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WO2003064688A2 - Procede de generation et de gestion de sequences uniques dans la production d'adn - Google Patents

Procede de generation et de gestion de sequences uniques dans la production d'adn Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003064688A2
WO2003064688A2 PCT/GB2003/000369 GB0300369W WO03064688A2 WO 2003064688 A2 WO2003064688 A2 WO 2003064688A2 GB 0300369 W GB0300369 W GB 0300369W WO 03064688 A2 WO03064688 A2 WO 03064688A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nucleic acid
unique
acid chain
sequence
level
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/000369
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003064688A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Cleary
Original Assignee
Smartwater Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smartwater Limited filed Critical Smartwater Limited
Priority to AU2003207001A priority Critical patent/AU2003207001A1/en
Publication of WO2003064688A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003064688A2/fr
Publication of WO2003064688A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003064688A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids

Definitions

  • DNA production and particularly in relation to security or tracking devices.
  • Synthetic DNA has been used as a tracking and security device, as discussed in International PCT applications PCT/GB91/00719 and PCT/GB93/01822.
  • the coding used to describe the base sequence does not lend itself to easy computer handling.
  • the sequences are represented usually by a series of letters and digits separated by commas. Although these do provide all the necessary information to fully describe the sequence, this type of representation does not lend itself to automated production of sequences or easy management of those sequences produced.
  • Synthetic DNA has to date been exclusively used as a tracking/security product due to the unique nature of the sequences and the small amount of material required to perform an identification.
  • the present invention discloses a way of modeling and producing synthetic nucleic acid chains (DNA) so as to contain a unique identifying marker that can be assigned to a unique origin.
  • the present invention provides a method of generating and managing unique sequences of synthetic nucleic acid, comprising: applying a secure interpretation system to known unique decimal number; and synthesising a nucleic acid chain based on the sequence provided by the interpretation of said decimal number.
  • the present invention provides a method of tracing and/or identifying goods comprising: modeling and synthesising at least one nucleic acid chain with a base sequence contained therein; applying a secure interpretation system to obtain a unique identifying marker from the base sequence; establishing a database in which the unique identifying marker is assigned to a unique source; and determining to which items the synthesised nucleic acid chain has be applied and identifying the base sequence therein and obtaining the unique identifying marker from said sequence so as to determine the unique source from the database.
  • an indicator is also applied to any items to which the nucleic acid chain is applied, thus facilitating identification of the tagged items.
  • the invention further provides for a security composition for tracing or identifying goods, comprising an indicator material and at least one nucleic acid chain, which has been synthesised to store a unique identifying marker.
  • the above composition also comprises a solvent system for the indicator material, said solvent system containing a solvent which is volatile under conditions of application.
  • the present invention involves the use of a multilevel security product.
  • At least one additional level of security is provided by the composition further comprising a plurality of separately identifiable trace materials that can be varied in such a manner as to produce unique formulations, the combination of trace materials being varied by modeling each composition on a binary string to produce a unique code.
  • the unique chemical code may provide the information required to determine the primers necessary to breed the nucleic acid to a level suitable for analysis of the unique identifying marker stored therein.
  • the primer specification can be obtained via the mathematical processing of the unique code.
  • Such security product provides a concealed extra level that would not be apparent to any would-be counterfeiter and furthermore without knowledge of the mathematical process involved, the chemical from the first layer product cannot be converted into the information required to identify the primers required to access the unique identifying code held within the nucleic acid sequence.
  • the unique chemical code may indicate the start location and/or size of a sequence of bases within the nucleic acid chain, such sequence providing the unique identifying marker.
  • the indicator which shows where the composition has been applied, is covert.
  • a suitable covert indicator could be visible under ultraviolet light only, but alternative types will be appreciated by the skilled man.
  • composition is adapted for aerosol spraying.
  • the multilevel security product in accordance with the present invention can suitably be utilised in connection with the compositions disclosed in our UK Patent Nos. 2286044 and 2319337. Detailed Description of the Invention
  • the synthesis of modeled sequences of nucleic acid can be achieved by methods and procedures currently known in the technology field of nucleic acid synthesis, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
  • PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • the present invention utilises this technology to provide nucleic acid chains with specific base sequences which have been modeled according to the secure interpretation systems discussed below, such base sequences being modeled to provide unique identifying markers following their interpretation using a secure interpretation system.
