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WO2002057127A1 - Bicycle with front and rear drive - Google Patents

Bicycle with front and rear drive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002057127A1
WO2002057127A1 PCT/AT2002/000004 AT0200004W WO02057127A1 WO 2002057127 A1 WO2002057127 A1 WO 2002057127A1 AT 0200004 W AT0200004 W AT 0200004W WO 02057127 A1 WO02057127 A1 WO 02057127A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
front wheel
wheel
pump
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2002/000004
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rainer Meditz
Original Assignee
Rainer Meditz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rainer Meditz filed Critical Rainer Meditz
Publication of WO2002057127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002057127A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M19/00—Transmissions characterised by use of non-mechanical gearing, e.g. fluid gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M23/00—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bicycle with front and rear wheel drive with a mechanical power transmission to the rear wheel and a fluid mechanical power transmission from the rear wheel to the front wheel, with a fluid pump mechanically coupled to the rear wheel and a fluid motor mechanically coupled to the front wheel, the fluid pump being connected to the by means of a pressure line Fluid motor is connected.
  • Bikes driven on both wheels have the advantage that heavy, swampy, steep, rough, snow-covered and similar terrain can be driven on more easily with them.
  • the two-wheel drive has so far not been able to prevail in bicycles, since previous approaches to building have been complicated and involve poorer manageability, additional weight and manufacturing costs or lead to a significant deterioration in the drive efficiency. The biggest obstacle was the question of how the power required for the drive can be easily brought to the front wheel.
  • Such proposed solutions include e.g. the manual additional drive for the front wheel of a bicycle by means of a hand crank from the handlebar (WO 96/24520 AI).
  • a major disadvantage is that the driving force for the front wheel must be provided by the hands.
  • US4546990 and US4684143 describe the use of a hydraulic drive device for bicycles.
  • the displacement volume of a hydraulic displacement pump is changed depending on the pressure in the hydraulic line, so that the drive ratio adapts to changing driving and terrain conditions constant pedaling resistance is sought. Mention is also made of the possibility of allowing the drive to act not only on one wheel, but on both wheels.
  • a disadvantage of these drive devices is that the power to the main drive wheel - usually the rear wheel - is also transmitted via the hydraulic line.
  • Mechanical power transmission - e.g. via gears and chain - usually achieves a much better degree of efficiency than a hydraulic system. The largest possible proportion of the drive power should therefore be transferred mechanically.
  • FR 2 563 799 AI describes the use of a hydraulic coupling for driving the front wheel of a motorcycle in addition to the rear wheel. This transfers the rotary motion of the rear wheel to the front wheel via the hydraulic coupling.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that, especially at higher driving speeds, a large amount of hydraulic fluid circulates, flow losses occur and the efficiency is reduced.
  • the object of the invention is to provide, in a simple manner, the advantages of mechanical power transmission - high efficiency and high transferable power with low weight - with the advantages of fluid mechanical power transmission - simple power transmission without impairing the steerability of the front wheel for the at least occasionally two-wheel drive of a bicycle connect.
  • the drive power should be mechanically transmitted to the rear wheel and the fluid mechanical coupling - consisting of a fluid pump mechanically coupled to the rear wheel and a fluid motor mechanically coupled to the front wheel - should only be effective when it is required.
  • the fluid pump is a pump with a variable displacement volume.
  • the fluid motor has a displacement volume dimensioned such that the rear wheel and front wheel are driven at approximately the same peripheral speed when the pump displacement volume is set to a maximum. Drive power is transmitted from the rear wheel to the front wheel. If a pure rear-wheel drive is desired, the displacement volume of the pump can be set to low or zero displacement volume.
  • Speed compensation device enables a corresponding advance of the front wheel. No drive power is transmitted to the front wheel.
  • a return line can be omitted and the air necessary for the power transmission can be sucked into the fluid pump, flow through the pressure line and blown out again on the fluid motor.
  • a return line to the fluid pump must be provided.
  • the speed compensation device described above can be, for example, a check valve arranged between the pressure and return line, which allows the front wheel to advance relative to the fluid motor.
  • the bicycle has a one-way clutch between the fluid motor and the front wheel.
  • the fluid mechanical coupling has a fluid pump with a variable displacement volume, which is changed depending on the pressure in the pressure line.
  • This pressure acts, for example, on a control connection for the adjustment of the displacement volume.
