WO2004075326A1 - 高分子電解質型燃料電池および高分子電解質型燃料電池の運転方法 - Google Patents
高分子電解質型燃料電池および高分子電解質型燃料電池の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004075326A1 WO2004075326A1 PCT/JP2004/001897 JP2004001897W WO2004075326A1 WO 2004075326 A1 WO2004075326 A1 WO 2004075326A1 JP 2004001897 W JP2004001897 W JP 2004001897W WO 2004075326 A1 WO2004075326 A1 WO 2004075326A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a method for operating the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell used for a portable power supply, a power supply for an electric vehicle, a home cogeneration system, and the like, and particularly to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte.
- a fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte generates electricity and heat simultaneously by electrochemically reacting a fuel gas containing hydrogen with a fuel gas containing oxygen such as air.
- This fuel cell basically includes a polymer electrolyte membrane for selectively transporting hydrogen ions, and a pair of electrodes formed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane, that is, an anode and a force sword.
- the above-mentioned electrode is mainly composed of carbon powder carrying a platinum group metal catalyst, and has both gas permeability and electron conductivity formed on the surface of the catalyst layer formed on the surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane and on the outer surface of the catalyst layer. It consists of a gas diffusion layer.
- a plurality of cells each comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane obtain a predetermined voltage. Therefore, the cells are stacked to form a stack with a conductive separator interposed between the cells.
- fuel gas and oxidizing gas are supplied to both sides of the separator, respectively, and fuel gas and oxidizing gas are supplied to the respective gas diffusion electrodes, the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the chemical reaction of each gas diffusion electrode are increased. Proceeding, a voltage is generated between the pair of gas diffusion electrodes.
- Supply power In such power generation, supplying the supplied gas to the electrode surface of the gas diffusion electrode as evenly as possible increases the gas utilization rate and improves the power generation efficiency and output performance.
- a gas sealing material and a gasket are sandwiched between the electrodes by sandwiching a polymer electrolyte membrane. Is placed. These gas seal material and gasket are integrated with the electrode and the polymer electrolyte membrane, and are assembled in advance. This is called MEA (electrolyte membrane electrode assembly).
- MEA electrolyte membrane electrode assembly
- a conductive separator for mechanically fixing the MEA and electrically connecting adjacent MEAs to each other in series is arranged.
- a gas flow path is formed to supply reaction gas to the electrode surface and carry away generated water and surplus gas.
- the gas flow path can be provided separately from the separator, but a general method is to provide a groove on the surface of the separator to use as a gas flow path.
- a pipe jig is required to branch into the number of separators and connect the branch directly to the separator groove.
- This jig is called a manifold, and the type that connects directly from the gas supply pipe is called an external manifold.
- an external manifold there is a type of manifold called an internal manifold that has a simpler structure.
- the internal manifold is a device in which a hole is formed through a separator having a groove for gas flow passage, the inlet / outlet of the gas flow passage is passed to this hole, and the reaction gas is supplied or discharged directly from this hole. .
- a through hole called a manifold hole is provided in the separator, and the inlet and outlet of the gas flow path are connected to this manifold.
- the reaction is performed by distributing the reactant gas from the manifold hole to each gas channel in communication with the holes.
- MEAs, separators, and cooling sections are alternately stacked, and after stacking 100 to 200 cells, sandwiched between end plates via current collectors and insulating plates, and fixed from both ends with fastening pads This is the structure of a general stacked battery.
- the configuration of the gas flow path of the separator for supplying gas to the gas diffusion electrode is not only for gas utilization, but also for efficient current collection of current generated at the gas diffusion electrode and removal of heat generated at the gas diffusion electrode. It is important because it involves.
- the gas flow path formed on the separator side be formed in a serpentine shape or in a configuration in which a plurality of flow paths are arranged in parallel (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-8777). 7 and JP-A-7-263003).
- Perfluorosulfonic acid-based materials have been used as polymer electrolytes in this type of battery. Since this polymer electrolyte membrane exhibits ionic conductivity in a state of containing water, it is usually necessary to humidify a fuel gas or an oxidizing gas before supplying it to the battery. On the cathode side, water is generated by the reaction, so if humidified gas is supplied so that the dew point is higher than the operating temperature of the battery, dew condensation occurs in the gas flow path inside the battery ⁇ inside the electrode, There was a problem that the performance of the battery was unstable or deteriorated due to phenomena such as water clogging.
- a flooding phenomenon such a phenomenon that the battery performance is degraded or the operation becomes unstable due to excessive wetting is called a flooding phenomenon.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is used as a power generation system, it is necessary to systematize the system, including humidification of the supplied gas. Simplify the system, improve system efficiency Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the dew point of the supplied humidified gas as much as possible.
- the humidification of the supply gas is performed at a humidity close to 100% relative humidity or a relative humidity of 1%. It is preferable to supply at 0% or more. It was also found that it is preferable to supply the supply gas with high humidification from the viewpoint of the durability of the polymer electrolyte membrane. When trying to supply a gas with a relative humidity of about 100%, the above-mentioned flooding becomes a problem.
