); 7.15 (d, IH); 7.20 (d, IH); 7.35 (s, IH); 8.15 (d, IH).
Ita {2-Chloro-4-[(4-chloro-3fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 358.0 (M+); RT = 3.62, UV purity = 99.9, ELS purity = 96.4. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.32 (t, 3H); 4.15 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.35 (m, 2H); 7.10 (m, 2H); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.35 (s, IH); 8.15 (d, IH).
lua {4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 323.1 (M+); RT = 3.24, UV purity = 99.9, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.32 (t, 3H); 4.15 (br s, IH); 4.23 (br m, 4H); 6.50 (m, 2H); 6.78 (br s, IH); 7.10 (m, 4H); 8.05 (br m, IH).
Iva {4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 340.6 (M+); RT = 3.37, UV purity = 96.8, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.32 (t, 3H); 4.10 (br s, IH); 4.25 (br m, 4H); 6.35 (m, 2H); 6.75 (br s, IH); 7.10 (m, 3H); 8.07 (br m, IH).
Ixa {2-Fluoro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 356.2 (M*); RT = 3.45, UV purity = 97.1, ELS purity = 97.8. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.32 (t, 3H); 4.22 (q, 2H); 4.32 (s, 2H); 4.40 (s, IH); 6.60 (d, 2H); 6.78 (br s, IH); 7.08 ( , 2H); 7.40 (d, 2H); 8.05 (br m, IH). lya {4 '-Dimethylamino-5-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 408.0 (M+); RT = 2.49, UV purity = 97.9, ELS purity = 99.7. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.25 (t, 3H); 3.00 (s, 6H); 4.10 (br m, IH); 4.17 (q, 2H); 4.28 (br s, 2H); 6.30 (d, IH); 6.38 (m, 2H); 6.75 (br s, IH); 6.83 (d, 2H); 7.08 (m, IH); 7.17 (s, IH); 7.22 (m, 2H); 7.30 (d, IH); 8.10 (br m, IH).
Iza {4'-Dimethylamino-5-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}- carbamic acid ethyl ester LC/MS (m/z) 458.0 (M+); RT = 3.09, UV purity = 97.2, ELS purity = 99.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.25 (t, 3H); 3.00 (s, 6H); 4.10 (br m, IH); 4.17 (q, 2H); 4.28 (br s, 2H); 6.38 (m, 2H); 6.62 (d, 2H); 6.75 (br s, IH); 6.83 (d, 2H); 7.17 (s, IH); 7.30 (d, IH); 7.40 (d, 2H); 8.10 (br m, IH).
lab {4'-Chloro-5-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 397.4 (M+); RT = 4.22, UV purity = 97.3, ELS purity = 98.7. 1H NMR
(CDCI3): 1.25 (t, 3H); 3.90 (br m, IH); 4.15 (q, 2H); 4.35 (br s, 2H); 6.30 (d, IH);
6.36 (m, 2H); 6.50 (br s, IH); 7.05 (m, IH); 7.20 (s, IH); 7.22 (s, IH); 7.30 (d, IH); 7.40 (d, IH); 7.50 (d, 2H); 8.10 (br m, IH).
lbb {4'-Chloro-5-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester
LC/MS (m/z) 449.2 (M+); RT = 4.09, UV purity = 97.7, ELS purity = 91.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.27 (t, 3H); 3.95 (br m, IH); 4.15 (q, 2H); 4.35 (br m, 2H); 6.47 (br s, IH); 6.62 (d, 2H); 7.15 (s, IH); 7.28 (d, 2H); 7.35 (d, IH); 7.40 (d, 2H); 7.48 (d, 2H); 8.10 (br m, IH).
