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WO2003082862A1 - Anti-inflammatory morpholin-acetamide derivatives - Google Patents

Anti-inflammatory morpholin-acetamide derivatives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003082862A1
WO2003082862A1 PCT/EP2003/003347 EP0303347W WO03082862A1 WO 2003082862 A1 WO2003082862 A1 WO 2003082862A1 EP 0303347 W EP0303347 W EP 0303347W WO 03082862 A1 WO03082862 A1 WO 03082862A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
methyl
formula
compound
morpholin
dichlorobenzyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/003347
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Rachael Ann Ancliff
Caroline Mary Cook
Colin David Eldred
Paul Martin Gore
Lee Andrew Harrison
Martin Alistair Hayes
Simon Teanby Hodgson
Duncan Bruce Judd
Suzanne Elaine Keeling
Xiao Qing Lewell
Gail Mills
Graeme Michael Robertson
Stephen Swanson
Andrew John Walker
Mark Wilkinson
Original Assignee
Glaxo Group Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glaxo Group Limited filed Critical Glaxo Group Limited
Priority to JP2003580327A priority Critical patent/JP2005527564A/en
Priority to EP03712119A priority patent/EP1487827A1/en
Priority to AU2003216907A priority patent/AU2003216907A1/en
Publication of WO2003082862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003082862A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
    • C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
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    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
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    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel compounds, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical formulations containing them and their use in therapy.
  • Inflammation is a primary response to tissue injury or microbial invasion and is characterised by leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, diapedesis and activation within the tissue.
  • Leukocyte activation can result in the generation of toxic oxygen species (such as superoxide anion), and the release of granule products (such as peroxidases and proteases).
  • Circulating leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
  • Different forms of inflammation involve different types of infiltrating leukocytes, the particular profile being regulated by the profile of adhesion molecule, cytokine and chemotactic factor expression within the tissue.
  • leukocytes The primary function of leukocytes is to defend the host from invading organisms, such as bacteria and parasites. Once a tissue is injured or infected, a series of events occurs which causes the local recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation into the affected tissue. Leukocyte recruitment is controlled to allow for the orderly destruction and phagocytosis of foreign or dead cells, followed by tissue repair and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. However in chronic inflammatory states, recruitment is often inappropriate, resolution is not adequately controlled and the inflammatory reaction causes tissue destruction.
  • bronchial inflammation which is characteristic of asthma represents a specialised form of cell-mediated immunity, in which cytokine products, such as IL-4 and IL-5 released by T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, orchestrate the accumulation and activation of granulocytes, in particular eosinophils and to a lesser extent basophils.
  • Th2 T-helper 2
  • eosinophils generate mucosal damage and initiate mechanisms that underlie bronchial hyperreactivity. Therefore, blocking the recruitment and activation of Th2 cells and eosinophils is likely to have anti-inflammatory properties in asthma.
  • eosinophils have been implicated in other disease types such as rhinitis, eczema, irritable bowel syndrome and parasitic infections.
  • Chemokines are a large family of small proteins which are involved in trafficking and recruitment of leukocytes (for review see Luster, New Eng. J. Med., 338, 436-445 (1998)). They are released by a wide variety of cells and act to attract and activate various cell types, including eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes. There are two major families of chemokines, CXC- ( ⁇ ) and CC- ( ⁇ ) chemokines, classified according to the spacing of two conserved cysteine residues near to the amino terminus of the chemokine proteins.
  • Chemokines bind to specific cell surface receptors belonging to the family of G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane-domain proteins (for review see Luster, 1998). Activation of chemokine receptors results in, amongst other responses, an increase in intracellular calcium, changes in cell shape, increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules, degranulation and promotion of cell migration (chemotaxis).
  • CCR-3 CC-chemokine receptor-3
  • RANTES RANTES
  • MCP-3 and MCP-4 are known to recruit and activate eosinophils.
  • eotaxin and eotaxin-2 which specifically bind to CCR-3.
  • the localization and function of CCR-3 chemokines indicate that they play a central role in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma.
  • CCR- 3 is specifically expressed on all the major cell types involved in inflammatory allergic responses.
  • Chemokines that act at CCR-3 are generated in response to inflammatory stimuli and act to recruit these cell types to sites of inflammation, where they cause their activation (e.g. Griffiths et al., J. Exp. Med., 179, 881-887 (1994), Lloyd et al., J. Exp. Med., 191 , 265-273 (2000)).
  • anti-CCR-3 monoclonal antibodies completely inhibit eotaxin interaction with eosinophils (Heath, H. et al, J. Clin. Invest.
  • chemokines and their receptors also play a role in infectious disease.
  • Mammalian cytomegaloviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses express chemokine receptor homologues, which can be activated by human CC chemokines such as RANTES and MCP-3 receptors (for review see Wells and Schwartz, Curr. Opin. Biotech., 8, 741-748, 1997).
  • human chemokine receptors such as CXCR-4, CCR-5 and CCR-3, can act as co-receptors for the infection of mammalian cells by microbes such as human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).
  • chemokine receptor antagonists including CCR-3 antagonists, may be useful in blocking infection of CCR-3 expressing cells by HIV or in preventing the manipulation of immune cellular responses by viruses such as cytomegaloviruses.
  • WO 01/24786 discloses certain aryl and heteroaryl derivatives for treating diabetes.
  • WO 00/69830 discloses certain diazacyclic compounds, and libraries containing them, for biological screening.
  • WO 00/18767 discloses certain piperazine derivatives as dopamine D4 receptor antagonists.
  • United States Patent 6,031,097 and WO 99/21848 discloses certain aminoisoquinoline derivatives as dopamine receptor ligands.
  • WO 99/06384 discloses piperazine derivatives useful for the treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.
  • WO 98/56771 discloses certain piperazine derivatives as anti- inflammatory agents.
  • WO 97/47601 discloses certain fused heterocyclic compounds as dopamine D-receptor blocking agents.
  • WO 96/39386 discloses certain piperidine derivatives as neurokinin antagonists.
  • WO 96/02534 (Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabrik GmbH) discloses certain piperazine thiopyridines useful for controlling helicobacter bacteria.
  • WO 95/32196 (Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited) discloses certain piperazine, piperidine, and tetrahydropyridine derivatives as 5-HT1 D-alpha antagonists.
  • United States Patent 5,389,635 (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company) discloses certain substituted imadazoles as angiotensin-ll antagonists.
  • European Patent Application publication number 0 306 440 (Schering Aktiengesellschaft) discloses certain imidazole derivatives as cardiovascular agents.
  • CCR-3 antagonists A novel group of compounds has now been found which are CCR-3 antagonists. These compounds block the migration/chemotaxis of eosinophils and thus possess anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are therefore of potential therapeutic benefit, especially in providing protection from eosinophil, basophil mast cell and Th2-cell-induced tissue damage in diseases where such cell types are implicated, particularly allergic diseases, including but not limited to bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.
  • R 1 represents substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl
  • Y represents -(CR na R n b)n-;
  • R na and R nt> are each independently hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl; n is an integer from 1 to 5;
  • R 2 represents unsubstituted or substituted aryl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl
  • R 3 represents hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl; and salts and solvates thereof; with the provisos that;
  • R 1 is not oxazolyl; R 1 is not substituted by phenyl, and; the following compounds are excluded;
  • heteroaryl group examples include imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, isoxadiazolyl, isoxathiazolyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, tetrazolyl and pyrazolyl.
  • suitable substituents include C ⁇
  • heterocyclyl group examples include piperidinyl.
  • heteroaryl group examples include pyrazinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, thiadizolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl and thiophenyl.
  • R 1 is unsubstituted or substituted imidazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted oxadiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted thiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted thiophenyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxadiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxathiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyridinyl, unsubstituted or substituted furanyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted tetrazolyl and unsubstituted or substituted pyrazolyl.
  • R When R is substituted furanyl, suitable substituents include carboxy, d. 6 alkoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl, hydrazinocarbonyl, substituted heteroaryl, mono- and di ⁇ C ⁇ alky aminocarbonyl, C ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, and C 3 . ⁇ cycloalkylaminocarbonyl.
  • suitable substituents include d.
  • R 1 is substituted triazolyl
  • suitable substituents include C ⁇ alkyl and amino.
  • R 1 When R 1 is substituted oxadiazolyl, suitable substituents include ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl, amino, and mono- and di-(d ⁇ alkyl)aminocarbonyl.
  • R 1 is substituted thiazolyl
  • suitable substituents include d ⁇ alkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl.
  • R 1 When R 1 is substituted isoxadiazolyl, suitable substituents include d. 6 alkyl. When R 1 is substituted pyrazolyl, suitable substituents include amino, d.
  • R 1 When R 1 is substituted tetrazolyl, suitable substituents include unsubstituted heterocyclyl, for example piperidinyl, and ⁇ alkyl. When R 1 is substituted isoxazolyl, suitable substituents include d.
  • R 1 is 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrazol-5-yl, 3- (amino)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(acetamido)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(propionamido)pyrazol-5-yl, 3- (/so-propylcarbonylamino)pyrazol-5-yl, furan-2-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5- methylimidazol-1-yl, 5-(bromo)imidazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-1 ,3,4-triazol-2-yl, 3-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 4-(carboxy)furan-2- yl, 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl, 3-(tert-butyl)isoxazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 3- me
  • R na and R nb are both hydrogen.
  • n is 1 or 2.
  • R 3 is hydrogen.
  • R 2 is aryl
  • examples include phenyl.
  • R 2 is substituted aryl
  • suitable substituents include cyano, perhaloC ⁇ alkyl, amido, halo, C ⁇ alkyl, d-ealkoxycarbonyl, mono- and di-(d. 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, d ⁇ alkoxy, nitro, d-ealkylsulphonyl, hydroxy, d-ealkoxyd- 6 alkyl, C ⁇ alkylthio, mono- and-di-(d-6alkyl)amino, and Ci-ealkylcarbonylamino.
  • R 2 is heteroaryl
  • examples include thiophenyl.
  • R 2 is substituted heteroaryl
  • suitable substituents include cyano, perhalod-ealkyl, amido, halo, mono- and di-(d. 6 alkyl)aminocarbonyl, 6 alkyl, d_5alkylthio, mono- and-di-(C 1 ⁇ alkyl)amino, and C ⁇ alkylcarbonylamino.
  • R 2 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or unsubstituted or substituted thiophenyl.
  • R 2 is substituted phenyl suitable substituents include halo.
  • R 2 is substituted thiophenyl
  • suitable substituents include halo. More suitably, R 2 is phenyl substituted with chloro or fluoro, or thiophenyl substituted with chloro.
  • R 2 is 3-fluorophenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2- chlorothiophen-4-yl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl or 3,4-dichlorophenyl.
  • R 1 represents substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl
  • Y represents -(CR na Rnb)n-;
  • R na and R réelle b are each independently hydrogen or d ⁇ alkyl; n is an integer from 1 to 5;
  • R 2 represents unsubstituted or substituted aryl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl
  • R 3 represents hydrogen or d ⁇ alkyl; and salts and solvates thereof; with the provisos that;
  • R 1 is not oxazolyl; R 1 is not substituted by phenyl, and; the following compounds are excluded;
  • R 1' is unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, and; R 2' is phenyl substituted with halo.
  • R 1' is pyrazolyl substituted with thiophenyl, thiazolyl, formyl, d- 6 alkoxycarbonyl, C ⁇ alkyl, or perhaloC ⁇ alkyl; unsubstituted tetrazolyl or tetrazolyl substituted with piperidinyl or d ⁇ alkyl; or isoxazolyl substituted with d- 5 6 alkyl.
  • R 1' is 3-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(1-piperidinyl)tetrazol-2-yl, 5-(/so-propyl)tetrazol-2-yl, 2-methyltetrazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-3-(thiophen-2- yl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(/ ' so-propyl)tetrazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(piperidin-1-yl)tetrazol-1-yl, 1-methyltetrazol-5-yl, tetrazol-5-yl, 3- 10 (methyl)isoxazol-5-yl, 3-(formyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3-(methyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3,5- dimethylpyrazol-1-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrazol-1-yl, or 5-methylisoxazol-3
  • R 2 is phenyl substituted with chloro or fluoro.
  • R 2' is 3,4-dichlorophenyl or 3,4-difluorophenyl.
  • the stereochemistry at the position marked ' * ' is (S). 15 Accordingly, there is provided a compound of formula (I') or a salt or solvate thereof.
  • Suitable compounds of the invention are Examples 1 , 2, 3, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31 , 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 20 81 , 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 , 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, and 111.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention are Examples 1 , 2, 3, 19, 23, 27, 32, 34, 36, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 63, 64, 65, 67, 71 , 75, 76, 78, 80, 89, 91 , 93, 97, 102, 104, and 106.
  • 25 More preferred compounds of the invention are Examples 1 , 23, 32, 34,
  • Suitable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include physiologically acceptable salts and salts which may not be physiologically acceptable but may be useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and physiologically 30 acceptable salts thereof.
  • acid addition salts may be derived from inorganic or organic acids, for example hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, phosphates, acetates, benzoates, citrates, succinates, lactates, tartrates, fumarates, maleates, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoates, palmoates, methanesulphonates, formates or trifluoroacetates. 35 Examples of solvates include hydrates.
  • Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may contain chiral atoms and/or multiple bonds, and hence may exist in one or more stereoisomeric forms.
  • the present invention encompasses all of the stereoisomers of the compounds of formula (I), including geometric isomers and optical isomers, whether as 40 individual stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof including racemic modifications.
  • a compound of formula (I) is in the form of a single enantiomer or diastereoisomer.
  • Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may exist in one of several tautomeric forms. It will be understood that the present invention encompasses all of the tautomers of the compounds of formula (I) whether as individual tautomers or as mixtures thereof.
  • references to 'aryl' refer to monocyclic and bicyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example naphthyl and phenyl, especially phenyl.
  • Suitable substituents for any aryl group include 1 to 5, suitably 1 to 3, substituents selected from the list consisting of cyano, perhaloalkyl, amido, halo, alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, mono- and di-(alkyl)aminocarbonyl, alkoxy, nitro, alkylsulphonyl, hydroxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthio, mono- and-di-(alkyl)amino, and alkylcarbonylamino.
  • references to 'heteroaryl' refer to monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
  • heterocyclic aromatic rings examples include imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxadiazolyl, isoxathiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, and pyrazolyl especially imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, isoxadiazolyl, isoxathiazolyl, pyridinyl pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and isoxazolyl.
  • Suitable substituents for any heteroaryl group include 1 to 5, suitably 1 to 3, substituents selected from the list consisting of alkoxycarbonylamino; amino; carboxy; hydrazinocarbonyl; alkoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl; alkylsulphonylamino; alkylcarbonyl; aminocarbonyl; unsubstituted heterocyclyl; heterocyclyl substituted with alkyl, halo, alkoxy, or hydroxy; unsubstituted heteroaryl; heteroaryl substituted with alkyl, halo, alkoxy, or hydroxy; perhaloalkyl; alkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; mono- and di-(alkyl)aminocarbonyl; halo; alkoxy; nitro; alkylsulphonyl; hydroxy; alkoxyalkyl; alkylthio; mono- and-di- (alkyl)amino; cycloalkylaminocarbonyl
  • references to 'cycloalkyl' refer to saturated alicyclic rings suitably containing 3-8 carbon atoms. Suitable substituents for any cycloalkyl group include alkyl, halo, and hydroxy.
  • references to 'heterocyclyl' refer to monocyclic heterocyclic aliphatic rings containing 2 to 6, suitably 3 to 5, carbon atoms, and 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur.
  • heterocyclic rings include piperidinyl.
  • Suitable substituents for any heterocyclyl group include alkyl, halo, alkoxy, or hydroxy.
  • references to 'halogen' or 'halo' refer to iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro, especially fluoro and chloro.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and salts and solvates thereof may be prepared by the methodology described hereinafter, constituting a further aspect of this invention.
  • R 1 , Y, R 3 , and R 2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I) in the presence of an activating agent and a peptide coupling agent, and thereafter, if required, carrying out one or more of the following optional steps: (i) converting a compound of formula (I) to a further compound of formula (I); (ii) removing any necessary protecting group; (iii) preparing a salt or solvate of the compound so formed.
  • the activating agent is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT).
  • peptide coupling agents are 1 ,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC); 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) and 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, or a salt thereof.
  • the peptide coupling agent is 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
  • a suitable solvent such as a polar organic solvent, e.g. N,N- dimethylformamide are treated with a peptide coupling agent at ambient temperature, such as about 18 - 25 ° C.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for an appropriate time period, such as about 12 - 20 hours.
  • a compound of formula (III) wherein R 3 is hydrogen may be prepared either by Reaction (a) or Reaction (c).
  • the S-enantiomer of a compound of formula (III) may be prepared by Reaction (b).