- the gas flow path of the separator is connected to the inlet side manifold groove and the outlet side manifold groove which are respectively connected to the inlet side manifold and the outlet side manifold, and the inlet side flow path groove and the outlet side flow path groove. It is composed of communicating middle flow channels.
- the inlet-side flow groove and the outlet-side flow groove are formed in a lattice shape, and the intermediate flow groove has a plurality of folded shapes, and a plurality of parallel independent flow grooves and a folded portion of the independent flow groove. Is a lattice-shaped channel groove.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of suppressing flooding at a low load in consideration of the above problems, and an operation method thereof.
- a first aspect of the present invention includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode and a force sword sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, and an oxidizing gas channel groove for supplying an oxidizing gas to the force sod.
- a cell stack having a cell having a force side separator, and a cell having an anode side separator having a fuel gas passage groove for supplying fuel gas to the anode,
- Part or all of the oxidizing gas channel groove forms an oxidizing gas unit flow channel that is a flow channel from input to the force side separator to output.
- Part or all of the fuel gas flow channel groove forms a fuel gas unit flow channel which is a flow channel from input to the anode side separator until output.
- Two or more oxidant gas unit flow paths in the cell stack can be connected in parallel or in series;
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell wherein two or more fuel gas unit flow paths in the cell stack can be connected in parallel or in series.
- the speed of the oxidizing gas passing through the oxidizing gas flow channel groove maintains the speed at which water does not stay in the oxidizing gas flow channel groove ′ in response to the change in the power generation output.
- the parallel communication or the serial communication is changed so that the velocity of the fuel gas passing through the fuel gas flow channel keeps the speed at which water does not stay in the fuel gas flow channel.
- the oxidant gas unit flow path is formed by a part of the oxidant gas flow path groove
- the fuel gas unit flow path is formed by a part of the fuel gas flow path groove.
- all or a part of the plurality of oxidizing gas unit flow channels formed in each of the force source side separators is configured such that the oxidizing gas is sequentially supplied.
- All or some of the plurality of fuel gas unit flow paths formed in each of the anode-side separators are connected in series with each other, and are connected in series with each other so that the fuel gas is sequentially supplied.
- 2 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention of No. 2.
- the oxidizing gas unit flow path is formed by the entirety of the oxidizing gas flow path groove
- the fuel gas unit flow path is formed by the entirety of the fuel gas flow path groove
- the oxidizing gas unit flow paths formed in each of the cathode-side separators are connected to each other in parallel so that the oxidizing gas is supplied simultaneously.
- the fuel gas unit flow paths formed in the anode-side separator are connected to each other in parallel so that the fuel gas is supplied simultaneously,
- oxidizing gas is connected in series
- all or a part of the oxidizing gas unit flow paths formed in each of the force side separators is supplied so that the oxidizing gas is sequentially supplied.
- All or some of the fuel gas unit flow paths formed in each of the anode-side separators are connected in series with each other, and are connected in series with each other so that the fuel gas is sequentially supplied.
- 2 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention of No. 2.
- an inlet-side oxidizing gas manifold connected to an inlet of each of the oxidizing gas unit channels, and an outlet-side oxidizing gas manifold connected to an outlet of each of the oxidizing gas unit channels.
- the oxidizing gas flow path groove is connected to the inlet side oxidizing gas manifold connected to the inlet of the oxidizing gas flow path groove and the outlet of the oxidizing gas flow path groove.
- the oxidizing gas manifold on the inlet side and the oxidizing gas manifold on the outlet side other than the oxidizing gas manifold on the outlet side are communicated,
- a third or fourth embodiment is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention.
- the communication between the oxidizing gas unit flow paths and the connection between the fuel gas unit flow paths in series or in parallel is performed by using a valve provided outside the stacked cell.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which is opened and closed according to the generated power.
- an apparatus other than an inlet-side oxidizing gas manifold connected to an inlet of the oxidizing gas passage groove and an outlet-side oxidizing gas manifold connected to an outlet of the oxidizing gas passage groove.
- a mist trap is installed at a portion where the inlet side fuel gas manifold and the outlet side fuel gas manifold are connected to each other, other than the outlet side fuel gas manifold connected to the outlet of the fifth invention.
- the oxidizing gas unit flow paths are connected in parallel so that a flow direction of the oxidizing gas does not go against gravity.
- the parallel communication is the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the direction in which the fuel gas flows is a direction not against gravity.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode and a cathode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, a power source side separator having an oxidizing gas flow path for supplying an oxidizing gas to the power source, A cell stack in which cells having an anode-side separator having a fuel gas flow path for supplying a fuel gas to the anode are stacked;
- a part or all of the oxidizing gas channel groove is formed by the force source side separation.
- a method of operating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell wherein a part or all of the fuel gas flow channel groove forms a fuel gas unit flow channel which is a flow channel from input to the anode side separator to output.
- a method for operating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising: connecting two or more fuel gas unit flow paths in the cell stack in parallel or in series.
- FIG. 1 is a front view on the cathode side of a conductive separator used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the anode side of the conductive separator used in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing switching of the gas flow path on the cathode side of the conductive separator used in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a piping on a power source side of the laminated polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a piping on a power source side of the laminated polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the change over time in the voltage of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a front view of a power source side separator of cell A in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- No. FIG. 10 is a front view of the anode separator of the cell A in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a front view of a cathode-side separator of cell B in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a front view of the anode-side separator of cell B in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the flow of the oxidizing gas in cell A when the reaction gas is supplied in series to cells A and B in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a front view.
