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WO2002032307A1 - Method and system for measuring dimensions of an organ - Google Patents

Method and system for measuring dimensions of an organ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002032307A1
WO2002032307A1 PCT/IL2001/000959 IL0100959W WO0232307A1 WO 2002032307 A1 WO2002032307 A1 WO 2002032307A1 IL 0100959 W IL0100959 W IL 0100959W WO 0232307 A1 WO0232307 A1 WO 0232307A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distance
organ
calibration device
reconstruction
markers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2001/000959
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Rami Evron
Tsuriel Assis
Ran Carmeli
Original Assignee
Paieon Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paieon Inc. filed Critical Paieon Inc.
Priority to AU2002212642A priority Critical patent/AU2002212642A1/en
Publication of WO2002032307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002032307A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1075—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions by non-invasive methods, e.g. for determining thickness of tissue layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/582—Calibration
    • A61B6/583—Calibration using calibration phantoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/12—Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods and systems for analyzing a computer reconstruction of an organ.
  • a diseased artery is often treated by insertion of a prosthesis such as a stent into the artery. Improper stent selection or its positioning within the artery may significantly increase the chance for re-narrowing of the artery and may even result in total blockage.
  • the dimensions of the stenosis (its diameter, length and cross section) must first be determined.
  • Imaging of an organ usually involves introducing a radio-opaque substance into the organ.
  • a contrast material such as an iodine solution
  • the contrast material is carried from the catheter tip by the blood flow and an X-ray image of the arterial anatomy is obtained in the vicinity of the catheter tip.
  • the catheter may also be designed to function as a calibration device by bearing two radio-opaque markers separated by a known distance. The markers may be separated, for example, by the outer diameter of the catheter, or a selected distance along the catheter axis.
  • the calibration device is imaged together with the arteries, and the distance between the markers in the image is used to determine actual distances between features in the arterial anatomy.
  • the actual dimensions of a stenosis may thus be calculated from its dimensions in the image.
  • it is first necessary to determine the angle between the line of the markers and the plane of the image, as well as the angle between the artery and the plane of the image.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,671,291 discloses a catheter tip having at least three unevenly spaced radio-opaque bands along its length.
  • the catheter tip is introduced into an artery and imaged together with the artery.
  • the angle between the catheter tip and the image plane (which is equal to the angle between the artery and the image plane) can be calculated.
  • This method can only be used for calculating distances in the artery containing the catheter tip, and cannot be used for measuring other arteries in the image.
  • the present invention provides a method and system for measuring the dimensions of an organ such as an artery or other blood vessel, or a urethra.
  • the method is particularly useful in measuring the dimensions of a blood vessel abnormality such as a stenosis or aneurysm.
  • a three dimensional reconstruction of the organ and a three dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device are obtained.
  • the organ and calibration device may be reconstructed in the same reconstruction or in different reconstructions.
  • the calibration device may be, for example, part of a catheter or guide wire bearing radio-opaque markers separated by a known distance xi (measured for example in millimeters). For example, two radio-opaque markers may be placed diametrically opposite to one another on the circumference of a catheter tip.
  • the calibration device is introduced into another artery in the same arterial tree containing the abnormal artery and positioned near the artery.
  • the calibration device After the calibration device has been positioned, at least two images of the organ and the calibration device are obtained from different perspectives. These images are used to generate the three-dimensional reconstructions of the organ and the calibration device as is known in the art.
  • the three-dimensional reconstructions may be generated, for example, as disclosed in Applicant's co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/662,325 entitled “System and Method for Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of an Artery ", filed on September 14, 2000.
  • the reconstructed organ and the reconstructed calibration device may be displayed on a display device, for example, a computer monitor screen, from any desired perspective.
  • the distance x 2 between the markers on the calibration device in the reconstruction (typically measured in pixels) is determined.
  • the ratio x ⁇ / 2 between the two distances xi and x 2 is a scaling factor that is used to determine the actual distance between two points in the organ from the distance in pixels between the points in the reconstruction. Two points are selected in the organ and the distance di between them in the reconstruction is determined. The actual distance d between the two points in the organ may then be calculated by
  • the present invention further provides a method for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, comprising:
  • the present invention also provides a system for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, comprising: (i) a calibration device bearing at least two markers, the markers being separated by a distance i; (ii) an imaging system configured to image the organ and the calibration device from at least two perspectives. (iii) a processor configured to:
  • the present invention also provides a program storage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, the method comprising:
  • the present invention further provides a computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in a tubular organ
  • the computer program product comprising: computer readable program code for causing the computer to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives; computer readable program code for causing the computer to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance xi; computer readable program code for causing the computer to determine in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance 2 between the markers; computer readable program code for causing the computer to determine in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; computer readable program code for causing the computer to obtain the distance d in a calculation involving the distances Xi, 2, and di.