  • Reaction (a) Reaction of the compound of formula (IV) with a compound of formula (V)
  • R 2 is as hereinbefore defined for formula (I) and A is a protected amino group, suitably phthalimido, followed by deprotection of the amino group to give a compound of formula (III) wherein R 3 is hydrogen i.e. a compound of formula (IIIR)
  • R 2 is as hereinbefore defined, and optionally resolution of the resulting enantiomers of a compound of formula (IIIR); or;
  • T is trifluoroacetyl
  • R 3 and R 2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I), and optionally resolution of the resulting enantiomers of a compound of formula (III).
  • the cyclisation of the intermediate diols (IIIBR) and (IIIBE) in the reaction between the compound of formula (IV) and a compound of formula (V) or (VA) is typically carried out under the Mitsunobu conditions as follows: Typically, a mixture of the compound of formula (IV) and the compound of formula (V) or formula (VA) in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, is stirred, suitably for 20-24 hours at a suitable temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, under an inert atmosphere, suitably an atmosphere of nitrogen. Further solvent is then added and the mixture cooled, suitably to 0- 5°C.
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
  • a suitable phosphine suitably triphenyl phosphine
  • a suitable azo compound suitably diisopropylazodicarboxylate
  • the mixture is allowed to stand for a period of time, suitably 2-3 hours, then allowed to warm, suitably to 20-25°C.
  • further phosphine and azo compound are added.
  • the reaction mixture is concentrated to near dryness.
  • a suitable alcohol suitably propan-2-ol
  • the concentration step repeated; the alcohol addition and concentration step is then repeated.
  • Further alcohol is then added and the mixture heated to a temperature suitably between 65-75°C.
  • a suitable period suitably 20-45 minutes
  • the resultant slurry is cooled, suitably to 20-25°C, and then allowed to stand, suitably for 1.5 - 3 hours, after which time the product is isolated by filtration.
  • the filter bed is washed with more alcohol and then dried in vacuo at 35-45°C to yield the protected form of the of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE) respectively.
  • the mixture was then heated at elevated temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, for a suitable period of time, suitably 20-24 hours, after which the reaction mixture was cooled to 20-25°C and then treated with a suitable apolar solvent, suitably dichloromethane.
  • a base suitably 0.880 ammonia solution, is then added dropwise, maintaining the temperature between 20-25°C.
  • A is as hereinbefore defined for formulae (V) and (VA) and R 2 is as hereinbefore defined for formula (I); is isolated.
  • a mixture of the compound of formula (IV) and a compound of formula (V) or formula (VA) in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran is stirred, suitably for 20-24 hours at a suitable temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, under an inert atmosphere, suitably an atmosphere of nitrogen.
  • a suitable temperature suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, under an inert atmosphere, suitably an atmosphere of nitrogen, for a suitable period of time, suitably 3-6 hours.
  • reaction mixture is then cooled, suitably to 20- 25°C, and the compound precipitated by means of addition of a suitable co- solvent, suitably diisopropyl ether.
  • a suitable co- solvent suitably diisopropyl ether.
  • the compound of formula (IIIBR) or formula (IIIBE) respectively is isolated by filtration, washed with further co-solvent and dried in vacuo.
  • a protected form of the compound of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE) may then be prepared from a compound of formula (IIIBR) or formula (IIIBE) under similar conditions to that of the reaction between a compound of formula (IV) and formulae (V) or (VA) as hereinbefore described, but omitting the reflux period prior to the addition of the phosphine and azo compounds.
  • Reaction (c) is typically carried out by stirring a solution of the compound of formula (VI) in a suitable solvent, for example a mixture of methanol and water, and adding a suitable base, for example potassium carbonate.
  • the mixture is stirred at a suitable temperature, for example those in the range 20- 25°C for a suitable time, for example 16-20 hours followed by removal of the organic solvent in vacuo.
  • a suitable temperature for example those in the range 20- 25°C for a suitable time, for example 16-20 hours followed by removal of the organic solvent in vacuo.
  • Water is then added and the mixture extracted with a suitable organic solvent, for example ethyl acetate.
  • the combined organic phases are washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution before drying over a suitable drying agent, for example sodium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo.
  • the crude product is then purified by flash chromatography.
  • the resolution of the compound of formula (HIE) from the racemic product i.e. the compound of formula (IIIR) may be undertaken using techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example preparative chiral high performance liquid chromatography (chiral HPLC) or by fractional crystallisation of diastereoisomeric salts.
  • a compound of formula (VI) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (VII) with a compound of formula (VIII)
  • T, R 3 and R 2 are as hereinbefore defined and L 2 is a leaving group.
  • a suitable leaving group, L 2 is a halo group such as chloro.
  • the reaction between a compound of formula (VII) and a compound of formula (VIII) is typically carried out by stirring a solution of the compound of formula (VII) in a suitable solvent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, under an inert atmosphere, for example an atmosphere of nitrogen, with the addition of a suitable base, for example potassium carbonate, and a suitable activating agent such as sodium iodide.
  • a solution of a compound of formula (VIII) in a suitable solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide is added dropwise to the mixture.
  • the mixture is then stirred at a suitable temperature, for example a temperature in the range of 20-25°C, for a suitable period of time, for example 16-20 hours before removing the volatile components in vacuo.
  • a suitable temperature for example a temperature in the range of 20-25°C
  • a suitable period of time for example 16-20 hours before removing the volatile components in vacuo.
  • the residue is partitioned between a suitable organic solvent, for example dichloromethane, and a saturated aqueous base, for example saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution.
  • the organic phase is then washed with additional saturated aqueous base and water before drying over a suitable drying agent, for example magnesium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo to yield the crude product.
  • the crude product is purified by flash chromatography.
  • a compound of formula (VII) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (IX) with a compound of formula (X);
  • R 3 and T are as hereinbefore defined and R x is an alkyl group, suitably ethyl.
  • the reaction between a compound of formula (IX) and a compound of formula (X) is typically carried out by stirring a solution of a compound of formula (IX) in a suitable organic solvent, for example methanol, under an inert atmosphere, for example an atmosphere nitrogen, and then adding a solution of a compound of formula (X) in a suitable organic solvent, for example ether.
  • a suitable organic solvent for example methanol
  • the mixture is then stirred for a suitable period of time, for example 20-40 minutes at a suitable temperature, for example a temperature in the range of 20-25°C and the volatile components removed in vacuo.
  • the residue is then dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example methanol, and the volatile components removed in vacuo.
  • (XII) is an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl group
  • L 2 is a leaving group
  • R 3 and R 2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I), and thereafter, if required, carrying out one or more of the following optional steps:
  • Suitable leaving groups are halo groups, preferably bromo.
  • the reaction between a compound of formula (XII) and a compound of formula (XIII) will be conducted in a suitable organic solvent, such as for example dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide of a mixture thereof, suitably at ambient temperature, e.g. 18 - 25 ' C for an appropriate time period, e.g. 4 - 10h.
  • a suitable base such as an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, e.g. potassium carbonate, is then added.
  • a compound of formula (XIII) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (III) with a compound of formula (XIV)
  • L 2 is as hereinbefore defined for formula (XIII), in the presence of a peptide coupling reagent.
  • peptide coupling agents are 1 ,3- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC); 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, or a salt thereof.
  • the peptide coupling agent is 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
  • reaction between a compound of formula (III) and a compound of formula (XIV) is conducted at low temperature, e.g. 0 - 5°C, in a suitable organic solvent such as a haloalkane e.g.dichloromethane, for a suitable time period e.g. 20 - 60 mins.
  • a suitable organic solvent such as a haloalkane e.g.dichloromethane
  • the above mentioned conversion of a compound of formula (I) into another compound of formula (I) includes any conversion which may be effected using conventional procedures, but in particular the said conversions include converting one group R 1 into another group R 1 .
  • Suitable protecting groups in any of the above mentioned reactions are those used conventionally in the art.
  • the methods of formation and removal of such protecting groups are those conventional methods appropriate to the molecule being protected, for example those methods discussed in standard reference texts of synthetic methodology such as P J Kocienski, Protecting Groups, (1994), Thieme.
  • the absolute stereochemistry of compounds may be determined using conventional methods, such as X-ray crystallography.
  • the salts and solvates of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared and isolated according to conventional procedures.
  • Compounds of the invention may be tested for in vitro biological activity in accordance with the following assays: (a) CCR-3 Binding Assay
  • a CCR-3 competition binding SPA was used to assess the affinity of novel compounds for CCR-3.
  • Membranes prepared from K562 cells stably expressing CCR-3 (2.5 ⁇ g/well) were mixed with 0.25mg/well wheat-germ agglutinin SPA beads (Amersham) and incubated in binding buffer (HEPES 50 mM, CaCI 2 1 mM, MgCI 2 5 mM, 0.5% BSA) at 4°C for 1.5 hr.
  • the compounds of the Examples were tested in the CCR-3 binding assay.
  • the compounds of the Examples tested in the CCR-3 binding assay possessed plC 50 values in the range 5.5 - 8.6.
  • Eosinophils were purified from human peripheral blood by standard CD16 cell depletion using a Miltenyi cell separation column and a magnetic Super Macs magnet as previously described (Motegi & Kita, 1998;
  • the agonist eotaxin (an EC 8 o concentration) was added to the lower chamber of a 96 well chemotaxis plate (5 ⁇ m filter: Receptor Technologies). Eosinophils (50 ⁇ l of 2 million/ml cells) were added to the top chamber of the filter plate and incubated at 37°C for 45 mins. Cells remaining on top of the chemotaxis filter were removed and the number of eosinophils which had migrated were quantified by reading the plate on a fluorescent plate reader. Inhibition curves for the effect of compounds on eosinophil chemotaxis were analysed by fitting the data with a four parameter logistic equation. Functional pKj values (fpKj) were generated using the equation below (Lazareno & Birdsall, 1995. Br.J. Pharmacol 109: 1110- 9).
  • the compounds of the Examples were tested in the CCR-3 binding and/or eosinophil chemotaxis assays (assays (a) and (b)).
  • the compounds of the Examples tested in the CCR-3 binding assay possessed plC50 values in the range 6.6 - 9.1.
  • the compounds of the Examples tested in the CCR-3 eosinophil chemotaxis assay possessed fpKi values such as those given in the table below:
  • diseases of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis (including chronic bronchitis), bronchiectasis, asthma (including allergen-induced asthmatic reactions), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, sinusitis and rhinitis.
  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as intestinal inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and intestinal inflammatory diseases secondary to radiation exposure or allergen exposure.
  • compounds of the invention may be used to treat nephritis; skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, allergic dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions; and diseases of the central nervous system which have an inflammatory component (eg. Alzheimer's disease, meningitis, multiple sclerosis), HIV and AIDS dementia.
  • skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, allergic dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions
  • diseases of the central nervous system which have an inflammatory component (eg. Alzheimer's disease, meningitis, multiple sclerosis), HIV and AIDS dementia.
  • Compounds of the present invention may also be of use in the treatment of nasal polyposis, conjunctivitis or pruritis.
  • cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
  • Compounds of the invention may be useful as immunosuppressive agents and so have use in the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as allograft tissue rejection after transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes.
  • Compounds of the invention may also be useful in inhibiting metastasis.
  • Diseases of principal interest include asthma, COPD and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract involving seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use as an active therapeutic agent.
  • a compound of formula (I), or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, e.g. asthma or rhinitis.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis.
  • a method for the treatment of a human or animal subject suffering from or susceptible to an inflammatory condition e.g. asthma or rhinitis comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • the compounds according to the invention may be formulated for administration in any convenient way.
  • composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
  • the compounds according to the invention may, for example, be formulated for oral, inhaled, intranasal, buccal, parenteral or rectal administration, preferably for oral administration.
  • Tablets and capsules for oral administration may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of starch, cellulose or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; fillers, for example, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, maize- starch, calcium phosphate or sorbitol; lubricants, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example, potato starch, croscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycollate; or wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in the art.
  • Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example, sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose, glucose/sugar syrup, gelatin, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, propylene glycol or ethyl alcohol; or preservatives, for example, methyl or propyl p_- hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid.
  • the preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavouring, colouring and/or sweeten
  • the compounds may also be formulated as suppositories, e.g. containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
  • the compounds according to the invention may also be formulated for parenteral administration by bolus injection or continuous infusion and may be presented in unit dose form, for instance as ampoules, vials, small volume infusions or pre-filled syringes, or in multidose containers with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as anti-oxidants, buffers, antimicrobial agents and/or tonicity adjusting agents.
  • the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
  • the dry solid presentation may be prepared by filling a sterile powder aseptically into individual sterile containers or by filling a sterile solution aseptically into each container and freeze-drying.
  • compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic agents, for example anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, e.g. fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone acetonide or budesonide; or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) eg.
  • corticosteroids e.g. fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone acetonide or budesonide
  • NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • beta adrenergic agents such as salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol or terbutaline and salts thereof; or antiinfective agents e.g. antibiotic agents and antiviral agents.
  • Compounds of the invention may conveniently be administered in amounts of, for example, 0.001 to 500mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.01 to 500mg/kg body weight, more preferably 0.01 to 100mg/kg body weight, and at any appropriate frequency e.g. 1 to 4 times daily.
  • the precise dosing regimen will of course depend on factors such as the therapeutic indication, the age and condition of the patient, and the particular route of administration chosen.
  • the word 'comprise', and variations such as 'comprises' and 'comprising' will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers but not to the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
  • Mass Directed Automated Preparative HPLC column, conditions and eluent Mass directed automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography was carried out using an LCABZ+ 5 ⁇ m (5cm x 10mm internal diameter) column, employing gradient elution using two solvent systems, (A) 0.1% formic acid in water, and (B) 95% acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid in water, at a flow rate of
  • Mass spectrometry was carried out using a VG Platform Mass Spectrometer, with an HP1100 Diode Array Detector and Accurate Flow Splitter.
  • This system used an 3 ⁇ m ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1%v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 3 ml per minute.
  • the following gradient protocol was used: 100% A for OJmins; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 - 100% B over 3.5mins; hold at 100%B for 1.1 mins; return to 100% A over 0.2mins. 5
  • the LC/MS system used a micromass spectrometer, with electrospray ionisation mode, positive and negative ion switching, mass range 80-1000 a.m.u. Thermospray Mass Spectra
  • Thermospray Mass Spectra were determined on a HP 5989A engine mass spectrometer, +ve thermospray, source temperature 250°C, probe temperatures
  • Solid phase extraction (ion exchange) 'SCX' refers to Isolute Flash SCX-2 sulphonic acid solid phase extraction
  • 'Hydrophobic frit' refers to a Whatman polypropylene filter tube fitted with a PTFE frit, pore size 5.0 ⁇ m.
  • Description 17 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Description 3.
  • tert-Butyl(diethylphosphono)acetate (1.65g) in THF (5ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.262g) in THF (5ml) stirred at 0°C under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45mins then re-cooled using an ice bath. A solution of ethyl 5-formylfuran 3-carboxylate (1.0g) in THF (10ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. The stirred mixture was heated to 60°C for 2hr then left at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into 1 :1 ethyl acetate/5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (100ml), was shaken, and the layers separated.
  • the solution was then diluted with dichloromethane (30ml) and washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (30ml) and dilute aqueous sodium chloride (2 x 30ml).
  • the organic phase was separated using three hydrophobic frits (12ml) and drained directly onto an SCX (10g) ion exchange cartridge, which had been pre-treated with methanol and which was then eluted with methanol and 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol.
  • Example 33 N-r4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyl12-pyridin-3-yl- acetamide; compound with formic acid
  • Example 84 N-f(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyl1-3-r2-(5- methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-v ⁇ propionamide; compound with formic acid
  • the organic phase was separated using a hydrophobic frit and applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol). Four column volumes of methanol were eluted and discarded. Two column volumes of 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol was eluted, collected and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen to give a brown gum. The gum was further purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after evaporation of the solvents under a stream of nitrogen, the title compound (O.OO ⁇ g) as a colourless film.
  • 3,5-Dimethyl-4-formyl phenoxyethoxymethyl polystyrene aldehyde resin (1.Og @ 0.9mmol/g loading) was swollen with the minimum quantity of a solution of 1% acetic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide to form a slurry.
  • a solution of Description 3 (0.969g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml) was added and the mixture shaken at room temperature for 100 min.
  • a solution of 1% acetic acid in N,N- dimethylformamide (10ml) was added, followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.333g).
  • reaction was shaken for 20 min before a further portion of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.30g) was added and the reaction shaken at room temperature for a further 18 hrs.
  • the reaction solution was removed by filtration and the resin washed with N,N-dimethylformamide (5 x 10ml), methanol (5 x 10ml), dichloromethane (5 x 10ml) and diethyl ether (3 x 10ml) before being dried in vacuo. A portion of the resin (0.1 Og) was swollen with dichloromethane and then drained.
  • a solution of potassium- terf-butoxide (50mg) and 4-bromo-1 H-imidazole (0.132g) in N,N- dimethylformamide (1ml) was prepared and stirred for 5 min before this was added to the resin.
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 60°C and shaken for 18 hrs.