  • the pump is designed in such a way that the pressure at the control connection moves the pump towards a larger displacement volume when a minimum value is exceeded.
  • the displacement volume of the fluid motor and the displacement volume of the fluid pump at a low level are set so that a lower pressure is set at the same speed of the front and rear wheel.
  • the bicycle is then mainly driven by the rear wheel, only small quantities run through the pump, motor and line and the drive device is highly efficient.
  • the displacement volume of the fluid motor and the displacement volume of the fluid pump can also be dimensioned at a low level using a freewheel so that the fluid motor runs after the front wheel, for example via a freewheel - ie has a lower speed than the front wheel.
  • the fluid pump rotates faster than the fluid motor and there is a pressure increase from a certain speed difference, which increases the displacement volume of the pump and causes a large amount of fluid with high pressure to act as a driving force on the front wheel, i.e. one high driving force is transmitted to the front wheel.
  • the high driving force also acts on the front wheel; when it disappears, the pressure slowly drops and the bike is again mainly mechanically driven via the rear wheel.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment is such that both the fluid pump and the fluid motor have a variable displacement volume, which is changed depending on the pressure in the pressure line.
  • the displacement volume of the fluid motor and the displacement volume of the fluid pump are each set at a low level so that at largely the same speed of the front and rear wheel only a small part of the drive line is transmitted to the front wheel, the larger part is mechanically transmitted to the rear wheel, with the above Advantage for the drive efficiency. If the rear wheel rotates faster than the front wheel, the pressure in the pressure line is increased and acts on the control connection for adjusting the displacement volume of both the fluid pump and the motor. By increasing the pressure, the pump and motor are adjusted towards a larger displacement and a large part of the drive energy is transferred to the front wheel. If the speed difference is reduced, the pressure decreases and the pump and motor reduce their displacement volume again. The transmission of the drive power shifts back to the rear wheel.
  • Fig. 2 is a Fig. 1 corresponding wiring diagram for pneumatic coupling
  • Fig. 3 is a wiring diagram for hydraulic coupling
  • Fig. 4 is a line diagram for hydraulic coupling, the displacement volume of the fluid pump and motor changes depending on the pressure in the pressure line
  • Fig. 1 shows a bicycle according to the invention in which the rear wheel (1) is driven in a conventional manner via a purely mechanical power transmission system by gears (2a, 2b) and chain.
  • the rear wheel (1) is coupled via a toothed belt (4) to a pneumatic pump with an adjustable displacement volume (5), which draws in air from the environment and feeds it into a pressure line (6).
  • the air flows in the pressure line (6) to the pneumatic motor (7), which is coupled to the front wheel (9) via toothed belts (8).
  • the pneumatic motor (7) releases the air back into the environment.
  • a feed of the pneumatic motor (7) is made possible by a speed compensation device in the form of a check valve (10).
  • Fig. 2 shows the line scheme belonging to Fig.l with the fluid pump (5) driven by the rear wheel (1), the pressure line (6), the fluid motor (7) driving the front wheel (9) and the check valve (10).
  • the fluid units (5, 7) can expediently also be integrated directly into the wheels (1,9).
  • FIG. 3 When hydraulic fluid is used as the pressure medium (FIG. 3), the medium flows in a circuit from the fluid motor (7) back to the fluid pump (5).
  • the system is therefore supplemented by a return line (11) and a storage tank (12) for hydraulic fluid.
  • This storage container (12) is connected to the lines via check valves (13).
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment, in which the displacement volume of the hydraulic pump (5) is variably controlled by the pressure in the pressure line (6).
  • a hydraulically operated adjusting device (15a) is controlled via a control line (14a).
  • the displacement volume increases with increasing pressure.
  • the displacement volume of the hydraulic motor (7) is increased with increasing pressure in the pressure line (14b, 15b, 16b).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bicycle with a front and rear drive with mechanical power transmission to the back wheel (1) and fluid-mechanical power transmission from the back wheel (1) to the front wheel (9), also comprising a fluid pump (5) which is mechanically coupled to the back wheel (1) and a fluid motor (7) which is mechanically coupled to the front wheel. The fluid pump (5) is connected to the fluid motor (7) by means of a pressure line (6). The aim of the invention is to combine, in a simple manner, the advantages of mechanical power transmission, high efficiency and high transmission capacity at low weight, with the advantages of fluid-mechanical power transmission without impairing the maneuverability of the front wheel for driving a bicycle in an at least temporary manner using both wheels. In order to achieve high efficiency, the driving power is mechanically transmitted via the back wheel (1) and the fluid-mechanical coupling to the front wheel (9) only becomes effective when required.