Idb N-{4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 303.3 Qs/ ); RT = 2.73, UV purity = 96.6, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H); 2.32 (t, 2H); 4.19 (br s, IH); 4.25 (s, 2H); 6.55 (d, 2H); 7.05 (br s, sH); 7.10 (d, 2H); 7.30 (d, 2H); 7.50 (d, 2H). leb N-{4-[(3,4-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 337.6 (M+); RT = 3.22, UV purity = 96.0, ELS purity = 99.6. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.77 (m, 2H); 2.32 (t, 2H); 4.10 (br s, IH); 4.25 (s, 2H); 6.45 (d, IH); 6.70 (s, IH); 7.10 (br s, IH); 7.15 (d, IH); 7.30 (d, 2H); 7.50 (d, 2H).
Ifb N-{4-[(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m z) 320.9 (M+); RT = 3.08, UV purity = 96.9, ELS purity = 99.6. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.03 (t, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H); 2.32 (t, 2H); 4.15 (br s, IH); 4.22 (s, 2H); 6.32 (m, IH); 6.40 (m, IH); 7.10 (m, 2H); 7.30 (d, 2H); 7.55 (d, 2H).
lgb N-{4[(4-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 300.6 (M+); RT = 1.89, UV purity = 99.5, ELS purity = 99.9. !H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 2.22 (s, 3H); 2.38 (t, 2H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4.20 (s, 2H); 6.55 (m, 2H); 6.90 (br m, 3H); 7.18 (m, 2H); 7.80 (d, IH).
llib N-{4[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 300.5 (M+); RT = 2.79, UV purity = 99.5, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 2.22 (s, 3H); 2.38 (t, 2H); 4.15 (br, IH); 4.23 (s, 2H); 6.28 (m, IH); 6.40 (m, 2H); 6.95 (br s, IH); 7.10 (m, IH); 7.18 (m, 2H); 7.80 (d, IH).
lib N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 317.2 (M+); RT = 2.72, UV purity = 99.4, ELS purity = 94.81H NMR (CDCI3): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4.23 (s, 2H); 6.55 (d, 2H); 6.90 (br s, IH); 7.10 (d, 2H); 7.18 (d, 2H); 7.78 (d, IH).
ljb N-{4-[(3,4-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyr amide LC/MS (m/z) 351.6 (M1"); RT = 3.28, UV purity = 98.4, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H); 2.23 (s, 3H); 2.38 (t, 2H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4,20 (s, 2H); 6.45 (d, IH); 6.70 (s, IH); 6.95 (br s, IH); 7.15 (m, 3H); 7.80 (d, IH). lkb N-{4-[(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 334.7 (M+); RT = 3.06, UV purity = 99.7, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 2.25 (s, 3H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4.22 (s, 2H); 6.30 (m, IH); 6.40 (m, IH); 6.90 (br s, IH); 7.10 (m, IH); 7.15 ( , 2H); 7.80 (d, IH).
lib N-{2-Chloro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC MS (m/z) 370.9 (M+); RT = 3.37, UV purity = 99.4, ELS purity = 99.2. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.32 (s, 2H); 4.45 (br, IH); 6.60 (d, 2H); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.38 (s, IH); 7.40 (d, 2H); 7.60 (br s, IH); 8.40 (d, IH).
Imb N-{2-Chloro-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 320.9 (M+); RT = 2.66, UV purity = 94.8, ELS purity = 99.2. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.10 (br, IH); 4.22 (s, 2H); 6.55 (m, 2H); 6.85 (m, 2H); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.40 (s, IH); 7.60 (br s, IH); 8.45 (d, IH).
lnb N-{2-Chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 321.0 (M+); RT = 3.03, UV purity = 99.01, ELS purity = 99.8. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.43 (t, 2H); 4.15 (br IH); 4.28 (s, 2H); 6.28 (m, IH); 6.40 (br m, 2H); 7.08 (m, IH); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.38 (s, IH); 7.55 (br s, IH); 8.48 (d, IH).
lob N-{2-Chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 337.8 (M+); RT = 3.11, UV purity = 99.4, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.10 (br, IH); 4.30 (s, 2H); 6.50 (d, 2H); 7.10 (d, 2H); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.38 (s, IH); 7.60 (br s, IH); 8.40 (d, IH).