  • the reaction solution was removed by filtration and the resin washed with N,N-dimethylformamide (5 x 1ml), methanol (5 x 1ml) and dichloromethane (5 x 1 ml).
  • a 1 :1 solution of trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (1 ml) was added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 90 min, before the reaction solution was collected by filtration.
  • the gum was purified on a 20g SPE cartridge, eluting initially with ethyl acetate and then with a (100:1 ) mixture of ethyl acetate/methanol. The product containg fractions were evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.032g) as a pale brown gum.
  • Example 10 A stirred solution of Example 10 (0.038g) in dichloromethane (1.5ml) and methanol (0.5ml) was treated dropwise at room temperature with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (0.22ml of 10% solution in hexane). After 2 hours stirring at room temperature, acetic acid (0.1ml) was added and the solvent evaporated under a stream of nitrogen to dryness. The residue was loaded onto an SCX (2g) ion exchange cartridge, which had been pre-treated with methanol and which was then eluted with methanol and 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol.
  • SCX (2g) ion exchange cartridge which had been pre-treated with methanol and which was then eluted with methanol and 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol.
  • Example 59 (0.036g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml) was added N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.035ml) and propanoyl chloride (0.0086ml), and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 5h.
  • the mixture was applied directly to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (1g, Isolute SCX), and eluted with methanol followed by 10% 880 ammonia in methanol. The methanol/ammonia fraction was evaporated to give the crude product. Purification by mass-directed preparative HPLC gave the title compound (0.0061g).
  • Example 100 2-(3-Acetylamino-isoxazol-5-yl)-N-r(2S)-4-(3.4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyllacetamide; compound with formic acid
  • Example 98 To a solution of Example 98 (0.050g) in anhydrous dichloromethane (3.5ml) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.033ml) and acetyl chloride (0.0135ml). After stirring for 3hrs at 20°C, further N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.022ml) and acetyl chloride (0.009ml) were added. The mixture was stirred at 20°C overnight before the solvent was removed under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was diluted with ethanol (4ml) and had 0.880 ammonia (0.1 ml) added to it before stirring at 20°C for 20mins.
  • Example 77 5-((f(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzvnmorpholin-2- ylmethyllcarbamoyl)methyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid; compound with triethyl-amine
  • Example 75 To a solution of Example 75 (0.222g) in methanol (3ml) was added 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.488ml) and water (3ml). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 0.5h before being left to stand overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a gum, which was re-dissolved in water and the pH of the solution was adjusted to pH7 by the addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture was applied onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (10g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge was eluted with water (x3) followed by 5% triethylamine in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and the solvent removed under a stream of nitrogen to give the title compound as a light brown gum (0.223g).
  • Example 75 To a solution of Example 75 (0.0642g) in ethanol (2ml) was added acetamidoxime (0.052g) (prepared according to Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1986), 29(11 ), 2174-83) in ethanol (2ml). The suspension was treated with activated 4A powdered molecular sieves (0.240g) and stirred for 5mins. To the suspension was added 21% sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.104ml) and the mixture heated at reflux for 4J5hrs. The mixture was cooled and allowed to stand overnight at room temperature.
  • Example 77 To a solution of Example 77 (0.084g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3ml) was added 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.030g), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.0525g). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 10mins before tert-butylcarbazide (0.0226g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.0596ml) were added and the mixture stirred for a further 30mins at 20°C before being left to stand overnight.
  • Example 30 To a solution of Example 30 (0.0655g) in methanol (4ml) was added 4.0M HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (1ml) and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 3hrs. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue re-dissolved in methanol and applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol). The cartridge was eluted with methanol (x3) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless glass (0.0532g).
  • Example 48 N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyll-2-f5-(5- methyl-f1.3,4loxadiazol-2-yl)furan-2-yllacetamide
  • Example 46 A solution of Example 46 (0.0312g) in triethylorthoacetate (0.22ml) was heated in a 'Reacti-vial' at 160°C for 21 hrs. The mixture was diluted with methanol and directly applied onto a sulphonic acid ion exhange cartridge (5g Isolute SCX, pre- washed with methanol). The cartridge was eluted with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol and the first basic fraction concentrated in vacuo. The residue was further purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after removal of the solvent in vacuo, the title compound as a colourless gum (0.0117g).
  • a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.102g) in anhydrous methanol (3ml) was prepared and a portion of the solution (0.142ml) added to ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride (0.015g). After stirring the mixture for 2min and leaving to stand for a further 5min, the supernatant of the mixture was transferred by syringe to a 'Reacti-vial' charged with Example 46 (0.0532g). The mixture was heated to 90°C for 3hrs before cooling to room temperature and concentrating under a stream of nitrogen. The concentrated mixture was purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a colouriless gum.
  • the gum was further purified by dissolving in dichloromethane and applying the solution to a silica solid phase extraction cartridge (0.5g, Varian Bondelut, pre- washed with dichloromethane) eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone and methanol.
  • the solvent was evaporated from the acetone fractions in vacuo and the residue further purified by BiotageTM flash chromatography on silica gel (8g cartridge), eluting with 100:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution.
  • the solvents were evaporated from the required combined fractions to give the title compound as a colourless gum (0.0051 g).
  • Example 27 5-(2-(r(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzvnmorpholin-2- ylmethyl1carbamoyl)ethyl)-H ,2,41oxadiazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide; compound with formic acid
  • Description 8 (0.016g) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml) was added Description 56 (0.0275g).
  • Description 56 (0.0275g)
  • 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (0.0107g)
  • N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.024ml)
  • 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.015g).
  • the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 17h.
  • the mixture was applied onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge eluted with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol.
  • Example 90 N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzyl)morpho1in-2-ylmethyll-2-r4-methyl-2- (5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-5-v ⁇ acetamide; compound with formic acid
  • Synthetic Method D was used for the preparation of Examples 61 , 65, and 63.
  • Synthetic Method E was used for the preparation of Examples 102, 104, 106,
  • Synthetic Method F was used for the preparation of Examples 22 and 77.
  • Synthetic Method H was used for the preparation of Example 67, 71 , and 69.
  • Synthetic Method J was used for the preparation of Examples 59 and 46.
  • Synthetic Method K was used for the preparation of Example 48.
  • Synthetic Method L was used for the preparation of Example 78.

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Abstract

Certain compounds of formula (I): wherein: R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; Y represents -(CRnaRnb)n-; Rna and Rnb are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; n is an integer from 1 to 5;R2 represents unsubstituted or substituted aryl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; R3 represents hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;and salts and solvates thereof are CCR-3 antagonists and are thus indicated to be useful in therapy.

Description

ANTI -INFLAMMATORY MORPHOLIN-ACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Novel Compounds
This invention relates to novel compounds, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical formulations containing them and their use in therapy.
Inflammation is a primary response to tissue injury or microbial invasion and is characterised by leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, diapedesis and activation within the tissue. Leukocyte activation can result in the generation of toxic oxygen species (such as superoxide anion), and the release of granule products (such as peroxidases and proteases). Circulating leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Different forms of inflammation involve different types of infiltrating leukocytes, the particular profile being regulated by the profile of adhesion molecule, cytokine and chemotactic factor expression within the tissue. The primary function of leukocytes is to defend the host from invading organisms, such as bacteria and parasites. Once a tissue is injured or infected, a series of events occurs which causes the local recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation into the affected tissue. Leukocyte recruitment is controlled to allow for the orderly destruction and phagocytosis of foreign or dead cells, followed by tissue repair and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. However in chronic inflammatory states, recruitment is often inappropriate, resolution is not adequately controlled and the inflammatory reaction causes tissue destruction.
There is increasing evidence that the bronchial inflammation which is characteristic of asthma represents a specialised form of cell-mediated immunity, in which cytokine products, such as IL-4 and IL-5 released by T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, orchestrate the accumulation and activation of granulocytes, in particular eosinophils and to a lesser extent basophils. Through the release of cytotoxic basic proteins, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxygen radicals, eosinophils generate mucosal damage and initiate mechanisms that underlie bronchial hyperreactivity. Therefore, blocking the recruitment and activation of Th2 cells and eosinophils is likely to have anti-inflammatory properties in asthma. In addition, eosinophils have been implicated in other disease types such as rhinitis, eczema, irritable bowel syndrome and parasitic infections.
Chemokines are a large family of small proteins which are involved in trafficking and recruitment of leukocytes (for review see Luster, New Eng. J. Med., 338, 436-445 (1998)). They are released by a wide variety of cells and act to attract and activate various cell types, including eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes. There are two major families of chemokines, CXC- (α) and CC- (β) chemokines, classified according to the spacing of two conserved cysteine residues near to the amino terminus of the chemokine proteins. Chemokines bind to specific cell surface receptors belonging to the family of G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane-domain proteins (for review see Luster, 1998). Activation of chemokine receptors results in, amongst other responses, an increase in intracellular calcium, changes in cell shape, increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules, degranulation and promotion of cell migration (chemotaxis).
To date a number of CC chemokine receptors have been identified and of particular importance to the current invention is the CC-chemokine receptor-3 (CCR-3), which is predominantly expressed on eosinophils, and also on basophils, mast cells and Th2 cells. Chemokines that act at CCR-3, such as RANTES, MCP-3 and MCP-4, are known to recruit and activate eosinophils. Of particular interest are eotaxin and eotaxin-2, which specifically bind to CCR-3. The localization and function of CCR-3 chemokines indicate that they play a central role in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma. Thus, CCR- 3 is specifically expressed on all the major cell types involved in inflammatory allergic responses. Chemokines that act at CCR-3 are generated in response to inflammatory stimuli and act to recruit these cell types to sites of inflammation, where they cause their activation (e.g. Griffiths et al., J. Exp. Med., 179, 881-887 (1994), Lloyd et al., J. Exp. Med., 191 , 265-273 (2000)). In addition, anti-CCR-3 monoclonal antibodies completely inhibit eotaxin interaction with eosinophils (Heath, H. et al, J. Clin. Invest. 99 (2), 178-184 (1997)), while an antibody for the CCR-3 specific chemokine, eotaxin, reduced both bronchial hyperreactivity and lung eosinophilia in an animal model of asthma (Gonzalo et al., J. Exp. Med., 188, 157-167 (1998). Thus, many lines of evidence indicate that antagonists at the CCR-3 receptor are very likely to be of therapeutic use for the treatment of a range of inflammatory conditions.
In addition to a key role in inflammatory disorders, chemokines and their receptors also play a role in infectious disease. Mammalian cytomegaloviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses express chemokine receptor homologues, which can be activated by human CC chemokines such as RANTES and MCP-3 receptors (for review see Wells and Schwartz, Curr. Opin. Biotech., 8, 741-748, 1997). In addition, human chemokine receptors, such as CXCR-4, CCR-5 and CCR-3, can act as co-receptors for the infection of mammalian cells by microbes such as human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Thus, chemokine receptor antagonists, including CCR-3 antagonists, may be useful in blocking infection of CCR-3 expressing cells by HIV or in preventing the manipulation of immune cellular responses by viruses such as cytomegaloviruses.
International Patent Application publication number WO 01/24786 (Shionogi & Co. Ltd.) discloses certain aryl and heteroaryl derivatives for treating diabetes. WO 00/69830 (Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies) discloses certain diazacyclic compounds, and libraries containing them, for biological screening. WO 00/18767 (Neurogen Corporation) discloses certain piperazine derivatives as dopamine D4 receptor antagonists. United States Patent 6,031,097 and WO 99/21848 (Neurogen Corporation) discloses certain aminoisoquinoline derivatives as dopamine receptor ligands. WO 99/06384 (Recordati Industria Chimica) discloses piperazine derivatives useful for the treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. WO 98/56771 (Schering Aktiengesellschaft) discloses certain piperazine derivatives as anti- inflammatory agents. WO 97/47601 (Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.) discloses certain fused heterocyclic compounds as dopamine D-receptor blocking agents. WO 96/39386 (Schering Corporation) discloses certain piperidine derivatives as neurokinin antagonists. WO 96/02534 (Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabrik GmbH) discloses certain piperazine thiopyridines useful for controlling helicobacter bacteria. WO 95/32196 (Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited) discloses certain piperazine, piperidine, and tetrahydropyridine derivatives as 5-HT1 D-alpha antagonists. United States Patent 5,389,635 (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company) discloses certain substituted imadazoles as angiotensin-ll antagonists. European Patent Application publication number 0 306 440 (Schering Aktiengesellschaft) discloses certain imidazole derivatives as cardiovascular agents.
A novel group of compounds has now been found which are CCR-3 antagonists. These compounds block the migration/chemotaxis of eosinophils and thus possess anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are therefore of potential therapeutic benefit, especially in providing protection from eosinophil, basophil mast cell and Th2-cell-induced tissue damage in diseases where such cell types are implicated, particularly allergic diseases, including but not limited to bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.
Thus, according to one aspect of the invention, there are provided compounds of formula (I):
Figure imgf000004_0001
wherein:
R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; Y represents -(CRnaRnb)n-;
Rna and Rnt> are each independently hydrogen or C^alkyl; n is an integer from 1 to 5;
R2 represents unsubstituted or substituted aryl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
R3 represents hydrogen or C^alkyl; and salts and solvates thereof; with the provisos that;
R1 is not oxazolyl; R1 is not substituted by phenyl, and; the following compounds are excluded;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1 H-
-indol-3-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-thien-3-ylacetamide; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-
-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide;
2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yljmethyljacetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4- -y acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-furyl)acetamide;
2-(3-acetyl-1-benzothien-4-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yl]methyl}acetamide trifluoroacetate;
2-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- -yl]methyl}acetamide compound with formic acid (1 :1);
N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-furyl)acetamide;
2-(4-bromo-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yl]methyl}acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4- -yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(2,3-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide; N-({4-[(5-chlorothien-2-yl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1,3-
-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3-chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3- -thiazol-4-yl)acetamide; methyl 2-[2-({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-
-2H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-
-yl)acetamide; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetraazol-2-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-pyridin-3-yl-2H-tetraazol-2-
-yl)acetamide; methyl 1-[2-({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]- -1 H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate compound with methyl 1-[2-({[4-(3,4-
-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-1 H-1 ,2,3-
-benzotriazole-6-carboxylate (1 :1 );
N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-yl-
-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide, and; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2,3-dimethylquinoxalin-6-
-yl)acetamide.
Examples of the heteroaryl group, R1, include imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, isoxadiazolyl, isoxathiazolyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, tetrazolyl and pyrazolyl. When R1 is substituted heteroaryl, suitable substituents include C^
6alkoxycarbonylamino; amino; carboxy; hydrazinocarbonyl; d.
6alkoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl; d^alkylsulphonylamino; d^alkylcarbonyl; aminocarbonyl; unsubstituted heterocyclyl; heterocyclyl substituted with d-βalkyl, halo, C^alkoxy, or hydroxy; unsubstituted heteroaryl; heteroaryl substituted with C^alkyl, halo, d^alkoxy, or hydroxy; perhaloC^alkyl; d-βalkyl; d-
6alkoxycarbonyl; mono- and d C^alky aminocarbonyl; halo; d-ealkoxy; nitro;
Cι.6alkylsulphonyl; hydroxy; C^alkoxyC^alkyl; d-ealkylthio; mono- and-di-(C1.
6alkyl)amino; cycloalkylaminocarbonyl; formyl; and C^alkylcarbonylamino. When R1 is substituted by unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl, examples of said heterocyclyl group include piperidinyl.
When R1 is substituted by unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, examples of said heteroaryl group include pyrazinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, thiadizolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl and thiophenyl.
Suitably, R1 is unsubstituted or substituted imidazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted oxadiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted thiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted thiophenyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxadiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxathiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyridinyl, unsubstituted or substituted furanyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted tetrazolyl and unsubstituted or substituted pyrazolyl. When R is substituted furanyl, suitable substituents include carboxy, d. 6alkoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl, hydrazinocarbonyl, substituted heteroaryl, mono- and di^C^alky aminocarbonyl, C^alkoxycarbonyl, and C3. βcycloalkylaminocarbonyl. When R1 is substituted imidazolyl, suitable substituents include d.
6alkoxycarbonyl and halo.
When R1 is substituted triazolyl, suitable substituents include C^alkyl and amino.
When R1 is substituted oxadiazolyl, suitable substituents include ^alkyl, C^alkoxycarbonyl, amino, and mono- and di-(d^alkyl)aminocarbonyl.
When R1 is substituted thiazolyl, suitable substituents include d^alkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl.
When R1 is substituted isoxadiazolyl, suitable substituents include d. 6alkyl. When R1 is substituted pyrazolyl, suitable substituents include amino, d.
6alkylcarbonylamino, d^alkyl, perhaloC^alkyl, C^alkoxycarbonyl, formyl, and unsubstituted heteroaryl.
When R1 is substituted tetrazolyl, suitable substituents include unsubstituted heterocyclyl, for example piperidinyl, and ^alkyl. When R1 is substituted isoxazolyl, suitable substituents include d.
6alkoxy, amino, d^alkylcarbonylamino, and d^alkyl.