  • Fig. 1 shows a system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a flowchart for carrying out the method of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a system for measuring the dimensions of an organ such as an artery or other blood vessel, or a urethra in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • the system comprises a table 102 upon which a patient 103 lies.
  • An X-ray source 104 is located under the table for projecting X-rays through the patient 103 to an X-ray camera 105 located above the table 102, diametrically opposite the X-ray source 104.
  • the X-ray camera 105 generates video signals 108 representing an X-ray image.
  • the video signals 108 are stored in a memory 110 of a processor 115. Images captured by the X-ray camera 105 may be viewed on a display 120 either in real-time or after being retrieved from the memory 110.
  • An operator input 125 that may be, for example, a keyboard and/or computer mouse or computer joystick, are used to allow an operator to input instructions to the processor 115.
  • the operator changes the orientation of the X-ray source 104 and the X-ray camera 105 by an activating mechanism (not shown).
  • the processor 115 is programmed to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of a tubular organ and/or a calibration device from two or more images of the organ and/or calibration device obtained from different perspectives.
  • the three-dimensional reconstruction(s) may be represented on display 120 using pseudo three-dimensional effects such as directional lighting and shading, or as a stereoscopic pair of images on the display 120 to be viewed by the operator using a stereoscopic viewer.
  • Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for measuring the distance d between two points of an organ such as an artery or other blood vessel, or a urethra, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • the two points may be, for example, the end points of a diseased region of an artery in which case the distance between the two points corresponds to the length of the diseased region in the artery.
  • step 200 a three dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device and a three dimensional reconstruction of the organ are obtained.
  • the calibration device bears at least two markers separated by a known distance xi.
  • step 210 the distance x ⁇ in pixels between the markers on the calibration device is determined in the reconstruction.
  • step 220 two points are selected in the reconstruction of the organ whose separation in the organ is to be determined.
  • step 230 the distance di in pixels between the two points is determined in the reconstruction.
  • step 240 the distance d between the two points in the artery is then obtained in a calculation involving the distances xi, x 2 , and di.
  • the system according to the invention may be a suitably programmed computer.
  • the invention contemplates a computer program being readable by a computer for executing the method of the invention.
  • the invention further contemplates a machine-readable memory tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for executing the method of the invention.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

A method and system for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ. The method comprises generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ and a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device. The calibration device bears two markers separated by a distance x1 The distance x2 between the markers in the reconstruction of the calibration device and the distance d1 between the two points in the reconstruction of the organ are then determined. The distance d is obtained in a calculation involving the distances x1, x2, and d1.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING DIMENSIONS
OF AN ORGAN
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to methods and systems for analyzing a computer reconstruction of an organ.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A diseased artery is often treated by insertion of a prosthesis such as a stent into the artery. Improper stent selection or its positioning within the artery may significantly increase the chance for re-narrowing of the artery and may even result in total blockage. In order to determine the characteristics of the appropriate stent, the dimensions of the stenosis (its diameter, length and cross section) must first be determined. Thus, accurate assessment of the severity of arterial disease, such as arterial stenosis or aneurysm, is a prerequisite for optimal treatment.
Imaging of an organ, such as an artery or other blood vessel or a urethra, usually involves introducing a radio-opaque substance into the organ. In the case of a blood vessel, an angiographer releases a contrast material, such as an iodine solution, from the tip of a catheter introduced onto the artery. The contrast material is carried from the catheter tip by the blood flow and an X-ray image of the arterial anatomy is obtained in the vicinity of the catheter tip. The catheter may also be designed to function as a calibration device by bearing two radio-opaque markers separated by a known distance. The markers may be separated, for example, by the outer diameter of the catheter, or a selected distance along the catheter axis. The calibration device is imaged together with the arteries, and the distance between the markers in the image is used to determine actual distances between features in the arterial anatomy. The actual dimensions of a stenosis may thus be calculated from its dimensions in the image. However, in order for this calculation to be accurate, it is first necessary to determine the angle between the line of the markers and the plane of the image, as well as the angle between the artery and the plane of the image.
U.S. Patent No. 4,671,291, discloses a catheter tip having at least three unevenly spaced radio-opaque bands along its length. The catheter tip is introduced into an artery and imaged together with the artery. By counting the number of bands that are individually identifiable in the image, the angle between the catheter tip and the image plane (which is equal to the angle between the artery and the image plane) can be calculated. This method, however, can only be used for calculating distances in the artery containing the catheter tip, and cannot be used for measuring other arteries in the image.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method and system for measuring the dimensions of an organ such as an artery or other blood vessel, or a urethra. The method is particularly useful in measuring the dimensions of a blood vessel abnormality such as a stenosis or aneurysm.