- FIG. 14 is a front view of the anode side separator showing the flow of the fuel gas in the cell A when the reaction gas is supplied in series to the cells A and B in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the flow of the oxidizing gas in the cell B when the reaction gas is supplied in series to the cells A and B in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a front view.
- FIG. 16 is an anode-side separator showing the flow of fuel gas in cell B when the reaction gas is supplied in series to cells A and B in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a change in voltage in a continuous power generation test of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of the cathode side of the conductive separator
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the anode side in the back view.
- the conductive separator 10 is provided with first and second inlet side manifold holes 11 a and 11 b of the oxidizing gas. , First and second outlet manifold holes 13a and 13b, first and second inlet manifold holes for fuel gas 12a and 12b, first And second outlet side manifold holes 14a and 14b.
- the separator 10 has a surface on the force source side, which extends from the first inlet side manifold hole 11a to the first outlet side manifold hole 13a.
- the first gas flow path 21a corresponding to the oxidizing gas unit flow path, and the second inlet side manifold hole 1 1b from the second inlet side manifold hole 13b are connected to the second outlet side manifold hole 13b
- the first gas flow path 22 a corresponding to the fuel gas unit flow path of the present invention connected to the outlet side manifold hole 14 a of the present invention, and the second inlet side manifold hole 12 2
- the oxidizing gas flow channel groove of the present invention includes a first gas flow channel 21a and a second gas flow channel 21b.
- the fuel gas channel groove of the present invention is constituted by a first gas channel
- the first gas flow path 21a and the second gas flow path 21b are connected in series. That is, the first outlet side manifold hole 13a and the second inlet side manifold hole 11b are connected outside the cell as shown by an arrow AB. That is, the first gas flow path 21a and the second gas flow path 21b are connected in series.
- the gas flowing from the arrow A into the first inlet side manifold hole 11a flows sequentially through the first gas passage 21a and the second gas passage 21b. It is discharged to the outside through the second outlet side manifold hole 13b.
- the fuel gas supply method is exactly the same as above.
- Fig. 4 shows the oxidant gas piping of a stacked polymer electrolyte fuel cell equipped with the separator as described above.
- This polymer electrolyte fuel cell 30 is composed of a cell stack in which MEAs 1 and separators 10 are alternately stacked, a pair of current collectors 5, an insulating plate 6, an end plate 7, and a cell stack sandwiching the cell stack. It has fastening means for fastening together.
- the pipe 31 connected to the supply source of the oxidizing gas branches into a first pipe 31a and a second pipe 31b having a valve 35.
- the first pipe 31a communicates with the first inlet-side manifold hole 11a of the separator 10 to connect to the manifold provided in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- the second pipe 31a 3 lb is connected to the manifold provided in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell in communication with the second inlet side manifold hole 11 b of the separator 10.
- pipes 33a and 33b connected to the manifold communicating with the first outlet side manifold holes 13a and the second outlet side manifold holes 13b of the separator 10 are respectively provided. Is provided.
- the pulp 39 is connected to the pipe 33a, and the pipe 33b is connected to the outlet pipe 33.
- One end of the pipe 31b is connected to the pipe 33a via a bypass valve 37.
- Fig. 4 shows only the power source side piping, but the anode side piping can be similarly configured by arranging it at a symmetrical position.
- the pipes 31a and 31b branched from the pipe 31 and the pipes 33a and 33b connected to the pipe 33 have the same pipe diameter and can distribute gas evenly to the divided pipes.
- the controller 200 opens the panolebs 35 and 39 and closes the bypass pulp 37.
- the oxidizing gas supplied from the pipe 31 is supplied from the pipes 31a and 31b to the first gas passage 21a and the second gas passage from the manifold holes 11a and 11b, respectively. It is supplied to 21b and discharged to pipe 33 via pipes 33a and 33b.
- controller 200 closes valves 35 and 39 and opens bypass valve 37.
- the oxidant gas flowing from the pipe 31a to the first gas flow path 21a flows from the pipe 33a to the second gas flow path 21b through the bypass valve 37 and the pipe 31b. Is discharged from pipe 33 b to pipe 33. That is, according to the change in the power generation output, the parallel communication and the serial communication of each gas flow path are changed so as to maintain a gas velocity at which water does not stay in each gas flow path.
- a cooling unit using cooling water can be configured as follows. One side is formed with a flow path for the oxidizing gas as shown in Fig. 1 and the other side is formed with a power source side separator formed with a flow path for cooling water, and one side is formed as shown in Fig. 2.
- the point of the present embodiment has a plurality of independent gas passages having independent manifold holes in the plane of the separator, and the simple valve switching of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system enables This is to avoid battery performance degradation or instability during low-load operation.
- the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are supplied from one inlet-side manifold to the gas flow path of the separator, and one outlet-side gas is supplied to the separator. It was configured to be discharged through the two holes.