Description

Fahrrad mit Vorder- und HinterradantriebFront and rear wheel drive bike
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrrad mit Vorder- und Hinterradantrieb mit einer mechanischen Kraftübertragung zum Hinterrad und einer fluidmechanischen Kraftübertragung vom Hinterrad zum Vorderrad, mit einer mit dem Hinterrad mechanisch gekoppelten Fluidpumpe und einem mit dem Vorderrad mechanisch gekoppelten Fluidmotor, wobei die Fluidpumpe mittels einer Druckleitung mit dem Fluidmotor verbunden ist. An beiden Rädern angetriebene Fahrräder haben den Vorteil, daß mit ihnen schweres, sumpfiges, steiles, unwegsames, schneebedecktes und dgl. Gelände leichter befahren werden kann. Der beidrädrige Antrieb konnte sich bei Fahrrädern bis jetzt nicht durchsetzen, da bisherige Lösungsansätze im Bau kompliziert sind und schlechtere Handhabbarkeit, zusätzliches Gewicht und Herstellkosten bedeuteten oder zu einer deutlichen Verschlechterung des Antriebswirkungsgrades fuhren. Größtes Hindernis war dabei die Frage wie in einfacher Weise die für den Antrieb erforderliche Leistung an das Vorderrad gebracht wird.The invention relates to a bicycle with front and rear wheel drive with a mechanical power transmission to the rear wheel and a fluid mechanical power transmission from the rear wheel to the front wheel, with a fluid pump mechanically coupled to the rear wheel and a fluid motor mechanically coupled to the front wheel, the fluid pump being connected to the by means of a pressure line Fluid motor is connected. Bikes driven on both wheels have the advantage that heavy, swampy, steep, rough, snow-covered and similar terrain can be driven on more easily with them. The two-wheel drive has so far not been able to prevail in bicycles, since previous approaches to building have been complicated and involve poorer manageability, additional weight and manufacturing costs or lead to a significant deterioration in the drive efficiency. The biggest obstacle was the question of how the power required for the drive can be easily brought to the front wheel.
Derartige Lösungsvorschläge beinhalten z.b. den händischen Zusatzantrieb für das Vorderrad eines Fahrrades mittels Handkurbel vom Lenker aus (WO 96/24520 AI). Als wesentlicher Nachteil ist dabei zu nennen, daß die Antriebskraft für das Vorderrad durch die Hände erbracht werden muß.Such proposed solutions include e.g. the manual additional drive for the front wheel of a bicycle by means of a hand crank from the handlebar (WO 96/24520 AI). A major disadvantage is that the driving force for the front wheel must be provided by the hands.
Andere beschreiben einen mechanischen Übertragungsmechanismus vom Hinterrad bzw. der Tretkurbel auf das Vorderrad (EP 0 855 336 AI, WO 97/41024 AI, EP 0 814 016 AI, EP 0 937 600 A2, US 3 823 959 A, US 5 224 725 A, US 5 054 572 A). Damit verbunden sind komplizierte Vorrichtungen, um die Antriebskraft über eine drehbare Verbindung zum Vorderrad zu bringen, ohne die Lenkeigenschaften zu beeinträchtigen.Others describe a mechanical transmission mechanism from the rear wheel or the pedal crank to the front wheel (EP 0 855 336 AI, WO 97/41024 AI, EP 0 814 016 AI, EP 0 937 600 A2, US 3 823 959 A, US 5 224 725 A , US 5 054 572 A). This involves complicated devices to bring the driving force to the front wheel via a rotatable connection without impairing the steering properties.