  • the present invention provides a number of these secure interpretation systems that utilise the unique codes held within the modeled base sequences to store an identifying marker. Such markers are in turn assigned to a unique source i.e. the owner or maker of the item to which the tag has been applied.
  • the present invention provides mechanisms for representing the base sequence within a nucleic acid chain (i.e. DNA) with a simple numerical code. Each sequence can therefore be represented by a numerical code that is unique to that sequence.
  • each of the four main bases Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T), are assigned values of 1 ,2,3 and 4 respectively.
  • This value may be represented via a 3 digit binary string.
  • the resulting strings can then be combined to form a single composite string.
  • Such a composite string may be used as a unique identifying marker in itself. However, it is more preferable that the decimal equivalent of the string is used to express the unique numerical value of that sequence.
  • This coding can be used as a model to produce unique nucleic acid strands in an automated and computer controlled manner. It provides a mathematical block on the duplication of nucleic acid strands and is more easily managed than the accepted alphabetic labeling of the base sequences of the oligonucleotide. Such a system can be applied in a single level security product in which the unique base sequence in its entirety encodes the unique identifying marker.
  • a higher level of security may be created by using a two level marker system, wherein the first level of information is provided by a unique chemical formulation of separately identifiable trace materials, being represented by its own unique code and serving as the first level of information within the product.
  • the second level being contained in the nucleic acid.
  • the nucleic acid strands can then be manufactured based on a mathematical relationship between it and the first level device.
  • the mathematical relationship between the two for security purposes, can be varied and be part of the information stored with the first level unique code.
  • the information stored in the first level unique code may be used to indicate the appropriate primer necessary to synthesize an effective amount of the nucleic acid chain, thus enabling the analysis of the unique identifying marker stored therein. It is appreciated that the first level unique code can be used to store other information relevant to the interpretation of the unique Identifying marker stored within the nucleic acid chain.
  • the first preferred system of the present invention is more suitable for relatively short oligonucleotides, e.g. less than 20 bases.
  • An alternative approach for a larger sequence would be to use just one base to carry the code.
  • the positions occupied by a particular base within the coding section could be used to provide the code, using a binary approach. Therefore, within this system, the presence or absence of the chosen base can be represented by a 1 or 0 respectively. Any other bases can be used to make up the sequence and these would simply add a 0 to the string.
  • the information stored in the first level unique code may be used to indicate the chosen base for the interpretation of the code.
  • the above systems could be applied to a specific region of bases on a nucleic acid strand.
  • the information stored in the first level unique code may be used to indicate the start/end location and/or size of a sequence of bases within the nucleic acid chain, such sequence providing the unique identifying marker.
  • the start and end location points of the base sequence may alternatively be marked by a specific base sequence (usually four bases long).
  • compositions of the present invention that have only one level security, i.e. composition that only contain the nucleic acid strand.
  • the start of the coding sequence could be given by the four part sequence AGCT, which sequence will only appear again at the end of the coding section. This also indicates that the coding will be obtained from the position of base A within the sequence.
  • the coding sequence reads AAACCCGGTGC which produces the binary code 11100000000. To conform with normal binary code usage this should be reversed and read right to left i.e. 00000000111 or decimal value 7. Alternatively the coding sequence within the code area could be assembled to run right to left to match this form of usage.
  • the present invention provides a mechanism for representing a nucleic acid (DNA) sequence as a simple decimal number, this could be proved mathematically (using a secure interpretation system)to have a specific sequence.
  • processor speeds would allow the production of thousands of such representation in seconds, which could then be used as a basis for synthesising the specific nucleic chain sequences by PCR.
  • the above disclosed secure interpretation systems will permit automation of the synthesis of nucleic acid chain that encode a unique identifying marker.
  • a computer programmed with the appropriate secure interpretation system could apply a simple process to produce a large number base sequences corresponding to a known sequence of unique decimal numbers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de modélisation et de synthèse de chaînes d'acides nucléiques (ADN) pour la mémorisation d'un marqueur d'identification unique, chaque marqueur d'identification étant attribué à une origine particulière. L'ADN produit par ledit procédé peut être utilisé dans un produit d'étiquetage de sécurité. Ledit produit possède éventuellement un second niveau de sécurité fourni par un code clé conservé dans une formule spécifique de matières de traçage. Le produit de sécurité se caractérise en ce qu'il peut être généralement appliqué aux surfaces d'un bien, de manière qu'un marqueur d'identification unique spécifique du propriétaire d'origine ou ayant-droit dudit bien soit produit.
PCT/GB2003/000369 2002-01-29 2003-01-29 Procede de generation et de gestion de sequences uniques dans la production d'adn WO2003064688A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003207001A AU2003207001A1 (en) 2002-01-29 2003-01-29 Method of generation and management of unique sequences in dna production