lpb N-{2-Chloro-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 371.9 (M+); RT = 3.45, UV purity = 93.5, ELS purity = 95.7. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.12 (br, IH); 4.23 (s, 2H); 6.40 (m, IH); 6.65 (s, IH); 7.17 (d, IH); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.35 (s, IH); 7.60 (br s, IH); 8.38 (d, IH). lqb N-{2-Chloro-4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 355.24 (M+); RT = 3.34, UV purity = 98.1, ELS purity = 99.5. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.05 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.42 (t, 2H); 4.25 (s, 2H); 4.35 (br, IH); 6.35 (br , 2H); 7.10 (m, IH); 7.22 (d, IH); 7.35 (s, IH); 7.60 (br s, IH); 8.35 (d, IH).
Irb N-{2-Fluoro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 305.0 (M+); RT = 2.97, UV purity = 99.4, ELS purity = 99.6. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.15 (br, IH); 4.30 (s, 2H); 6.27 (d, IH); 6.40 (br m, 2H); 7.10 (br m, 3H); 7.30 (br s, IH); 8.30 (m, IH).
Isb N-{4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 320.0 (M+); RT = 2.94, UV purity = 99.4, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.80 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.15 (br, IH); 4.30 (s, 2H); 6.50 (d, 2H); 7.10 (br m, 4H); 7.30 (br s, IH); 8.30 (m, IH).
lib N-{2-Fluoro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 354.0 (M+); RT = 3.20, UV purity = 99.6, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDCI3): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.15 (br, IH); 4.35 (s, 2H); 6.60 (d, 2H); 7.10 (m, 2H); 7.30 (br s, IH); 7.40 (d, 2H); 8.30 (m, IH).
lub N-{4-[(3,4-Dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m z) 355.0 (M+); RT = 3.29, UV purity = 99.7, ELS purity = 99.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.78 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.20 (br, IH); 4.28 (s, 2H); 6.42 (d, IH); 6.65 (s, IH); 7.05 (m, 2H); 7.18 (d, IH); 7.30 (br s, IH); 8.30 (m, IH).
lvb N-{4-[(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}butyramide LC/MS (m/z) 339.0 (M+); RT = 3.14, UV purity = 99.4, ELS purity = 97.9. 1H NMR (CDC13): 1.00 (t, 3H); 1.75 (m, 2H); 2.40 (t, 2H); 4.00 (br, IH); 4.25 (s, 2H); 6.30 (br m, 2H); 7.05 (br m, 3H); 7.30 (br s, IH); 8.30 (m, IH). In vitro and in vivo testing
The compounds of the invention have been tested and shown effect in one or more of the below models:
Relative efflux through the CN 2 channel.
This exemplifies a KCNQ2 screening protocol for evaluating compounds of the present invention. The assay measures the relative efflux through the KCNQ2 channel, and was canied out according to a method described by Tang et al. (Tang, W. et. al., J. Biomol. Screen. 2001, 6, 325-331) for hERG potassium channels with the modifications described below.
An adequate number of CHO cells stably expressing voltage-gated KCNQ2 channels were plated at a density sufficient to yield a mono-confluent layer on the day of the experiment. Cells were seeded on the day before the experiment and loaded with 1 μCi/ml [S6Rb] over night. On the day of the experiment, cells were washed with a
HBSS-containing buffer. Cells were pre-incubated with drug for 30 min and the 86Rb+ efflux was stimulated by a submaximal concentration of 15 mM KC1 in the continued presence of drug for additional 30 min. After a suitable incubation period, the supernatant was removed and counted in a liquid scintillation counter (Tricarb). Cells were lysed with 2 mM NaOH and the amount of 86Rb+ was counted. The relative efflux was calculated ((CPMsuper/(CPMSuper+ CPMceιι))cmpd/ (CPMsuper/(CPMsuper+ CPMcell))15mMκcι)* 100-100.
The compounds of the invention have an EC50 of less than 20000nM, in most cases less than 2000nM and in many cases less than 200nM. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention are considered to be useful in the treatment of diseases associated with the KCNQ family potassium channels.
Electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings. Voltage-activated KCNQ2 currents were recorded from mammalian CHO cells by use of conventional patch-clamp recordings techniques in the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration (Hamill OP et.al. Pflύgers Arch 1981; 391: 85-100). CHO cells with stable expression of voltage-activated KCNQ2 channels were grown under normal cell culture conditions in CO2 incubators and used for electrophysiological recordings 1-7 days after plating. KCNQ2 potassium channels were activated by voltage steps up to + 80 mV in increments of 5-20 mV (or with a ramp protocol) from a membrane holding potential between - 100 mV and - 40 mV (Tatulian L et al. J Neuroscience 2001; 21 (15): 5535-5545). The electrophysiological effects induced by the compounds were evaluated on various parameters of the voltage-activated KCNQ2 cunent. Especially effects on the activation threshold for the current and on the maximum induced cunent were studied.
Some of the compounds of the invention have been tested in this test. A left- ward shift of the activation threshold or an increase in the maximum induced potassium cunent is expected to decrease the activity in neuronal networks and thus make the compounds useful in diseases with increased neuronal activity - like epilepsia.
Maximum electroshock
The test was conducted in groups of male mice using corneal electrodes and administering a square wave current of 26mA for 0.4seconds in order to induce a convulsion characterised by a tonic hind limb extension (Wlaz et al. Epilepsy Research 1998, 30, 219-229).
Pilocarpine induced seizures
Pilocarpine induced seizures are induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine 250mg/kg to groups of male mice and observing for seizure activity resulting in loss of posture within a period of 30 minutes (Stan et al. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1993, 45, 321-325)
Electrical seizure -threshold test
A modification of the up-and-down method (Kimball et a., Radiation Research 19575 1-12) was used to determine the median threshold to induce tonic hind-limb extension in response to comeal electroshock in groups of male mice. The first mouse of each group received an electroshock at 14 mA, (0.4 s, 50 Hz) and was observed for seizure activity. If a seizure was observed the cunent was reduced by 1mA for the next mouse, however, if no seizure was observed then the current was increased by 1mA. This procedure was repeated for all 15 mice in the treatment group.
Chemical seizure -threshold threshold test The tlireshold dose of pentylenetefrazole required to induce a clonic convulsion was measured by timed infusion of pentylenetefrazole (5mg/ml at 0.5 ml/min) into a lateral tail vein of groups of male mice (Nutt et al. J Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1986, 38, 697-698).
Amygdala kindling
Rats underwent surgery to implantation of tri-polar electrodes into the dorsolateral amygdala. After surgery the animals were allowed to recover before the groups of rats received either varying doses of test compound or the drug's vehicle. The animals were stimulated with their initial after discharge threshold + 25 μA daily for 3-5 weeks and on each occasion seizure severity, seizure duration, and duration of electrical after discharge were noted. (Racine. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1972, 32, 281-294).
Side effects Central nervous system side effects were measured by measuring the time mice would remain on rotarod apparatus (Capacio et al. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 1992, 15, 177-201); or by measuring their locomotor activity by counting the number of infrared beams crossed in a test cage ((Watson et al. Neuropharmacology 1997, 36, 1369- 1375). Hypothermic actions on the animals core body temperature of the compound were measured by either rectal probe or implanted radiotelemetry transmitters capable of measuring temperature (Keeney et al. Physiology and Behaviour 2001, 74, 177- 184.
Pharmacokineties
The pharmacokinetic properties of the compound were determined via. i.v. and p.o. dosing to Spraque Dawley rats, and, thereafter, drawing blood samples over 20 hours. Plasma concentrations were determined with LC/MS/MS.

Claims

Claims
1. A substituted aniline derivative of formula I
Figure imgf000086_0001
(I)
wherein
U is O, S or NR2
s is 0 or 1 ;
X is CO or SO2;
Z is O, S or NR4, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-Ci.6-alk(en/yn)yl and hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
q is 0 or 1 ;
R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C\.