More suitably, R1 is 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrazol-5-yl, 3- (amino)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(acetamido)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(propionamido)pyrazol-5-yl, 3- (/so-propylcarbonylamino)pyrazol-5-yl, furan-2-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5- methylimidazol-1-yl, 5-(bromo)imidazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-1 ,3,4-triazol-2-yl, 3-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 4-(carboxy)furan-2- yl, 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl, 3-(tert-butyl)isoxazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 3- methoxyisoxazol-5-yl, 4-methylthiazol-5-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-3- yl, 3-methylisoxadiazol-4-yl, isoxathiazol-5-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 2- methylthiazol-4-yl, 5-(tert-butoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-
(hydrazinocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(3-methyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)furan-2-yl, 5-(2- methyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl)furan-2-yl, 3-amino-2-methyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-amino- 1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-amino-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrazol-1 - yl, 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(methylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2- (ethoxycarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(ethylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(/'so- propylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(cyclopropylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2- (cyclopropylmethylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(5-methyl-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl)furan-2-yl, 3-(methylaminocarbonyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3- (ethylaminocarbonyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-(/so-propylaminocarbonyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl, 2-chlorothiophen-4-yl, 3-aminoisoxazol-5-yl, 3-acetamidoisoxazol- 5-yl, 3-propionamidoisoxazol-5-yl, 3-(/so-propylcarbonylamino)isoxazol-5-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(methoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4-(/so- propylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4-(ethylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4- (methylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(ethylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5- (methylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(/so-propylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, furan-2-yl, 2-(5-methylisoxazol-3- yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(1-methylimidazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(4-methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazol- 5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 5-methyl-2-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 5-methyl-2-(1 - methylimidazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(4-methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazoI-5-yl)-5- methylthiazol-4-yl, 2-(1-methylimidazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 4-methyl-2-(5- methylisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl, 4-methyl-2-(5-methylisoxazol-5-yl)thiazol-5-yl, 3- (thiophen-2-yl)-4-(methyl)pyrazol-1 -yl, 5-(/'so-propyl)tetrazol-1 -yl, 5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-l-yl, 3-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(piperidin-1-yl)tetrazol- 2-yl, 5-(piperidin-1-yl)tetrazol-1-yl, 1-(methyl)tetrazol-5-yl, tetrazol-5-yl, 5- (methyl)isoxazol-3-yl, 5-(/so-propyl)tetrazol-2-yl, 2-(methyl)tetrazol-5-yl, 3- (methyl)isoxazol-5-yl, 3-(formyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3-(methyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3,5- dimethylpyrazol-1-yl, or 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrazol-1-yl.
Suitably, Rna and Rnb are both hydrogen.
Suitably, n is 1 or 2. Suitably, R3 is hydrogen.
When R2 is aryl, examples include phenyl.
When R2 is substituted aryl, suitable substituents include cyano, perhaloC^alkyl, amido, halo, C^alkyl, d-ealkoxycarbonyl, mono- and di-(d. 6alkyl)aminocarbonyl, d^alkoxy, nitro, d-ealkylsulphonyl, hydroxy, d-ealkoxyd- 6alkyl, C^alkylthio, mono- and-di-(d-6alkyl)amino, and Ci-ealkylcarbonylamino.
When R2 is heteroaryl, examples include thiophenyl.
When R2 is substituted heteroaryl, suitable substituents include cyano, perhalod-ealkyl, amido, halo,
Figure imgf000008_0001
mono- and di-(d. 6alkyl)aminocarbonyl,
Figure imgf000008_0002
6alkyl, d_5alkylthio, mono- and-di-(C1^alkyl)amino, and C^alkylcarbonylamino.
Suitably, R2 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or unsubstituted or substituted thiophenyl.
When R2 is substituted phenyl suitable substituents include halo.
When R2 is substituted thiophenyl suitable substituents include halo. More suitably, R2 is phenyl substituted with chloro or fluoro, or thiophenyl substituted with chloro.
Preferably, R2 is 3-fluorophenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2- chlorothiophen-4-yl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl or 3,4-dichlorophenyl.
A group of compounds of formula (I) which may be mentioned is that of formula (I"):
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein: R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
Y represents -(CRnaRnb)n-;
Rna and R„b are each independently hydrogen or d^alkyl; n is an integer from 1 to 5;
R2 represents unsubstituted or substituted aryl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
R3 represents hydrogen or d^alkyl; and salts and solvates thereof; with the provisos that;
R1 is not oxazolyl; R1 is not substituted by phenyl, and; the following compounds are excluded;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-
-indol-3-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-thien-3-ylacetamide; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyi)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-1 -phenyl-1 H-
-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide;
2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yl]methyl}acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4- -yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-furyl)acetamide;
2-(3-acetyl-1-benzothien-4-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yl]methyl}acetamide trifluoroacetate;
2-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- -yl]methyl}acetamide compound with formic acid (1 :1);
N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-furyl)acetamide;
2-(4-bromo-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yl]methyl}acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4- -yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(2,3-dichlorobenzyI)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4- -yl)acetamide;
N-({4-[(5-chlorothien-2-yl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-
-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3-chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-
-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide; methyl 2-[2-({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-
-2H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1- -yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetraazol-2-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-pyridin-3-yl-2H-tetraazol-2-
-yl)acetamide; methyl 1 -[2-({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-
-1 H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate compound with methyl 1 -[2-({[4-(3,4-
-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-1 H-1 ,2,3-
-benzotriazole-6-carboxylate (1 :1);
N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-yl- -1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide, and;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2,3-dimethylquinoxalin-6-
-yl)acetamide.
There exists a preferred subgroup of compounds of formula (I) being of formula (I')
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein;
R1' is unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, and; R2' is phenyl substituted with halo.
Suitably, R1' is pyrazolyl substituted with thiophenyl, thiazolyl, formyl, d- 6alkoxycarbonyl, C^alkyl, or perhaloC^alkyl; unsubstituted tetrazolyl or tetrazolyl substituted with piperidinyl or d^alkyl; or isoxazolyl substituted with d- 5 6alkyl.
Preferably, R1' is 3-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(1-piperidinyl)tetrazol-2-yl, 5-(/so-propyl)tetrazol-2-yl, 2-methyltetrazol-5-yl, 4-methyl-3-(thiophen-2- yl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(/'so-propyl)tetrazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(piperidin-1-yl)tetrazol-1-yl, 1-methyltetrazol-5-yl, tetrazol-5-yl, 3- 10 (methyl)isoxazol-5-yl, 3-(formyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3-(methyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3,5- dimethylpyrazol-1-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrazol-1-yl, or 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl.
Suitably, R2 is phenyl substituted with chloro or fluoro.
Preferably, R2' is 3,4-dichlorophenyl or 3,4-difluorophenyl.
Suitably, the stereochemistry at the position marked '*' is (S). 15 Accordingly, there is provided a compound of formula (I') or a salt or solvate thereof.
Suitable compounds of the invention are Examples 1 , 2, 3, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31 , 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 20 81 , 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 , 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, and 111.
Preferred compounds of the invention are Examples 1 , 2, 3, 19, 23, 27, 32, 34, 36, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 63, 64, 65, 67, 71 , 75, 76, 78, 80, 89, 91 , 93, 97, 102, 104, and 106. 25 More preferred compounds of the invention are Examples 1 , 23, 32, 34,
36, 50, 71 , 78, and 97.
Suitable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include physiologically acceptable salts and salts which may not be physiologically acceptable but may be useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and physiologically 30 acceptable salts thereof. If appropriate, acid addition salts may be derived from inorganic or organic acids, for example hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, phosphates, acetates, benzoates, citrates, succinates, lactates, tartrates, fumarates, maleates, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoates, palmoates, methanesulphonates, formates or trifluoroacetates. 35 Examples of solvates include hydrates.
Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may contain chiral atoms and/or multiple bonds, and hence may exist in one or more stereoisomeric forms. The present invention encompasses all of the stereoisomers of the compounds of formula (I), including geometric isomers and optical isomers, whether as 40 individual stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof including racemic modifications. Generally it is preferred that a compound of formula (I) is in the form of a single enantiomer or diastereoisomer.
Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may exist in one of several tautomeric forms. It will be understood that the present invention encompasses all of the tautomers of the compounds of formula (I) whether as individual tautomers or as mixtures thereof.
References to 'aryl' refer to monocyclic and bicyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example naphthyl and phenyl, especially phenyl.
Suitable substituents for any aryl group include 1 to 5, suitably 1 to 3, substituents selected from the list consisting of cyano, perhaloalkyl, amido, halo, alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, mono- and di-(alkyl)aminocarbonyl, alkoxy, nitro, alkylsulphonyl, hydroxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthio, mono- and-di-(alkyl)amino, and alkylcarbonylamino.
References to 'heteroaryl' refer to monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur.
Examples of heterocyclic aromatic rings include imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxadiazolyl, isoxathiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, and pyrazolyl especially imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, isoxadiazolyl, isoxathiazolyl, pyridinyl pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and isoxazolyl.
Suitable substituents for any heteroaryl group include 1 to 5, suitably 1 to 3, substituents selected from the list consisting of alkoxycarbonylamino; amino; carboxy; hydrazinocarbonyl; alkoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl; alkylsulphonylamino; alkylcarbonyl; aminocarbonyl; unsubstituted heterocyclyl; heterocyclyl substituted with alkyl, halo, alkoxy, or hydroxy; unsubstituted heteroaryl; heteroaryl substituted with alkyl, halo, alkoxy, or hydroxy; perhaloalkyl; alkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; mono- and di-(alkyl)aminocarbonyl; halo; alkoxy; nitro; alkylsulphonyl; hydroxy; alkoxyalkyl; alkylthio; mono- and-di- (alkyl)amino; cycloalkylaminocarbonyl; cyano; alkylcarbonylamino; and amido. References to 'alkyl' refer to both straight chain and branched chain aliphatic isomers of the corresponding alkyl, suitably containing up to six carbon atoms.
References to 'cycloalkyl' refer to saturated alicyclic rings suitably containing 3-8 carbon atoms. Suitable substituents for any cycloalkyl group include alkyl, halo, and hydroxy.
References to 'heterocyclyl' refer to monocyclic heterocyclic aliphatic rings containing 2 to 6, suitably 3 to 5, carbon atoms, and 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur. Examples of heterocyclic rings include piperidinyl. Suitable substituents for any heterocyclyl group include alkyl, halo, alkoxy, or hydroxy.
References to 'halogen' or 'halo' refer to iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro, especially fluoro and chloro. The compounds of formula (I) and salts and solvates thereof may be prepared by the methodology described hereinafter, constituting a further aspect of this invention.
Accordingly, there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) which process comprises the reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III);
Figure imgf000013_0001
wherein; R1, Y, R3, and R2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I) in the presence of an activating agent and a peptide coupling agent, and thereafter, if required, carrying out one or more of the following optional steps: (i) converting a compound of formula (I) to a further compound of formula (I); (ii) removing any necessary protecting group; (iii) preparing a salt or solvate of the compound so formed.
Suitably, the activating agent is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT). Examples of peptide coupling agents are 1 ,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC); 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) and 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, or a salt thereof. Suitably, the peptide coupling agent is 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride. Typically, the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (III) in a suitable solvent, such as a polar organic solvent, e.g. N,N- dimethylformamide are treated with a peptide coupling agent at ambient temperature, such as about 18 - 25°C. The reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for an appropriate time period, such as about 12 - 20 hours.
A compound of formula (III) wherein R3 is hydrogen may be prepared either by Reaction (a) or Reaction (c). The S-enantiomer of a compound of formula (III) may be prepared by Reaction (b). Reaction (a). Reaction of the compound of formula (IV) with a compound of formula (V)
Figure imgf000014_0001
wherein R2 is as hereinbefore defined for formula (I) and A is a protected amino group, suitably phthalimido, followed by deprotection of the amino group to give a compound of formula (III) wherein R3 is hydrogen i.e. a compound of formula (IIIR)
Figure imgf000014_0002
wherein R2 is as hereinbefore defined, and optionally resolution of the resulting enantiomers of a compound of formula (IIIR); or;
Reaction (b). Reaction of a compound of formula (IV) as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula (VA)
Figure imgf000014_0003
wherein A is as hereinbefore defined for formula (V), followed by deprotection of the amino group to give the corresponding enantiomer of a compound of formula (III) wherein R3 is hydrogen i.e. a compound of formula (HIE)
Figure imgf000014_0004
wherein R2 is as hereinbefore defined. Reaction (c). Hydrolysis of a compound of formula (VI);
Figure imgf000015_0001
wherein T is trifluoroacetyl, and R3 and R2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I), and optionally resolution of the resulting enantiomers of a compound of formula (III).
For both reactions (a) and (b), the cyclisation of the intermediate diols (IIIBR) and (IIIBE) in the reaction between the compound of formula (IV) and a compound of formula (V) or (VA) is typically carried out under the Mitsunobu conditions as follows: Typically, a mixture of the compound of formula (IV) and the compound of formula (V) or formula (VA) in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, is stirred, suitably for 20-24 hours at a suitable temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, under an inert atmosphere, suitably an atmosphere of nitrogen. Further solvent is then added and the mixture cooled, suitably to 0- 5°C. A suitable phosphine, suitably triphenyl phosphine, is added and the mixture stirred until all the solid is dissolved. A suitable azo compound, suitably diisopropylazodicarboxylate, is then added over a period of time, suitably, 10-15 minutes, while maintaining the temperature at <7°C. The mixture is allowed to stand for a period of time, suitably 2-3 hours, then allowed to warm, suitably to 20-25°C. After a further period of standing, suitably 4-6 hours, further phosphine and azo compound are added. After a further period of standing, suitably 20-24 hours, the reaction mixture is concentrated to near dryness. A suitable alcohol, suitably propan-2-ol, is added and the concentration step repeated; the alcohol addition and concentration step is then repeated. Further alcohol is then added and the mixture heated to a temperature suitably between 65-75°C. After a suitable period, suitably 20-45 minutes, the resultant slurry is cooled, suitably to 20-25°C, and then allowed to stand, suitably for 1.5 - 3 hours, after which time the product is isolated by filtration. The filter bed is washed with more alcohol and then dried in vacuo at 35-45°C to yield the protected form of the of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE) respectively.
The removal of the protecting group from the product is typically carried out as follows. A slurry of the protected form of the of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE) in an appropriate polar solvent, suitably water, is heated to elevated temperature, suitably 70-75°C and then treated dropwise with a concentrated mineral acid, suitably concentrated sulphuric acid. The mixture was then heated at elevated temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, for a suitable period of time, suitably 20-24 hours, after which the reaction mixture was cooled to 20-25°C and then treated with a suitable apolar solvent, suitably dichloromethane. A base, suitably 0.880 ammonia solution, is then added dropwise, maintaining the temperature between 20-25°C. Further apolar solvent is then added, the aqueous phase then being separated and extracted with further apolar solvent. The combined organic phase is washed with water and then evaporated to dryness. The residue is redissolved and the apolar solvent re-evaporated to give the compound of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE). The process for the preparation of the protected form of the compound of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE) described above may also be undertaken in two stages, in which an intermediate compound of formula (IIIBR) or of formula (IIIBE) respectively;
Figure imgf000016_0001
(IIIBR) (IIIBE)
wherein A is as hereinbefore defined for formulae (V) and (VA) and R2 is as hereinbefore defined for formula (I); is isolated. Typically, a mixture of the compound of formula (IV) and a compound of formula (V) or formula (VA) in a suitable solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, is stirred, suitably for 20-24 hours at a suitable temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, under an inert atmosphere, suitably an atmosphere of nitrogen. Further compound of formula (IV) is added and the mixture heated at a suitable temperature, suitably the reflux temperature of the solvent, under an inert atmosphere, suitably an atmosphere of nitrogen, for a suitable period of time, suitably 3-6 hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled, suitably to 20- 25°C, and the compound precipitated by means of addition of a suitable co- solvent, suitably diisopropyl ether. The compound of formula (IIIBR) or formula (IIIBE) respectively is isolated by filtration, washed with further co-solvent and dried in vacuo.
A protected form of the compound of formula (IIIR) or formula (HIE) may then be prepared from a compound of formula (IIIBR) or formula (IIIBE) under similar conditions to that of the reaction between a compound of formula (IV) and formulae (V) or (VA) as hereinbefore described, but omitting the reflux period prior to the addition of the phosphine and azo compounds. Reaction (c) is typically carried out by stirring a solution of the compound of formula (VI) in a suitable solvent, for example a mixture of methanol and water, and adding a suitable base, for example potassium carbonate. The mixture is stirred at a suitable temperature, for example those in the range 20- 25°C for a suitable time, for example 16-20 hours followed by removal of the organic solvent in vacuo. Water is then added and the mixture extracted with a suitable organic solvent, for example ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution before drying over a suitable drying agent, for example sodium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo. The crude product is then purified by flash chromatography.