- the load is increased with respect to the rated output, increase the flow rates of the fuel gas and oxidizing gas to the appropriate flow rate, and if the load is reduced with respect to the rated output, increase the load. It is necessary to operate with the flow rates of fuel gas and oxidizing gas reduced to the specified flow rates.
- the gas flow path provided in the conductive separator of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is designed to have the most suitable flow velocity at the rated output. Therefore, when the power load is increased, the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path increases as the gas flow rate increases, and when the power load decreases, the gas flow rate in the gas flow path decreases as the gas flow rate decreases. The gas flow rate decreases. If the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path increases, the pressure loss of the supplied gas increases, and although the power generation efficiency decreases slightly due to the increase in the trapping power, the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path increases. Condensed water and generated water in the gas flow path of the separator can be removed more efficiently, and the flooding phenomenon does not occur.
- the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path also decreases as the gas flow rate decreases.
- the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path decreases, it becomes difficult to efficiently remove dew water and generated water in the gas flow path of the separator, depending on the degree of the flow velocity decrease, and a flooding phenomenon occurs.
- the ratio of auxiliary power to the power generation output becomes relatively large, and the power generation efficiency of the entire power generation system decreases.
- the present invention by forming a plurality of independent gas channels having independent inlet and outlet side manifold holes in the plane of the separator and connecting them in series or in parallel, particularly low This realizes a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that does not cause flooding even during load operation.
- the ratio of the maximum load power generation output to the minimum load power generation output is 4 to 1
- the gas flow path in the plane of the separator is formed as four independent gas flow paths, and all the gas Gas is supplied in parallel to the flow paths, and at minimum load operation, gas is supplied by connecting all four gas flow paths in series.
- two adjacent gas flow paths among the four flow paths are connected in series to supply gas.
- the same gas flow velocity can be maintained in all gas flow paths even when the load changes.
- the oxidizing gas unit When there are a plurality of gas unit flow paths, the oxidizing gas unit When the flow paths communicate in series, the inlet-side oxidizing gas manifold connected to the inlet of the oxidizing gas channel groove and the outlet-side oxidizing gas manifold connected to the outlet of the oxidizing gas channel groove The inlet side oxidizing gas manifold and the outlet side oxidizing gas manifold may be communicated in each oxidizing gas unit flow path other than the hold. When the fuel gas unit flow paths are connected in series, the inlet fuel gas manifold connected to the inlet of the fuel gas flow groove and the outlet fuel gas manifold connected to the outlet of the fuel gas flow groove are formed. If the inlet side fuel gas manifold and the outlet side fuel 'gas mayor are connected in each fuel gas unit flow path other than the two-hold, it is sufficient.
- connection of each gas flow path is made by connecting independent manifold holes using piping outside the separator, so that the intermediate manifold holes can be connected. Condensed water that has condensed can be discharged to the outside of the separator, and stable operation is possible because condensed water is not supplied to the downstream flow path.
- the flow velocity of the gas in the gas flow path does not decrease, so that the occurrence of flooding can be suppressed. it can.
- a mist trap 40 is inserted into a pipe connecting the first outlet manifold and the second inlet manifold in the first embodiment.
- the reaction gas When the reaction gas is supplied so as to have a relative humidity of approximately 100%, the reaction gas contains many mist due to generated water and dew condensation water when passing through the first gas flow path. It is in a state. If this mist is supplied to the downstream gas flow path, there is a high risk that flooding will occur due to blockage of the gas flow path due to the mist. Therefore, insert a mistrap 40 so that the mist once discharged from the outlet of the first gas flow path on the upstream side to the outside of the separator is not supplied to the gas flow path on the downstream side again.
- mist trap 40 This allows for more reliable operation with less flooding.
- the water captured by this mist trap 40 is collected by the fuel cell system and can be reused.
- a commercially available mechanical mist trap for example, a mist trap used in Example 2, or a fibrous, water-absorbing, wick-like material such as wind yarn can be used.
- each valve is operated via the controller 200 as in the case of FIG. (Example 1)
- Acetylene black-based carbon powder the average particle size of about 3 OA 2 5 weight 0/0 carrying the force cathode catalyst platinum particles, also to the acetylene black-based force one carbon powder, the average particle size of about 3 0
- Panodic-ruthenium alloy particles were supported at 25% by weight to prepare anode catalysts. These catalyst powders are dispersed in isopropanol, and this is mixed with a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid powder in ethyl alcohol dispersion (Flemion (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) to form a paste. An ink was prepared.
- one side of a 250- ⁇ m-thick carbon non-woven fabric (Toray Co., Ltd., code number TGP-H-900) is screen-printed using a screen printing method.
- a catalyst layer was formed. The amount of platinum contained in these catalyst layer 0. 3 m g Z cm 2 , the amount of par full O b carbon sulfonic acid was 1. 2 mg Z cm 2.
- a force ion and an anode prepared by forming a catalyst layer on a carbon non-woven fabric as described above are combined with a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane having an area slightly larger than the electrode (Naphion 112, manufactured by DuPont, USA (registered trademark)
- the catalyst layers were hot-pressed on both sides of the central part of) so that each catalyst layer was in contact with the electrolyte membrane.