6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl,
C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-Cι-6- alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy- C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and cyano; provided that when R2 is halogen or cyano, then s is 0;
when § is 1 and U is NR2' then R2' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6- alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-d- 6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl; or R2 and R2' together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one fiirther heteroatom;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-Ci. 6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3- -cycloalk(en)yl;
and
Y represents a group of formulae VI, VII, VIII, IX or XXX:
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000088_0002
Figure imgf000088_0003
XXX
wherein
the line represents a bond attaching the group represented by Y to the nitrogen atom;
W is O or S;
a is 0, 1,2 or 3;
b is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
cisOorl; dis 0, 1, 2 or 3; e is 0, 1 or 2;
f is O, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
h is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and
each Rs is independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-6- alk(en yn)yl, C3.8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-
Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, Ci-ό-all iVen/ynJyloxy, halogen, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, -CO-NR6R6', cyano, nitro, -NR7R7', -S-R8, -SO2R8 and SO2OR8, or two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms;
R and R6' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι_ 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C -8-cycloaUt(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar;
R7 and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar and acyl; and
R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, C -8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar and -NR9R9 ; wherein R and R9' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C\.
6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl; with the provisos that when R5 is SO2OR8 then R8 is not -NR9R9' and when R5 is SO2R8 , then R8 is not a hydrogen atom;
or salts thereof; with the proviso that the compound of formula I is not:
N-[4-[[(4-aminophenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N-[4-[[(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide; N-[4-[[(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
2-[[[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]methyl]amino]-5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)- benzamide;
N- [4- [ [(3 ,4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl] -acetamide; N-[4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2- naphthalenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N-[4-[[[3-(lH-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide;
N-[4-[[[2-(lH-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N-[4-[[(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; or
N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide.
2. A compound according to Claim 1, wherein R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl.
3. A compound according to Claim 2, wherein at least one of R1 and R1' is a hydrogen atom.
4. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-3, wherein s is 1.
5. A compound according to any one of Claims 1 -3, wherein s is 0.
6. A compound according to any one of Claims 4-5, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar and halogen, provided that when R is halogen, then s is 0.
7. A compound according to Claim 4, wherein U is NR2' and at least one of R and R2' is a hydrogen atom.
8. A compound according to Claim 7, wherein both R2 and R2 are hydrogen atoms.
9. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-8, wherein X is CO.
10. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-9, wherein q is 0.
11. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-9, wherein q is 1.
12. A compound according to Claim 11, wherein Z is an oxygen atom.
13. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-12, wherein R3 is C1-6- alk(en/yn)yl.
14. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-13 wherein Y represents a group of formulae IX or XXX.
15. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-14, wherein each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, cyano, halogen, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl and C1-6- alk(an/en/yn)yloxy or two adjacent substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms.
16. A compound according to any one of Claims 1-15, said compound being selected from the group consisting of:
{2-Amino-4-[(4-tert-butylphenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
(2-Amino-4-phenylaminomethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(naphthalen-2-ylaminomethyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester; [2-Amino-4-(p-tolylamino-methyl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)-methyl] -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)-methylJ -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)-methylJ -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Arnirw-4-[(2-fluorophenylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(biphenyl-4-ylaminomethyl) -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(2, 4-difluorophenylamino)-methylJ-phenylJ-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Arnino-4-[(4-methoxyphenylamino)-methylJ-phenyl}-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Arnino-4-[(4-cyclohex>lphenylamino)-methylJ -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
[2-Amino-4-(indan-5-ylaminomethyl) -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(4-isopropylphenylamino)-methylJ -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-butylphenylamino)-methylJ -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-f(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(2,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenylJcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(2,3-dichlorophenylamino)methylJphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(3,5-dichlorophenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methylJphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3,4-difluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amirιo-4-[(4-cyanophenylamino)rnethyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[(3-chloro-4-methylphenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Amino-4-[(3-chlorophenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; [2-Amino-4-(m-tolylaminomethyl)phenyl]carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[l-(4-chlorophenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Amino-4-[l-(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)ethyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