In accordance with the invention a three dimensional reconstruction of the organ and a three dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device are obtained. The organ and calibration device may be reconstructed in the same reconstruction or in different reconstructions. The calibration device may be, for example, part of a catheter or guide wire bearing radio-opaque markers separated by a known distance xi (measured for example in millimeters). For example, two radio-opaque markers may be placed diametrically opposite to one another on the circumference of a catheter tip. Typically, but not necessarily, in order to measure the dimensions of an abnormal artery, the calibration device is introduced into another artery in the same arterial tree containing the abnormal artery and positioned near the artery. After the calibration device has been positioned, at least two images of the organ and the calibration device are obtained from different perspectives. These images are used to generate the three-dimensional reconstructions of the organ and the calibration device as is known in the art. In the case that the organ is an artery, the three-dimensional reconstructions may be generated, for example, as disclosed in Applicant's co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/662,325 entitled "System and Method for Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of an Artery ", filed on September 14, 2000. The reconstructed organ and the reconstructed calibration device may be displayed on a display device, for example, a computer monitor screen, from any desired perspective. The distance x2 between the markers on the calibration device in the reconstruction (typically measured in pixels) is determined. The ratio xι/ 2 between the two distances xi and x2 is a scaling factor that is used to determine the actual distance between two points in the organ from the distance in pixels between the points in the reconstruction. Two points are selected in the organ and the distance di between them in the reconstruction is determined. The actual distance d between the two points in the organ may then be calculated by
Figure imgf000005_0001
The present invention further provides a method for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, comprising:
(i) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ; (ϋ) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance xi; (iii) determining in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance x2 between the markers; (iv) determining in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; and (v) obtaining the distance d in a calculation involving the distances xi,
X2, and di. The present invention also provides a system for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, comprising: (i) a calibration device bearing at least two markers, the markers being separated by a distance i; (ii) an imaging system configured to image the organ and the calibration device from at least two perspectives. (iii) a processor configured to:
(a) generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives;
(b) generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives;
(c) determine in a reconstruction of the calibration device a distance x2 between the markers;
(d) determine in a reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points;
(e) determine the distance d in a calculation involving the distances
Figure imgf000006_0001
The present invention also provides a program storage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, the method comprising:
(i) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives; (ii) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance xi; (iii) determining in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance X2 between the markers; (iv) determining in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; and (v) obtaining the distance d in a calculation involving the distances xi, X2, and di. The present invention further provides a computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in a tubular organ, the computer program product comprising: computer readable program code for causing the computer to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives; computer readable program code for causing the computer to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance xi; computer readable program code for causing the computer to determine in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance 2 between the markers; computer readable program code for causing the computer to determine in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; computer readable program code for causing the computer to obtain the distance d in a calculation involving the distances Xi, 2, and di.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be carried out in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 2 shows a flowchart for carrying out the method of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Fig. 1 shows a system for measuring the dimensions of an organ such as an artery or other blood vessel, or a urethra in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The system comprises a table 102 upon which a patient 103 lies. An X-ray source 104 is located under the table for projecting X-rays through the patient 103 to an X-ray camera 105 located above the table 102, diametrically opposite the X-ray source 104. The X-ray camera 105 generates video signals 108 representing an X-ray image. The video signals 108 are stored in a memory 110 of a processor 115. Images captured by the X-ray camera 105 may be viewed on a display 120 either in real-time or after being retrieved from the memory 110. An operator input 125, that may be, for example, a keyboard and/or computer mouse or computer joystick, are used to allow an operator to input instructions to the processor 115. In order to obtain X-ray images of the individual 103 from different perspectives, the operator changes the orientation of the X-ray source 104 and the X-ray camera 105 by an activating mechanism (not shown). The processor 115 is programmed to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of a tubular organ and/or a calibration device from two or more images of the organ and/or calibration device obtained from different perspectives. The three-dimensional reconstruction(s) may be represented on display 120 using pseudo three-dimensional effects such as directional lighting and shading, or as a stereoscopic pair of images on the display 120 to be viewed by the operator using a stereoscopic viewer. Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for measuring the distance d between two points of an organ such as an artery or other blood vessel, or a urethra, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The two points may be, for example, the end points of a diseased region of an artery in which case the distance between the two points corresponds to the length of the diseased region in the artery. In step 200, a three dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device and a three dimensional reconstruction of the organ are obtained. The calibration device bears at least two markers separated by a known distance xi. In step 210, the distance x∑ in pixels between the markers on the calibration device is determined in the reconstruction. In step 220, two points are selected in the reconstruction of the organ whose separation in the organ is to be determined. In step 230, the distance di in pixels between the two points is determined in the reconstruction. In step 240, the distance d between the two points in the artery is then obtained in a calculation involving the distances xi, x2, and di. It will be understood that the system according to the invention may be a suitably programmed computer. Likewise, the invention contemplates a computer program being readable by a computer for executing the method of the invention. The invention further contemplates a machine-readable memory tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for executing the method of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A method for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, comprising:
(i) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ; (ii) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance xi; (iii) determining in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance x2 between the markers; (iv) determining in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; and (v) obtaining the distance d in a calculation involving the distances xi,
X2, and di.