- a gasket made of a 250-m-thick fluorine-based rubber sheet was joined to the exposed portion of the electrolyte membrane at the outer peripheral edge of the electrode by hot pressing. In this way, an electrolyte membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was produced.
- MEA electrolyte membrane electrode assembly
- As the polymer electrolyte membrane a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid thinned to a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was used.
- the conductive separator is a 3 mm-thick isotropic graphite material in which gas channels and manifold holes are formed by machining, and has a structure as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- the groove width of each gas passage is 2 mm, the depth is lmm, the groove The width of the ribs between them was 1 mm, and each gas flow path had a single pass.
- the flow path of the cooling water was also divided corresponding to the gas flow path.
- the current collector plate was a copper plate with gold plating on the surface
- the insulation plate was a polyphenylene sulfide plate
- the end plates were stainless steel.
- the fastening pressure of the laminated battery was set at 10 kgf Z cm 2 per electrode area, and the laminated battery was configured such that the upper part of the separator shown in FIG.
- the rated operating conditions for this battery are a fuel utilization of 75%, an oxygen utilization of 40%, and a current density of 0.3 AZ cm 2 .
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of this example thus produced was kept at 70 ° C, and the anode was humidified so as to have a dew point of 70 ° C.
- the heated fuel gas was supplied to the power source, and the humidified and heated air was supplied to the power source at a dew point of 70 ° C.
- the fuel gas is composed of 80% of hydrogen gas, 20% of carbon dioxide and 10 ppm of carbon oxide.
- FIG. 5 shows the results.
- FIG. 5 also shows, for comparison, the characteristics of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell, that is, the cell of Comparative Example 1 using a separator having a single-pass gas flow path configuration.
- the test was performed by switching the flow path of 0.15 AZ cni 2 or less to the serial flow path, and switching the 0.15 AZ cm 2 or more to the parallel flow path.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present example suffered from flooding due to a decrease in gas flow rate in the cell of Comparative Example 1, making operation difficult. In the vicinity of 0.075 A / c ni 2 , flooding did not occur, indicating that stable operation was possible.
- a case where two independent flow paths are used is shown, but a configuration having three or more independent flow paths can be used as long as the pressure loss of each flow path is the same. It is.
- Example 2 a battery similar to that of Example 1 was manufactured except that a mist trap 40 was inserted.
- mist trap 40 a commercially available mist trap (1—LDC manufactured by Armstrong) was used.
- the current-voltage characteristics of this battery were measured under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- the pressure loss of the entire flow channel in Example 2 was designed to be about 60% of the pressure loss of the entire flow channel in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 it was confirmed that according to Example 2, a stable battery output with low pressure loss could be obtained.
- the separator is configured as shown in FIG. 1 and the batteries are installed so as to be arranged as shown in FIG.
- the temperature distribution in the cell surface is determined by the direction of the flow of cooling water, and in order to lower the temperature at the gas inlet and increase the temperature at the gas outlet, the flow directions of the cooling water and gas can be adjusted. desirable. With such a configuration, a large amount of generated water near the outlet can be smoothly discharged. That is, when the flow direction of the gas changes, the correlation with the temperature distribution is broken, and a state in which water clogging is more likely to occur is brought about.
- Example 1 the separator was configured as shown in FIG. 1, and the batteries were installed so as to be arranged as shown in FIG. According to the present embodiment, even when the gas flow paths are switched in parallel, flooding is always suppressed because the gas flow direction does not change, and stable operation is possible. It is.
- FIG. 8 shows the change over time of the voltage when this battery was operated under the same conditions as in Example 1 and at a load of 1/2 of the rated value.
- FIG. 8 also shows, as Comparative Example 3, the characteristics when the inlet and outlet of the second gas flow path were forcibly reversed and the gas was flowed in a direction opposite to gravity. From Fig. 8, it can be seen that stable operation is possible easily and reliably by flowing gas in a direction that does not always oppose gravity.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show a force side separator 10 A and an anode side separator 20 A for constituting the cell A.
- the separator 10 A has manifold holes 11 A, 13 A and 15 A for the oxidizing gas, and 12 A, 14 A and 16 A for the fuel gas.
- the separator 20 A has manifold holes 22 A, 24 A and 26 A for fuel gas and manifold holes 21 A, 23 A and 25 A for oxidant gas.
- a gas flow path 28A corresponding to the fuel gas unit flow path of the present invention, which connects the manifold holes 22A and 26A to the surface facing the anode.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show a force side separator 10 B and an anode side separator 20 B for constituting the cell B.
- the separator 10B has manifold holes 11B, 13B and 15B for oxidizing gas, and manifold holes 12B, 14B and 16B for fuel gas.
- the separator 20 B has manifold holes 22 B, 24 B and 26 B for fuel gas, and manifold holes 21 B, 23 B and 25 B for oxidant gas.
- a gas flow path 28B corresponding to the fuel gas unit flow path of the present invention is provided which connects the manifold holes 24B and 26B on the surface facing the node.
- the gas flow path 17 A and the gas flow path 17 B are formed by the entire oxidizing gas flow path groove of the present invention, and the gas flow path 28 A and the gas flow path 28 B
- the fuel gas flow channel according to the present invention is formed entirely of the groove.