US4546990 und US4684143 beschreiben den Einsatz einer hydraulischen Antriebsvorrichtung für Fahrräder. Dabei wird in Abhängigkeit vom Druck in der Hydraulikleitung das Verdrängungsvolumen einer hydraulischen Verdrängerpumpe verändert, so daß sich die Antriebsübersetzung wechselnden Fahr- und Geländebedingungen anpaßt und ein möglichst konstanter Tretwiderstand angestrebt wird. Erwähnt ist dabei auch die Möglichkeit, den Antrieb nicht nur auf ein Rad, sondern auf beide Räder wirken zu lassen. Nachteilig ist bei diesen Antriebsvorrichtungen, daß dabei auch die Leistung zum Hauptantriebsrad - üblicherweise das Hinterrad - über die Hydraulikleitung übertragen wird. Eine mechanische Kraftübertragung - z.b. über Zahnräder und Kette - erreicht üblicherweise einen wesentlich besseren Wirkungsgrad als ein hydraulisches System. Ein möglichst großer Anteil der Antriebsleistung sollte daher mechanisch übertragen werden.US4546990 and US4684143 describe the use of a hydraulic drive device for bicycles. The displacement volume of a hydraulic displacement pump is changed depending on the pressure in the hydraulic line, so that the drive ratio adapts to changing driving and terrain conditions constant pedaling resistance is sought. Mention is also made of the possibility of allowing the drive to act not only on one wheel, but on both wheels. A disadvantage of these drive devices is that the power to the main drive wheel - usually the rear wheel - is also transmitted via the hydraulic line. Mechanical power transmission - e.g. via gears and chain - usually achieves a much better degree of efficiency than a hydraulic system. The largest possible proportion of the drive power should therefore be transferred mechanically.
Die FR 2 563 799 AI beschreibt die Verwendung einer hydraulischen Kopplung zum Antrieb des Vorderrades eines Motorrades zusätzlich zum Hinterrad. Dadurch wird die Drehbewegung des Hinterrads über die hydraulische Kopplung auf das Vorderrad übertragen. Nachteilig bei dieser Vorrichtung ist, dass vor allem bei höheren Fahrgeschwindigkeiteneine große Menge an Hydraulikflüssigkeit umläuft, Strömungsverluste entstehen und der Wirkungsgrad verringert wird.FR 2 563 799 AI describes the use of a hydraulic coupling for driving the front wheel of a motorcycle in addition to the rear wheel. This transfers the rotary motion of the rear wheel to the front wheel via the hydraulic coupling. A disadvantage of this device is that, especially at higher driving speeds, a large amount of hydraulic fluid circulates, flow losses occur and the efficiency is reduced.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, in einfacher Weise die Vorteile einer mechanischen Kraftübertragung - hoher Wirkungsgrad und hohe übertragbare Leistung bei geringem Gewicht - mit den Vorteilen einer fluidmechanischen Kraftübertragung - einfache Leistungsübertragung ohne die Lenkbarkeit des Vorderrades zu beeinträchtigen für den zumindest zeitweisen beidradrigen Antrieb eines Fahrrads zu verbinden. Im Sinne eines hohen Wirkungsgrad soll die Antriebsleistung mechanisch auf das Hinterrad übertragen werden und die fluidmechanische Kopplung - bestehend aus einer mit dem Hinterrad mechanisch gekoppelten Fluidpumpe und einem mit dem Vorderrad mechanisch gekoppelten Fluidmotor - nur dann wirksam werden, wenn sie erforderlich ist.The object of the invention is to provide, in a simple manner, the advantages of mechanical power transmission - high efficiency and high transferable power with low weight - with the advantages of fluid mechanical power transmission - simple power transmission without impairing the steerability of the front wheel for the at least occasionally two-wheel drive of a bicycle connect. In terms of high efficiency, the drive power should be mechanically transmitted to the rear wheel and the fluid mechanical coupling - consisting of a fluid pump mechanically coupled to the rear wheel and a fluid motor mechanically coupled to the front wheel - should only be effective when it is required.
Für ein Fahrrad der eingangs genannten Art wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Fluidpumpe eine Pumpe mit variablem Verdrängungsvolumen ist. Der Fluidmotor weist ein derart bemessenes Verdrängungsvolumen auf, dass bei maximal eingestelltem Verdrängungsvolumen der Pumpe Hinterrad und Vorderrad mit etwa gleicher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit angetrieben werden. Es wird Antriebsleistung vom Hinterrad auf das Vorderrad übertragen. Wird ein reiner Hinterradantrieb gewünscht, kann das Verdrängungsvolumen der Pumpe auf geringes oder null Verdrängungsvolumen eingestellt werden. EineFor a bicycle of the type mentioned in the introduction, this object is achieved in that the fluid pump is a pump with a variable displacement volume. The fluid motor has a displacement volume dimensioned such that the rear wheel and front wheel are driven at approximately the same peripheral speed when the pump displacement volume is set to a maximum. Drive power is transmitted from the rear wheel to the front wheel. If a pure rear-wheel drive is desired, the displacement volume of the pump can be set to low or zero displacement volume. A
Drehzahlausgleichsvorrichtung ermöglicht einen entsprechenden Vorlauf des Vorderrades. Es wird keine Antriebsleistung zum Vorderrad übertragen.Speed compensation device enables a corresponding advance of the front wheel. No drive power is transmitted to the front wheel.