N-{2-Amino-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methylJphenylJ-2,2-dimethylpropionamide; {4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methylJphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester; {4-[(4-Trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[l-(4-Chlorophenylamino)ethyl]phenylJcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(4-Fluorophenylamirιo)methyl]-2-methylphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Methyl-4-[(4-irifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4- [(3, 4-Difluorophenylarnino)methylJ-2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(3-Fluorophenylamino)methylJ-2-methylphenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methylJphenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Chloro-4-[(4-trifluorornethyl-pherιylamino)-methylJ -phenylj-carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(4-fluorophenylamino)methylJ phenyl} carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{2-Chloro-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Chloro-4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4-[(4-Chlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4- l(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methylJ-2-fluorophenylJcarbamic acid ethyl ester; {2-Fluoro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4'-Dimethylamino-5-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-ylJcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4'-Dimethylamino-5-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-yl}carbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4'-Chloro-5-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-ylJcarbamic acid ethyl ester;
{4' -Chloro- 5 -[(4-trifluoromethylρhenylamino)methylJbiphenyl-2-ylJ carbamic acid ethyl ester;
N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenylJbutyramide; N-{4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenylJbutyramide;
N-{4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylarnino)methylJphenyljbutyramide;
N-{4[(4-fluoro-phenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljbutyramide;
N-{4[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljbutyramide; N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methylJ-2-methylphenylJbutyramide; N-{4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyljbutyramide; N-{4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}butyramide; N-{2-chloro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methylJphenylJbutyramide; N-{2-chloro-4-f(4-fluorophenylamino)methylJphenyl}butyr~amide; N-{2-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenylJbutyramide; N-{2-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenylJbutyramide; N-{2-chloro-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]phenyljbutyramide; N-{2-chloro-4~[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methyl]phenylJbutyramide; N-{2-fluoro-4-[(3-fluorophenylamino)methylJphenyl}butyramide; N-{4-[(4-chlorophenylamino)methylJ-2-fluorophenyljbutyramide; N-{2-fluoro-4-[(4-trifluoromethylphenylamino)methyl]phenyljbutyramide; N-{4-[(3,4-dichlorophenylamino)methyl]-2-fluorophenyl}butyramide; and N-{4-[(4-chloro-3-fluorophenylamino)methylJ-2-fluorophenylJbutyramide. or a salt thereof.
17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents and a compound of the below formula I
Figure imgf000094_0001
(I)
wherein
U is O, S or C s is O or 1;
X is CO or SO2;
Z is O, S or NR. , wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl and hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
q is O or 1;
R1 and R1' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C\. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1-6- alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy- C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and cyano; provided that when R2 is halogen or cyano then s is 0;
when s is 1 and U is NR2' then R2' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, C -8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloallc(en)yl-Cι-6- alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy- .. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl; or R2 and R2' together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one further heteroatom;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-Cj. 6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl; and
Y represents a group of formulae VI, VII, VIII, IX or XXX:
Figure imgf000096_0001
Figure imgf000096_0002
Figure imgf000096_0003
XXX
wherein
the line represents a bond attaching the group represented by Y to the nitrogen atom;
W is O or S;
a is 0, 1, 2 or 3; b is O, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
c is 0 or 1; d is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
e is 0, 1 or 2;
f is O, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
h is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and
each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-6- alk(en yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar-
Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, C1-6-alk(an/en/yn)yloxy, halogen, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, -CO-NR6R6', cyano, nitro, -NR7R7', -S-R8, -SO2R8 and SO2OR8, or two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms;
R6 and R6' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C\. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar;
R7 and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C\. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar and acyl; and
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar and -NR9R9 ; wherein R9 and R9' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C
6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl; with the provisos that when R5 is SO2OR8 then R8 is not -NR9R9' and when R5 is SO2R8 , then R8 is not a hydrogen atom; or salts thereof;
with the proviso that the compound of formula I is not: 2-[[[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]methyl]amino]-5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)- benzamide;
N-[4-[[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N-[4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydiO-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2- naphthalenyl)amino]methyljρhenyl]-acetamide; N- [4- [ [[3 -( 1 H-imidazol- 1 -ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl] - acetamide;
N-[4-[[[2-(lH-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-acetamide;
N-[4-[[[4-( IH-imidazol- 1 -ylmethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide;
N-[4-[[(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)ammo]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide;
N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide; or N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]- acetamide.