- the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) combined with the separator is composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane having the same size as the separator, a pair of gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, that is, a force source and an anode, and a peripheral portion of the electrode. It consists of a pair of gaskets 1 sandwiching the protruding part of the electrolyte membrane.
- This MEA is sandwiched between the separators 1OA and 2OA to form a sensor A, and the MEA is similarly sandwiched between the separators 10B and 20B to constitute a cell B.
- the cell A and the cell B are alternately stacked to form a cell stack.
- FIG. 17 shows a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the above cell stack.
- the cell stacked body 130 is sandwiched between both ends by an end plate 133 via a current collector plate 131 and an insulating plate 132, and is fastened by bolts (not shown).
- One of the end plates has manifold holes 11 1 A, 11 B, 21 A and 21 B for the oxidizing gas, and manifold holes for the oxidizing gas.
- 1 3 A, 1 3 B, 2 3 A, and manifold 3 L communicating with 23 B, fuel gas manifold holes 12 A, 12 B, 22 A, and 22 B
- Manifolds 102 communicating with each other and manifolds 4 L communicating with fuel gas manifold holes 14 A, 14 B, 24 A, and 24 B are provided.
- the other end plate has manifold holes 13 R for communicating with oxidant gas manifold holes 13 A, 13 B, 23 A and 23 B, and manifold holes 14 for fuel gas.
- Manifold 4 R communicating with A, 14 B, 24 A, and 24 B, manifold hole for oxidizing gas 15 A, 15 B, 25 A, and 25 B communicating with manifold Hold 105 and fuel gas
- the manifold 106 that communicates with the manifold holes 16A, 16B, 26A, and 26B is installed.
- both oxidizing gas and fuel gas are supplied in parallel to cells A and B to generate electricity. That is, the manifold 3R is closed, and the oxidizing gas is uniformly supplied to the manifold 101 and the manifold 3L. As a result, the oxidizing gas flows into the separator 1OA through the gas passage 17A from the manifold hole 11A as shown by the arrow in FIG. Is discharged. Similarly, in the separator 10B, the oxidant gas flows through the gas passage 17B from the manifold hole 13B as shown by the arrow shown in FIG. Is discharged. That is, the gas flow path 17A and the gas flow path 17B are connected in parallel, and the oxidizing gas is simultaneously supplied to the two flow paths.
- the separator 20A is provided with an arrow as shown in FIG.
- the fuel gas flows through the gas channel 28 A from the manifold hole 22 A and is discharged from the manifold hole 26 A.
- the fuel gas flows through the gas flow path 28 B from the manifold hole 24 B into the separator hole 20 B as indicated by the arrow shown in FIG. Is exhausted from That is, the gas flow path 28 A and the gas flow path 28 B are connected in parallel, and the fuel gas is simultaneously supplied to the two flow paths.
- the oxidizing gas and the fuel gas are supplied in parallel to the power anodes of the cells A and B, respectively, to generate power.
- the oxidizing gas supplied to the manifold 101 flows through the gas passage 17 A from the manifold hole 11 A of the separator 1 OA as shown by the arrow in FIG. Emitted to 15 A.
- the gas enters the manifold hole 15B of the separator 10B, flows through the gas passage 17B, and is discharged from the manifold hole 13B. That is, the gas flow path 17A and the gas flow path 17B are connected in series, and the oxidizing gas is sequentially supplied to the two flow paths.
- the fuel gas supplied to the manifold 102 flows through the gas passage 28 A from the manifold hole 22 A of the separator 20 A as shown by the arrow in FIG. Discharged to manifold hole 26 A.
- the gas enters the manifold hole 26B of the separator 20B, flows through the gas flow path 28B, and is discharged from the manifold hole 24B. That is, the gas flow path 28 A and the gas flow path 28 B are connected in series, and the fuel gas is sequentially supplied to the two flow paths.
- At least two inlet-side manifold holes of the pair of manifold holes provided in the separator are provided, and gas is supplied to the manifold holes.
- At least two types of separator pairs sandwiching an electrolyte membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a cathode are prepared.
- a cell stack including a cell A sandwiched between the first pair of separators and a cell B sandwiched between the second separator pair is formed, and gas is supplied to the cell A from the first inlet side manifold hole.
- a second mayuho in cell B The gas is supplied from the through hole.
- gas can be supplied to cells A and B in parallel. If the outlet-side manifold holes of cells A and B are connected in series and gas is supplied from the first inlet-side manifold hole, the gas flows through cells A and B in series, It is discharged from the second inlet side manifold hole.
- one or preferably both of the oxidizing gas and the fuel gas can be supplied to the cell A and the cell B in parallel or in series depending on the load, and the gas flow rate in the gas flow path is controlled by the load. Regardless, it can be constant. This can prevent the battery performance from deteriorating or causing an unstable phenomenon during low-load operation.
- the structure of the conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell separator is such that each gas of the fuel gas and the oxidizing agent gas is supplied to the gas flow path of the separator from one gas inlet side manifold nozzle. It was configured to be discharged through the outlet side manifold.
- it is desired to change the load of the fuel cell according to the power demand without lowering the power generation efficiency. Therefore, when increasing the load with respect to the rated output, increase the flow rate of the fuel gas and oxidizing gas to the flow rate corresponding to that, and when decreasing the load with respect to the rated output, It is preferable to be able to operate with the flow rates of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas reduced to the appropriate flow rates.