Wird Luft als Fluid verwendet, kann eine Rücklaufleitung entfallen und die für die Kraftübertragung notwendige Luft an der Fluidpumpe angesaugt werden, durch die Druckleitung strömen und am Fluidmotor wieder ausgeblasen werden. Für alle anderen Fluide - z.B. Hydrauliköl oder Wasser - ist eine Rücklaufleitung zur Fluidpumpe vorzusehen.If air is used as the fluid, a return line can be omitted and the air necessary for the power transmission can be sucked into the fluid pump, flow through the pressure line and blown out again on the fluid motor. For all other fluids - e.g. Hydraulic oil or water - a return line to the fluid pump must be provided.
Die oben beschriebene Drehzahlausgleichsvorrichtung kann beispielsweise ein zwischen Druck- und Rücklauf leitung angeordnetes Rückschlagventil sein, das dem Vorderrad einen Vorlauf gegenüber dem Fluidmotor erlaubt. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist das Fahrrad zwischen Fluidmotor und Vorderrad eine Freilaufkupplung auf.The speed compensation device described above can be, for example, a check valve arranged between the pressure and return line, which allows the front wheel to advance relative to the fluid motor. In a further preferred embodiment, the bicycle has a one-way clutch between the fluid motor and the front wheel.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die fluidmechanische Kopplung eine Fluidpumpe mit veränderlichem Verdrängungsvolumen auf, welches abhängig vom Druck in der Druckleitung verändert wird. Dieser Druck wirkt beispielsweise auf einen Steueranschluß für die Verstellung des Verdrängungsvolumens. Die Pumpe ist derart gestaltet, dass der Druck am Steueranschluß bei Überschreiten eines Mindestwertes die Pumpe in Richtung größeres Verdrängungsvolumen verstellt.In a further preferred embodiment, the fluid mechanical coupling has a fluid pump with a variable displacement volume, which is changed depending on the pressure in the pressure line. This pressure acts, for example, on a control connection for the adjustment of the displacement volume. The pump is designed in such a way that the pressure at the control connection moves the pump towards a larger displacement volume when a minimum value is exceeded.
Bei guter Bodenhaftung von Vorder- und Hinterrad haben beide in etwa die gleiche Drehzahl. Das Verdrängungsvolumen des Fluidmotors und das Verdrängungsvolumen der Fluidpumpe auf niedrigem Niveau sind so eingestellt, dass sich bei gleicher Drehzahl von Vorder- und Hinterrad ein niedriger Druck einstellt. Der Antrieb des Fahrrads erfolgt dann hauptsächlich über das Hinterrad, es laufen nur geringe Mengen durch Pumpe, Motor und Leitung und die Antriebsvorrichtung weist einen hohen Wirkungsgrad auf. Z. B. kann auch unter Verwendung eines Freilaufs das Verdrängungsvolumen des Fluidmotors und das Verdrängungsvolumen der Fluidpumpe auf niedrigem Niveau so bemessen werden, dass der Fluidmotor dem Vorderrad z.B. über einen Freilauf nachläuft - d.h. eine geringere Drehzahl als das Vorderrad aufweist. Tritt nun am Hinterrad starker Schlupf auf, dreht die Fluidpumpe schneller als der Fluidmotor und es kommt ab einer gewissen Drehzahldifferenz zu einem Druckanstieg, der das Verdrängungsvolumen der Pumpe vergrößert und bewirkt, dass eine große Fluidmenge mit hohem Druck als Antriebskraft am Vorderrad wirkt, d.h. eine hohe Antriebskraft zum Vorderrad übertragen wird. Solange die Drehzahldifferenz besteht, wirkt auch die hohe Antriebskraft auf das Vorderrad, wenn sie verschwindet fällt der Druck langsam ab und das Fahrrad wird wieder vorwiegend mechanisch über das Hinterrad