2. The method according to Claim 1 wherein the distance d is obtained using the algebraic expression d=dιx2/xι.
3. The method according to Claim lor 2 wherein the organ is a blood vessel or a urethra.
4. The method according to Claim 3 wherein the blood vessel is an artery.
5. A system for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, comprising:
(i) a calibration device bearing at least two markers, the markers being separated by a distance i; (ii) an imaging system configured to image the organ and the calibration device from at least two perspectives. (iii) a processor configured to:
(a) generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives; (b) generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives;
(c) determine in a reconstruction of the calibration device a distance X2 between the markers;
(d) determine in a reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points;
(e) determine the distance d in a calculation involving the distances xi, X2, and di.
6. The system according to Claim. 5 wherein the distance d is determined using the algebraic expression d=dι 2/ ι.
7. The system according to Claim 5 or 6 wherein the organ is a blood vessel or a urethra.
8. The system according to Claim 7 wherein the blood vessel is an artery.
9. A program storage device readable by machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform method steps for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in an organ, the method comprising:
(i) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives;
(ii) generating a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance xi; (iii) determining in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance
X2 between the markers; (iv) determining in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; and (v) obtaining the distance d in a calculation involving the distances xi, X2, and di.
10. A computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein for measuring a distance d between a first point and a second point in a tubular organ, the computer program product comprising: computer readable program code for causing the computer to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ from two or more images of the organ obtained from different perspectives; computer readable program code for causing the computer to generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of a calibration device from two or more images of the calibration device obtained from different perspectives, the calibration device bearing two markers separated by a distance Xi; computer readable program code for causing the computer to determine in the reconstruction of the calibration device a distance x∑ between the markers; computer readable program code for causing the computer to determine in the reconstruction of the organ a distance di between the first and second points; computer readable program code for causing the computer to obtain the distance d in a calculation involving the distances xi, X2, and di.
PCT/IL2001/000959 2000-10-18 2001-10-18 Method and system for measuring dimensions of an organ WO2002032307A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP2510878A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2012-10-17 Marcus Abboud Method for generating a radiological three dimensional digital volume tomography image of part of a patient's body
US8880148B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2014-11-04 General Electric Company Treatment process of radiological images for detection of stenosis

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US4671291A (en) 1986-03-31 1987-06-09 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Angle encoding catheter
US5799055A (en) * 1996-05-15 1998-08-25 Northwestern University Apparatus and method for planning a stereotactic surgical procedure using coordinated fluoroscopy
US5832422A (en) * 1995-04-11 1998-11-03 Wiedenhoefer; Curt Measuring device
US6028912A (en) * 1997-09-30 2000-02-22 Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. Apparatus and method for point reconstruction and metric measurement on radiographic images
WO2000036978A1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-29 Orto Maquet Gmbh & Co. Kg Control body for imaging methods
WO2000041626A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-20 Z-Kat, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring anatomical objects using coordinated fluoroscopy

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4671291A (en) 1986-03-31 1987-06-09 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Angle encoding catheter
US5832422A (en) * 1995-04-11 1998-11-03 Wiedenhoefer; Curt Measuring device
US5799055A (en) * 1996-05-15 1998-08-25 Northwestern University Apparatus and method for planning a stereotactic surgical procedure using coordinated fluoroscopy
US6028912A (en) * 1997-09-30 2000-02-22 Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. Apparatus and method for point reconstruction and metric measurement on radiographic images
WO2000036978A1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-29 Orto Maquet Gmbh & Co. Kg Control body for imaging methods
WO2000041626A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-20 Z-Kat, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring anatomical objects using coordinated fluoroscopy

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8880148B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2014-11-04 General Electric Company Treatment process of radiological images for detection of stenosis
EP2510878A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2012-10-17 Marcus Abboud Method for generating a radiological three dimensional digital volume tomography image of part of a patient's body
US8831322B2 (en) 2011-04-12 2014-09-09 Marcus Abboud Method of generating a three-dimensional digital radiological volume topography recording of a patient's body part

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