- the gas flow path provided in the conductive separator used in the fuel cell is designed to have the most suitable gas flow rate at the rated output. Therefore, when the power load is increased, the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path increases as the gas flow rate increases, and when the power load decreases, the gas flow rate in the gas flow path decreases as the gas flow rate decreases. The gas flow rate decreases.
- the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path increases, the pressure loss of the supply gas increases, and the Although the power generation efficiency decreases slightly, the gas flow velocity in the gas flow path increases, so that dew condensation and generated water in the separator gas flow path can be removed more efficiently, and the flooding phenomenon does not occur. Absent.
- the present invention switches the supply of gas to cells having different inlet side manifold holes in series and in parallel through the manifold, so that flooding does not occur even during low load operation.
- This realizes a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. For example, if the ratio of the maximum load generation output to the minimum load generation output is 2: 1, two gas inlet side manifolds are provided, and the gas flow cell A connected to the first manifold is connected to the first manifold. The cells B of the gas flow path connected to the second manifold are alternately stacked.
- gas is supplied in parallel to the first and second gas inlet side manifolds.
- gas is supplied from the first gas inlet side manifold, and the second gas inlet side manifold is used as an outlet.
- the cell is connected in series and gas is supplied by closing the cell using a pipe outside the separator.
- each gas passage is connected by connecting independent manifold holes using piping outside the separator.
- the condensed water condensed in the manifold hole can be discharged to the outside of the separator, and condensed water is not supplied to the downstream flow path, so that more stable operation is possible.
- the cells that are connected in series via the manifold are preferably arranged adjacent to each other.
- the direction of gas flowing through each gas flow path is a direction that does not oppose gravity, so that the occurrence of flooding is further suppressed.
- the direction of gas flowing through each gas flow path may include a direction opposite to gravity, as shown in Figs. Therefore, in that sense, flooding may occur.However, in the actual operating condition of the system, the operation time at the rated load is longer than the operation time at the partial load as described above, Not at the level of the title.
- the cell A and the cell B are stacked with two types of cells, but three or more types of cells may be stacked. That is, at the time of rated load, gas is simultaneously input to the gas unit flow path formed in each cell, and at the time of partial load, at least one of the gas unit flow paths is connected in series according to the size of the load. The gas may be input sequentially by contacting.
- the oxidizing gas flow path is connected to the inlet side oxidizing gas manifold connected to the inlet of the oxidizing gas flow groove and the outlet of the oxidizing gas flow groove.
- Outlet oxidizer gas manifold The outside oxidant gas manifold and the outlet oxidant gas manifold in each oxidant gas unit flow path may be communicated.
- FIG. 18 shows the overall configuration of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present embodiment.
- the difference from the third embodiment is that a valve is provided in the piping of each manifold.
- the oxidant gas inlet side manifold 101 and the manifold 3 L are connected to one oxidant gas supply pipe via valves V 2 and V 1, respectively.
- a pulp V5 is provided at the oxidant gas inlet side manifold 3R, and a valve V8 is provided at the outlet side manifold 105.
- the fuel gas inlet side manifold 102 and the manifold 4 L are connected to one fuel gas supply pipe via valves V 4 and V 3 respectively, and the fuel gas inlet side manifold 4 R is connected to the fuel gas inlet side manifold 4 R.
- the valve V 6 is provided, and the outlet manifold 106 is provided with a valve V 7. Each valve is connected to the controller 300.
- controller 300 when oxidizing gas is supplied in parallel to cells A and B, controller 300 opens valves V1, V2, and V8, closes valve V5, and closes valve V5.
- the oxidizer gas is supplied from the second hold 101 and the third manifold 3 L, respectively, and discharged from the second manifold 105.
- valves V3, V4 and pulp V7 are opened and pulp V6 is closed, fuel gas is supplied from manifold 102 and manifold 4L, and manifold 1 is supplied. 0 Discharge from force.
- the controller 300 opens the valves V2 and V5, closes the pulp V7 and V8, and controls the oxidizing gas.
- Supply from hold 101 and discharge from may hold 3R. Further, the pulp V4 and the pulp V6 are opened, the pulp V3 and the valve V7 are closed, and the fuel gas is supplied from the manifold 102 and discharged from the manifold 4R. In this way, according to the change in the power generation output, the parallel communication and the serial communication of each gas flow path are changed so as to maintain a gas velocity at which water does not stay in each gas flow path.
- a single separator is used, but one of the separators functions as a cathode-side separator, and the backside functions as an anode-side separator. It can also be done.
- the back side of the force side separator of cell A is used as the anode side separator of cell B.
- the manifold hole of the cooling water for cooling the cells is omitted for convenience of explanation.
- the cooling unit is formed by forming a flow path of the cooling water on a surface facing the normal force side separator and the anode side separator. This cooling unit is provided for each cell or every two or three cells.