angetrieben.With good grip on the front and rear wheels, both have approximately the same speed. The displacement volume of the fluid motor and the displacement volume of the fluid pump at a low level are set so that a lower pressure is set at the same speed of the front and rear wheel. The bicycle is then mainly driven by the rear wheel, only small quantities run through the pump, motor and line and the drive device is highly efficient. For example, the displacement volume of the fluid motor and the displacement volume of the fluid pump can also be dimensioned at a low level using a freewheel so that the fluid motor runs after the front wheel, for example via a freewheel - ie has a lower speed than the front wheel. If there is now a lot of slip on the rear wheel, the fluid pump rotates faster than the fluid motor and there is a pressure increase from a certain speed difference, which increases the displacement volume of the pump and causes a large amount of fluid with high pressure to act as a driving force on the front wheel, i.e. one high driving force is transmitted to the front wheel. As long as the speed difference exists, the high driving force also acts on the front wheel; when it disappears, the pressure slowly drops and the bike is again mainly mechanically driven via the rear wheel.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausgestaltung in der Art, daß sowohl Fluidpumpe als auch Fluidmotor variables Verdrängungsvolumen aufweisen, welches abhängig vom Druck in der Druckleitung verändert wird. Das Verdrängungsvolumen des Fluidmotors und das Verdrängungsvolumen der Fluidpumpe jeweils auf niedrigem Niveau sind so eingestellt, daß bei weitgehend gleicher Drehzahl von Vorder- und Hinterrad nur ein geringer Teil der Antriebslesitung zum Vorderrad übertragen wird, der größere Teil wird mechanisch zum Hinterrad übertragen, mit oben beschriebenem Vorteil für den Antriebswirkungsgrad. Dreht das Hinterrad schneller als das Vorderrad wird der Druck in der Druckleitung erhöht und wirkt auf den Steueranschluß für die Verstellung des Verdrängungsvolumens sowohl der Fluidpumpe als auch des -motors. Durch Druckerhöhung werden Pumpe und Motor in Richtung größeres Verdrängungsvolumen verstellt und ein großer Teil der Antriebsenergie zum Vorderrad übertragen. Bei Verminderung der Drehzahldifferenz vermindert sich der Druck und Pumpe und Motor vermindern wieder ihr Verdrängungsvolumen. Die Übertragung der Antriebsleistung verlagert sich wieder auf das Hinterrad.A particularly advantageous embodiment is such that both the fluid pump and the fluid motor have a variable displacement volume, which is changed depending on the pressure in the pressure line. The displacement volume of the fluid motor and the displacement volume of the fluid pump are each set at a low level so that at largely the same speed of the front and rear wheel only a small part of the drive line is transmitted to the front wheel, the larger part is mechanically transmitted to the rear wheel, with the above Advantage for the drive efficiency. If the rear wheel rotates faster than the front wheel, the pressure in the pressure line is increased and acts on the control connection for adjusting the displacement volume of both the fluid pump and the motor. By increasing the pressure, the pump and motor are adjusted towards a larger displacement and a large part of the drive energy is transferred to the front wheel. If the speed difference is reduced, the pressure decreases and the pump and motor reduce their displacement volume again. The transmission of the drive power shifts back to the rear wheel.