The resolution of the compound of formula (HIE) from the racemic product i.e. the compound of formula (IIIR) may be undertaken using techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example preparative chiral high performance liquid chromatography (chiral HPLC) or by fractional crystallisation of diastereoisomeric salts.
A compound of formula (VI) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (VII) with a compound of formula (VIII)
Figure imgf000017_0001
wherein;
T, R3 and R2 are as hereinbefore defined and L2 is a leaving group. A suitable leaving group, L2 is a halo group such as chloro. The reaction between a compound of formula (VII) and a compound of formula (VIII) is typically carried out by stirring a solution of the compound of formula (VII) in a suitable solvent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, under an inert atmosphere, for example an atmosphere of nitrogen, with the addition of a suitable base, for example potassium carbonate, and a suitable activating agent such as sodium iodide. A solution of a compound of formula (VIII) in a suitable solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, is added dropwise to the mixture. The mixture is then stirred at a suitable temperature, for example a temperature in the range of 20-25°C, for a suitable period of time, for example 16-20 hours before removing the volatile components in vacuo. The residue is partitioned between a suitable organic solvent, for example dichloromethane, and a saturated aqueous base, for example saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The organic phase is then washed with additional saturated aqueous base and water before drying over a suitable drying agent, for example magnesium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo to yield the crude product. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography.
A compound of formula (VII) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (IX) with a compound of formula (X);
Figure imgf000018_0001
wherein R3 and T are as hereinbefore defined and Rx is an alkyl group, suitably ethyl.
The reaction between a compound of formula (IX) and a compound of formula (X) is typically carried out by stirring a solution of a compound of formula (IX) in a suitable organic solvent, for example methanol, under an inert atmosphere, for example an atmosphere nitrogen, and then adding a solution of a compound of formula (X) in a suitable organic solvent, for example ether. The mixture is then stirred for a suitable period of time, for example 20-40 minutes at a suitable temperature, for example a temperature in the range of 20-25°C and the volatile components removed in vacuo. The residue is then dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example methanol, and the volatile components removed in vacuo.
Additionally, and in a further aspect, a compound of formula (I) wherein Y is -CH2- and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted N-linked heteroaryl group i.e. a compound of formula (XI)
Figure imgf000018_0002
may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (XII) with a compound of formula (XIII);
Figure imgf000019_0001
wherein (XII) is an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl group, L2 is a leaving group, and R3 and R2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I), and thereafter, if required, carrying out one or more of the following optional steps:
(i) converting a compound of formula (I) to a further compound of formula (I);
(ii) removing any necessary protecting group;
(iii) preparing a salt or solvate of the compound so formed.
Suitable leaving groups are halo groups, preferably bromo. Typically, the reaction between a compound of formula (XII) and a compound of formula (XIII) will be conducted in a suitable organic solvent, such as for example dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide of a mixture thereof, suitably at ambient temperature, e.g. 18 - 25'C for an appropriate time period, e.g. 4 - 10h. A suitable base such as an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, e.g. potassium carbonate, is then added.
A compound of formula (XIII) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (III) with a compound of formula (XIV)
L2CH2COOH (XIV)
wherein L2 is as hereinbefore defined for formula (XIII), in the presence of a peptide coupling reagent. Examples of peptide coupling agents are 1 ,3- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC); 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, or a salt thereof. Suitably, the peptide coupling agent is 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
Typically, the reaction between a compound of formula (III) and a compound of formula (XIV) is conducted at low temperature, e.g. 0 - 5°C, in a suitable organic solvent such as a haloalkane e.g.dichloromethane, for a suitable time period e.g. 20 - 60 mins.
The compounds of formula (II), certain compounds of formula (III), certain compounds of formula (IV), (V), certain compounds of formula (VI), certain compounds of formula (VII), (VIII), (IX), (X), (XII), and (XIV) are known, commercially available compounds, and/or may be prepared by analogy with known procedures, for examples those disclosed in standard reference texts of synthetic methodology such as J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition (1985), Wiley Interscience.
The compounds of formulae (IIIBR), (IIIBE), and (XIII) are considered to be novel.
Accordingly, there is provided a compound of formula (IIIBR).
There is also provided a compound of formula (IIIBE).
There is also provided a compound of formula (XIII).
The above mentioned conversion of a compound of formula (I) into another compound of formula (I) includes any conversion which may be effected using conventional procedures, but in particular the said conversions include converting one group R1 into another group R1.
The above mentioned conversion may be earned out using any appropriate method under conditions determined by the particular groups chosen. Thus, suitable conversions of one group R1 into another group R1 include:
(a), converting a group R1 which represents unsubstituted heteroaryl group into a group R which represents an alkylated heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate conventional alkylating procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with a trialkylsilyldiazomethane.
(b). converting a group R1 which represents an amino substituted heteroaryl group into a group R1 which represents an alkylamido substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate conventional acylation procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with an acid chloride.
(c). converting a group R1 which represents an ester substituted heteroaryl group into a group R1 which represents a carboxy substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate conventional hydrolysis procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with an aqueous base.
(d). converting a group R1 which represents an ester substituted heteroaryl group into a group R1 which represents an alkyloxadiazole substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with an acetamidoxime, followed by an alkoxide base.
(e). converting a group R1 which represents a carboxy substituted heteroaryl group into a group R1 which represents a hydrazine carboxylic acid ester substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with an alkylcarbazide in the presence of suitable activating and coupling agents, for example 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride. (f). converting a group R which represents a hydrazine carboxylic acid ester substituted heteroaryl group into a group R which represents a hydrazine carboxylic acid substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate hydrolysis procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with dilute hydrochloric acid, (g). converting a group R1 which represents a hydrazine carboxylic acid substituted heteroaryl group into a group R1 which represents an alkyloxadiazole substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate cyclisation procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with alkylorthoacetate. (h). converting a group R1 which represents a hydrazine carboxylic acid substituted heteroaryl group into a group R1 which represents an alkyltriazole substituted heteroaryl group; such a conversion may be carried out using an appropriate cyclisation procedure, for example treating an appropriately protected compound of formula (I) with alkylacetimidate.
The above mentioned conversions may as appropriate be carried out on any of the intermediate compounds mentioned herein.
The above mentioned conversions may as appropriate be carried out on any of the intermediate compounds mentioned herein.
Suitable protecting groups in any of the above mentioned reactions are those used conventionally in the art. The methods of formation and removal of such protecting groups are those conventional methods appropriate to the molecule being protected, for example those methods discussed in standard reference texts of synthetic methodology such as P J Kocienski, Protecting Groups, (1994), Thieme.
For any of the hereinbefore described reactions or processes, conventional methods of heating and cooling may be employed, for example electric heating mantles and ice/salt baths respectively. Conventional methods of purification, for example crystallisation and column chromatography may be used as required.
Where appropriate individual isomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared as individual isomers using conventional procedures such as the fractional crystallisation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or chiral high performance liquid chromatography (chiral HPLC).
The absolute stereochemistry of compounds may be determined using conventional methods, such as X-ray crystallography. The salts and solvates of the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared and isolated according to conventional procedures.
Compounds of the invention may be tested for in vitro biological activity in accordance with the following assays: (a) CCR-3 Binding Assay
A CCR-3 competition binding SPA (scintillation proximity assay) was used to assess the affinity of novel compounds for CCR-3. Membranes prepared from K562 cells stably expressing CCR-3 (2.5μg/well) were mixed with 0.25mg/well wheat-germ agglutinin SPA beads (Amersham) and incubated in binding buffer (HEPES 50 mM, CaCI2 1 mM, MgCI2 5 mM, 0.5% BSA) at 4°C for 1.5 hr. Following incubation, 20 pM of [125l] eotaxin (Amersham) and increasing concentrations of compound (1pM to 30μM) were added and incubated in a 96 well plate for 2 hr at 22°C then counted on a Microbeta plate counter. The total assay volume was 100 μl. Competition binding data were analysed by fitting the data with a four parameter logistic equation. Data are presented as the mean plC50 values (negative logarithm of the concentration of compound which inhibits [125l]eotaxin binding by 50%) from at least two experiments.
The compounds of the Examples were tested in the CCR-3 binding assay. The compounds of the Examples tested in the CCR-3 binding assay possessed plC50 values in the range 5.5 - 8.6. (b) Eosinophil Chemotaxis Assay.
Compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on eosinophil chemotaxis. Eosinophils were purified from human peripheral blood by standard CD16 cell depletion using a Miltenyi cell separation column and a magnetic Super Macs magnet as previously described (Motegi & Kita, 1998;
J. Immunology. 161:4340-6). Cells were re-suspended in RPMI 1640/10% FCS solution and incubated with calcein-AM (Molecular Probes) at 37°C for 30 mins. Following incubation, the eosinophils were centrifuged at 400g for 5 min and resuspended in RPMI/FCS at 2.2 million/ml. Cells were then incubated in the presence of increasing concentration of compounds (1 pM to 30 μM) at 37°C for 30 mins. For control responses cells were incubated with RPMI/FCS only. The agonist eotaxin (an EC8o concentration) was added to the lower chamber of a 96 well chemotaxis plate (5 μm filter: Receptor Technologies). Eosinophils (50 μl of 2 million/ml cells) were added to the top chamber of the filter plate and incubated at 37°C for 45 mins. Cells remaining on top of the chemotaxis filter were removed and the number of eosinophils which had migrated were quantified by reading the plate on a fluorescent plate reader. Inhibition curves for the effect of compounds on eosinophil chemotaxis were analysed by fitting the data with a four parameter logistic equation. Functional pKj values (fpKj) were generated using the equation below (Lazareno & Birdsall, 1995. Br.J. Pharmacol 109: 1110- 9).
IC fPKi = 50
[Agonist]
1 +
EC 50
The compounds of the Examples were tested in the CCR-3 binding and/or eosinophil chemotaxis assays (assays (a) and (b)). The compounds of the Examples tested in the CCR-3 binding assay possessed plC50 values in the range 6.6 - 9.1. The compounds of the Examples tested in the CCR-3 eosinophil chemotaxis assay possessed fpKi values such as those given in the table below:
Figure imgf000023_0001
Examples of disease states in which the compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effects include diseases of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis (including chronic bronchitis), bronchiectasis, asthma (including allergen-induced asthmatic reactions), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, sinusitis and rhinitis. Also included are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as intestinal inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and intestinal inflammatory diseases secondary to radiation exposure or allergen exposure.
Furthermore, compounds of the invention may be used to treat nephritis; skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, allergic dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions; and diseases of the central nervous system which have an inflammatory component (eg. Alzheimer's disease, meningitis, multiple sclerosis), HIV and AIDS dementia.
Compounds of the present invention may also be of use in the treatment of nasal polyposis, conjunctivitis or pruritis.
Further examples of disease states in which compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial effects include cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Compounds of the invention may be useful as immunosuppressive agents and so have use in the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as allograft tissue rejection after transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes.
Compounds of the invention may also be useful in inhibiting metastasis. Diseases of principal interest include asthma, COPD and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract involving seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that references herein to treatment or therapy extend to prophylaxis as well as the treatment of established conditions. As mentioned above, compounds of formula (I) are useful as therapeutic agents.
There is thus provided as a further aspect of the invention a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use as an active therapeutic agent. There is also therefore provided a compound of formula (I), or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, e.g. asthma or rhinitis.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis.
In a further or alternative aspect there is provided a method for the treatment of a human or animal subject suffering from or susceptible to an inflammatory condition e.g. asthma or rhinitis, which method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
The compounds according to the invention may be formulated for administration in any convenient way.
There is thus further provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
There is also provided a process for preparing such a pharmaceutical formulation which comprises admixing the compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof with one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
The compounds according to the invention may, for example, be formulated for oral, inhaled, intranasal, buccal, parenteral or rectal administration, preferably for oral administration.
Tablets and capsules for oral administration may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of starch, cellulose or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; fillers, for example, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, maize- starch, calcium phosphate or sorbitol; lubricants, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example, potato starch, croscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycollate; or wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate. The tablets may be coated according to methods well known in the art.
Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example, sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose, glucose/sugar syrup, gelatin, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, propylene glycol or ethyl alcohol; or preservatives, for example, methyl or propyl p_- hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid. The preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavouring, colouring and/or sweetening agents (e.g. mannitol) as appropriate. For buccal administration the compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
The compounds may also be formulated as suppositories, e.g. containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
The compounds according to the invention may also be formulated for parenteral administration by bolus injection or continuous infusion and may be presented in unit dose form, for instance as ampoules, vials, small volume infusions or pre-filled syringes, or in multidose containers with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as anti-oxidants, buffers, antimicrobial agents and/or tonicity adjusting agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use. The dry solid presentation may be prepared by filling a sterile powder aseptically into individual sterile containers or by filling a sterile solution aseptically into each container and freeze-drying.
The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic agents, for example anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, e.g. fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone acetonide or budesonide; or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) eg. sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil sodium, PDE-4 inhibitors, leukotriene antagonists, iNOS inhibitors, tryptase and elastase inhibitors, beta-2 integrin antagonists and adenosine 2a agonists; or beta adrenergic agents such as salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol or terbutaline and salts thereof; or antiinfective agents e.g. antibiotic agents and antiviral agents. It will be appreciated that when the compounds of the present invention are administered in combination with other therapeutic agents normally administered by the inhaled or intranasal route, that the resultant pharmaceutical composition may be administered by the inhaled or intranasal route. Compounds of the invention may conveniently be administered in amounts of, for example, 0.001 to 500mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.01 to 500mg/kg body weight, more preferably 0.01 to 100mg/kg body weight, and at any appropriate frequency e.g. 1 to 4 times daily. The precise dosing regimen will of course depend on factors such as the therapeutic indication, the age and condition of the patient, and the particular route of administration chosen. Throughout the description and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word 'comprise', and variations such as 'comprises' and 'comprising', will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers but not to the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
The invention is illustrated by reference to, but is in no way limited by, the following Examples.
It should be noted that, for clarity, compounds of the Descriptions and the Examples are referred to by number, for example "Description 3" and "Example 5". The structures of the compounds so referred to are given in Tables 1 and 2 for the Examples and Tables 3 and 4 for the Descriptions.
General experimental details
Mass Directed Automated Preparative HPLC column, conditions and eluent Mass directed automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography was carried out using an LCABZ+ 5μm (5cm x 10mm internal diameter) column, employing gradient elution using two solvent systems, (A) 0.1% formic acid in water, and (B) 95% acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid in water, at a flow rate of
8ml min"1. Mass spectrometry was carried out using a VG Platform Mass Spectrometer, with an HP1100 Diode Array Detector and Accurate Flow Splitter.
LC/MS System
The following Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LC/MS) System was used:
This system used an 3μm ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1%v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 3 ml per minute. The following gradient protocol was used: 100% A for OJmins; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 - 100% B over 3.5mins; hold at 100%B for 1.1 mins; return to 100% A over 0.2mins. 5 The LC/MS system used a micromass spectrometer, with electrospray ionisation mode, positive and negative ion switching, mass range 80-1000 a.m.u. Thermospray Mass Spectra
Thermospray Mass Spectra were determined on a HP 5989A engine mass spectrometer, +ve thermospray, source temperature 250°C, probe temperatures
10 120°C (stem), 190°C (tip), detection mass range 100-850 a.m.u. Compounds were injected in 10μl of a mixture of solvents comprising 65% methanol and 35% 0.05M aqueous ammonium acetate, at a flow rate of OJml/min. Solid phase extraction (ion exchange) 'SCX' refers to Isolute Flash SCX-2 sulphonic acid solid phase extraction
15 cartridges.
Organic/Agueous phase separation with hydrophobic frits
'Hydrophobic frit' refers to a Whatman polypropylene filter tube fitted with a PTFE frit, pore size 5.0μm.
All temperatures are in °C 0
Descriptions
Description 1 : 2.2,2-Trifluoro-N-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)acetamide
To a stirred solution of morpholin-2-ylmethylamine (3.1g) in methanol (70ml) under nitrogen was added an ethereal solution of ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoroacetate 5 (5ml in 20ml ether) which had been washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, water and brine, and dried. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 22°C before removal of all volatiles in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (10ml) and the volatiles again removed in vacuo to give the title compound as a white crunchy foam (4.9g). 0 Thermospray Mass Spectrum m/z 213 [MH+].
Description 2: N-(r4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yllmethyl)-2.2.2- trifluoroacetamide
To a stirred solution of Description 1 (3.3q) in N,N-dimethylformamide (50ml) 5 under nitrogen was added potassium carbonate (2.46g) and sodium iodide (2.12g). A solution of 3,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (2ml) in N,N- dimethylformamide (10ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h before the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane (100ml) and saturated aqueous 0 sodium carbonate solution (50ml). The organic phase was subsequently washed with additional saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution (2 x 50ml) and water (50ml) before drying over magnesium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo to give a pale yellow oil. The oil was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on a 90g silica cartridge eluting with 25% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, to give the title compound as a colourless oil (2.97g). LC/MS R, 2.63 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 371 [MH+].