18. Use of a pharmaceutical composition one or more pharmaceutically acceptable earners or diluents and a compound of the below formula I
Figure imgf000098_0001
(I)
wherein
U is O, S or NR2
s is O or 1; X is CO or SO2;
Z is O, S or NR , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-s-cycloaUc(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl and hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl;
q is O or 1;
1 1 '
R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cι_ 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1.6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, hydroxy-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1_.6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3.8-cycloalk(en)yl;
R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar, Ar-Cι-6- alk(en yn)yl, Ar-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy- C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, halo-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and cyano; provided that when R2 is halogen or cyano then s is 0;
when s is 1 and U is NR2 then R2' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C -8-cycloalk(en)yl, C .8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6- alk(en/yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3.8-cycloalk(en)yl, acyl, hydroxy-C^ 6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and halo-C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl; or R and R together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one further heteroatom;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en yn)yl, Ar, Ar-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar-C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, hydroxy-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, hydroxy-C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, halo-Ci- 6-alk(en yn)yl and halo-C3-s-cycloalk(en)yl;
and Y represents a group of formulae VI, VII, VIII, IX or XXX:
Figure imgf000100_0001
Figure imgf000100_0002
VIII IX
Figure imgf000100_0003
XXX
wherein
the line represents a bond attaching the group represented by Y to the nitrogen atom;
W is O or S;
a is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
h is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; c is 0 or 1;
d is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
e is 0, 1 or 2;
f is O, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
h is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and
each R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of a Cι-6- alk(en/yn)yl, C3.8-cycloalk(en)yl, Ar, Cs-s-cycloall^ei^yl-Ci-e-all^en/^yl, Ar- Cι-6-alk(en/yn)yl, acyl, C1-6-alk(an/en/yn)yloxy, halogen, halo-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl,
-CO-NR6R6', cyano, nitro, -NR7R7', -S-R8, -SO2R8 and SO2OR8, or two substituents together form a 5-8 membered saturated or unsaturated ring which optionally contains one or two heteroatoms;
R6 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C\.
6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl and Ar;
R7 and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cj. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl, Cs-s-cycloall^en l- -e-all^en/yn l, Ar and acyl; and
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8- cycloalk(en)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-C1-6-alk(en/yn)yl, Ar and -NR9R9 ; wherein R9 and R9' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Q. 6-alk(en/yn)yl, C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl and C3-8-cycloalk(en)yl-Cι-6-alk(en yn)yl; with the provisos that when R5 is SO2OR8 then R8 is not -NR9R9' and when R5 is SO2R8 , then Rs is not a hydrogen atom; or salts thereof
for increasing ion flow in a potassium channel of a mammal such as a human.
19. Use according to Claim 18 for the prevention, treatment or inhibition of a disorder or condition being responsive to an increased ion flow in a potassium channel, such disorder or condition is preferably a disorder or condition of the central nervous system.
20. Use according to claim 19 characterized in that the disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of seizure disorders such as convulsions, epilepsy and status epilepticus.
21. Use according to claim 19 characterized in that the disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of neuropathic and migraine pain disorders such as allodynia, hyperalgesic pain, phantom pain, neuropathic pain related to diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain related to migraine.
22. Use according to claim 19 characterized in that the disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorders such as anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, performance anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress reaction, adjustment disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, anxiety disorder due to general medical condition and substance-induced anxiety disorder.
23 Use according to claim 19 characterized in that the disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AIDS-induced encephalopathy and other infection-related encephalopathies being caused by rubella viruses, herpes viruses, bonelia and by unknown pathogens, Creutzfeld- Jakob disease, Parkinson's disease, trauma- induced neurodegenerations.
4. Use according to claim 19 characterized in that the disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of neuronal hyperexcitatioii states such as in medicament withdrawal or by intoxication.
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