In den Zeichnungen ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen:The subject matter of the invention is shown, for example, in the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein erfϊndungsgeniäßes Fahrrad mit pneumatischer Kopplung1 shows a bicycle with pneumatic coupling according to the invention
Fig. 2 ein Fig. 1 entsprechendes Leitungsschema für pneumatische KopplungFig. 2 is a Fig. 1 corresponding wiring diagram for pneumatic coupling
Fig. 3 ein Leitungsschema für hydraulische KopplungFig. 3 is a wiring diagram for hydraulic coupling
Fig. 4 ein Leitungsschema für hydraulische Kopplung, wobei sich das Verdrängungsvolumen von Fluidpumpe und -motor abhängig vom Druck in der Druckleitung verändert Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrrad bei dem das Hinterrad (1) in herkömmlicher Weise über ein rein mechanisches Kraftübertragungssystem durch Zahnräder (2a, 2b) und Kette angetrieben wird. Das Hinterrad (1) ist über einen Zahnriemen (4) mit einer Pneumatikpumpe mit verstellbarem Verdrängungsvolumen (5) gekoppelt, welche Luft aus der Umgebung ansaugt und in eine Druckleitung (6) speist. In der Druckleitung (6) strömt die Luft zum Pneumatikmotor (7), welcher über Zahnriemen (8) mit dem Vorderrad (9) gekoppelt ist. Der Pneumatikmotor (7) gibt die Luft wieder an die Umgebung ab. Ein Vorlauf des Pneumatikmotors (7) wird durch eine Drehzahlausgleichsvorrichtung in Form eines Rückschlagventils (10) ermöglicht.Fig. 4 is a line diagram for hydraulic coupling, the displacement volume of the fluid pump and motor changes depending on the pressure in the pressure line Fig. 1 shows a bicycle according to the invention in which the rear wheel (1) is driven in a conventional manner via a purely mechanical power transmission system by gears (2a, 2b) and chain. The rear wheel (1) is coupled via a toothed belt (4) to a pneumatic pump with an adjustable displacement volume (5), which draws in air from the environment and feeds it into a pressure line (6). The air flows in the pressure line (6) to the pneumatic motor (7), which is coupled to the front wheel (9) via toothed belts (8). The pneumatic motor (7) releases the air back into the environment. A feed of the pneumatic motor (7) is made possible by a speed compensation device in the form of a check valve (10).
Fig. 2 zeigt das zu Fig.l gehörige Leitungsschema mit der vom Hinterrad (1) getriebenen Fluidpumpe (5), der Druckleitung (6), den das Vorderrad (9) antreibenden Fluidmotor (7) sowie das Rückschlagventil (10). Zweckmäßig können auch die Fluidaggregate (5, 7) direkt in die Räder (1,9) integriert werden.Fig. 2 shows the line scheme belonging to Fig.l with the fluid pump (5) driven by the rear wheel (1), the pressure line (6), the fluid motor (7) driving the front wheel (9) and the check valve (10). The fluid units (5, 7) can expediently also be integrated directly into the wheels (1,9).
Bei Verwendung von Hydraulikflüssigkeit als Druckmedium (Fig. 3) fließt das Medium im Kreislauf vom Fluidmotor (7) wieder zur Fluidpumpe (5) zurück. Daher wird das System um eine Rücklaufleitung (11) und einen Speicherbehälter (12) für Hydraulikflüssigkeit ergänzt. Dieser Speicherbehälter (12) ist über Rückschlagventile (13) mit den Leitungen verbunden. Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausfuhrungsvariante, bei der das Verdrängungsvolumen der Hydraulikpumpe (5) veränderlich durch den Druck in der Druckleitung (6) gesteuert wird. Über eine Steuerleitung (14a) wird eine hydraulisch betätigte VerStelleinrichtung (15a) gesteuert. Abhängig von der einstellbaren Federvorspannung (16a) wird das Verdrängungsvolumen mit steigendem Druck vergrößert. Analog wird das Verdrängungsvolumen des Hydraulikmotors (7) mit steigendem Druck in der Druckleitung vergrößert (14b, 15b, 16b). When hydraulic fluid is used as the pressure medium (FIG. 3), the medium flows in a circuit from the fluid motor (7) back to the fluid pump (5). The system is therefore supplemented by a return line (11) and a storage tank (12) for hydraulic fluid. This storage container (12) is connected to the lines via check valves (13). Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment, in which the displacement volume of the hydraulic pump (5) is variably controlled by the pressure in the pressure line (6). A hydraulically operated adjusting device (15a) is controlled via a control line (14a). Depending on the adjustable spring preload (16a), the displacement volume increases with increasing pressure. Similarly, the displacement volume of the hydraulic motor (7) is increased with increasing pressure in the pressure line (14b, 15b, 16b).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Fahrrad mit Vorder- und Hinterradantrieb, mit einer mechanischen Kraftübertragung zum Hinterrad (1) insbesondere einem Kettenantrieb (2a, 2b, 3) und einer fluidmechanischen Kraftübertragung vom Hinterrad (1) zum Vorderrad (9), mit einer mit dem Hinterrad (1) mechanisch gekoppelten Fluidpumpe (5) und einem mit dem Vorderrad (9) mechanisch gekoppelten Fluidmotor (7), wobei die Fluidpumpe (5) mittels einer Druckleitung (6) mit dem Fluidmotor (7) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluidpumpe (5) eine Pumpe mit variablem Verdrängungsvolumen ist.1. Bicycle with front and rear wheel drive, with a mechanical power transmission to the rear wheel (1), in particular a chain drive (2a, 2b, 3) and a fluid mechanical power transmission from the rear wheel (1) to the front wheel (9), with one with the rear wheel (1 ) mechanically coupled fluid pump (5) and a fluid motor (7) mechanically coupled to the front wheel (9), the fluid pump (5) being connected to the fluid motor (7) by means of a pressure line (6), characterized in that the fluid pump ( 5) is a variable displacement pump.