Description 3: r4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yllmethylamine
To a stirred solution of Description 2 (2.97g) in methanol (15ml) and water (5ml) was added potassium carbonate (5.53g). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h before the methanol was removed in vacuo. Water (25ml) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30ml). The combined organic phases were washed with water (5ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (10ml) before drying over sodium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo to give a pale yellow oil. The oil was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on a 90g silica cartridge eluting with 75:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution. The required fractions were combined and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless oil (1.85g). LC/MS Rt 1.77 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 275 [MH+].
Description 4: f4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-vπmethylamine (alternative synthesis)
A mixture of 2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]ethanol (Chem Abs No. 40172-06-3, 0.980g) and 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1.1 Og) was heated at 80°C under nitrogen for 3h. The resulting solid mass was treated with concentrated sulphuric acid (1.5ml) then stirred at 150°C for 24h. The mixture was treated with water (100ml) then washed with ethyl acetate (2x100ml). The dark aqueous phase was basified to -pH 12 using 5M aqueous sodium hydroxide, then extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound as a brown oil (1.02g). Mass spec, m/z 275 (MH+).
Description 5: 1 -r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-vπmethylamine
Description 3 (racemic mixture, 8g) was separated into its single enantiomers by preparative chiral-HPLC. The separation was carried out using a 2" x 22cm Chiralpak AD 20μm column, Merck self pack DAC system, eluting with 95:5:0.1 (v/v) heptane : absolute ethanol: diethylamine (flow rate: 55ml/min over 40min, UV detection 225nm); sample load preparation: 400mg sample in 20ml 3:2 (v/v) absolute ethanol: system eluent.
The title compound (2.49g) was obtained as follows: preparative HPLC retention time 23.0 min.
Description 5 (Alternative procedure)
A slurry of Description 7 (1.00g) in water (8.5ml) was heated to 75° and then treated dropwise with concentrated sulphuric acid (2.5ml). The mixture was then heated at reflux. After 23h the reaction mixture was cooled to 22° and then treated with dichloromethane (6ml). 880 Ammonia solution (7ml) was then added dropwise with cooling. More dichloromethane (10ml) was added. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with more dichloromethane (10ml). The combined organic phase was washed with water (5ml) and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was redissolved in dichloromethane and the solvent re- evaporated to give the product as an oil (662mg).
Description 6: 1-r(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-vnmethanamine salt with D-tartaric acid 1 :1
Description 3 (0.613g) was dissolved in methanol (12.3ml). D-Tartaric acid (0.335g) was added and the slurry was heated to reflux for 50min. The mixture was allowed to cool to 0-5°C and the precipitate isolated by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.4g). ee: 76%ee
Chiral analytical HPLC (Chiralpak AD column, 4.6 x 250mm, eluent 50:50:0.1 MeOH: EtOH: Butylamine, flow rate 0.5ml/min, UV detection at 220nm), Rt
8.9min.
Description 7: 2-f4-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-morpholin-2-ylmethyll-isoindole-1.3- dione
A mixture of 2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]ethanol (2.038 g) and (S)-2-(oxiran-2- ylmethyl)-1H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione (2.032g) in tetrahydrofuran (3.3ml) was stirred and heated at reflux under nitrogen. After 21.5h more tetrahydrofuran (12.5ml) was added and the mixture was cooled to 3°. Triphenyl phosphine (2J93g) was added and the mixture was stirred until all the solid had dissolved. Diisopropylazodicarboxylate (2.1ml) was then added over 12min maintaining the temperature at <7°. After 2.25h the mixture was allowed to warm to 22°. After 5.3h more triphenylphosphine (121mg) and diisopropylazodicarboxylate (0.09ml) were added. After 22.5h the reaction mixture was concentrated to near dryness. Propan-2-ol (12ml) was added and the concentration repeated, this was repeated once more. More propan-2-ol (12ml) was added and the mixture was heated to 70°. After 0.5h the slurry was cooled to 22° and then after a further 2h the product was collected. The bed was washed with propan-2-ol (2x4ml) and then dried in vacuo at 40° to give the product, (2.622g).
Description 8: [(2S)-4-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yllmethylamine Description 8 was made in an analogous manner to that of Description 5. Preparative HPLC retention time 28.3min
Description 9: 2-Bromo-N-IY2S)-4-(3.4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyllacetamide
Figure imgf000030_0001
A solution of Description 5 (1.45g) in dichloromethane (25ml) was treated with bromoacetic acid (3.65g) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (10.1g) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solution was then washed with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the aqueous phase extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil. Purification by chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 5% ethanol / dichloromethane, gave the title compound (1.167g) as a yellow oil. LC-MS : Rt = 2.30min. Mass Spectrum m/z 397 [MH+]
Description 10: (3-Formyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid
Description 10 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Description 12.
Figure imgf000031_0001
Description 11: 1 -tert-Butoxycarbonylmethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000031_0002
Potassium tert butoxide (0.045g) was added, in portions, to a stirred solution of 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrazole [CAS 37622-90-5] (0.050g) in N,N- dimethylformamide (0.5ml). The mixture was stirred for 5 min then tert- butylbromoacetate (0.078g) was added, in portions over 2 min. The mixture was stirred for 0J5h then partitioned between ethyl acetate (30ml) and 1.0M aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (2x20ml), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.073g) as a colourless, viscous oil. LC-MS: Rt = 2J8min. Mass Spectrum m/z 255IMH*]
Description 12: 1-Carboxymethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000031_0003
A solution of 4.0M hydrogen chloride in dioxan (0.5ml) was added to a stirred solution of Description 11 (0.070q) in 1 ,4-dioxan (3ml). The mixture was stirred for 4h. More 4.0M hydrogen chloride in dioxan (0.5ml) was added. The mixture was stirred for a further 3h then left to stand over the weekend. The solvent and excess hydrogen chloride were removed in vacuo to give the title compound (0.056g) as a pale yellow, waxy solid. LC-MS: Rt = 1.98min. Mass Spectrum m/z 199[MH+] and 197 [MH-]
Description 49: 5-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethylH1 ,2.4l-oxadiazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000032_0001
To succinic acid monomethyl ester (4.4g) in dry dimethoxyethane (50ml) was added 4-dimethylamino pyridine (4.1g), amino-hydroxyimino-acetic acid ethyl ester (4.4g) (for preparation see Tetrahedron, 1992, 48(30), 6335-60) and 1-[3- dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (7Jg). The mixture was heated to 100°C for 30 hrs then cooled and partitioned between ethyl acetate and 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with more ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a red-brown solid. The solid was purified by column chromatography, eluting with 3:1 cyclohexane/ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a colourless oil (1.2g), which contained~50mol% of the starting half-ester by 1H NMR analysis. 1H NMR (CDCI3400MHz) δ 4.51 (2H, q) 3J2 (3H, s) 3.30 (2H, t) 2.96 (2H, t) 1.45 (3H, t)
Description 54: 3-(3-Methylcarbamoyl-ri .2,41oxadiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000032_0002
To Description 49, the impure 5-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-[1 ,2,4]-oxadiazole-3- carboxylic acid ethyl ester, (0.5g) in dry methanol (5ml) was added methylamine (2.0M in tetrahydrofuran, 10.9ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 90 mins the solvents were removed in vacuo to give an almost white solid. The solid was purified by column chromatography, eluting with 3:2 cyclohexane/ethyl acetate to give the title compound as an off-white solid (0.22g). 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 6.93 (1 H br s) 3J2 (3H, s) 3.27 (2H, t) 3.03 (3H, d) 2.94 (2H, t).
Description 58: 3-(3-Methylcarbamoyl-H .2,41oxadiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid: compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000033_0001
To Description 54 (0.064g) in methanol (2ml) was added 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.30ml) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18hrs. 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.30ml) was added and the mixture applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SCX, pre-washed with methanol) and the cartridge eluted with methanol (x3) followed by 5% triethylamine in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the combined basic fractions in vacuo to give the title compound (0.051 g). LCMS m/z 200 [MH+]
Description 55: 3-(3-Ethylcarbamoyl-π .2.41oxadiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000033_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 54 using ethylamine (2M in tetrahydrofuran). 1H NMR (CDCI3 400MHz) δ 6.90 (1H, br s) 3.72 (3H, s) 3.52 (2H, d,q) 3.26 (2H, t) 2.93 (2H, t) 2.17 (3H, t)
Description 56: 3-(3-Ethylcarbamoyl-ri,2,41oxadiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid; compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000034_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 58 from Description 55. LCMS m/z 214 [MH+]
Description 50: 3-(3-lsopropylcarbamoyl-ri .2,41oxadiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000034_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 54 using iso- propylamine.
1H NMR (CDCI3 400MHz) δ 672 (1 H, br s) 4.30 (1 H, m) 3J1 (3H, s) 3.25 (2H, t) 2.93 (2H, t) 1.27 (6H, d)
Description 57: 3-(3-lsopropylcarbamoyl-f1 ,2,4loxadiazol-5-yl)-propionic acid; compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000035_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 58 from Description 50. LCMS m/z 228 [MH+]
Description 20: (5-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetic acid
Figure imgf000035_0002
To a stirred solution of (5-Amino-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetic acid (1.0g) (for preparation see WO 95/33724) in a 10% solution of triethylamine in methanol (10ml) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate with vigourous stirring at room temperature under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at 50°C for 1.5h, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give a light brown solid. Purification by Biotage™ flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting firstly with ethyl acetate:acetic acid 98:2, and then with ethyl acetate:methanol:acetic acid 88:10:2, gave, after evaporation of the solvent from the required fractions, the title compound (0.67g). LCMS R, 2.21 min, m/z 242 [MH+]
Description 14: (3-Formylamino-f1 ,2.41-oxadiazol-5-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000035_0003
Formic acid (16.4ml) and acetic anhydride (38.2ml) were heated at 50°C for 30min and then cooled to room temperature. (3-Amino-[1 ,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)- acetic acid ethyl ester (5.55g) (for preparation see Tetrahedron; 1991 ; 47(35); 7447-7458) was added in one portion. The mixture was heated at 70°C for 45min, and the volatiles evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, saturated aqueous brine solution, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and the solvent evaporated to give the title compound (6.184g) as a yellow oil which crystallised upon standing.
Description 18: C-r(2S)-4-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-ylmethyl)morpholin-2- yll methylamine
Figure imgf000036_0001
Description 18 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Description 5. Chiral Preparative HPLC retention time 25.2min
Description 19: C-f(2S)-4-(3-Chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-vπmethylamine
Figure imgf000036_0002
Description 19 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Description 5. Preparative chiral HPLC retention time 26.1 min
Description 16: C-r4-(3-Trifluoromethylbenzyl)morpholin-2-yllmethylamine
Figure imgf000037_0001
Description 16 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Description 3. Mass spectrum observed m/z 275 [MH]+
Description 17: C-F4-(3-Fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-vπmethylamine
Figure imgf000037_0002
Description 17 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Description 3. Thermospray Mass spectrum m/z 225 [MH+]
Description 25: 5-(2-tert-ButoxycarbonylvinvDfuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000037_0003
A mixture of methyl-5-bromo-2-furoate (3.6g), triphenylphosphine (0.36g), palladium acetate (0.4g), tert-butylacrylate (7.8ml) and triethylamine (27.2ml) in acetonitrile (45.4ml) was divided into 13 equal portions. Each portion was heated to 100°C for 40min in a sealed microwave vessel. Further palladium acetate (0.02g) was added to each vessel and the mixtures microwaved at 110°C for 15min. The mixtures were combined, concentrated in vacuo, and purified on a silica SPE cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with 10% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane. The fractions containing product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (3.2g). LCMS R, 3.26 min, m/z 270 [MNH4*] Note: Microwave is a 300W Smith Creator
Description 26: 5-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000038_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to Description 29. LCMS R, 3.10 min, m/z 272 [MNH4+]
Description 27: 5-(2-Carboxyethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000038_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to Description 28. LCMS Rt 2.17 min, m/z 199 [MH+]
Description 30: 5-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylvinyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000038_0003
tert-Butyl(diethylphosphono)acetate (1.65g) in THF (5ml) was added dropwise to a suspension of 60% sodium hydride (0.262g) in THF (5ml) stirred at 0°C under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45mins then re-cooled using an ice bath. A solution of ethyl 5-formylfuran 3-carboxylate (1.0g) in THF (10ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. The stirred mixture was heated to 60°C for 2hr then left at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into 1 :1 ethyl acetate/5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (100ml), was shaken, and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted again with ethyl acetate (50ml) and the combined organic extracts washed with saturated aqueous brine solution (50ml), dried over magnesium sulphate, then concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on a 50g silica SPE cartridge, eluted with 50% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. The fractions containing product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (2.0g). LCMS R, 3,58min, m/z 284 [MNH4+]
Description 29: 5-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylethyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000039_0001
Description 30 (1.5g) in ethanol (60ml) was added to 10% palladium on carbon catalyst (0.1 Og). The mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen. After 2hrs, the catalyst was removed by filtration through Celite filter aid and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on a 50g silica SPE cartridge, eluted using a solvent gradient, with initially 100% cyclohexane, then sequentially 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% dichloromethane/cyclohexane. The fractions containing product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (0J3g). LCMS R, 2.41 min, m/z 269 [MH+]
Description 28: 5-(2-Carboxyethyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000039_0002
Description 29 (0J3g) was dissolved in 1 ,4-dioxane (2ml), was treated with a 4M HCl in 1,4-dioxane solution (10ml) and stirred at room temperature for 6hrs. The dioxane was removed from the mixture in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (3x20ml). The combined aqueous extracts were acidified to pH3-4 with solid citric acid and extracted with dichloromethane (3x20ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was lyophilised from 1 ,4-dioxane vacuo to give the title compound (0.374g). LCMS R, 2.52min, m/z 213 [MH+]
Description 15: 3-Methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbothioic acid amide
Figure imgf000040_0001
To a solution of 3-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbonitrile (6.8g) in ethanol (100ml) was added freshly prepared ammonium polysulfide solution (102 ml) (for preparation see Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1993, 58(22), 6103-8) at room temperature. The mixture was heated at 40°C for 6hrs and then left at room temperature overnight. The volatiles were removed from the mixture under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a brownish yellow solid (7.1g). Mpt. 135-140°C.
Description 13: 1 H-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000040_0002
A stirred suspension of 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (1.12g) in dry toluene (20ml) was heated at 70°C for 15min under an atmosphere of nitrogen. To the hot suspension was added a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide-di-tert-butyl acetal (8ml) in dry toluene (8ml). The resultant solution was heated at 78°C for 21 hrs. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100ml) and washed with saturated aqueous brine solution (5x25ml). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a gum. The gum was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (60g of Merck 9385) and eluted with dichloromethane/methanol 50:1. The required fractions were combined and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound as a gum which solidified upon standing (0.481g). Mpt. 96-97 °C
5 Description 21 : 1 -f(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyllpyrrolidine- 2,5-dione
Figure imgf000041_0001
10 Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 27 using Description 8_and succinic acid monomethyl ester. LCMS m/z 325 [MH+]
Description 24: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyllsuccinamic 15 acid; compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000041_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 77 using Description 20 21.
LCMS m/z 343 [MH+]
Description 22: 1 -r(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyllpyrrolidine- 2.5-dione
25
Figure imgf000042_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 27 using Description 5_and succinic acid monomethyl ester. LCMS m/z 357 [MH+]
Description 23: N-f(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyl1succinamic acid; compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000042_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 77 using Description
22.
LCMS m/z 375 [MH+]
Description 43: 5-Carboxymethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000042_0003
A mixture of ethyl 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furancarboxylate (1.0g), potassium iodide (0.0442g) and chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(l) dimer (0.261 g) were stirred in formic acid (25ml). The mixture was stirred vigorously and heated at 75°C for 6hrs under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, before cooling and allowing to stand overnight at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a dark brown residue. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid (3x75ml) and saturated aqueous brine solution (2x75ml) before being dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give a dark green gum, which was purified Biotage™ flash chromatography on silica gel (90g cartridge) and eluted with 25% ethyl acetate and 2% acetic acid in cyclohexane. The required fractions were combined and evaporated to dryness in vacuo to give the title compound as a dark gum (0.672g). LCMS Rt 2.35 min, m/z 199 [MH+]
Description 59: 5-Carboxymethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000043_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 43 from 5- chloromethyl-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (for preparation see J.Org.Chem.; 41; 1976; 2835-2846).
1H NMR (CDCI3400MHz) δ 7.95 (1 H, s) 6.63 (1 H, s) 4.27 (2H, q) 3J4 (2H, s) 1.30 (3H, t)
Description 51: r5-«r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyllcarbamoyl)methyl)isoxazol-3-yl1carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000043_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 27 using (3-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-isoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid (for preparation see Tetrahedron Letters, 1996, 37(19), 3339-3342). LCMS m/z 499 [MH+] Description 52: r5-«r(2S)-4-(3-Chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyl1carbamoyl>methyl)isoxazol-3-vncarbamic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000044_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 27 using Description 19 and (3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-isoxazol-5-yl)-acetic acid (for preparation see Tetrahedron Letters, (1996), 37(19), 3339-3342). LCMS m/z 465 [MH+]
Description 53: f2-(3-Amino-isoxazol-5-yl)-N-r(2S)-4-(3-chlorobenzyl)morpholin- 2-ylmethyllacetamide
Figure imgf000044_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 46 using Description
52.