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0201966.9A GB0201966D0 (en) 2002-01-29 2002-01-29 Improvements in or relating to security products
GB0201966.9 2002-01-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003064688A2 true WO2003064688A2 (fr) 2003-08-07
WO2003064688A3 WO2003064688A3 (fr) 2005-01-20

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PCT/GB2003/000369 WO2003064688A2 (fr) 2002-01-29 2003-01-29 Procede de generation et de gestion de sequences uniques dans la production d'adn

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003207001A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB0201966D0 (fr)
HK (1) HK1054572B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003064688A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008033042A2 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Agresearch Limited Procédé d'identification
WO2017011492A1 (fr) * 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Procédés de stockage d'informations récupérables utilisant des acides nucléiques
US10460220B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2019-10-29 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of storing information using nucleic acids

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2472982B (en) * 2009-08-24 2012-01-18 S & T Systems Ltd Apparatus for dispensing a marker liquid
DE102010040521B3 (de) * 2010-09-09 2012-01-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Auslesen einer Markierung und zur Identifizierung eines Objekts
GB2487201B (en) 2011-01-12 2014-04-30 S & T Systems Ltd Protection of articles against theft
GB201110508D0 (en) * 2011-06-22 2011-08-03 Smartwater Technology Ltd A method for applying a marker to an electrical cable during manufacture

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5665538A (en) * 1990-05-04 1997-09-09 Slater; James Howard Ultrasensitive microtrace procedure for monitoring the origin of a material
GB2319337A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-20 Probe Fx Patents Limited Composition for applying to goods as tracer or identifier
WO1999034984A1 (fr) * 1998-01-07 1999-07-15 Dna Technologies, Inc. Procede de marquage applique a la lutte contre les detournements de produits et leurs contrefaçons
WO2001080431A1 (fr) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-25 Satoshi Omori Informations relatives a des sequences nucleotidiques et procede et dispositif permettant d'enregistrer des informations relatives a la sequence d'un acide amine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1242618B1 (fr) * 1999-05-06 2006-12-06 Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University Stéganographie à base d'ADN
GB0103364D0 (en) * 2001-02-10 2001-03-28 Nat Inst Of Agricultural Botan Storage of encoded information within biological macromolecules

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5665538A (en) * 1990-05-04 1997-09-09 Slater; James Howard Ultrasensitive microtrace procedure for monitoring the origin of a material
GB2319337A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-20 Probe Fx Patents Limited Composition for applying to goods as tracer or identifier
WO1999034984A1 (fr) * 1998-01-07 1999-07-15 Dna Technologies, Inc. Procede de marquage applique a la lutte contre les detournements de produits et leurs contrefaçons
WO2001080431A1 (fr) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-25 Satoshi Omori Informations relatives a des sequences nucleotidiques et procede et dispositif permettant d'enregistrer des informations relatives a la sequence d'un acide amine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LEIER ANDRE ET AL: "Cryptography with DNA binary strands" BIOSYSTEMS, vol. 57, no. 1, June 2000 (2000-06), pages 13-22, XP002305546 ISSN: 0303-2647 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008033042A2 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Agresearch Limited Procédé d'identification
WO2008033042A3 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-07-17 Agres Ltd Procédé d'identification
US10460220B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2019-10-29 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of storing information using nucleic acids
US11900191B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2024-02-13 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of storing information using nucleic acids
US12067434B2 (en) 2012-07-19 2024-08-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods of storing information using nucleic acids
WO2017011492A1 (fr) * 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Procédés de stockage d'informations récupérables utilisant des acides nucléiques
US9928869B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2018-03-27 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods for retrievable information storage using nucleic acids
US10289801B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2019-05-14 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods for retrievable information storage using nucleic acids
US11532380B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2022-12-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Methods for using nucleic acids to store, retrieve and access information comprising a text, image, video or audio format

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1054572A1 (en) 2003-12-05
AU2003207001A1 (en) 2003-09-02
GB0301971D0 (en) 2003-02-26
HK1054572B (zh) 2006-02-03
WO2003064688A3 (fr) 2005-01-20
GB2385853A (en) 2003-09-03
GB0201966D0 (en) 2002-03-13
GB2385853B (en) 2005-11-23

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