- Acetylene black-based carbon powder and 2 5 wt 0/0 carrying platinum particles having an average particle diameter of about 3 0 A. This was used as a catalyst for power sword. Further, 25% by weight of platinum-ruthenium alloy particles having an average particle size of about 30 A were supported on acetylene black carbon powder. This was used as the anode catalyst. A dispersion of perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid powder in ethyl alcohol was mixed with a dispersion of the catalyst powder in isopropanol to form a paste.
- This paste was used as a raw material and applied to one surface of a carbon nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 250 ⁇ using a screen printing method, and dried to form a force-sword catalyst layer and an anode catalyst layer, respectively. .
- the amount of platinum contained in the obtained catalyst layer was 0.3 mg / cm ⁇ , and the amount of carbon snorephonic acid at the perphnoleo mouth was 1.2 mg / cm 2 .
- the electrodes made of a nonwoven fabric having a catalyst layer and having a catalyst layer have the same structure as the structure of the force anode and the negative electrode except for the catalyst material. These electrodes were joined by hot pressing to both sides of the center portion of the proton conductive polymer electrolyte membrane having an area slightly larger than the electrodes so that the printed catalyst layer was in contact with the electrolyte membrane side. Further, a gasket obtained by cutting a sheet of an elastomer having a thickness of 25 mm ( ⁇ ton) (Dubon's Viton A ⁇ , hardness 50,000) into a predetermined size is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the aforementioned electrode.
- the MEA was fabricated by arranging on both sides of the exposed electrolyte membrane in step 2 and joining them together by hot pressing.
- As the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte a thin film of 30-m-thick pernorolecarpons-norrefonic acid was used.
- the separators 10A, 10B, 20A and 20B shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 were used.
- gas channels and Mahimono red holes were formed by machining a 3 mm thick isotropic graphite plate.
- the groove width of the gas flow path was 2 mm, the depth was 1 mm, the width of the rib between the gas flow paths was 1 mm, and each gas flow path was a single pass.
- Cell A in which the MEA is combined with a force-side separator 10 A and an anode-side separator 20 A
- Cell B in which the MEA is combined with a force-side separator 10 B and an anode-side separator 20 B.
- the cell stack was sandwiched between stainless steel end plates via a current collector plate made of gold-plated copper plates and an insulating plate made of polyphenylene sulfide, and both end plates were fastened with fastening rods.
- the fastening pressure is It was 10 kgf / cm 2 per electrode area.
- the stacked battery was configured such that the upper part of the separator was upward.
- This polymer electrolyte fuel cell was maintained at 70 ° C, and the anode was humidified and heated to a dew point of 70 ° C.
- a hydrogen-based gas 80% hydrogen gas Z20% carbon dioxide Z10 ppm—carbon oxide
- humidified and heated air was supplied to the power source so that the dew point was 70 ° C.
- Were evaluated current - voltage characteristics of this battery by changing the 25% of the current density from the current density 0. 0 7 5 A / cm 2 as the low load up to 0. 3 A / cm 2 as a rated load of rated .
- the utilization rate during the test was equivalent to the rated condition.
- Figure 19 shows the results. For comparison, Fig.
- FIG. 19 also shows the characteristics of a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell, that is, a cell in which only cell A was stacked.
- the test was performed by switching to a serial flow path when the current density was 0.15 A / cm 2 or less, and switching to a parallel flow path when the current density was 0.15 A / cm 2 or more.
- flooding occurred due to a decrease in gas flow velocity in the conventional cell, making operation difficult 0.075 A / cm 2 It can be seen that there was no fretting in the vicinity and stable operation was possible.
- two types of cells are used. However, it is also possible to further increase the types of cells connected in series by increasing the number of marshalls. (Example 5)
- Example 2 a valve was installed in the pipe as in the fourth embodiment.
- the same test as in Example 1 was performed by switching the gas supply by opening and closing the valve. As a result, performance equivalent to that of Example 1 was obtained.
- a humidifier may be connected to the inlet side of each gas passage, and a waste heat exchanger may be connected to the outlet side of each gas passage.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell and the method of handling the same according to the present invention can suppress the occurrence of flooding at a low load, and are useful as a fuel cell cogeneration system or the like.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2003108880A JP2004319165A (ja) | 2003-04-14 | 2003-04-14 | 高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
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DE10151520A1 (de) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-05-08 | Ballard Power Systems | Methode zur Einhaltung der Wasserbilanz in einem Brennstoffzellensystem |
JP3588776B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-11-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料循環式燃料電池システム |
JP2003203669A (ja) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池スタック |
US6911277B2 (en) * | 2002-05-01 | 2005-06-28 | General Motors Corporation | Device and method to expand operating range of a fuel cell stack |
-
2004
- 2004-02-19 EP EP04003796A patent/EP1450432A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-19 WO PCT/JP2004/001897 patent/WO2004075326A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-02-19 CA CA002458139A patent/CA2458139A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-02-20 US US10/781,845 patent/US20040224206A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2000030730A (ja) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2002305014A (ja) * | 2001-04-06 | 2002-10-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JP2003100320A (ja) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7838140B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2010-11-23 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Stack and fuel cell system having the same |
US7846607B2 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2010-12-07 | Hyundai Motor Company | Separator for fuel cell having channels for self-humidification |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1450432A3 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
US20040224206A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
EP1450432A2 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
CA2458139A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 |
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