LCMS m/z 365 [MH+]
Description 44: 5-(2-(f(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyllcarbamoyl>ethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid; compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000044_0003
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 77 from Example 28. LCMS m/z 441 [MH+]
Description 45: 5-(2-(r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyl1carbamoyl)ethyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid; compound with triethylamine
Figure imgf000045_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 77 from Example 26. LCMS m/z 441 [MH+]
Description 46: 5-((f(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethvncarbamoyl}methyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000045_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 77 from Example 76. LCMS m/z 427 [MH+]
Description 47: 3-r2-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yllpropionic acid ethyl ester with 4-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000045_0003
A portion (0.5ml) of a solution of bromine (5.55g) in anhydrous chloroform (4ml) was added dropwise to a solution of ethyl levulinate (5.0g) in anhydrous chloroform (30ml) at 5°C under nitrogen and the mixture was then allowed to warm to 20°C. After stirring at 20°C for 18hr, the remainder of the bromine solution was added dropwise over approximately 15 min, with the reaction temperature maintained between 10-20°C by means of a water bath. The reaction was left to stir for 7hr at 20°C and then to stand for a further 5 days at 20°C. After this time, the bromine was evaporated by bubbling nitrogen through the solution for 10min, and the mixture then evaporated in vacuo to give a clear light brown liquid. A portion of this liquid (1.34g) was added to 5-methyl- isoxazole-3-carbothioic acid amide (0.426g) in a 'Reactivial* along with anhydrous ethanol (1.0ml). The solution was stirred at 105°C for 3hr and then allowed to cool. The solvent was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was applied onto a silica solid phase extraction cartridge (10g, Varian Bondelut) and this was eluted sequentially with cyclohexane, followed by 5%, then 10% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.285g) in a 1 :1 ratio with ethyl levulinate as a beige solid. LCMS R, 3.09min, m/z 267 [MH+]
Description 48: r4-Methyl-2-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-thiazol-5-yl1-acetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000046_0001
A portion (0.5ml) of a solution of bromine (5.55g) in anhydrous chloroform (4ml) was added dropwise to a solution of ethyl levulinate (5.0g) in anhydrous chloroform (30ml) at 5°C under nitrogen and the mixture was then allowed to warm to 20°C. After stirring at 20°C for 18hr, the remainder of the bromine solution was added dropwise over approximately 15 min, with the reaction temperature maintained between 10-20°C by means of a water bath. The reaction was left to stir for 7hr at 20°C and then to stand for a further 5 days at 20°C. After this time, the bromine was evaporated by bubbling nitrogen through the solution for 10min, and the mixture then evaporated in vacuo to give a clear light brown liquid. A portion of this liquid (1.34g) was added to 5-methyl- isoxazole-3-carbothioic acid amide (0.426g) in a 'Reactivial' along with anhydrous ethanol (1.0ml). The solution was stirred at 105°C for 3hr and then allowed to cool. The solvent was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was applied onto a silica solid phase extraction cartridge (10g, Varian Bondelut) and this was eluted sequentially with cyclohexane, followed by 5%, then 10% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.114g) as a brown gum, as a 2:1 ratio with Description 47 as the minor component. LCMS Rt 3.06min, m/z 267 [MH+]
Description 31: r2-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000047_0001
To 5-methyl-isoxazole-3-carbothioic acid amide (0.213g) in a 'Reactivial' was added ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (0.305ml) and anhydrous ethanol (0.5ml). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16h, then at 105°C for 5h and then allowed to cool. The solvent was evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane which was loaded onto a silica solid phase extraction cartridge (10g, Varian Bondelut) and this was eluted with cyclohexane and then 5% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.252g) as a light brown solid. LCMS R, 2.92min, m/z 253 [MH+]
Description 37: r2-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid
Figure imgf000047_0002
To Description 31 (0.076g) in a 'Reactivial' was added ethanol (0.665ml) and 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.478ml) and the mixture stirred at 70°C for 3.5h. After allowing to cool, the mixture was neutralised by addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid (approximately 0.375ml) then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen to dryness to give the title compound as a mixture with inorganic salts as a brown solid. LCMS R, 2.52 min, m/z 225 [MH+]
Description 34: f5-Methyl-2-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000048_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 31 using 4-bromo- 3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (for preparation see Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1988, 31(10), 1910-18). LCMS m/z 267 [MH+]
Description 40: [5-Methyl-2-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-vπacetic acid
Figure imgf000048_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 37 from Description 34.
LCMS m/z 239 [MH+]
Description 32: f2-(3-Methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)thiazol-4-vnacetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000048_0003
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 31 using Description 15. LCMS m/z 252 [MH+]
Description 38: r2-(3-Methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid
Figure imgf000049_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 37 from Description 32. LCMS m/z 224 [MH+]
Description 35: f5-Methyl-2-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000049_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 31 using Description 15 and 4-bromo-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (for preparation see Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1988, 31(10), 1910-18). LCMS m/z 266 [MH+]
Description 41 : f5-Methyl-2-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid
Figure imgf000049_0003
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 37 from Description 35. LCMS m/z 238 [MH+]
Description 33: f2-(4-Methyl-ri ,2,31-thiadiazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-vHacetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000050_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 31 using 4-methyl- [1,2,3]thiadiazole-5-carbothioic acid amide (for preparation see WO 00/06606). LCMS m/z 270 [MH+]
Description 39: r2-(4-Methyl-M .2.31-thiadiazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yllacetic acid
Figure imgf000050_0002
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 37 from Description 33. LCMS m/z 242 [MH*]
Description 36: r5-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-H .2.31-thiadiazol-5-vnthiazol-4-vnacetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000050_0003
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 31 using 4-methyl- [1 ,2,3]thiadiazole-5-carbothioic acid amide (for preparation see WO 00/06606) and 4-bromo-3-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (for preparation see Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1988, 31(10), 1910-18). LCMS m/z 284 [MH+] Description 42: r5-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-f 1 ,2.31-thiadiazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-vπacetic acid
Figure imgf000051_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Description 37 from Description 36. LCMS m/z 256 [MH+]
Examples
Synthetic Method A
Example 10
Figure imgf000051_0002
A solution of 1 H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid (0.172g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml) was treated with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.124g), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.200g), Description 5 (0.176g) as a solution in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.112ml), and the mixture stirred at room temperature for six days. The solution was then diluted with dichloromethane (30ml) and washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (30ml) and dilute aqueous sodium chloride (2 x 30ml). The organic phase was separated using three hydrophobic frits (12ml) and drained directly onto an SCX (10g) ion exchange cartridge, which had been pre-treated with methanol and which was then eluted with methanol and 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol. The basic fractions were combined and evaporated to give a brown film which was redissolved in dichloromethane and purified by chromatography on silica gel (Varian Bond Elut, 5g), eluting successively with dichloromethane, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile and methanol. The methanol fractions were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.042g) as a brown gum.
LC-MS : Rt = 2.11 min. Mass Spectrum m/z 385 [MH*]
Synthetic Method A (alternative procedure) Example 16
Figure imgf000052_0001
A solution of 3-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -acetic acid [CAS 180741-30-4] (0.017g) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (0.042g) in acetonitrile (2ml) was stirred for 10min then treated with a solution of Description 5 (0.030g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.045g) in acetonitrile (1ml). The mixture was stirred for 3.5h then left to stand over the weekend. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (20ml) and 0.5M aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (20ml), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.033g) as a pale brown gum.
LC-MS: Rt = 2.18min. Mass Spectrum m/z 397[MH+]
Synthetic Method A (Alternative Procedure 2)
Example 33: N-r4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyl12-pyridin-3-yl- acetamide; compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000052_0002
To pyridin-3-yl-acetic acid (0.027g) was added a portion (0.25ml) of a solution of Description 3 (0.955g) in dichloromethane (3J2ml) and the dichloromethane allowed to evaporate. The mixture was had N-methylpyrrolidinone (1 drop) added to it before being subjected to heating in a microwave oven (4 minutes at full power) then allowed to cool. The sample was purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the title compound (0.018g). LCMS R, 2.03min, m/z 394 [MH+]
Synthetic Method A (Alternative Procedure 3)
Example 84: N-f(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyl1-3-r2-(5- methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-vπpropionamide; compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000053_0001
To Description 47 (0.073g) in a 'Reactivial' was added ethanol (0.665ml) and 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.478ml) and the mixture stirred at 70°C for 3.5hr. After allowing to cool, the mixture was neutralised by addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid (approximately 0.375ml) then the solvents evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen to leave a beige solid. Half of the solid was added to Description 5 (0.039g), in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml) followed by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.027g), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.044g ) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.027ml). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 19hr, then diluted with dichloromethane (7.5ml). The mixture was washed successively with dilute aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (7.5ml) and dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2x7.5ml) with vigorous shaking. The organic phase was separated using a hydrophobic frit and applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol). Four column volumes of methanol were eluted and discarded. Two column volumes of 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol was eluted, collected and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen to give a brown gum. The gum was further purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after evaporation of the solvents under a stream of nitrogen, the title compound (O.OOδg) as a colourless film. LCMS Rt 2.83 min, m/z 495 [MH+] Example 86: N-f(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyll-3-r2-(5-methyl- isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yllpropionamide; compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000054_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 84 using Description
8.
LCMS Rt 2.59 min, m/z 463 [MH+]
Synthetic Method B Example 6 and Example 3
Figure imgf000054_0002
A solution of 5-isopropyltetrazole (Tetrahedron (1999), 55(29), 8997-9006) (0.095g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10ml) was treated with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.155g) and stirred at room temperature for twenty five minutes. Description 9 (0.167g) was then added as a solution in N.N- dimethylformamide (10ml) and the mixture stirred at 60° for 16 hours. After cooling, the solvent was removed, the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and this solution washed with water. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane, then the combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4), and the solvent concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified using mass directed HPLC. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to give the title compound Example 6 (0.021g) as a colourless oil. LC-MS : Rt = 2.21 min. Mass Spectrum m/z [MH*] 427
Appropriate other fractions were combined and evaporated to give the title compound Example 3 (0.027g) as a colourless oil. LC-MS : Rt = 2.35min. Mass Spectrum m/z [MH+] 427
Synthetic Method B (Alternative procedure 1 )
Example 37: 1-({f4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyllcarbamoyl>methyl)- 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000055_0001
3,5-Dimethyl-4-formyl phenoxyethoxymethyl polystyrene aldehyde resin (1.Og @ 0.9mmol/g loading) was swollen with the minimum quantity of a solution of 1% acetic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide to form a slurry. A solution of Description 3 (0.969g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml) was added and the mixture shaken at room temperature for 100 min. A solution of 1% acetic acid in N,N- dimethylformamide (10ml) was added, followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.333g). The reaction was shaken for 20 min before a further portion of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.30g) was added and the reaction shaken at room temperature for a further 18 hrs. The reaction solution was removed by filtration and the resin washed with N,N-dimethylformamide (5 x 10ml), methanol (5 x 10ml), dichloromethane (5 x 10ml) and diethyl ether (3 x 10ml) before being dried in vacuo. A portion of the resin (0.1 Og) was swollen with dichloromethane and then drained. A solution of diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.0705ml) and bromo acetic acid (0.125g) in a 1:1 solution of dichloromethane/N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml) was prepared and stirred for 5 min before being added to the resin. The resin mixture was shaken at room temperature for 2 hrs, the reaction solution removed by filtration and the resin washed with N,N-dimethylformamide (5 x 10ml), methanol (5 x 10ml) and dichloromethane (5 x 10ml). A solution of potassium- terf-butoxide (50mg) and 4-bromo-1 H-imidazole (0.132g) in N,N- dimethylformamide (1ml) was prepared and stirred for 5 min before this was added to the resin. The reaction mixture was heated to 60°C and shaken for 18 hrs. The reaction solution was removed by filtration and the resin washed with N,N-dimethylformamide (5 x 1ml), methanol (5 x 1ml) and dichloromethane (5 x 1 ml). A 1 :1 solution of trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (1 ml) was added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 90 min, before the reaction solution was collected by filtration. This was combined with the solution from washing the resin with dichloromethane (1ml). The volatiles were removed by evaporation and the residue was purified by mass-directed-autoprep to give the title compound (0.008g). LCMS R, 2.33 min, m/z 469 [MH+].
Synthetic Method B Alternative procedure 2
Example 45: 1-αr(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyllcarbamoyl)methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000056_0001
Potassium tert-butoxide (0.045g) was added to a solution 1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.055g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 0J5h before a solution of Description 9 (0.099g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5ml) was added to it. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 2h then left to stand overnight. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (35ml), washed with 1 M aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (30ml) and water (30ml), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to give a gum. The gum was purified on a 20g SPE cartridge, eluting initially with ethyl acetate and then with a (100:1 ) mixture of ethyl acetate/methanol. The product containg fractions were evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.032g) as a pale brown gum. LCMS R, 2.62 min, m/z 483 [MH+]
Synthetic Method C (interconversion) Example 4 and Example 9
Figure imgf000057_0001
A stirred solution of Example 10 (0.038g) in dichloromethane (1.5ml) and methanol (0.5ml) was treated dropwise at room temperature with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (0.22ml of 10% solution in hexane). After 2 hours stirring at room temperature, acetic acid (0.1ml) was added and the solvent evaporated under a stream of nitrogen to dryness. The residue was loaded onto an SCX (2g) ion exchange cartridge, which had been pre-treated with methanol and which was then eluted with methanol and 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol. The basic fractions were combined and evaporated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (Varian Bond Elut, 2g), eluting with 5% methanol/ethyl acetate then methanol. Mixed fractions were repurified similarly on silica gel (Varian Bond-Elut, 1g) to give the title compound Example 4 (0.0073g) as a clear colourless film.LC-MS : Rt = 2.14 min. Mass Spectrum m/z 399 [MH+]
Other appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to give the title compound Example 9 (0.0061g) as a clear colourless film. LC-MS : Rt = 2.14 min. Mass Spectrum m/z 399 [MH+]
Synthetic Method D (Interconversion)
Example 63: N-f5-((f(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- ylmethyllcarbamoyl)methyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yllpropionamide
Figure imgf000057_0002
To Example 59 (0.036g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml) was added N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.035ml) and propanoyl chloride (0.0086ml), and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 5h. The mixture was applied directly to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (1g, Isolute SCX), and eluted with methanol followed by 10% 880 ammonia in methanol. The methanol/ammonia fraction was evaporated to give the crude product. Purification by mass-directed preparative HPLC gave the title compound (0.0061g). LCMS R, 2.16 min, m/z 454 [MH+]
Synthetic Method E (Interconversion)
Example 100: 2-(3-Acetylamino-isoxazol-5-yl)-N-r(2S)-4-(3.4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyllacetamide; compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000058_0001
To a solution of Example 98 (0.050g) in anhydrous dichloromethane (3.5ml) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.033ml) and acetyl chloride (0.0135ml). After stirring for 3hrs at 20°C, further N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.022ml) and acetyl chloride (0.009ml) were added. The mixture was stirred at 20°C overnight before the solvent was removed under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was diluted with ethanol (4ml) and had 0.880 ammonia (0.1 ml) added to it before stirring at 20°C for 20mins. The solvent was partially removed under a stream of nitrogen and the mixture was applied directly to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge eluted with methanol followed by 5% triethylamine in methanol. The solvent was removed from the basic fraction in vacuo and the residue purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after removal of the solvent, the title compound (0.0197g). LCMS R, 2.19 min, m/z 441 [MH+]
Synthetic Method F (Interconversion)
Example 77: 5-((f(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzvnmorpholin-2- ylmethyllcarbamoyl)methyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid; compound with triethyl-amine
Figure imgf000059_0001
To a solution of Example 75 (0.222g) in methanol (3ml) was added 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.488ml) and water (3ml). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 0.5h before being left to stand overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a gum, which was re-dissolved in water and the pH of the solution was adjusted to pH7 by the addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture was applied onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (10g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge was eluted with water (x3) followed by 5% triethylamine in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and the solvent removed under a stream of nitrogen to give the title compound as a light brown gum (0.223g). LCMS R, 2.21 min, m/z 427 [MH+]
Synthetic Method G (Interconversion)
Example 50: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethvn-2-r5-(3- methyl-π,2,41oxadiazol-5-yl)furan-2-yl1acetamide
Figure imgf000059_0002
To a solution of Example 75 (0.0642g) in ethanol (2ml) was added acetamidoxime (0.052g) (prepared according to Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1986), 29(11 ), 2174-83) in ethanol (2ml). The suspension was treated with activated 4A powdered molecular sieves (0.240g) and stirred for 5mins. To the suspension was added 21% sodium ethoxide in ethanol (0.104ml) and the mixture heated at reflux for 4J5hrs. The mixture was cooled and allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. The mixture was applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge was eluted with methanol (x3) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in acetonitrile/methanol and was applied directly onto a quaternary ammonium ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SAX, pretreated with acetonitrile) and the cartridge was eluted with acetonitrile (x3) followed by 10% citric acid in acetonitrile (x2). The solvent was removed from the first acetonitrile fraction in vacuo. The residue was further purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after removal of the solvent in vacuo, the title compound as a colourless glass (0.0032g). LCMS R, 2.46 min, m/z 465 [MH+]
Synthetic Method H
Example 69: N-r(2S)-4-(3,4-Difluorobenzvnmorpholin-2-ylmethvn-3-(3-methyl- π .2,41oxadiazol-5-yl)propionamide
Figure imgf000060_0001
A mixture of Description 24 (0.055q), 4-(N,N-dimethyl)aminopyridine (0.01 Og), methylamidoxime (0.015g) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.027g) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2ml) was heated at 100°C for 3 days. After cooling, the mixture was applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge was eluted with methanol (x3) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo. The residue was further purified by Biotage™ flash chromatography on silica gel (8g cartridge), eluting with 100:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution. The required fractions were combined and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a pale yellow gum (0.0194g). LCMS Rt 1.86 min, m/z 381 [MH+] Synthetic Method I (Interconversion) Example 30: N'-r5-(fr(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzvnmorpholin-2- ylmethyl1carbamoyl)methyl)furan-2-carbonvπhvdrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
Figure imgf000061_0001
To a solution of Example 77 (0.084g) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3ml) was added 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.030g), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.0525g). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 10mins before tert-butylcarbazide (0.0226g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.0596ml) were added and the mixture stirred for a further 30mins at 20°C before being left to stand overnight. The mixture was diluted with methanol and applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge was eluted with methanol (x3) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo. The residue was further purified by Biotage™ flash chromatography on silica gel (8g cartridge), eluting with 170:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution. The required fractions were combined and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (0.0655g). LCMS Rt 2.47 min, m/z 541 [MH+]
Synthetic Method J (Interconversion)
Example 46: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyll-2-(5- hydrazinocarbonylfuran-2-yl)acetamide
Figure imgf000062_0001
To a solution of Example 30 (0.0655g) in methanol (4ml) was added 4.0M HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (1ml) and the mixture was stirred at 20°C for 3hrs. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue re-dissolved in methanol and applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (5g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol). The cartridge was eluted with methanol (x3) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (x2). The solvent was removed from the first basic fraction in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless glass (0.0532g). LCMS R, 2.05 min, m/z 441 [MH+]
Synthetic Method K (Interconversion)
Example 48: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyll-2-f5-(5- methyl-f1.3,4loxadiazol-2-yl)furan-2-yllacetamide
Figure imgf000062_0002
A solution of Example 46 (0.0312g) in triethylorthoacetate (0.22ml) was heated in a 'Reacti-vial' at 160°C for 21 hrs. The mixture was diluted with methanol and directly applied onto a sulphonic acid ion exhange cartridge (5g Isolute SCX, pre- washed with methanol). The cartridge was eluted with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol and the first basic fraction concentrated in vacuo. The residue was further purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after removal of the solvent in vacuo, the title compound as a colourless gum (0.0117g).