2. Fahrrad nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Vorderrad (9) und Fluidmotor (7) eine Freilaufkupplung angeordnet ist.2. Bicycle according to claim 1, characterized in that a one-way clutch is arranged between the front wheel (9) and the fluid motor (7).
3. Fahrrad nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das variable Verdrängungsvolumen der Fluidpumpe (5) abhängig vom Druck in der Druckleitung (6) verändert.3. Bicycle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the variable displacement volume of the fluid pump (5) changes depending on the pressure in the pressure line (6).
4. Fahrrad nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das variable Verdrängungsvolumen des Fluidmotors (5) abhängig vom Druck in der Druckleitung (6) verändert. 4. Bicycle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the variable displacement volume of the fluid motor (5) changes depending on the pressure in the pressure line (6).
PCT/AT2002/000004 2001-01-17 2002-01-10 Bicycle with front and rear drive WO2002057127A1 (en)

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ATA70/2001 2001-01-17
AT702001A AT410309B (en) 2001-01-17 2001-01-17 BICYCLE WITH FRONT AND REAR WHEEL DRIVE

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007034154A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-29 David Thomson Wallace Conical gearing and all wheel drive bicycle
EP2520482A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 Antonios Mastrokalos Gear-driven bicycle
WO2020157524A1 (en) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-06 Sarbanis Lampros Two-wheel drive bicycle with front wheel hydraulic assist
DE102019006512A1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-08-06 Georg Egger Vehicle powered solely by muscle power

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3823959A (en) 1971-12-29 1974-07-16 R Winters Two wheel drive bicycle
US4546990A (en) 1983-09-06 1985-10-15 Harriger George A Hydraulic drive system for bicycles and the like
US4688815A (en) * 1984-03-27 1987-08-25 Lectrolarm Custom Systems, Inc. Hydraulically driven bicycle
US4684143A (en) 1985-04-05 1987-08-04 Yasunori Sato Two-wheeled vehicle with hydraulic transmission
US5224725A (en) 1990-05-10 1993-07-06 Erlston Lester J Two-wheeled-drive two wheeled vehicle
US5054572A (en) 1990-06-20 1991-10-08 Parker James G Front wheel drive system for a motorcycle
WO1996024520A1 (en) 1995-02-10 1996-08-15 Wayne Charles Chalfant Bicycle front wheel drive
EP0798202A1 (en) * 1996-03-02 1997-10-01 Siegfried Hieble Motorcycle with front wheel drive
WO1997041024A1 (en) 1996-04-26 1997-11-06 Christini Steven J Two-wheel drive bicycle
EP0814016A1 (en) 1996-06-19 1997-12-29 Shimano Inc. Bicycle front derailleur
DE19630447A1 (en) * 1996-07-27 1998-01-29 Eckhard Dr Ing Oster Hydrostatic drive with control unit for bicycles
EP0855336A1 (en) 1997-01-23 1998-07-29 Claudio Roberto Suardi Steady and safe two-wheel drive bicycle
DE19744608A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-15 Geiser Herold Marc Rene Adjustable hydrostatic compact gear for bicycle
EP0937600A2 (en) 1998-02-19 1999-08-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Hybrid transmission, vehicle and bicycle using the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007034154A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2007-03-29 David Thomson Wallace Conical gearing and all wheel drive bicycle
EP2520482A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 Antonios Mastrokalos Gear-driven bicycle
WO2020157524A1 (en) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-06 Sarbanis Lampros Two-wheel drive bicycle with front wheel hydraulic assist
DE102019006512A1 (en) 2019-09-13 2020-08-06 Georg Egger Vehicle powered solely by muscle power

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA702001A (en) 2002-08-15
AT410309B (en) 2003-03-25

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