LCMS Rt 2.41 min, m/z 465 [MH+] Synthetic Method L (Interconversion)
Example 78: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzvnmorpholin-2-ylmethyl1-2-r5-(5- methyl-4H-π .2,41triazol-3-yl)furan-2-vnacetamide
Figure imgf000063_0001
A solution of sodium hydroxide (0.102g) in anhydrous methanol (3ml) was prepared and a portion of the solution (0.142ml) added to ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride (0.015g). After stirring the mixture for 2min and leaving to stand for a further 5min, the supernatant of the mixture was transferred by syringe to a 'Reacti-vial' charged with Example 46 (0.0532g). The mixture was heated to 90°C for 3hrs before cooling to room temperature and concentrating under a stream of nitrogen. The concentrated mixture was purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC and the solvent removed in vacuo to give a colouriless gum. The gum was further purified by dissolving in dichloromethane and applying the solution to a silica solid phase extraction cartridge (0.5g, Varian Bondelut, pre- washed with dichloromethane) eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone and methanol. The solvent was evaporated from the acetone fractions in vacuo and the residue further purified by Biotage™ flash chromatography on silica gel (8g cartridge), eluting with 100:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution. The solvents were evaporated from the required combined fractions to give the title compound as a colourless gum (0.0051 g). LCMS R, 2.32 min, m/z 464 [MH+]
Example 35: N-r(2R)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyl1-2-furan-2-yl- acetamide
Figure imgf000064_0001
The racemic mixture (0.018g) (for preparation see WO 02/26722) was separated on a Chiralpak AD preparative hplc column (25x2cm), eluted with 20% ethanol in n-heptane. The flow rate was 10ml/min and detection wavelength 215nm. Fractions containing the required product (first eluting enantiomer) were combined and evaporated. The residue obtained was re-dissolved in 1 ,4- dioxane and lyophilised to give the title compound (0.013g). LCMS Rt 2.46 min, m/z 383 [MH+]
Example 27: 5-(2-(r(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzvnmorpholin-2- ylmethyl1carbamoyl)ethyl)-H ,2,41oxadiazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide; compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000064_0002
To a solution of Description 8 (0.016g) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml) was added Description 56 (0.0275g). To the solution was added 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (0.0107g), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.024ml) and 1-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.015g). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 17h. The mixture was applied onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol) and the cartridge eluted with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol. The solvent was removed from the basic fraction in vacuo. The residue was purified by mass-directed preparative HPLC to give, after removal of the solvent, the title compound (0.0063g). LCMS Rt 2.02 min, m/z 438 [MH+] Example 88: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-ylmethyll-2-r4-methyl-2- (5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-5-yllacetamide: compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000065_0001
To Description 48 (0.071 g) in a 'Reactivial' was added ethanol (0.665ml) and 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.478ml) and the mixture stirred at 70°C for 3.5hr. After allowing to cool, the mixture was neutralised by addition of 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid (approximately 0.375ml) then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen to leave a brown solid. Half of the solid was added to Description 5 (0.039g), in N,N-dimethylformamide (1ml) followed by 1- hydroxybenzotriazole (0.027g), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.044g ) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.027ml). The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 19h then diluted with dichloromethane (7.5ml). The solution was washed successively with dilute aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (1x7.5ml) and dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2x7.5ml) with vigorous shaking. The organic phase was separated using a hydrophobic frit and applied directly onto a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g, Isolute SCX, pretreated with methanol). Four column volumes of methanol were eluted and discarded. Two column volumes of 10% 0.880 ammonia/methanol was eluted, collected and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen to give a brown gum. The gum was further purified by mass- directed preparative HPLC to give, after evaporation of the solvents under a stream of nitrogen, the title compound (O.OOδg) as a clear brown film as a 3:1 mixture with Example 84 as the minor component. LCMS R, 2.82 min, m/z 495 [MH+]
Example 90: N-r(2S)-4-(3.4-Difluorobenzyl)morpho1in-2-ylmethyll-2-r4-methyl-2- (5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-5-vπacetamide; compound with formic acid
Figure imgf000066_0001
Prepared in an analogous manner to that used for Example 88 using Description 8. LCMS R, 2.57 min, m/z 463 [MH+]
Table 1
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000067_0002
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Table 2
Figure imgf000070_0001
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000076_0001
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000078_0001
Synthetic Method A was used for the preparation of Examples 19, 20, 21 , 23, 24,
26, 28, 75, 76, 92, 94, 95, 97, 99, 101, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 29, 47,
51 , 55, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 27, 96, 33, 35, 86, 90, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111 , 41 , 39, 25, 84, and 88.
Synthetic Method A+F+l+J+L was used for the preparation of Example 31.
Synthetic Method A+J was used for the preparation of Example 98.
Synthetic Method B (Alternative procedure 1) was used for the preparation of
Examples 43 and 37. Synthetic Method B (Alternative Procedure 2) was used for the preparation of
Example 45.
Synthetic Method D was used for the preparation of Examples 61 , 65, and 63.
Synthetic Method E was used for the preparation of Examples 102, 104, 106,
108, 110, and 100. Synthetic Method F was used for the preparation of Examples 22 and 77.
Synthetic Method G was used for the preparation of Example 50.
Synthetic Method H was used for the preparation of Example 67, 71 , and 69.
Synthetic Method I was used for the preparation of Examples 32, 34, 36, 38, 40,
42, 44, 79, 80, 81 , 82, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 , 93, and 30. Synthetic Method J was used for the preparation of Examples 59 and 46.
Synthetic Method K was used for the preparation of Example 48. Synthetic Method L was used for the preparation of Example 78.
** NMR data for Example 59
1 H NMR (D4-MeOH 400MHz) 8.14 (1 H,s) 7.53 (1 H, s) 7.48 (1 H,d) 7.27 (1 H, d) 3.86 (1 H,m) 3.62 (2H,m) 3.53 (2H,s) 3.42 (2H,s) 3.24 (2H,m) 2J6 (1 H,d) 2.68 (1 H,d) 2.23 (1H,m) 1.96 (1 H,t)
Table 3
Figure imgf000080_0001
Figure imgf000080_0002
Table 4
Figure imgf000080_0003
Figure imgf000081_0001
Figure imgf000082_0001
Figure imgf000083_0001
Figure imgf000084_0001
Figure imgf000085_0001

Claims

Claims
Figure imgf000086_0001
wherein:
R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
Y represents -(CRnaRnb)n-; Rna and Rn are each independently hydrogen or C^alkyl; n is an integer from 1 to 5;
R2 represents unsubstituted or substituted aryl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
R3 represents hydrogen or C^alkyl; and salts and solvates thereof; with the provisos that; R1 is not oxazolyl;
R1 is not substituted by phenyl, and; the following compounds are excluded; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H- -indol-3-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-thien-3-ylacetamide; N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1 H- -pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide; 2-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- -yl]methyl}acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4- -yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-furyl)acetamide; 2-(3-acetyl-1-benzothien-4-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- -yl]methyl}acetamide trifluoroacetate;
2-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- -yl]methyl}acetamide compound with formic acid (1:1); N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-furyl)acetamide; 2-(4-bromo-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-
-yl] methyljacetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide; N-{[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(2,3-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide;
N-({4-[(5-chlorothien-2-yl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3- -thiazol-4-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3-chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-thiazol-4-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-yl-1 ,3-
-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide; methyl 2-[2-({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-
-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-
-yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetraazol-2- -yl)acetamide;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-pyridin-3-yl-2H-tetraazol-2-
-yl)acetamide; methyl 1-[2-({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-
-1H-1 ,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate compound with methyl 1-[2-({[4-(3,4- -dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-1 H-1 ,2,3-
-benzotriazole-6-carboxylate (1 :1 );
N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(5-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-yl-
-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide, and;
N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2,3-dimethylquinoxalin-6- -yl)acetamide.
2. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein R1 is unsubstituted or substituted imidazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted oxadiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted thiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted thiophenyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxadiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxathiazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyridinyl, unsubstituted or substituted furanyl, unsubstituted or substituted isoxazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted tetrazolyl and unsubstituted or substituted pyrazolyl.
3. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1or claim 2 wherein R1 is 3- (tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(amino)pyrazol-5-yl, 3- (acetamido)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(propionamido)pyrazol-5-yl, 3-(/so- propylcarbonylamino)pyrazol-5-yl, furan-2-yl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5- methylimidazol-1-yl, 5-(bromo)imidazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-1 ,3,4-triazol-2-yl, 3-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 4-(carboxy)furan-2- yl, 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl, 3-(tert-butyl)isoxazol-5-yl, thiophen-2-yl, 3- methoxyisoxazol-5-yl, 4-methylthiazol-5-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-3- yl, 3-methylisoxadiazol-4-yl, isoxathiazol-5-yl, 3-methylisoxazol-5-yl, 2- methylthiazol-4-yl, 5-(tert-butoxycarbonylhydrazinocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-
(hydrazinocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(3-methyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)furan-2-yl, 5-(2- methyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl)furan-2-yl, 3-amino-2-methyl-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-amino- 1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 3-amino-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrazol-1- yl, 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(methylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2- (ethoxycarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(ethylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(/'so- propylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(cyclopropylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2- (cyclopropylmethylaminocarbonyl)furan-5-yl, 2-(5-methyl-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl)furan-2-yl, 3-(methylaminocarbonyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3- (ethylaminocarbonyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-(/so-propylaminocarbonyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl, 2-chlorothiophen-4-yl, 3-aminoisoxazol-5-yl, 3-acetamidoisoxazol- 5-yl, 3-propionamidoisoxazol-5-yl, 3-(/so-propylcarbonylamino)isoxazol-5-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(methoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4-(/so- propylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4-(ethylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4- (methylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(ethylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5- (methylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 5-(/so-propylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, furan-2-yl, 2-(5-methylisoxazol-3- yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(1-methylimidazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(4-methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazol- 5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 5-methyl-2-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 5-methyl-2-(1 - methylimidazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 2-(4-methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-5- methylthiazol-4-yl, 2-(1-methylimidazol-5-yl)thiazol-4-yl, 4-methyl-2-(5- methylisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl, 4-methyl-2-(5-methylisoxazol-5-yl)thiazol-5-yl, 3- (thiophen-2-yl)-4-(methyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-( so-propyl)tetrazol-1-yl, 5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-l-yl, 3-(thiazol-2-yl)pyrazol-1-yl, 5-(piperidin-1-yl)tetrazol- 2-yl, 5-(piperidin-1-yl)tetrazol-1-yl, 1-(methyl)tetrazol-5-yl, tetrazol-5-yl, 5- (methyl)isoxazol-3-yl, 5-(/so-propyl)tetrazol-2-yl, 2-(methyl)tetrazol-5-yl, 3- (methyl)isoxazol-5-yl, 3-(formyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3-(methyl)pyrazol-1-yl, 3,5- dimethylpyrazol-1-yl, or 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrazol-1-yl.
4. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein Rna and Rnb are both hydrogen.
5. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein n is 1 or 2.
6. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R3 is hydrogen.
7. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R2 is phenyl substituted with chloro or fluoro, or thiophenyl substituted with chloro.
8. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R2 is 3-fluorophenyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyI, 2-chlorothiophen-4-yl, 3- chlorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl or 3,4-dichlorophenyl.
9. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 selected from the Examples.
10. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 9 selected from Examples 1 , 2, 3, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20. 21 , 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31 , 32, 34. 36, 40, 42, 45,
46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 63. 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71 , 72, 73, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81 , 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 , 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110. and 111.
11. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 9 selected from Examples 1 , 2, 3, 19. 23, 27. 32, 34, 36, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 54, 58, 63, 64. 65. 67, 71 , 75,
76, 78, 80, 89, 91 , 93, 97, 102, 104, and 106.
12. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 9 selected from Examples 1 , 23, 32, 34, 36, 50, 71 , 78, and 97.
13. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 which process comprises the reaction of a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III);
Figure imgf000089_0001
wherein;
R1, Y, R3, and R2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I) in claim 1 in the presence of an activating agent and a peptide coupling agent, and thereafter, if required, carrying out one or more of the following optional steps:
(i) converting a compound of formula (I) to a further compound of formula (I);
(ii) removing any necessary protecting group;
(iii) preparing a salt or solvate of the compound so formed.
14. A process for the ptreparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein Y is - CH2- and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted N-linked heteroaryl group i.e. a compound of formula (XI)
Figure imgf000090_0001
which process comprises the reaction of a compound of formula (XII) with a compound of formula (XIII);
Figure imgf000090_0002
wherein (XII) is an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl group, L2 is a leaving group, and R3 and R2 are as hereinbefore defined for formula (I) in claim 1 , and thereafter, if required, carrying out one or more of the following optional steps: (i) converting a compound of formula (I) to a further compound of formula (I); (ii) removing any necessary protecting group; (iii) preparing a salt or solvate of the compound so formed.
15. A compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use as an active therapeutic agent.
16. A compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 , or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, for use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, e.g. asthma or rhinitis.
17. Use of a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis.
18. A method for the treatment of a human or animal subject suffering from or susceptible to an inflammatory condition e.g. asthma or rhinitis, which method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 , or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and optionally one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
20. A compound of formula (IIIBR)
Figure imgf000091_0001
(IIIBR)
wherein A is a protected amino group and R2 is as defined for formula (I) in claim 1.
21. A compound of formula (IIIBE).
Figure imgf000091_0002
(IIIBE) wherein A is a protected amino group and R2 is as defined for formula (I) in claim 1.
22. A compound of formula (XIII).
Figure imgf000092_0001
wherein L2 is a leaving group and R3 and R4 are as defined for formula (I) in claim 1.
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